ENGLISH WORK 9º ANO

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ENGLISH WORK
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TEXT 1. Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the UK's second largest and most ethnically diverse city and continues to be considered the country's "second city". The City of Birmingham has a population of 992,100 (2003 estimate); the Birmingham metropolitan area (the West Midlands county) has a population of 2,575,768. More than five million people live in the surrounding region.
The city is commonly known by its nickname Brum (from the local name Brummagem), and its people as Brummies. Birmingham is home to the distinctive Brummie accent and dialect.
Birmingham is one of the most culturally diverse cities in the UK, with large populations from the Caribbean and Indian subcontinent: according to the 2001 census, 25.6% of the population of Birmingham is non-white. The city hosts the largest number (140033) of Muslims in Britain, with regard to the percentage (14,3) it ranks sixth among the country's local authorities. Birmingham also has a large Irish community, and the city hosts the third largest St. Patrick's Day parade in the world, after Dublin and New York. Birmingham's balti restaurants produce some of the finest 'Indian' cuisine in the UK.
About 22 million people visit Birmingham every year and the city was voted second best place to shop in England 2004 after the West End of London. Its top attractions include Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, Millennium Point, Bull Ring, Selfridges Building, Cadbury World, Tolkien Trail, Birmingham Royal Ballet, and the National Sea Life Centre.
Birmingham has 35 miles (60 km) of canals within the city boundaries, of which most are navigable; the canals were once the lifeblood of the city's industries during the Industrial Revolution but are now used mainly for pleasure. It is often quoted that Birmingham has more miles of canal than Venice. This is in fact true (Venice has 26 miles) although Birmingham is much larger than Venice.
TEXT 2. Cardiff
Cardiff is the capital and largest city of Wales. Located on the south coast of the country it is administered as a unitary authority. It is in the historic county of Glamorgan and is recognised as one of the more appealing cities in the UK.
It was a small town until the early nineteenth century and came to prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region. It eventually grew to become the largest city in Wales and serves as a major centre of culture, sport and history in the United Kingdom.
Cardiff was made a city in 1905, and proclaimed capital of Wales in 1955. Today, it is the 14th largest city in the United Kingdom. Cardiff Urban Area includes most of the city, along with the adjoining settlements of Dinas Powys, Penarth and Radyr, and is the 21st largest urban area in the UK.
TEXT 3. Coventry
Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. With a population of 304,746 (2002 estimate), Coventry is the ninth largest city in England.
Coventry has long been a centre of motor and cycle manufacturing, dating back from 1896, the car and cycle industry has been a strong centre point for this town. Starting out with some less familiar names such as Coventry Motette, Great Horseless Carriage Co, Swift and more familiar names like Humber, Riley and Daimler and the Triumph motorcycle having its origins in 1902 in a Coventry factory. Although the motor industry has declined, the Jaguar company has its headquarters and a factory in the city, and a large Peugeot car factory is located in Ryton just outside the city. The famous London black cab taxis are also produced in Coventry by LTI.
Coventry's main industries include: cars, electronic equipment, machine tools, agricultural machinery, man-made fibres, aerospace components and telecommunications equipment.
Coventry is becoming increasingly important as a university city, being the home of the University of Warwick and Coventry University. It is also home to the Coventry Transport Museum, where the world speed record breaking cars, Thrust2 and ThrustSSC are displayed.
On the 14th November 1940 during World War II, large areas of the city, including its cathedral, were destroyed in a massive German bombing raid and in later raids. The rebuilt Coventry Cathedral was opened in 1962 next to the ruins of the old. It was designed by Basil Spence and contains the tapestry, "Christ in Majesty" by Graham Sutherland and the bronze statue of St Michael and the Devil by Jacob Epstein. Benjamin Britten's War Requiem, regarded by some as his masterpiece, was written for the opening of the new Cathedral.
Coventry's most famous resident was Lady Godiva, who according to legend, rode through the city naked on horseback (actually, she likely rode the horse bareback, not barenaked), in protest at high taxes being waged on the cityfolk by her husband Leofric. According to the legend, the residents of the city were asked to look away as she rode, but one man didn't and was allegedly struck blind, he became known as Peeping Tom thus originating the term. There is a statue of her in the city centre.
In football Coventry is represented by Coventry City F.C. who in May of 1987 won the FA Cup to bring the cup home.
TEXT 4. English Language
English is a West Germanic language originating in England, and the first language for most people in Australia, Canada, the Commonwealth Caribbean, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (also commonly known as the Anglosphere). It is used extensively as a second language and as an official language throughout the world, especially in Commonwealth countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and South Africa, and in many international organisations.
Modern English is sometimes described as the global lingua franca. English is the dominant international language in communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomacy. The influence of the British Empire is the primary reason for the initial spread of the language far beyond the British Isles. Following World War II, the growing economic and cultural influence of the United States has significantly accelerated the spread of the language. On an average school day approximately one billion people are learning English in one form or another.
A working knowledge of English is required in certain fields, professions, and occupations. As a result over a billion people speak English at least at a basic level. English is one of six official languages of the United Nations.
TEXT 5. Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall was a defensive fortification in Roman Britain. Begun in AD 122, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain, the second being the Antonine Wall, lesser known of the two because its physical remains are less evident today.
The wall was the most heavily fortified border in the Empire. In addition to its role as a military fortification, it is thought that many of the gates through the wall would have served as customs posts to allow trade and levy taxation.
A significant portion of the wall still exists, particularly the mid-section, and for much of its length the wall can be followed on foot by Hadrian's Wall Path or by cycle on National Cycle Route 72. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern England. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. English Heritage, a government organisation in charge of managing the historic environment of England, describes it as "the most important monument built by the Romans in Britain".
Hadrian's Wall was 80 Roman miles (73 statute miles or 120 km) long, its width and height dependent on the construction materials which were available nearby. East of River Irthing the wall was made from squared stone and measured 3 metres (9.7 ft) wide and five to six metres (16–20ft) high, while west of the river the wall was made from turf and measured 6 metres (20 ft) wide and 3.5 metres (11.5 ft) high. This does not include the wall's ditches, berms and forts. The central section measured eight Roman feet wide (7.8 ft or 2.4 m) on a 10-foot (3.0 m) base. Some parts of this section of the wall survive to a height of 10 feet (3.0 m).
TEXT 6. Lake District
The Lake District National Park is one of fourteen National parks in the United Kingdom. It lies entirely within Cumbria, and is one of England's few mountainous regions. All the land in England higher than three thousand feet above sea level lies within the Park. The Lakes, as the region is also called, were made famous during the early 19th century by the poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the Lake Poets.
The Lake District is about 34 miles (55 km) across (north-to-south or west-to-east). Its features are a result of periods of glaciation, the most recent of which ended some 15000 years ago. The ice carved wide U-shaped valleys, many of which are now filled with the lakes that give the park its name. The upper regions contain a number of glacial cirques, which are typically filled with tarns. The higher fells are rocky, with lower fells being open moorland, notable for its wide bracken and heather coverage. Below the tree line native oak woodlands sit alongside nineteenth century pine plantations. Much of the land is often boggy, due to the high rainfall.
TEXT 7. Liverpool
LiverpoolLiverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside in north west England, on the north side of the Mersey estuary.
The city is governed by Liverpool City Council, one of five councils within Merseyside. The population of the borough in 2002 was 441,477, and that of the Merseyside conurbation was 1,362,026. Liverpool is the second largest export port of the United Kingdom.
Whilst it has lost most of its manufacturing base, Liverpool is still internationally famous as a port, and the city from where The Beatles originated. In sport terms, it boasts two internationally known football clubs, Liverpool F.C. and Everton F.C.. In the year 2008, Liverpool will become the European Capital of Culture.
Liverpool runs directly into Bootle in Sefton, and Huyton in Knowsley. It faces Wallasey and Birkenhead across the River Mersey.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are officially known as "Liverpudlians", but more commonly known as "Scousers". They are noted for their distinctive accent, called Scouse.
TEXT 8. Manchester
ManchesterManchester is a city in North West England. Manchester has recently come to be regarded by some as England's second city (after London).
Immediately after Manchester hosted the Commonwealth Games in 2002, a nationwide opinion poll commissioned by Marketing Manchester and conducted by pollsters MORI found that out of just over 1000 people 34% of respondents thought that England's second city was Manchester; 29% thought it was Birmingham.
In 2002 the central district had a population of 422,302. This district is the heart of a large conurbation called the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, which has a population of 2,513,468. People from Manchester are called Mancunians.
In the same way as "London" is used to refer to the entire metropolitan area of Greater London, the term "Manchester" is often used to refer to the Greater Manchester conurbation, rather than the City of Manchester which is a metropolitan borough. The constituent parts of Greater Manchester vary in how separately they identify themselves from Manchester. Salford, for instance, is a city in its own right with a distinct identity despite directly adjoining the urban centre of Manchester.
	
	IFRS – INSTITUTO FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
	
	AVALIAÇÃO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
	
	Professor: J. W.
	4º Bimestre
	
	Alunxs:
	Nºs:
	Nota:
	
	9º Ano ‘‘__ _’’ E.F
	Matutino
	04/04/2004
	Vlr: 4,0
	
	
SOBRE OS TEXTOS QUE VOCÊ TRADUZIU RESPONDA: T (TRUE – VERDADEIRO) OU F (FALSE – FALSO).
ABOUT TEXT 1. Birmingham
(......) The City of Birmingham has a population of less than a million people.
(......) People from Birmingham are called Brummies.
(......) 25.6% of the population of Birmingham is white.
(......) Birmingham hosts the third largest St. Patrick's Day parade in the world.
(......) Birmingham has 35 miles of canals.
ABOUT TEXT 2. Cardiff
(......) Cardiff is the capital of Scotland.
(......) Cardiff is a small town.
(......) It has been the capital city since...
(......) Cardiff is now the largest city in the United Kingdom.
(......) Radyr is a city in England.
ABOUT TEXT 3. Coventry
(......) Coventry has a population of less than half million people.
(......) Jaguar has its headquarters and a factory outside the city.
(......) There's a Transport Museum in Coventry.
(......) The city was destroyed during World War II.
(......) Lady Godiva protested against high taxes.
ABOUT TEXT 4. English Language
(......) English is spoken in Canada.
(......) Modern English is sometimes described as the global lingua franca.
(......) It has become the international language in many areas.
(......) Over a billion people speak English at least at a basic level.
(......) English is one of the official languages of the United Nations.
ABOUT TEXT 5. Hadrian's Wall
(......) Hadrian's Wall was built during Roman times.
(......) Antonine Wall was built before Hadrian's Wall.
(......) The wall gates were used as customs posts.
(......) Nowadays tourists can walk on the wall.
(......) Hadrian's Wall was 120km long.
ABOUT TEXT 6. Lake District
(......) There are 14 national parks in the UK.
(......) The Lake District is about...
(......) The latest glaciation period was 15000 years ago.
(......) The ice formed the valleys, which then became lakes.
(......) It doesn't rain too much in the area.
ABOUT TEXT 7. Liverpool
(......) Liverpool has a population of less than half million people.
(......) Liverpool is the second largest export port of the United Kingdom.
(......) Liverpool is the city from where The Beatles originated.
(......) Liverpool has one football team.
(......) People from Liverpool are called Liverpudlians.
ABOUT TEXT 8. Manchester
(......) Manchester has become England's second city.
(......) 29% of people think that Birmingham is England's second city.
(......) Greater Manchester has a population of 422,302.
(......) People from Manchester are called Mancunians.
(......) Manchester is often used to refer to Greater Manchester.