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AD-759 115
ATLAS OF GOAT ANATOMY. PART Ill. MYOLOGY
Clarence E. Hopkins, et al
Edgewood Arsenal
Edgewood, Maryland
April 1973
I
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EDGEWOOD ARSENAL
TECHNICAL REPORT
EATR 4706
ATLAS OF GOAT ANATOMY
PART III: M.YOLOGY
by
Clarence E. Hopkins, Sr.
Thomas E. Hamm, Jr., CPT, VC
Gary L. Leppart
Biomedical Laboratory
D IDC
April 1973 MAY 1 1J fl
Reproduced by
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INFORMATION SERVICE
U S Department of Commerce
Springfleld VA 22151
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Headquarters, Edgewood Arsenal
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010
Approved for public release; distributio . unlimited.
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Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator.
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(Security Classification of tilfe, body of abstract and Indexing annotation musl be enterted when tho overall repot Is classulle
I-.ORIGINATING ACTIVITY (Corporate author) 20. REPORT sCURITrY CLASSIFICATIONCommander, Edgewood Arsenal UNCLASSIFIED
Attn: SMUEA-BL-BB 2b. GROUP
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010 NA
3. REPORT TITLE
ATLAS OF GOAT ANATOMY. PART III: MYOLOGY
4. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type of report and lnctuelve date&)
This work was started in July 197 i and comp~leted in August 1972.
S. AUTHOR(S) (Fife InaKo. iddle Iniltil, laat name)
Clarence E. Hopkins, Sr., Thomas E. Hamm, and Gary L. Leppart
6. REPORT DATE 7&. TOTAL NO. OF PACE 7b. NO. Of fthFS
April 1973 _______________39 6
e.CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. S.ORIGINATOR'S RE.PORT NUMV)ERIS)
h. PROJECT NO. 1TO6I1OIA91AIS EATR 4706
C. S9b. OTHER REPORT NOMS (Any oterc r bota Meat PAW be aect ned
thie report)
d.
10. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 1-kPNOIGMILITARY ACTIVITY
In-house laboratory independent research 1 2~OSRN
13. ABSTRACT
~~The Angora goat (Capra Ijircus) has been the main experimental animal used bv the Biophysics
Division for many years. Knowledge of goat anatomy is important during both the plail., ,:g and experimental
stages of projects. Because no readily usable information on goat anatomy is available, a series of reports on
the subject is being prepared. The first in the series described the skeletal anatomy. The second in the series
described the anatomy of serial cross sections. The present report, Part III, Myology, describes the muscles
on superficial and deep dissection of the head, neck, and pector and pelvic limbs. Part IV, Internal Organs,
which will describe the major organs and its structures, is near *mpletion.
14. KEYWORDS
Myology
Goat Atlas
Superficial dissection
Deep dissecton
Head
Neck
4 Thoracic
Pectoral limbs
Pelvic limbs
Musculature
AinI~~ 1415.. JAN d ~P*
M TV .411473g U P0 ADrMY USI UNCLASSIFIED
4,tit /isicto
EDGEWOOD ARSENAL TECHNICAL REPORT
EATR 4704
JI
ATLAS OF GOAT ANATOMY
PART III: MYOLOGY
by
Clarence E. Hopkins, Sr.
Thomas E. Hamm, Jr., CPT, VC
Gary L. Leppart
Biophysics Diision
Biomedical Laboratory
*April 1973
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
Task 1T061101A91 AIS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
Headquarters, Edgewood Arsenal
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010
" ....I
FOREWORD
The work described in this report was authorized under Task I T061101 A9 1 AI,
In-House Laboratory Independent Research. This work was started in July 1971 and completed in
August 1972.
In conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the
"Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care," as promulgated by the Committee on the Guide
for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council.
Reproduction of tiis document in whole or in part is prohibited except with
permission of the Commander, Edgewood Arsenal, Attn: SMUEA-TS-R, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland 21010; however, DDC and the National Technical Information Service are authorized to
reproduce the document for US Governnent purposes.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of John Holter, Joseph
B. Scott, and Garnet Affleck, Jr., Biophysics Division, who performed the photographic
procedures.
2
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CONTENTS
Page
I. INTRODUCTION .......... ....................... 7
I. MATERIALS AND METHODS ....... ................ 7
Ill. SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP DISSECTIONS ...... .............. 9
LITERATURE CITED ....... ...................... ... 35
DISTRIBUTION LIST ....... ...................... ... 37
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
I Goat Suspended in Metal Frame ....... ................... 7
2 Superficial Musculature of the Domestic Goat (Left Lateral View) ......... 9
3 Superficial Dissection of Face (Left Lateral View) ..... ............ 10
4 Deeper Dissection of Face (Left Lateral View) ..... ............. 11
5 Deepest Dissection of Face (Left Lateral View) ..... ............. 12
6 Superficial Dissection of Neck and Thoracic Region (Right Lateral View) . . 13
7 Deep Dissection of Neck and Thoracic Region (M Trapezius and M Brachio-
cephalicus Removed) (Right Lateral View) ...... .............. 14
8 Deeper Dissection of Neck and Thoracic Region (Right Lateral View) .... 15
9 Deeper Dissection of Neck and Thoracic Region (Right Lateral View) .... 16
$ 10 Deepest Dissection of Neck and Thoracic Region (Right Lateral View) .... 17
11 Superficial Dissection of Head and Neck (Ventral Aspect) .... ......... 18
12 Deeper Dissection of Head and Neck (Ventral Aspect) .... .......... !9
13 Deepest Dissection of Head and Neck (Ventral Aspect) ............ ... 20
14 Superficial Dissection of Right Pectoral Limb (Medial View) .......... ... 21
5t
CONTENTS (Contd)
gure Page
15 Deep Dissection of Right Pectoral Limb (Medial View) ............ .... 22
16 Deeper Dissection of Right Pectoral Limb (Medial View) .. ......... ... 23
17 Deeper Dissection of Right Pectoral Limb (Medial View) .... .... ..... 24
18 Deepest Dissection of Right Pectoral Limb (Medial View) .... ......... 25
19 Superficial Dissection of Right Pectoral Limb (Lateral View) . ..... 26
20 Deeper Dissection of Right Pectoral Limb (Lateral View) .......... .... 27
21 Superficial Dissection of Left Pelvic Limb (Medial View) .. ......... ... 28
22 Deep Dissection of Left Pelvic Limb (Medial View) ... ......... 29
23 Deeper Dissection (Still) of Left Pelvic Limb (Medial View) .... ........ 30
24 Deepest Dissection of Left Pelvic Limb (Medial View) .. .......... ... 31
25 Superficial Dissection of Left Pelvic Limb (Lateral View) .......... .... 32
26 Deeper Dissection of Left Pelvic Limb (Lateral View) .............. ... 33
27 Deepest Dissection of Left Pelvic Limb (Lateral'View) ..... .......... 34
6
6
_____+___-__, _ ___r, - ... . ..- - - . -. . v+ "
ATLAS OF GOAT ANATOMY
PART III: MYOLOGY
I. INTRODUCTION.
The Angora goat (Capra hircus) has been the main experimental animal u- d by the
Biophysics Division, Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland, for many years. Knowledge of goat anatomy is
important during both the planning and experimental stages of projects. Because no readily usable
information on goat anatomy is available, a series of reports on the subject is being prepared. The
first in the series I described the skeletal anatomy. The second in the series2 described the crosssections of the Angora goat. The present report concerns the muscles on superficial and deep
dissection of the head, neck, and pectoral and pelvic limbs of the Angora goat. Part IV, Internal
Organs, which will describe the structures'of each organ, is near completion.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS.
Three castrated Angora goats were used for dissecting purposes. Each goat was
anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The goat was then suspended in a metal frame by ropes
attached to the horns, tail, and nuchal ligaments with its feet just touching the floor of the frame
(figure 1). This was done so that the goat would not be distorted. 2
Figure 1. Goat Suspended in Metal Frame
1 Hopkins, Circnc E., Sr., Hamm, Thomas, E., Jr., and Leppart, Gary L. EATR 4431. Atlas of Goat Anatomy. Part
:I Osteology. September 1970. UNCLASSIFIED Report.
2 Hopkins, Clarence E., Sr., Hamm, Thomas E., Jr., and Leppart, Gary L. EATR 4626. Atlas of Goat Anatomy. Part II: Serial
Cross Sections. April 1972. UNCLASSIFIED Repert.
7
'The goat was then exsanguinated through a polyethylene cannula (0.106-inch ID)
placed in the carotid artery. The body was perfused with 12,000 ml of formalin solution passing
through a gravity flow system from a stand 10 feet above the floor. This fluid was allowed to flow
slowly through the system until the exiting fluid had a distinct odor of formalin.
The goat remained in the frame at room temperature until the next day. At that time
the animal was dissected. After the skin was removed, each muscle was dissectc,l and drawn. A total
of 26 drawings was made while the dissection was taking place (figures 2 through 27).
The nomenclature prescribed in Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria3 was used for labeling
the drawings. The anatomy books of Sisson and Grossman4 and May5 and the excellent book by
Miller et a. 6 were also used as references during preparation of this atlas.
.1
3 Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Deparlment of Anatomy, New York State Veterinary College, Ithaca, New York. 1968.
4 Sisson, S., and Grossman, 1. D. Anatomy of Domestic Animals. 4th Ed. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1953.
5 May, N. Anatomy of Sheep. 2d Ed. University of Queensland Press, Wilke Company, Australia. 1964.
6 Miller, M. E., Christensen, G. C., and Evans, H. E. Anatomy of Dog. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. 1964.
8
II. SUPE~RFICIAL AND DEEP DISSECTIONS.
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LITERATURE CITED
I. Hopkins, Clarence E., Sr., Hamm, Thomas E., Jr., and Leppart, Gary. L.
EATR 4431. Atlas of Goat Anatomy. Part I: Osteology. September 1970. UNCLASSIFIED
Report.
17 Hopkins, Clarence E., Sr., Hamm, Thomas E., Jr., and Leppart, Gary L.
EATR 4626. Atlas of Goat Anatomy. Part II: Srial Cross Sections. April 1972.
UNCLASSIFIED Report.
3. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. Departmert of Anatomy, New York State
Veterinary College, Ithaca, New York. 1968.
4. Sisson, S., and Grossman, J. D. Anatomy of Domestic Animals. 4th Ed.
W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1953.
5.. May, N. Anatomy of Sheep. 2d Ed. University of Queensland Press, Wilke
Company, Australia. 1964.
6. Miller, M. E., Christensen, G. C., and Evans, H. E. Anatomy of Dog.
W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 1964.
35