adjectives and adverbs [modo de compatibilidade]

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Using Adjectives and Adverbs Correctly
What are adjectives?
• Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns
• These words are all adjectives
– A hot day
– A happy camper
– A silly twit 
– A big, bloodymess (both “big” and “bloody” modify 
“mess”)
– She is creative (“creative” is a subject complement that 
follows the linking verb “is”)
– A boring course (present participle used as an adjective
So what are adverbs?
• Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other 
adverbs
• Many adverbs end with ly
• Many adverbs answer the question “How?”
• These are adverbs
– Eating quickly (modifying a verb)
– Trying very hard (modifying an adverb)
– A really big show (modifying an adjective)
Recognizing Adjectives & Adverbs
• Many words have both an adjective and adverb form
Adjective Adverb
Happy kids Playing happily
Smooth rock Running smoothly
Good night Eating Well
Efficient workers Working efficiently
Casual dress Dressing casually
Quick meeting Talking quickly
hopeful children Waiting hopefully
Real butter Really hot
Comparatives and Superlatives
• Most adverbs and adjectives also have a comparative and 
superlative form
Simple Comparative Superlative
Hot Hotter Hottest
Good Better Best
Exciting More exciting Most exciting
Careful Less careful Least careful
• Use the comparative form to compare two things
 Sally is the larger of the twins (not largest) 
• Use the superlative form to compare three or more
 August was the hottest month of the year
Double Comparatives
• Don’t use “more” or “most” with –er or –est
• Yesterday was more hotter than today
• That was the most dirtiest story I ever heard
• You are the bestest teacher
Don’t use adjectives when adverbs are 
needed
• You did a real nice job
– (an adjective can’t modify another adjective)
– You did a really nice job
– (the adverb “really” modifies “nice”)
• He did good
– He did well  or
– He did a good job
• Fuel injection helps the car run efficient
– Fuel injection helps the car run efficiently
• Come quick!
– Come quickly!
• Hopefully, it won’t rain
– (an adverb explains how something will happen
– I hope that it won’t rain 
Don’t use needless adverbs
• Before using any of these words, check to see if they add 
anything to the sentence
• Really, very, absolutely, extremely, quite, actually, somewhat, rather
• I am really happy to see you
• Grammar is very boring
• You are absolutely correct
• Her language was extremely crude
• You are quite intelligent
• Context will help you decide whether to retain the underlined 
words
• Keep them only if they add to the meaning
• Bill Gates is very rich. I hope he gives me some money.
– Most college instructors are poor; their students are very
poor.
Indefinite Article 
Os artigos possuem um papel 
muito importante para o 
ensino da língua inglesa. Por 
meio deles, podemos entender 
a que se refere determinada 
informação.
• São dois os artigos indefinidos, A e AN. Ambos 
têm o mesmo significado: um / uma.
Usamos A com palavras que iniciam com som de
consoantes:
a boy = um menino
a window = uma janela
a cat = um gato
Usa-se A antes de palavras iniciadas por “u” e 
“eu” quando essas letras têm o som de “you”.
Exemplos:
A European
A university
A unit.
Usamos AN com palavras que iniciam com som de vogais:
an egg = um ovo
an umbrella = um guarda-chuva
an orange = uma laranja
Usa-se AN antes de “h” mudo.
Exemplos:
an honest man
an hour
Uso do artigo indefinido
Usa-se o artigo indefinido 
nos seguintes casos:
Paul is a teacher.
Peter wants to be an engineer.
 com profissões
Willian is an Englishman.
I met a German teacher.
 com nacionalidade
Anna is a devout Catholic.
and
David is a devout Protestant.
 com religião
R$ 5 a kilo.
10 km an hour.
Three times a day.
 antes de nomes de medidas,
pesos e divisões do tempo
A dog is a domestic animal.
A lion is a wild animal.
 para definir algo
a) This is ____ expensive bike.
b) My father is ____ honest person.
c) My friend likes being ____ astronaut.
d) We listen to ____ English CD.
e) They finished ____ unit.
Complete the gaps with a or an.
a) This is an expensive bike.
b) My father is an honest person.
c) My friend likes being an astronaut.
d) We listen to an English CD.
e) They finished a unit.
Answer key
Entering ...... university should be ...... exciting
experience for ...... young man or woman.
a)an; an; an
b)a; an; a
c)a; an; an
d)an; an; a
e)a; a; a
Entering a university should be an exciting
experience for a young man or woman.
a)an; an; an
b)a; an; a
c)a; an; an
d)an; an; a
e)a; a; a