aula 4 fosforilação oxidativa

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Fosforilação Oxidativa
cadeia de transporte de elétrons
1º estágio; formação de acetil-CoA;
2º estágio: oxidação do acetil-CoA no ciclo de Krebs;
3º estágio: cadeia de transporte de elétrons.
1ª Etapa do Ciclo 
de Krebs
Acetil-CoA pode ser formado pela quebra de carboidratos, gorduras e proteínas;
Também através do piruvato (formado pela quebra de carboidratos e proteínas); 
Piruvato, (molécula com 3 C) é quebrado para formar acetil-CoA (molécula com 2 C);
Carbono remanescente liga-se ao O2 formando CO2.
2ª Etapa do Ciclo 
de Krebs
Acetil-CoA (2C) + oxaloacetato (4C) = citrato (6C)
Tem início então uma série de reações;
Regeneração do oxaloacetato (4C);
Cada molécula de glicose acarreta em 2 rodadas do ciclo de Krebs.
Ciclo de Krebs
Cada rodada do ciclo de Krebs são formados 3 NADH e 1 FADH;
O ciclo de Krebs gera também um composto energético;
Trifosfato de guanosina (GTP);
Porém a maior geração energética é na CDT.
Enzimas da reação
Principal reguladora da velocidade
Fosforilação oxidativa
Cadeia de transporte de elétrons
Cadeia de transporte de elétrons
Radicais livres e exercício
São necessários 4 ATP para transportar todo ATP formado da mitocôndria para o citoplasma. Porém NADH gera 3 ATP e FADH gera 2 ATP
Em resumo
A fosforilação oxidativa ou produção aeróbia de ATP ocorre na mitocôndria, como resultado da interação complexa entre o ciclo de Krebs e a cadeia de transpor de elétrons
O papel primário do ciclo de Krebs é completar a oxidação dos substratos e formar NADH e FADH para entrar na cadeia de transporte de elétrons
O resultado final da cadeia de transporte de elétrons é a formação de ATP e água.
A água é formada por elétrons aceptores de oxigênio.
Deste modo o motivo que nos leva a respirar oxigênio é usá-lo como aceptor final de elétrons no metabolismo aeróbio.
O metabolismo aeróbio de uma molécula de glicose, acarreta produção de 32 moléculas de ATP. Se for glicogênio o rendimento será 33 ATP.
Energia para exercício é produzida pela interação entre as vias anaeróbia e aeróbia
Quanto mais breve for a atividade (alta intensidade), maior será a contribuição da produção de energia anaeróbia. Em contraste, as atividades de longa duração (intensidade leva a moderada) usam ATP produzidos a partir de fontes aeróbias.
Energia para Atividade Física
Produção Aeróbia de Energia
Prof: Galeno Jahnssen
Estudo dirigido
Oxidação celular
ciclo de Krebs