Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed

www.allitebooks.com UNLEASHED 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Andrew Hudson P aul Hudson U b u ntu 7 .10 Linux ® www.allitebooks.com Ubuntu 7.10 Linux ® Unleashed Copyright © 2008 b y Sams Publishing All rights reser ved. No par t of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by an y means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher . No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although ever y precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-10: 0-672-32969-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-672-32969-2 Librar y of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data is on file. Printed in the United States of America Fir st Printing: December 2007 T rademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademar ks or ser vice marks have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this infor- mation. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or ser vice mar k. W arning and Disclaimer Ever y effor t has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied. The information provided is on an \u201cas is\u201d basis. The author(s) and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to an y person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the DVD or programs accompan ying it. Bulk Sales Sams Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact U.S. Corporate and Government Sales 1-800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside of the U.S., please contact International Sales international@pearsoned.com Acquisitions Editor Mark T aber Development Editor Michael Thurston Managing Editor Patrick Kanouse Project Editor Seth Kerney Proofreader W ater Crest Publishing T echnical Editor Dallas Releford Publishing Coordinator V anessa Evans Multimedia Developer Dan Scherf Book Designer Gar y Adair www.allitebooks.com Contents at a Glance Introduction ................................................................................... 1 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu ............................................................................ 9 2 Post-Installation Configuration ........................................................ 23 3 W orking with Gnome ..................................................................... 49 4 Command Line Quickstart ............................................................... 71 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 5 On the Internet ............................................................................ 105 6 Productivity Applications ............................................................... 123 7 Multimedia Applications ............................................................... 143 8 Printing with Ubuntu .................................................................... 171 9 Games ........................................................................................ 183 Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users ........................................................................... 195 11 Automating T asks ......................................................................... 219 12 System-Monitoring T ools ............................................................... 275 13 Backing Up .................................................................................. 287 14 Networking ................................................................................. 311 15 Remote Access with SSH and T elnet ................................................. 355 Part IV Ubuntu As a Ser ver 16 File and Print ............................................................................... 365 17 Apache W eb Server Management .................................................... 391 18 Remote File Serving with FTP ......................................................... 423 19 Handling Electronic Mail ............................................................... 457 20 Proxying and Reverse Proxying ....................................................... 475 21 Administering Database Services ..................................................... 485 22 LDAP .......................................................................................... 513 www.allitebooks.com Part V Programming Linux 23 Using Perl ................................................................................... 525 24 W orking with Python .................................................................... 547 25 W riting PHP Scripts ...................................................................... 565 26 C/C++ Programming T ools for Ubuntu ............................................. 599 27 Mono ......................................................................................... 611 Part VI Ubuntu Housekeeping 28 Securing Y our Machines ................................................................ 625 29 Performance T uning ...................................................................... 637 30 Command Line Masterclass ............................................................ 649 31 Managing Software ....................................................................... 677 32 Kernel and Module Management .................................................... 689 Part VII Appendixes A Ubuntu Under the Hood ............................................................... 715 B Installation Resources .................................................................... 725 C Ubuntu and Linux Internet Resources .............................................. 747 Index ......................................................................................... 757 www.allitebooks.com T able of Contents Introduction 1 Licensing ........................................................................................ 2 Who This Book Is For ....................................................................... 3 What This Book Contains ................................................................. 3 Conventions Used in This Book ......................................................... 5 Part I Installation and Configuration 1 Installing Ubuntu 9 Before Y ou Begin the Installation ........................................................ 9 Research Y our Hardware Specifications ....................................... 10 Installation Options ................................................................ 10 Planning Partition Strategies .................................................... 10 The Boot Loader ..................................................................... 11 Installing from CD or DVD ...................................................... 11 Step-by-Step Installation .................................................................. 12 Starting the Install .................................................................. 12 First Update ........................................................................... 19 Shutting Down .............................................................................. 21 Reference ...................................................................................... 21 2 P ost-Installation Configuration 23 T roubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems .................... 24 The sudo command ........................................................................ 25 First Update .................................................................................. 26 Configuring Software Repositories ..................................................... 28 Installing Graphics Drivers .............................................................. 30 Changing Ubuntu\u2019 s Look and Feel .................................................... 31 Changing the Desktop Background ........................................... 31 Changing Colors .................................................................... 31 Modifying System Fonts .......................................................... 33 Changing How Menus Look ..................................................... 33 Visual Effects ......................................................................... 34 Preferred Behaviors ......................................................................... 35 Preferred Applications ............................................................. 35 Removable Drives and Media ................................................... 36 www.allitebooks.com Input Devices ................................................................................ 37 Keyboard Shortcuts ................................................................. 37 Keyboard Layout .................................................................... 37 Mouse .................................................................................. 39 Detecting and Configuring a Modem ................................................ 39 Configuring a Serial-Port Modem .............................................. 39 Configuring W inModems for Laptops ........................................ 40 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu ....................................... 41 Resetting the Date and Time ............................................................ 42 Using the date Command ....................................................... 42 Using the hwclock Command ................................................... 43 Changing the Time and Date ................................................... 43 Configuring and Using CD, DVD, and CD-RW Drives .......................... 44 Checking Drive Assignment ..................................................... 44 Configuring W ireless Networks ......................................................... 46 Configuring Firestarter .................................................................... 47 Reference ...................................................................................... 48 3 W or king with Gnome 49 The Gnome Desktop Environment .................................................... 50 Gnome: The GNU Network Object Model Environment ............... 50 Eye Candy for the Masses ................................................................ 52 Basic X Concepts ........................................................................... 53 Using X ........................................................................................ 54 Elements of the xorg.conf File ................................................. 55 Configuring X ....................................................................... 60 Starting X ..................................................................................... 63 Using a Display Manager ......................................................... 63 Changing W indow Managers ................................................... 66 KDE\u2014The Other Environment ......................................................... 68 XFce ............................................................................................ 69 Reference ...................................................................................... 70 4 Command Line Quickstar t 71 What Is the Command Line? ........................................................... 71 Navigating Through the File System .......................................... 74 Managing Files with the Shell ................................................... 76 W orking with Compressed Files ................................................ 77 Use Essential Commands from the /bin and /sbin Directories ....... 78 Use and Edit Files in the /etc Directory ..................................... 78 Protect the Contents of User Directories\u2014 /home .......................... 79 Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed vi www.allitebooks.com Use the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel ........................................................................... 79 W ork with Shared Data in the /usr Directory .............................. 81 T emporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory .............................. 81 Access V ariable Data Files in the /var Director y ........................... 81 Logging In to and W orking with Linux .............................................. 81 T ext-Based Console Login ........................................................ 82 Logging Out .......................................................................... 82 Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer ............................ 82 Using Environment V ariables ................................................... 83 Using the T ext Editors ..................................................................... 87 W orking with vi .................................................................... 88 W orking with emacs ................................................................ 89 W orking with Permissions ............................................................... 90 Assigning Permissions ............................................................. 91 Directory Permissions ............................................................. 92 Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions ............. 94 W orking as Root ............................................................................ 96 Creating Users ....................................................................... 97 Deleting Users ....................................................................... 98 Shutting Down the System ...................................................... 98 Rebooting the System ............................................................. 99 Reading Documentation .................................................................. 99 Using Man Pages .................................................................. 100 Reference .................................................................................... 102 Part II Desktop Ubuntu 5 On the Internet 105 Getting Started with Firefox ........................................................... 106 Choosing an Email Client .............................................................. 107 Evolution ............................................................................ 108 Mozilla Thunderbird ............................................................. 111 KMail ................................................................................. 112 Other Mail Clients ................................................................ 112 RSS Readers ................................................................................. 113 Firefox ................................................................................ 113 Liferea ................................................................................ 114 Instant Messaging with Pidgin ........................................................ 114 Internet Relay Chat ...................................................................... 115 Usenet Network Newsgroups .......................................................... 117 The Pan News Client Newsreader .................................................... 119 Contents vii www.allitebooks.com Videoconferencing with Ekiga ........................................................ 120 Reference .................................................................................... 122 6 Productivity Applications 123 Introducing OpenOffice.org ........................................................... 124 Configuring OpenOffice.org ................................................... 126 W orking with OpenOffice.org W riter ....................................... 127 W orking with OpenOffice.org Calc .......................................... 130 Office Suites for Ubuntu ................................................................ 135 W orking with Gnome Office ................................................... 136 W orking with KOffice ............................................................ 139 Productivity Applications W ritten for Microsoft Windows ................... 141 Reference .................................................................................... 142 7 Multimedia Applications 143 Listening to Music ........................................................................ 143 Graphics Manipulation .................................................................. 146 The GNU Image Manipulation Program ................................... 146 Using Scanners in Ubuntu ...................................................... 147 W orking with Graphics Formats .............................................. 148 Capturing Screen Images ........................................................ 150 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu ................................................ 150 Handheld Digital Cameras ..................................................... 151 Using F-Spot ........................................................................ 152 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu .................................................. 154 Creating CDs and DVDs with Ubuntu\u2019 s Graphical Clients ........... 155 Creating CDs from the Command Line .................................... 157 Creating DVDs from the Command Line .................................. 159 Sound and Music ......................................................................... 161 Sound Cards ........................................................................ 161 Adjusting V olume ................................................................. 162 Sound Formats ..................................................................... 162 Viewing V ideo ............................................................................. 164 TV and Video Hardware ......................................................... 164 Video Formats ...................................................................... 167 Viewing V ideo in Linux ......................................................... 167 Personal Video Recorders ....................................................... 168 DVD and Video Players .......................................................... 169 Reference .................................................................................... 169 Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed viii www.allitebooks.com 8 Printing with Ubuntu 171 Overview of Ubuntu Printing ......................................................... 171 Configuring and Managing Print Services ......................................... 173 GUI-Based Printer Configuration Quickstart .............................. 174 Managing Printing Services .................................................... 174 Creating and Configuring Local Printers ........................................... 176 Creating the Print Queue ....................................................... 177 Editing Printer Settings .......................................................... 180 Reference .................................................................................... 182 9 Games 183 Linux Gaming ............................................................................. 183 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers ......................................... 184 Installing Games in Ubuntu ........................................................... 186 DOOM 3 ............................................................................. 186 Unreal T ournament 2004 ....................................................... 187 Quake 4 .............................................................................. 188 W olfenstein: Enemy T erritory ................................................. 188 Battle for W esnoth ................................................................ 190 Playing W indows Games with Cedega .............................................. 190 Reference .................................................................................... 191 Part III System Administration 10 Managing Users 195 User Accounts .............................................................................. 195 The Super User/Root User ...................................................... 196 User IDs and Group IDs ......................................................... 198 File Permissions .................................................................... 198 Managing Groups ......................................................................... 199 Group Management T ools ...................................................... 200 Managing Users ........................................................................... 202 User Management T ools ......................................................... 202 Adding New Users ................................................................ 203 Monitoring User Activity on the System ................................... 204 Managing Passwords ..................................................................... 206 System Password Policy ......................................................... 206 The Password File ................................................................. 206 Shadow Passwords ................................................................ 207 Managing Password Security for Users ...................................... 209 Changing Passwords in a Batch ............................................... 210 Contents ix www.allitebooks.com

Ubuntu 7.10 Linux Unleashed

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