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Prévia do material em texto

1.
		The Romans invaded England  in 43 AD under Emperor Claudius. Were The Celts able to send the Romans back to Italy?
	
	
	
	
	
	Yes, they were. They counted on the help of Beowulf to defend them.
	
	
	No, they weren't. The Romans were able to kill most of the Celts and the ones who survived were turned into slaves.
	
	
	Yes, they were. They used special weapons derived from mythological sources to win the battle.
	
	 
	Yes, they were. Under war leader Julius Caesar, the Romans invaded England but were sent back home since the Celts were very good warriors.
	
	 
	No, they weren't. The Celts could not match the discipline and training of the Roman army. A battle was fought on the River Medway, ending in Celtic defeat and withdrawal.
	
	
	
		2.
		Mythology may have different definitions. It may be regarded as an allegorical narrative or as the myths dealing with the Gods, demigods and heroes of a particular group of people, among other definitions.
What was Celtic mythology?
	
	
	
	
	
	It was the mythology based on Indian Gods.
	
	
	It was the mythology which influenced fairy tales like: Snow White and Peter Pan.
	
	 
	It was the mythology based on Greek Gods.
	
	 
	It was the mythology of Celtic polytheism, the religion of the Iron Age Celts.
	
	
	It was the mythology based on Jewish Gods.
	
	
	
		3.
		In the history of any country invaders are often found. Who were the first people who began to arrive in England around 700 BC?
	
	
	
	
	 
	The Celts.
	
	
	Indian people.
	
	
	Japanese people.
	
	
	Swedish people.
	
	
	African people.
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		4.
		Beowulf slays Grendel in order to ¿
	
	
	
	
	
	keep Herot from being destroyed
	
	
	none of the above
	
	
	prevent Grendel from invading the land of the Geats
	
	 
	save Hrothgar and the Danes from the monster
	
	
	carry off the treasure in Grendel¿s lair
	
	
	
		5.
		The British Isles have always attracted the attention of a whole lot of different people from different countries.
 Who invaded England again in 43 AD under Emperor Claudius?
	
	
	
	
	 
	The Romans.
	
	 
	The Celtic people.
	
	
	The Portuguese warriors.
	
	
	The French people.
	
	
	The German legions.
	
	
	
		6.
		Who were the last Celtic arrivals to England from Europe?
	
	
	
	
	
	The Spanish tribes.
	
	 
	The Belgic tribes.
	
	
	The French tribes.
	
	
	The Dutch tribes.
	
	
	The Portuguese tribes.
	
	
	
		7.
		What can we say about the Celts?
	
	
	
	
	
	Celt men and women were able to fight for their political rights in their communities. They would all vote to choose their leader and their children would go to school to learn how to read and write.
	
	 
	The Celts were known for their literary value, they were great sailors and very religious men.
	
	
	The Celts would grow their own crops, they were interested in the crossing of the ocean and the oldest member of their community would decide their own laws.
	
	
	The Celts were great warriors, their chiefs were usually chosen in a fight between a member of a tribe and a foreign one. The boys were raised to become well-educated in future.
	
	 
	The Celts were organized into different tribes, and tribal chiefs were chosen from each family or tribe, sometimes as the result of fighting matches between individuals, and sometimes by election.
	
	
	
		8.
		The Celts had a very profound and positive attitude in the formation of the English country. Which of the following statements IS NOT applicable to the Celts?
	
	
	
	
	
	The Celts are important in British history because they are the ancestors of many people in Highland Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and Cornwall today.
	
	
	The Iberian people of Wales and Cornwall took on the new Celtic culture.
	
	 
	The Celts wrote Beowulf.
	
	 
	The Celts were organized into different tribes, and tribal chiefs were chosen from each family or tribe, sometimes as the result of fighting matches between individuals, and sometimes by election.
	
	
	We do not even know for certain whether the Celts invaded Britain or came peacefully as a result of the lively trade with Europe from about 750 BC onwards.
	
		1.
		Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic poem in the English language and the earliest piece of vernacular European literature. (about.com)
What was peculiar about the story of Beowulf?
	
	
	
	
	 
	By the time the story of Beowulf was composed by an unknown Anglo-Saxon poet around 700 A.D., much of its material had been in circulation in oral narrative for many years.
	
	
	Even though it was written such a long time ago, it tells the story of a romance between a hero and a witch.
	
	
	Grendel and his mother lived in a beautiful and comfortable house.
	
	
	It tells the story of a monster called Grendel who was able to defeat Beowulf in a battle.
	
	 
	Beowulf contains many pagan and folkloric elements, but there are undeniable Christian themes as well, such as the reference to the fact that a man and a woman should have their first sexual relationship after they were married by a catholic representative.
	
	
	
		2.
		For nearly eight centuries, from 700 BC to 100 AD, the Celtic people inhabited the regions now known as:
	
	
	
	
	
	Spain, Italy, Germany and England.
	
	 
	Spain, France, Germany and England.
	
	
	Spain, France, Africa and England.
	
	
	Spain, France, Germany and Italy.
	
	
	Spain, Africa, Germany and England.
	
	
	
		3.
		The Celtic became the main language group in Europe, before being almost totally assimilated into:
	
	
	
	
	 
	the Roman Empire.
	
	
	the English Empire.
	
	
	the Russian Empire.
	
	
	the Spanish Empire.
	
	
	the French Empire.
	
	
	
		4.
		For many students of the medieval era, social history is the most fascinating area of study. Understanding what people wore and ate, what their dwellings were like, how they made a living or entertained themselves, the artwork they produced and the literature they wrote, their technological development and what they believed in all bring the scholar closer to the Middle Ages. (About.com)
However we should also have in mind that they also had their fears. Throughout the poem Beowulf, how is this fear evident?
	
	
	
	
	
	In Beowulf, we easily notice that they were afraid of monsters, sea-demons and vampires.
	
	 
	Throughout Beowulf the constant fear of invasion that plagued Scandinavian society is evident.
	
	
	In the poem we can feel that they were very much concerned with technological development so as to protect them from diseases.
	
	 
	Throughout Beowulf the concern with the catholic religion is evident. They were afraid of being punished by God.
	
	
	Throughout the poem, we notice that there was a real concern with the Mead-Halls because they were seen as sanctuaries, and their great fear was not to be admitted into the Mead-Halls.
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		5.
		The English language history is divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The second half of the fifth century, when the Germanic invasions occurred, marks the beginning of the period known as:
	
	
	
	
	
	Modern English
	
	 
	Middle English
	
	 
	Old English
	
	
	Contemporary English
	
	
	Celtic English
	 Gabarito Comentado6.
		Beowulf¿s bragging of his heroic feats to the watchman is an example of
	
	
	
	
	
	Kennings
	
	 
	The elevated language of epic poetry
	
	
	Beowulf being a jerk
	
	 
	An elegiac
	
	
	none of the above
	
	
	
		7.
		During the Anglo-Saxon period, how were the poems written down?
	
	
	
	
	
	As paper was not yet available at that time, they would draw images on stones to represent the sentences of a poem.
	
	 
	As ordinary people did not know how to read and write during the Anglo-Saxon period, anyone who 'created' a poem would ask the monks , in the monasteries, to write them down for them, since the monks, as religious people, were the only ones who could read and write at that time.
	
	
	In fact, poems were not typical of the Anglo-Saxon Period. They date from the Middle Ages.
	
	
	Poems were not written down at that time. People would memorize them and tell their relatives so that they would also keep them in their minds. That´s why we do not have any register of them.
	
	 
	As the printing machine was invented during this period of time, the author of the poems would ask permission to have it printed.
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		8.
		When do most scholar¿s believe ¿Beowulf was written approximately
	
	
	
	
	
	none of the above
	
	 
	9th century
	
	
	8th century
	
	
	14th century
	
	 
	11th century
	
		1.
		At the Tabard Inn, a tavern in Southwark, near London, the narrator joins a company of
	
	
	
	
	
	eight women from Barth
	
	 
	twenty-nine pilgrims
	
	
	six religious leaders
	
	 
	three knights
	
	
	ten warriors
	
	
	
		2.
		What was one of the contributions of ´The Canterbury Tales´ to English literature?
	
	
	
	
	
	To set the basis for the Gothic novel.
	
	
	To be able to create a chivalry romance with heroes who loved married women.
	
	 
	To tell a story based on Italian folk tales.
	
	 
	To create a new way of building characters.
	
	
	To mix fantasy with reality, vampires and fairies.
	
	
	
		3.
		Which of the following is not an element of the epic genre?
	
	
	
	
	
	episodes important to the nation¿s history
	
	
	struggle of good versus evil
	
	
	national values
	
	 
	lighthearted tone
	
	 
	a selfish coward hero
	
	
	
		4.
		In the Canterbury Tales the fictional inn where the pilgrims meet is
	
	
	
	
	
	Canterbury.
	
	 
	Tavern.
	
	
	Princeton.
	
	 
	In the Canterbury Tales the fictional inn where the pilgrims meet is Wessel Hall
	
	
	London.
	
	
	
		5.
		In the Canterbury Tales the fictional inn where the pilgrims meet is
	
	
	
	
	 
	Tabard
	
	 
	Wessel Hall
	
	
	Princeton
	
	
	Canterbury
	
	
	
		6.
		In relation to the Celtic legends, Beowulf exemplifies the traits of the perfect
	
	
	
	
	
	Lord
	
	 
	hero
	
	
	God
	
	
	ordinary person
	
	
	King
	
	
	
		7.
		Arthur was the son of .........
	
	
	
	
	 
	Uther Pendragon
	
	
	Sir Ector
	
	
	King Ban
	
	
	Arthur Pendragon
	
	
	Merlin
	
	
	
		8.
		Beowulf was written in
	
	
	
	
	
	modern English
	
	
	middle English
	
	
	modern French
	
	 
	old English
	
	
	old French
		Chaucer shows almost a modern attitude in his
	
	
	
	
	
	themes and motifs
	
	 
	All of the above
	
	
	humor
	
	
	realism
	
	
	rejection of conventions
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		2.
		¿The Canterbury Tales¿ was written in
	
	
	
	
	
	modern English
	
	 
	old English
	
	 
	middle English
	
	
	old French
	
	
	modern French
	
	
	
		3.
		The Monk, Prioress, and Friar were all members of the
	
	
	
	
	 
	clerical estate
	
	
	army
	
	
	Parliament
	
	
	English court
	
	
	the French society
	
	
	
		4.
		In which month did the pilgrims march towards the Canterbury?
	
	
	
	
	 
	December
	
	
	June
	
	
	May
	
	 
	April
	
	
	March
	
	
	
		5.
		When wasWilliam Shakespeare born?
	
	
	
	
	 
	23 April 1564
	
	
	15 July 1580
	
	
	25 December 1600
	
	
	1 January 1601
	
	
	5 July 1579
	
	
	
		6.
		Where wasWilliam Shakespeareborn?
	
	
	
	
	
	Paris
	
	
	New York
	
	
	Nottingham
	
	 
	London
	
	 
	Stratford-on-Avon
	
	
	
		7.
		When Christianity came to Ireland as soon merged with Druidism that there still existed. The result was a religion more mystical, deeper and more philosophical than Roman Christianity. How this religion was called?
	
	
	
	
	
	Christianity
	
	 
	Celtic Christianity
	
	
	New Druidism
	
	
	Paganism
	
	
	English Christianity
	
	
	
		8.
		Courtly love motifs first appear in The Canterbury Tales with the description of the Squire in
	
	
	
	
	
	the tale about the knight
	
	
	the end of the poem
	
	
	the last tales
	
	 
	the general prologue
	
	 
	the religious tales
	
	
	
		1.
		The Elizabethan reign was a time of:
	
	
	
	
	 
	prosperity and conquests
	
	
	domesticity and gentility
	
	
	internal political instability
	
	
	religious persecution
	
	
	sadness and fear
	
	
	
		2.
		The philosophical basis for the Renaissance was:
	
	
	
	
	
	Positivism
	
	 
	Humanism
	
	
	Pelasianism
	
	
	Platonism
	
	
	Christianity
	
	
	
		3.
		What influence did Queen Elizabeth I have on the theater?
	
	
	
	
	 
	Desiring the promotion of English culture, she provided playwrights with her attendance and financial support.
	
	
	She closed theaters and banned actors
	
	
	Wanting to benefit financially, she encouraged artists to write and perform plays.
	
	
	Concerned about people neglecting work to attend plays, she discouraged theater goers from attending plays.
	
	
	Fearing the spread of the black plague, she discouraged the theater, where many individuals would be in close proximity with one another.
	
	
	
		4.
		The medieval tragedies such as the classic, follow many of Aristotelian precepts. However, the work produced during the Middle Ages generally deal with other themes and their moral precepts, which are:
	
	
	
	
	 
	Celtic and Christianity
	
	
	Chivalry and Celtic
	
	
	Christianity and Anglicism
	
	 
	Chivalry and Christianity
	
	
	Chivalry and Anglicism
	
	
	
		5.
		What was the Globe Theatre like?
	
	
	
	
	
	It was not a perfect one but, since we are talking about the XIV century, we need to understand the difficulties builders had at the time.
	
	 
	It was an open-air octagonal amphitheater that could seat up to 3,000 spectators. The theatre was three stories high, with a diameter of approximately 100 feet.
	
	
	Since it was the first theatre ever having been built in Stratford-on-Avon, it was an outstanding work of art.
	
	 
	It was the first popular theatre ever having been built in London and its sound equipments were the best onesat the time.
	
	
	It was not a very big building since Queen Elizabeth I did not want to spend too much money in it.
	
	
	
		6.
		The goal of tragedy is to __________ us.
	
	
	
	
	
	burden
	
	
	scare
	
	 
	ennoble
	
	 
	sadden
	
	
	delight
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		7.
		The word Renaissance literally means:
	
	
	
	
	 
	rebirth
	
	
	classical study
	
	
	Greek art
	
	
	art
	
	
	renovation
	
	
	
		8.
		Beowulf is written in Anglo-Saxon language with the use of alliteration. The only existing manuscript of it dates from the eleventh century, but it is believed that the original poem may have been written before. What is the literary characteristic of Beowulf?
	
	
	
	
	
	It is a sonnet.
	
	
	It is a comedy.
	
	 
	It is an epic poem.
	
	
	It is an epic poetry.
	
	
	It is a tragedy.
	
	
	
		1.
		The father of dramatic analysis is
	
	
	
	
	
	Socrates.
	
	
	Plato.
	
	
	Descartes
	
	
	Sophocles.
	
	 
	Aristotle.
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		2.
		What is intriguing about Shakespeare´s life?
	
	
	
	
	
	The fact that he married a woman who was so much younger than he was, what was not typical of that time.
	
	
	The fact that Shakespeare dedicated some of his late sonnets to a dog but he had never had one.
	
	 
	Of all the questions surrounding Shakespeare´s life, the sonnets are perhaps the most intriguing.
	
	 
	The fact that even though Shakespeare was unable to read and write, he had the brilliant creativity of building great poems.
	
	
	His third marriage to a lady who belonged to the nobility.
	
	
	
		3.
		In the poem, some important values from that era were presented such as:
	
	
	
	
	
	the greed and respect among the vassals warriors and their king.
	
	
	the loyalty and poverty among the vassals warriors and their king.
	
	
	the fear and greed among the vassal warrios and their king.
	
	 
	the loyalty and respect among the vassals warriors and their king.
	
	
	the beauty and respect among the vassals warriors and their king.
	
	
	
		4.
		What can we say about Shakespeare´s legacy?
	
	
	
	
	
	He wrote several comedies, which were a failure and a few tragedies.
	
	 
	Shakespeare´s legacy is well known since he wrote terrific poems and famous tragedies.
	
	
	He left a considerable amount of novels, some tragedies and a few comedies.
	
	
	When Shakespeare died, he left a legacy of 100 plays and 56 poems.
	
	 
	The legacy of this body of work is immense: he wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets that bear his name.
	
	
	
		5.
		With the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, the theater company of William Shakespeare spent assign a royal patent by the new king, James I of England, changing his name to:
	
	
	
	
	
	The Royal's Men.
	
	
	The King's Knights.
	
	 
	The King's Men.
	
	
	The King's Writers.
	
	 
	The Queen's Men.
	
	
	
		6.
		What was Shakespeare¿s reputation by the early eighteenth century?
	
	
	
	
	 
	He was regarded as a great English poet.
	
	
	He was still unknown outside England by the early eighteenth century.
	
	
	He was only known for his poems.
	
	
	He was only known for his tragedies.
	
	
	His work was not yet recognized as a good one.
	
	
	
		7.
		What is the Scandinavian ritual present at the end of Beowulf's poem?
	
	
	
	
	 
	the Sun cerimony
	
	 
	the funeral cerimony
	
	
	the wedding cerimony
	
	
	the harvest cerimony
	
	
	the coronation cerimony
	
	
	
		8.
		Shakespeare is a very well-known poet and play writer. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
	
	
	
	
	
	All Shakespeare´s sonnets were written in the honour of his mother.
	
	
	Each of Shakespeare´s poems deals with political themes, and call the reader´s attention to the reality of the country.
	
	 
	Shakespeare´s sonnets are very different from Shakespeare´s plays, but they do contain dramatic elements and an overall sense of story.
	
	
	They seem to have been dedicated to a young woman, who had killed herself because of her love for the writer.
	
	
	The first of the 526 of the sonnets seem to be addressed to an unnamed young nobleman, whom the speaker hated as well as loved.
	
	
	
	
		1.
		As we have seen in the play, much of Hamlet is concerned with getting behind appearances to the truth of things.
What is prince Hamlet´s attitude to try to find out if his uncle was really to blame for his father´s death?
	
	
	
	
	 
	The prince pretends to be feeble-minded to throw his uncle off guard, so as to kill his uncle in revenge.
	
	
	He tells Laertes Claudius had killed Polonius so that Laertes would kill Claudius.
	
	
	He asks his mother to try to find out if Claudius had really killed his father.
	
	
	He invites Claudius for a sword fighting.
	
	 
	Hamlet tries to lay an ambush so as to kill his uncle.
	
	
	
		2.
		This term suggests any attitude which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests. Developed first in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in Italy, it was marked by a passion for rediscovering and studying ancient literature. It spread to other continental countries and finally to England, where a series of efforts culminated successfully late in the fifteenth century with an enormous optimism about the potential scope of human understanding.
The explanation above is associated with
	
	
	
	
	 
	Renaissance humanism.
	
	
	Romanticism.
	
	
	Realism.
	
	
	Naturalism.
	
	
	Gothic literature.
	
	
	
		3.
		What is a characteristic of the character of prince Hamlet in the play which bears his name?.
	
	
	
	
	 
	Prince Hamlet had been raised to be a King one day. He was used to fighting in battles to conquer new countries.
	
	
	Hamlet was a traitor who wanted to be made King of Denmark.
	
	 
	Shakespeare made his Hamlet a philosophically minded prince
	
	
	Hamlet was a coward, that´s why he delayed taking an action.
	
	
	Prince Hamlet was a scientist at the time he lived.
	
	
	
		4.
		Shakespeare is the subject of innumerable books, written in a whole lot of different languages all over the world. He has been studied exhaustively. Yet , it seems that every now and then, we can find some new aspect of this great writer. What was a common practice during the XVI and XVII centuries in England?
	
	
	
	
	
	Female actresses would play the role of men in tragedies.
	
	
	Playwrights were not taken seriously because they talked about unreal characters in their stories which did not have any appeal to the public.
	
	
	Ladies were not allowed to go to the theatre since plays were considered improper for women.
	
	 
	As was common to practice during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Shakespeare borrowed for his plays ideas and stories from earlier literary works.
	
	 
	It was common to have plays acted in big castles open to the high society as well as to the gentry.
	
	
	
		5.
		Hamlet dramatizes a situation of revenge: Hamlet discovers that his uncle, ________________, married his mother, _________________, shortly after the death of his father, was in fact the author of this death. Choose thecorrect option to the character names.
	
	
	
	
	 
	Claudius and Ophelia
	
	
	Laertes and Gertrude
	
	
	Fortimbrás and Ophelia
	
	
	Polonius and Ophelia
	
	 
	Claudius and Gertrude
	
	
	
		6.
		Who is the character that sets the action on in the play HAMLET?
	
	
	
	
	 
	Prince Hamlet.
	
	
	Gertrude.
	
	 
	The ghost.
	
	
	Claudius.
	
	
	Ophelia.
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		7.
		A good playwright constantly seeks ways to sustain the interest of his audience and to make their time in the theater as stimulating as possible. In Hamlet, Shakespeare introduces uncertainties in the play, which in fact make the play even more interesting.
Which of the following is one of the uncertainties found in the play?
	
	
	
	
	
	Whether Laertes is also involved in the death of the former King of Denmark.
	
	 
	Whether Hamlet´s mother, Gertrude, shares in Claudius´s guilt.
	
	
	Whether the French Prince Fortimbras would ever invade England.
	
	
	Whether Hamlet continues to love Gertrude even as he praises her.
	
	 
	Whether the ghost is the product of the soldiers imagination or not.
	
	
	
		8.
		The power of Hamlet, and, for that matter, of most of Shakespeare´s plays,  derives largely from the power of certain images.
Why did Prince Hamlet decide not to kill Claudius when he finds Claudius alone praying?
Because 
	
	
	
	
	 
	Hamlet believes that killing Claudius while in prayer would send Claudius´s soul to heaven.
	
	
	there was a religious tradition in The Elizabethan Age that nobody could ever be killed while praying because the killer would be condemned to death.
	
	
	Laertes had advised him not to do so.
	
	 
	Gertrude had asked him not to kill Claudius until he could prove Claudius´s guilt.
	
	
	the place was rather dark and Hamlet might not be able to kill Claudius.
	
	
	
		1.
		A serious play with a theme of universal human import, which describes a struggle against insurmountable odds usually ending in death or downfall is classified as a
	
	
	
	
	
	comedy.
	
	
	serio-theatre.
	
	
	movie
	
	
	drama.
	
	 
	tragedy.
	
	
	
		2.
		Making an analysis of the characters in a play help us in literature.
Compare and contrast Hero and Beatrice, characters in Much Ado About Nothing.
	
	
	
	
	 
	 Whereas Hero is polite, quiet, respectful, and gentle, Beatrice is feisty, cynical, witty, and sharp.
	
	
	Beatrice is an idle, eccentric and kindhearted woman and Hero is an old, joyful and illiterate character.
	
	
	 Hero is a clever, sharp and disrespectful young character, while Beatrice is a nice, beautiful and intelligent lady.
	
	
	Both are ambitious characters, but Hero is more ambitious than Beatrice.
	
	
	Hero is charming, fabulous and cynical while Beatrice is  generous, polite and gentle.
	
	
	
		3.
		What can we say about Shakespeare´s comedies?
	
	
	
	
	 
	Shakespeare´s comedies are generally identifiable as being full of fun, irony and dazzling wordplay. They also abound in disguises and mistaken identities with very convoluted plots that are difficult to follow.
	
	
	They were the best example of how a great writer may sometimes confuses himself when he deals with comedies.
	
	 
	Shakespeare was able to turn remarkable comic stories and into resonate with the most fundamental themes and problems of the Renaissance.
	
	
	They may have sounded funny for the XIV century, but one cannot regard them as so nowadays. Shakespeare introduces revenge and philosophical matters in the comedies.
	
	
	They were responsible for his fame once his tragedies did not please the audiences.
	
	
	
		4.
		The Medieval Era began in 476. What historical fact marks its beginning?
	
	
	
	
	
	The fall of the Russian Empire
	
	
	The fall of the English Empire
	
	
	The fall of the Persian Empire
	
	 
	The fall of the Roman Empire
	
	 
	The fall of the Celtic Empire
	
	
	
		5.
		Literature in the Middle Ages was seen as a danger, so its decline during this period is understandable. I In which was based literature of this era?
	
	
	
	
	 
	In the lives of pilgrims.
	
	 
	In Christ's life and in moralistic stories.
	
	
	In the lives of knights.
	
	
	In the building of new churchs.
	
	
	In the lives of poor people.
	
	
	
		6.
		What was a typical characteristic of the early Greek comedy?
	
	
	
	
	 
	Unlike tragedy, the plots didn´t originate in traditional myth and legend, but were the product of the writer´s creative imagination. The main theme was political and social satire.
	
	
	Their main theme was the love between human beings and mythological characters.
	
	
	The plays didn´t give an indirect but valuable insight into Greek society in general or provide details on the workings of political institutions, legal systems, religious practices, education, etc.
	
	 
	Quite similar to the tragedy, the plots had its origin in the traditional myth and legend. Its main theme was human relationship, mainly concerning love.
	
	
	It never gave much value to irony and legends were disregarded.
	
	
	
		7.
		Shakespeare became well known as a poet and as a play writer.
Which play is considered to be one of the best Shakespeare´s comedy?
	
	
	
	
	 
	 Hamlet.
	
	
	Romeo and Juliet.
	
	
	 Othelo.
	
	
	Two gentlemen of Verona.
	
	 
	Much Ado About Nothing .
	 Gabarito Comentado
	
	
		8.
		As opposed to tragedies, comedies typically focus on ______ people.
	
	
	
	
	
	flawed
	
	 
	ordinary
	
	
	ugly
	
	
	evil
	
	
	powerful
	
		1.
		Concerning John Milton, one can say that ...
	
	
	
	
	 
	He wrote sonnets in Italian as a teenager. While a student at Cambridge, he was invited to address a speech written entirely in Latin.
	
	
	By the age of thirty, Milton had made himself into one of the most brilliant minds of England, however none of his novels turned into a best seller.
	
	 
	By the age of thirty, Milton was one of the most ambitious poets Germany had ever produced.
	
	
	Even though he enjoyed reading the classics in Greek and Latin and learning new theories in mathematics and music, he was never recognized as a great writer.
	
	
	He appreciated writing tragedies and his most famous one is Heaven Lost
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		2.
		John Milton was a very famous poet in English literature. Why did John Milton fight for more leniency in the church's position on divorce? Because
	
	
	
	
	
	he believed that a couple should be together only if they had young children.
	
	
	his parents wanted to be divorced and never got the legal right to do that.
	
	 
	his marriage to Mary Powell did not last long. She abandoned him.
	
	 
	he was in favor of the old rules established by the church.
	
	
	he wanted to get married to another man.
	
	
	
		3.
		The mid seventeenth-century was a time of great social and cultural turmoil. Milton was an activist in his middle years, fighting for human rights. How did Milton express his political ideas?
	
	
	
	
	 
	Knowing he was not a fighter, he demonstrated his activism by writing lengthy, rhetorical pamphlets that thoroughly and rigorously argue for his point of view - against the rule of England´s leaders, whom he believedwere inept.
	
	
	As Milton was a fervorous Catholic, he fought for human rights by giving lectures at different Catholic churches throughout the country.
	
	
	By means of his musical creation since he was an accomplished musician.
	
	 
	By promoting meetings of philosophers at the Universities  to fight for communism.
	
	
	As a product of Renaissance England, Milton expressed his political ideas by means of his paintings.
	
	
	
		4.
		Milton is often spoken of as the last Renaissance man. At the same time he had his political views. Which were John Milton´s political ideals?
	
	
	
	
	
	He claimed we all needed to be ruled by a benign God in the manner of an earthly King. As God´s forces prove superior, the King, as a representative of God, ought to be obeyed by his subjects.
	
	 
	He exalted God´s forces and was definitely anyone who didn´t believe in God.
	
	
	Milton´s poetry and prose reflect deep personal convictions, a passion for peace. He was against political turbulence and defended the King´s rights.
	
	 
	He championed the absolute freedom of the individual, he believed that power corrupted human beings. He distrusted anyone who could claim power over anyone else, and believed that rulers should have to prove their right to lead other people.
	
	
	As he believed in God, he adopted a traditional political view about how to rule the world, following rules dictated by the Church.
	
	
	
		5.
		John Milton was nearly thirty and he had already established his reputation as a young man of letters, and with it, he gained entrance into the circles of the most learned men in Europe.
How did he build such a firm poetic foundation?
	
	
	
	
	 
	Through his intense study of languages, philosophy, and politics, and fused it with his uncanny sense of tone and diction.
	
	
	As a result of his faith in God, his literary output was believed to have been granted by God.
	
	
	Not only did he go to the best schools but was on the side of the King and the Church of England.
	
	
	In his twenties, Milton wrote three masterful long poems, each of them influential and important in its own separate way: The Wanderer, which talked about a man in search for God, L´Allegro, in which Milton described the birth of Melancholy and Il Penseroso, in which he dealt with country pleasures.
	
	 
	He studied at Harward University in the U.S.A.
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		6.
		How does Milton begin his famous Paradise Lost?
	
	
	
	
	
	By telling the readers they are going to be reading about the creation of Heaven and Hell.
	
	 
	By stating that his subject will be Adam and Eve´s disobedience and fall from grace.
	
	
	By presenting images of the fresh English countryside.
	
	 
	By introducing Galileo´s theories as a means of preparing the reader for the development of the poem.
	
	
	By presenting mythological characters in an idealized setting for the development of a romantic theme.
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		7.
		John Milton´s view on marriage
	
	
	
	
	
	alluded to biblical passages that identify man as the master of woman.
	
	 
	expressed his belief that any sort of incompatibility: sexual, mental, or otherwise, is justified grounds for a divorce.
	
	 
	is not mentioned in any books about him.
	
	
	was typical of the period of time he lived.
	
	
	saw women as inferior to men, believing that wives should be subservient to their husbands.
	
	
	
		8.
		Considered one of the great poets of the English language, Geoffrey Chaucer was born around _________, in ______________, although the exact date and place of his birth are not known.
 Choose the correct answer.
	
	
	
	
	
	1443 / Cambridge
	
	 
	1343 / London
	
	
	1437 / Edinburgh
	
	
	1398 / Aberdeen
	
	 
	1436 / Birmingham
	
	
	
		1.
		Geoffrey Chaucer was taken in prisoner in Europe in 1353. In which country?
	
	
	
	
	 
	France
	
	
	Italy
	
	
	Germany
	
	
	Spain
	
	
	Austria
	
	
	
		2.
		Shakespeare began his literary career by reviewing and disseminating texts of other authors. He had a company called:
	
	
	
	
	 
	The Chamberlain's Men
	
	 
	The Shakespeare's Men
	
	
	The Queen's Writers
	
	
	The Chamberlain's Writers
	
	
	The Queen's Men
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		3.
		The commitment to careful observation and description of phenomena as the starting point of science, and then the success at explaining and accounting for observed phenomena through the method of induction, naturally leads to the development of new sciences for new domains in the Enlightenment. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Which relevant event borrowed ideas from Enlightenment themes?
	
	
	
	
	
	The exploration of the world's seas which opened world-wide oceanic trade routes.
	
	 
	The Protestant Reformation which gave a major blow to the authority of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church.
	
	 
	The U.S. Declaration of Independence.
	
	
	The building of The Globe Theatre in London, a place where playwriting could expose their ideas freely.
	
	
	World War II.
	
	
	
		4.
		In literature, there are different literary genres.
What was the Romantic Era like?
	
	
	
	
	
	 It was a period of time in which skeptics questioned whether human society could really be perfected through the use of reason and denied the ability of rational thought to reveal universal truths.
	
	 
	 It was an era that would be defined by an emphasis on emotion and instinct instead of reason.
	
	
	 It was a period of time in which poets only talked about love between a man and a woman.
	
	
	 It was a period of time in which the stories were based on love, mainly in the relationship between a man and a woman, who would get to be emotionally involved, get married and live happily forever after.
	
	
	 It was an era in which reason was given its proper value associated  with  intellectual and emotion found in the language of lovers.
	
	
	
		5.
		READ the text below:
European politics, philosophy, science and communications were radically reoriented during the course of the long 18th century (1685-1815) as part of a movement referred to by its participants as the Age of Reason, or simply the Enlightenment. Enlightenment thinkers in Britain, in France and throughout Europe questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change.
(www.history.com)
►Who was the first major Enlightenment figure in England?
	
	
	
	
	 
	Thomas Hobbes.
	
	
	Voltaire.
	
	
	 John Locke.
	
	 
	James II.
	
	
	 Renee Descartes.
	
	
	
		6.
		According to The Oxford dictionary, society is´ The community of people living in a particular country or region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations´.
What was society like in England in the beginning of the XVIII century?
	
	
	
	
	 
	British society was stratified in the 18th century and in contrast to the gentry, the aristocracy lost much of the political and financial influence it had wielded since the days of the Tudor monarchs.
	
	 
	Society was highly hierarchical and serfdom was a widespread practice. There was no personal liberty or rights, mainly for the gentry.
	
	
	Society changed as a result of the Enlightenment which transformed the Western world into an intelligent and self-aware civilization and women were finally accepted at Universities andallowed to work not only as teachers and housekeepers but also as writers, doctors, and any other sort of occupation they applied for.
	
	
	Society still kept the same values of the previous century, but serfdom had already been abolished and landowners were forced to pay high salaries to their servants.
	
	
	Society was depicted from the eyes of a narrow stratum of the upper-middle class and the nobility. Rules were established by the Church and soon social distinctions started disappearing.
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		7.
		French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789 was the revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax in 1789.
What was one of the consequences of the French Revolution?
	
	
	
	
	
	The French monarchy became stronger and the gentry were severely punished.
	
	 
	The French citizenry overthrew the monarchy of Louis XVI and established a representative government that was directly inspired by the Enlightenment.
	
	
	The philosophers, who advocated social and political reform, took over the government and turned the country into a fascism.
	
	
	The increasingly prosperous elite of wealthy commoners like merchants, manufacturers, and professionals which were representatives of the ancient regime in France decided to turn France into a communist country.
	
	 
	The French Revolution led to crop failures in much of the country, coming on top of a long period of economic difficulties, turned the monarchs into particularly restless rulers.
	
	
	
		8.
		Which of the characteristics below IS NOT applicable to the Enlightenment?
	
	
	
	
	
	The Enlightenment was a philosophical, cultural and social movement which spread through Europe in the XVIII century.
	
	 
	The characteristics of the Enlightenment are a skepticism towards the doctrines of the church, individualism, a belief in science and the experimental method, the use of reason, among others.
	
	
	The Enlightenment represented a departure from the Middle Ages.
	
	
	The Enlightenment was also an intellectual movement which took place in different European countries in the 1700s enabled by the Scientific Revolution which had begun as early as the 1500s.
	
	 
	The Enlightenment was marked by religious devotion and immeasurable cruelty by the Church.

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