Lista comentada aves Brasil CBRO 2015

Prévia do material em texto

90
Abstract ............................. 91
Introduction ........................ 92
Methods ................................ 92
Results ................................... 94
Discussion ............................. 94
Checklist of birds of Brazil 96
Rheiformes .............................. 96
Tinamiformes .......................... 96
Anseriformes ........................... 98
Anhimidae ............ 98
Anatidae ................ 98
Galliformes ..............................100
Cracidae ................100
Odontophoridae ...102
Podicipediformes .....................103
Phoenicopteriformes ...............103
Sphenisciformes ......................104
Procellariiformes .....................104
Diomedeidae .........104
Procellariidae .........105
Hydrobatidae ........107
Pelecanoididae .......108
Phaethontiformes ....................108
Ciconiiformes ..........................108
Ciconiidae .............108
Suliformes ...............................108
Fregatidae ..............108
Sulidae ..................109
Phalacrocoracidae ..109
Anhingidae ...........109
Pelecaniformes ........................ 110
Pelecanidae ............ 110
Ardeidae ................ 110
Threskiornithidae .. 112
Cathartiformes ........................ 113
Accipitriformes ........................ 113
Pandionidae .......... 113
Accipitridae ........... 113
Eurypygiformes ....................... 117
Gruiformes .............................. 118
Aramidae .............. 118
Psophiidae ............. 118
Rallidae ................. 118
Heliornithidae ....... 121
Charadriiformes ......................121
Charadriidae ......... 121
Haematopodidae ... 121
Recurvirostridae ....122
Burhinidae ............122
Chionidae .............122
Scolopacidae .........122
Thinocoridae .........124
Jacanidae ...............124
Rostratulidae .........124
Glareolidae ............124
Stercorariidae ........125
Laridae ..................125
Sternidae ...............126
Rynchopidae .........127
Columbiformes .......................127
Opisthocomiformes .................130
Cuculiformes ...........................130
Strigiformes .............................132
Steatornithiformes ...................134
Nyctibiiformes ........................134
Caprimulgiformes ...................135
Apodiformes ............................137
Apodidae ...............137
Trochilidae ............139
Trogoniformes .........................146
Coraciiformes .......................... 147
Alcedinidae ........... 147
Momotidae ........... 148
Galbuliformes .........................148
Galbulidae ............ 148
Bucconidae ........... 150
Piciformes ............................... 153
Capitonidae .......... 153
Ramphastidae ....... 153
Picidae .................. 155
Cariamiformes .........................160
Falconiformes ..........................160
Falconidae .............160
Psittaciformes ..........................162
Passeriformes ...........................168
Tyranni ................................168
Furnariides ......................168
Thamnophilidae ....168
Melanopareiidae ....184
Conopophagidae ...184
Grallariidae ........... 185
Rhinocryptidae .....186
Formicariidae ........187
Scleruridae .............187
Dendrocolaptidae ...188
Xenopidae .............. 195
Furnariidae ............. 195
Tyrannides .......................203
Pipridae ..................203
Oxyruncidae ..........206
Onychorhynchidae 206
Tityridae ................207
Cotingidae .............209
Pipritidae ............... 211
Platyrinchidae......... 211
Tachurisidae ........... 212
Rhynchocyclidae .... 212
Tyrannidae ............. 218
Hirundineinae ... 218
Elaeniinae .......... 218
Tyranninae ........222
Fluvicolinae .......226
Passeri ...................................229
Corvida .......................229
Vireonidae ..............229
Corvidae ................231
Passerida .....................232
Hirundinidae .........232
Troglodytidae .........233
Donacobiidae .........235
Polioptilidae ...........235
Turdidae .................236
Mimidae ................238
Motacillidae ...........238
Passerellidae ...........238
Parulidae ................239
Icteridae .................241
Mitrospingidae .......244
Thraupidae .............245
Cardinalidae ...........258
Fringillidae ............. 259
Estrildidae .............. 261
Passeridae ............... 261
Acknowledgments .................262
Supplemental information ...262
References .............................262
Appendix 1 ...............................273
Appendix 2 ...............................297
CONTENT / CONTEúDO
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(2), 91-298
June 2015
INVITED REVIEW
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the 
Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê 
Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
Vítor de Q. Piacentini1,25, Alexandre Aleixo2, Carlos Eduardo Agne3, Giovanni Nachtigall Maurício4, 
José Fernando Pacheco5, Gustavo A. Bravo6, Guilherme R. R. Brito7, Luciano N. Naka8, Fabio Olmos9, Sergio 
Posso10, Luís Fábio Silveira6, Gustavo S. Betini11, Eduardo Carrano12, Ismael Franz13, Alexander C. Lees2,14, Luciano 
M. Lima15, Dimas Pioli16, Fabio Schunck6,17, Fábio Raposo do Amaral18, Glayson A. Bencke19, Mario Cohn-Haft20, 
Luiz Fernando A. Figueiredo21, Fernando C. Straube22 and Evaldo Cesari23,24
1 Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
2 Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brasil.
3 Centro de Ensino Superior Riograndense – CESURG, Sarandi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
4 Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Gestão Ambiental, Centro de Integração do Mercosul; and Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal 
(IB-UFPel), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
5 Oikos Pesquisa Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
6 Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
7 Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
8 Laboratório de Ornitologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.
9 Permian Brasil, São Paulo, Brasil.
10 Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.
11 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
12 Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil.
13 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre; and 
Laboratório de Zoologia, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
14 Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
15 Observatório de Aves do Butantan, Museu Biológico do Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil.
16 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
17 Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
18 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, São Paulo, Brasil.
19 Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
20 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brasil.
21 Centro de Estudos Ornitológicos, São Paulo, Brasil.
22 Hori Consultoria Ambiental, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
23 Tentech Ltda, São Paulo, Brasil.
24 Author external to the CBRO.
25 Corresponding author: vitor.piacentini@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: Since 2005, the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee(CBRO) has published updated checklists of Brazilian 
birds almost every year. Herein, we present a completely new and annotated version of our checklist. For the first time, we list all 
bird subspecies known from Brazil that are currently accepted by at least one key ornithological reference work. The inclusion of the 
subspecies should be seen as a synthesis, and not as a taxonomic endorsement. As such, we include in the new checklist 1919 avian 
species, 910 of which are treated as polytypic in reference works (2042 subspecies), totaling 3051 taxa at the species and subspecies 
level. We anticipate that several of the subspecies included in our list may be subject to future taxonomic upgrades to species 
status, while others will probably be shown to be invalid in the light of future taxonomic studies. The results highlight Brazil as a 
megadiverse country and reinforce the need for proper enforcement of political tools, laws and international commitments assumed 
by the country to preserve its biodiversity.
KEy-WORDS: biodiversity, Neotropical birds, systematics, subspecies, taxonomy. 
 
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:30856542-FFD1-44CA-B249-9F321CD4CF4C
92
 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
INTRODUCTION
Forming almost half of the “Bird Continent” of South 
America, Brazil vies for the title of the country with the 
richest avifauna along with Colombia and Peru (the 
latest statistics put it in second, after Colombia; Remsen 
et al. 2015). Brazil is also the country with the highest 
number of new species described in the last decade (31; 
three of them treated as synonyms by CBRO 2014) and 
also the country with the highest number of globally 
threatened birds (164; Birdlife International 2015). 
Given this impressive and imperiled avian biodiversity, it 
is imperative to maintain an updated list of species based 
on robust evidence. 
The first verifiable record of a Brazilian bird, the 
Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus; Teixeira & 
Papávero 2006), was made by Pero Vaz de Caminha, 
the Portuguese knight who wrote the official report of 
the discovery of Brazil by the Europenans in April 1500. 
However, the systematic documentation of the Brazilian 
avifauna only began with George Marcgrave in the 1630 
and ‘40s, during Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen’s 
tenure as the governor of “Dutch Brazil”. Even though 
Marcgrave worked within a geographically restricted area, 
his studies amounted to the first list of species occurring 
in the country. During subsequent centuries, the total 
number of Brazilian birds remained poorly known, 
without any list covering the whole country. This situation 
would change only by the end of the 19th Century, when 
Goeldi (1894:8) presented a total of “1680 especies de 
Aves, numero redondo, o que corresponde á metade total 
das especies neotropicas, e a quasi 1/6 de todas as especies de 
Aves do globo”, although no source was provided for such 
numbers [free translation: 1680 bird species, a rounded 
number that corresponds to half of the Neotropical species 
and almost 1/6 of all the world’s bird species”].
The first list of the birds of Brazil with its current 
political borders was that published by Ihering & Ihering 
(1907). Such cataloging work was later reviewed by 
Olivério Pinto in the two volumes of his “Catálogos das 
aves do Brasil” (Pinto 1938, 1944), the first of which 
was published as a second edition 40 years later (Pinto 
1978). In 1985, with the first edition of Helmut Sick’s 
“Ornitologia Brasileira”, the country once again had a 
complete and updated list of its birds (Sick 1985). Sick’s 
work was subsequently re-issued in an English version as 
well as a second revised Portuguese edition (Sick 1993, 
1997). Lastly, we may add the recent book of the naturalist 
Rolf Grantsau (2010) to the national compilations of 
Brazilian birds.
In April 1999, the Brazilian Ornithological 
Committee (CBRO, in Portuguese) was created and 
set a new mark in Brazilian ornithology. For the first 
time, a group of people joined forces to work on the 
occurrence and distribution of the country’s bird 
species. In 2004, the group became an official working 
group of the Brazilian Ornithological Society (SBO, in 
Portuguese), and on 1 February 2005, almost six years 
after its foundation, the CBRO produced the first list of 
the birds of Brazil based on physical evidence supporting 
the occurrence of each species in the country (CBRO 
2005). In addition to distinguishing Brazilian species 
in accordance with the availability or lack of physical 
documentation (respectively the primary and secondary 
list; see Methods), the CBRO started to incorporate new 
species and to keep an updated systematic order of its 
lists following periodical reviews of the recent literature. 
Thus, 11 versions of the list have been published on-line, 
with the last one released in early 2014 and including 
1901 species (CBRO 2014). 
Now, a little over 10 years after the publication of 
the first edition of the “Lists of birds of Brazil” by the 
CBRO, we present the most up-to-date compilation 
of Brazilian birds. This work is based on dozens of 
scholarly avian studies published during the last two 
years, including data on distribution, species limits, and 
phylogenetic relationships of Brazilian birds. Besides the 
traditional primary and secondary lists, this work now also 
includes all subspecies of Brazilian birds that are either 
traditionally accepted or potentially valid, and which are 
known to occur in the country. We further introduce 
a formal proposal to change the vernacular Portuguese 
name of some species and include reference notes to 
many taxonomic treatments adopted by the CBRO.
METHODS
List of species
The CBRO lists are organized in three main components 
as follows:
Primary List – this includes species with at least one 
unequivocal record in Brazil based on physical evidence. 
Physical evidence is defined as an item available for 
independent re-assessment, which could be a specimen 
(complete or partial), a photograph, or an audio or video 
recording, which unambiguously provides a trustworthy 
diagnosis of the taxon involved (see also Carlos et al. 
2010);
Secondary List – this includes species with published 
records for Brazil, but whose physical evidence is 
unknown or unavailable. All such species are considered 
to be of “probable occurrence” in Brazil based on their 
distributional and dispersal patterns based on physical 
evidence elsewhere.
Tertiary List – this includes species with published 
records for Brazil, but with questionable or invalid 
 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(2), 2015 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
93
physical evidence, and for which their occurrence in the 
country seems improbable based on current knowledge. 
In the current work, we present the consolidated list 
of birds of Brazil (primary + secondary lists), with those of 
the secondary list included in brackets. The secondary list 
can be accessed on its own in the electronic supplement, 
whereas the tertiary list is available only on the CBROwebsite (www.cbro.org.br). 
This work is an iterative update to the last list 
published by the CBRO (2014), for which the systematic 
order is broadly based on the list of birds of South 
America drawn up by the South American Classification 
Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithologists’ 
Union – AOU (Remsen et al. 2015). We here add all 
the species recorded recently for the first time in Brazil 
and whose physical evidence was accepted by the CBRO, 
as well as those species newly described or else validated 
as species for which the published data supporting 
such taxonomic conclusions were judged robust by 
the “Taxonomic Subcommittee” of the CBRO. The 
adoption of any taxonomic treatment by CBRO does not 
necessarily represent unanimous approval by the members 
of the Taxonomic Subcommittee, but any new taxonomic 
proposal must be approved by at least 70% of the voting 
members. Therefore, there are some cases in which one or 
more of the authors of this list disagree with the adopted 
treatment. The CBRO follows the General Lineage 
Species Concept to decide upon species limits (see Aleixo 
2007; see also de Queiroz 2005). Whenever new evidence 
is published implying changes in species level taxonomy, 
the CBRO seeks to interpret the available data under 
the background of recent advances on the genetics of 
speciation, reproductive isolation, directional selection, 
and hybridization dynamics (Gill 2014). Therefore, the 
‘null hypothesis’ behind CBRO taxonomic decisions at the 
species level is that put forward by Gill (2014): “Distinct 
and reciprocally monophyletic sister populations of 
birds exhibit essential reproductive isolation and would 
not interbreed freely if they were to occur in sympatry”. 
Some special care is taken not to implement taxonomic 
changes deemed incomplete or likely temporary given the 
lack of data on a particular taxon or sets of taxa grouped 
under any taxonomic rank subject to recent systematic 
and taxonomic revisions. 
The Portuguese vernacular names follow primarily 
the format of previous issues of the list. However, many 
names underwent modifications based on input received 
from users of the list suggesting that some names be 
shortened, corrected or become closer to truly popular 
names. Other names are currently under review and 
additional proposals to change Portuguese names will be 
presented elsewhere (Straube, Schunck, et al., in prep.). 
English names follow those of Clements checklist of Birds 
of the World – eBird version 2015 (Clements et al. 2015), 
except when we apply different taxonomic treatments for 
a species/group of species.
We also provide the status of occurrence in Brazil for 
each species as follows:
R = Resident (available evidence of breeding in the 
country);
VS = seasonal visitor coming from southern South 
America;
VN = seasonal visitor coming from the Northern 
Hemisphere;
VO = seasonal visitor coming from western South 
America;
VA = vagrant (species with apparently irregular 
occurrence in Brazil; it may be a regular migrant in 
neighboring countries, coming from the south [VA(S)], 
from the north [VA(N)], or from the west [VA(O)], or 
else as irregular in a wider sense [VA]);
D = status unknown.
Such abbreviations are sometimes combined with 
the following:
Ex = extinct in Brazil;
ExN = extinct in the wild, survives in captivity;
E = endemic to Brazil;
# = status presumed, but not confirmed.
Subspecies
With the goal to identify groups that require a thorough 
taxonomic revision and taxa/populations that should 
be included in conservation policies, we provide for the 
first time a provisional list of the subspecies of Brazilian 
birds. The inclusion of those subspecies are merely 
instrumental and must not be taken as a taxonomic 
validation by the CBRO, not to mention that species 
concepts based on evolutionary lineages (e.g. General 
Lineage, Phylogenetic, Evolutionary, and allies), 
such as that adopted by the CBRO, do not recognize 
subspecific taxa. Thus, subspecies included in the present 
list are potentially valid taxa occurring in Brazil, given 
their acceptance by at least one of the following recent 
reference works: Clements checklist of Birds of the World – 
eBird version 2015 (Clements et al. 2015); The Howard 
& Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World 
(Dickinson & Remsen 2013, Dickinson & Christidis 
2014); Handbook of the Birds of the World (Del Hoyo et al. 
1992-2013; supplemented by the updates in Del Hoyo 
et al. 2014 for the non-Passerines); and IOC World Bird 
List 5.3 (Gill & Donsker 2015). We also indicate those 
subspecies occurring in Brazil delimited by Grantsau 
(2010), the most recent work on Brazilian birds that deals 
with subspecies. In a very few cases we also included taxa/
subspecies omitted in the reference works without having 
ever been subject to an explicit and thorough review of 
94
 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
its validity after being originally described (e.g. Penelope 
superciliaris cyanosparius). These cases are indicated by a 
question mark in the list. A few subspecies commonly 
cited for Brazil, but whose occurrence in the country seems 
to be mere extrapolation, are included in brackets, but 
only if their occurrence agrees with current biogeographic 
knowledge. Otherwise, they were excluded from our list 
even if cited by one of the five reference works; we have 
included explanatory notes in these controversial cases. 
Exceptions to those criteria of inclusion are the subspecies 
cited in the above reference works, but which have been 
formally synonymized in some recent papers that applied 
species limits directly comparable to those adopted by the 
CBRO, e.g. some subspecies of Piculus chrysochloros and 
Schistochlamis ruficapillus. (Del-Rio et al. 2013, Lopes & 
Gonzaga 2014a).
All subspecies selected were then combined 
hierarchically under species level taxa recognized by the 
CBRO, sometimes requiring adjustments whenever the 
CBRO species level taxonomy differed from that of the 
reference works. The sequence of the subspecies follows as 
much as possible the traditional treatment in zoological 
lists, i.e. taxa listed according to their centers of geographic 
distributions, from north to south and from west to east. 
The subspecific names are followed by the acronyms of the 
reference works that treat them as valid: CL, GR, H&M, 
HBW, and IOC (respectively for “Clements”, “Grantsau” 
“Howard & Moore”, “Handbook” and “IOC”).
Additional explanatory notes were included ad 
libitum every time we judged that the taxonomic 
treatment by the CBRO or the inclusion of any given 
species in the list deserved a detailed explanation, and 
for those cases in which the current taxonomic treatment 
is unsatisfactory and needs revision. As a rule, such 
notes treat the new occurrences, new taxonomy, and 
nomenclatural corrections that became available after 
Sick’s (1997) work.
RESULTS
The CBRO recognizes the occurrence of 1919 species in 
Brazil, 30 of them lacking physical evidence and therefore 
included in the secondary list. A little less than half of the 
species (910) have subspecies recognized in at least one of 
the reference works, many of which (601) are represented 
in Brazil by more than a single subspecies; this results in a 
total of 3051 valid or potentially valid distinct taxa/forms 
(species and subspecies) occurring in Brazil. Furthermore, 
33 orders, 103 families and 705genera are recognized as 
occurring in the country (see also Appendix 2).
A total of 1692 bird species are known or assumed 
to be residents (i.e. breeding in the country; 277 of 
them endemic to Brazil), 120 occur only as visitors, 
and 66 occur sufficiency infrequently to be regarded 
as accidentals/vagrants. For the time being we exclude 
entirely a few species whose occurrence in the country 
is known to be a result of ship-assistance or deliberate 
release in the wild, such as Pycnonotus jocosus and Corvus 
albus (Silva & Olmos 2007, Serpa 2008, Lima & Kamada 
2009). Those species may be regarded as part of the 
Brazilian avifauna in the future – as introduced species 
– if they eventually establish stable and self-sustaining 
populations, such as those currently recognized for 
Columba livia, Estrilda astrild and Passer domesticus. 
Lastly, the occurrence status for nine species is unknown.
DISCUSSION
The number of Brazilian birds species recognized by the 
CBRO continues to grow every year, a trend already 
evident in previous versions of our lists (see CBRO 2014). 
The increase of the present list (1919 species) relative to 
the previous version (CBRO 2014; 1901 spp.) is relatively 
small, only 0.9%. The increase in the number of species 
of birds in the last decade (7%) is much lower than that 
observed for any of the other principal vertebrate groups 
within Brazil (Table 1), likely because birds are the best 
known group taxonomically. Yet, we may expect this 
increasing trend to continue for several years to come, as 
research on vertebrate taxonomy develops in the “most 
biodiverse country of the world” (Lewinsohn 2006) and 
new areas are sampled.
TABLE 1: Increase in the total number of species for the main groups 
of vertebrates in Brazil in the last decade based on numbers from 2006 
compared to most recent compilations.
Vertebrate 
group
 Total of species known Increase 
(%)In 2006a Most recent
Fish 3420 3885b 13.59
Amphibians 775 1026c 32.38
Mammals 541 701d 29.57
Reptiles 633 760e 20.06
Birds 1793 1919f 7.02
Total 7162 8291 15.76
a Following Sabino & Prado (2006), except for birds, which 
follow CBRO (2005);
b Buckup et al. (2007);
c Segalla et al. (2014);
d Paglia et al. (2012);
e Costa & Bérnils (2014);
f present study.
Most of the species newly added to the present 
list are already-named taxa recognized as subspecies by 
most classifications and which were afforded species 
status after modern systematic works. The “revolution” 
 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(2), 2015 Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / 
Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos
95
in bird taxonomy following quantitative studies of bird 
vocalizations, especially in the 1980s and onwards, 
has now received a new (and stronger) validatory 
wave with the advent in molecular studies. Such 
technological development has been coupled with easier 
access to equipment and an increase in the number of 
ornithologists in Brazilian institutions in the last decades 
(see Borges 2008). Many more bird populations currently 
recognized as subspecies may eventually be “upgraded” 
to full species status with forthcoming studies. However, 
many others may represent taxonomic artifacts that will 
be synonymized after careful review, as exemplified by 
some recent works (e.g. Bolivar-Leguizamon & Silveira 
2015).
On the other hand, a few of the species new to the 
list are species newly described to science. The Brazilian 
avifauna is still undersampled in some regions that are 
biologically rich and poorly known, such as Amazonia. 
The last volume of the “Handbook of the Birds of the 
World” resulted in the formal description of 15 new 
species of Amazonian birds that occur in Brazil (Whitney 
& Cohn-Haft 2013). This suggests that even for such a 
charismatic group as birds, which are relatively easy to find 
and study, there may as yet be more undescribed species in 
this biome. Such knowledge gaps may also exist, although 
not as prominently, in the Atlantic Forest domain, which 
is considered to be very well sampled and has been the 
subject of most of the biodiversity research conducted in 
the country. Despite these efforts however, in 2014 alone, 
three new bird species endemic to the Atlantic Forest were 
formally described (see Lees & Pimm 2014). 
Many of these recently-described species were 
assessed in the review of the Red List of Brazilian 
species, the results of which were released on December 
2014 (Portaria n. 444, de 17 de dezembro de 2014. 
Diário Oficial da União, N° 245, 18 de dezembro de 
2014). In this context, we further note that Brazil is a 
signatory of the Convention on Biological Diversity 
(CBD), having committed to conserve the biodiversity 
within its territory and prevent the extinction of native 
species. As such, it is important to enforce some legal 
tools implemented following this commitment, such as 
the Biodiversity National Biodiversity Policy (Política 
Nacional da Biodiversidade). One of the fundamental 
goals in this instrument is to improve knowledge of 
Brazilian biodiversity – including support for taxonomic 
research and compilations such as the present list – as well 
as publicizing such knowledge (Brasil 2002). Therefore, 
we hope this list of Brazilian birds will be a relevant tool 
for use by decision-makers, planners, researchers, and 
society as a whole. 
96
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rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
m
ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
om
itê Brasileiro de Registros O
rnitológicos
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
m
ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
om
itê Brasileiro de Registros O
rnitológicos
TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
RHEIFORMES Forbes, 1884
Rheidae Bonaparte, 1849
Rhea Brisson, 1760
Rhea americana (Linnaeus, 1758)1 ema; Greater Rhea R
Rhea a. americana (Linnaeus, 1758): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Rhea a. intermedia Rothschild & Chubb, 1914: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Rhea a. araneipes Brodkorb, 1938: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
TINAMIFORMES Huxley, 1872
Tinamidae Gray, 1840 
Tinamus Hermann, 1783
Tinamus tao Temminck, 1815 azulona; Gray Tinamou R
Tinamus t. tao Temminck, 1815: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tinamus t. kleei (Tschudi, 1843)2: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tinamus solitarius (Vieillot, 1819)3 macuco; Solitary Tinamou R
Tinamus major (Gmelin, 1789)4 inambu-serra; Great Tinamou R
Tinamus m. major (Gmelin, 1789): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tinamus m. serratus (Spix, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tinamus m. olivascens Conover, 1937: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tinamus m. peruvianus Bonaparte, 1856: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tinamus guttatus Pelzeln, 1863 inambu-galinha; White-throated Tinamou R
Crypturellus Brabourne & Chubb, 1914
Crypturellus cinereus (Gmelin, 1789) inambu-pixuna; Cinereous Tinamou R
Crypturellus soui (Hermann, 1783) tururim; Little Tinamou R
Crypturellus s. soui (Hermann, 1783): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus s. albigularis (Brabourne & Chubb, 1914)5: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus s. inconspicuus Carriker, 19356: CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus obsoletus (Temminck, 1815)7 inambuguaçu; Brown Tinamou R
1 Taxonomic and distributional limits of the taxa require revision.
2 The forms T. t. kleei, larensis andtao, which mainly occur south and west of the Amazon river, apparently intergrade, so that the validity of the taxa T. t. kleei and T. t. larensis (which doesn’t occur in Brazil) is very questionable.
3 Status of the named subspecies of this taxon was reviewed by Amaral & Silveira (2004).
4 Described forms occuring in Brazil are poorly differentiated and a taxonomic revision is required.
5 Poorly differentiated from the nominal form.
6 Specimen from western Acre state (Novaes 1957).
7 More than one species may be involved (see also Laverda & Cadena 2014).
Checklist of birds of Brazil / Lista das aves do Brasil
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 Revista Brasileira de O
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rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
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ittee / 
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Crypturellus o. griseiventris (Salvadori, 1895): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus o. hypochraceus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1938)8: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus o. obsoletus (Temminck, 1815): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus undulatus (Temminck, 1815)9 jaó; Undulated Tinamou R
Crypturellus u. simplex (Salvadori, 1895): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus u. yapura (Spix, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus u. adspersus (Temminck, 1815): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus u. vermiculatus (Temminck, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus u. undulatus (Temminck, 1815): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus strigulosus (Temminck, 1815) inambu-relógio; Brazilian Tinamou R
Crypturellus duidae Zimmer, 1938 inambu-de-pé-cinza; Gray-legged Tinamou R#
Crypturellus erythropus (Pelzeln, 1863) inambu-de-perna-vermelha; Red-legged Tinamou R
Crypturellus e. erythropus (Pelzeln, 1863): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus noctivagus (Wied, 1820)10 jaó-do-sul; Yellow-legged Tinamou R, E
Crypturellus n. zabele (Spix, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus n. noctivagus (Wied, 1820): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus atrocapillus (Tschudi, 1844) inambu-de-coroa-preta; Black-capped Tinamou R
Crypturellus a. atrocapillus (Tschudi, 1844): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus variegatus (Gmelin, 1789) inambu-anhangá; Variegated Tinamou R
Crypturellus brevirostris (Pelzeln, 1863) inambu-carijó; Rusty Tinamou R
Crypturellus bartletti (Sclater & Salvin, 1873) inambu-anhangaí; Bartlett’s Tinamou R
Crypturellus parvirostris (Wagler, 1827) inambu-chororó; Small-billed Tinamou R
Crypturellus tataupa (Temminck, 1815)11 inambu-chintã; Tataupa Tinamou R
Crypturellus t. lepidotus (Swainson, 1837): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crypturellus t. tataupa (Temminck, 1815): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Rhynchotus Spix, 1825
Rhynchotus rufescens (Temminck, 1815) perdiz; Red-winged Tinamou R
Rhynchotus r. catingae Reiser, 190512: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Rhynchotus r. rufescens (Temminck, 1815): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
8 Correct spelling following David & Gosselin (2002a).
9 Urgent complex taxonomic revision needed - there’s some evidence of intergradation between C. u. yapura and C. u. adspersus, and the distributional limits of the southern Amazon taxa are poorly known. There’s 
substantial plumage variation (the main reason for several subspecies descriptions) and vocalization patterns are poorly known.
10 Data yet unpublished (Tomotani & Silveira, in prep.) indicate that both subspecies need full species recognition, C. noctivagus and C. zabele.
11 Distributional limits between the nominal form and C. t. lepidotus poorly known; validity of the former is questionable.
12 Taxon known from very few specimens in collections, and may be coming into contact with the nominal form which is expanding it’s distribution with land-use change (pasture expansion).
98
 Revista Brasileira de O
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Nothura Wagler, 1827
Nothura boraquira (Spix, 1825) codorna-do-nordeste; White-bellied Nothura R
Nothura minor (Spix, 1825) codorna-mineira; Lesser Nothura R, E
Nothura maculosa (Temminck, 1815)13 codorna-amarela; Spotted Nothura R
Nothura m. cearensis Naumburg, 1932: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Nothura m. major (Spix, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Nothura m. maculosa (Temminck, 1815): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Taoniscus Gloger, 1842
Taoniscus nanus (Temminck, 1815) codorninha; Dwarf Tinamou R
ANSERIFORMES Linnaeus, 1758
Anhimidae Stejneger, 1885 
Anhima Brisson, 1760
Anhima cornuta (Linnaeus, 1766) anhuma; Horned Screamer R
Chauna Illiger, 1811
Chauna torquata (Oken, 1816) tachã; Southern Screamer R
Anatidae Leach, 1820 
Dendrocygninae Reichenbach, 1850
Dendrocygna Swainson, 1837
Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot, 1816) marreca-caneleira; Fulvous Whistling-Duck R
Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) irerê; White-faced Whistling-Duck R
Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) marreca-cabocla; Black-bellied Whistling-Duck R
Dendrocygna a. autumnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)14: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anserinae Vigors, 1825
Cygnus Garsault, 1764
Cygnus melancoryphus (Molina, 1782)15 cisne-de-pescoço-preto; Black-necked Swan R
Coscoroba Reichenbach, 1853
Coscoroba coscoroba (Molina, 1782) capororoca; Coscoroba Swan R
13 Many of the described subspecies are poorly differentiated (including the Brazilian forms N. m. major and N. m. cearensis)
14 The name autumnalis applies to the southern subspecies, making the name discolor (cited in Grantsau 2010) a junior synonym.
15 Correct spelling sensu David & Gosselin (2002a).
99
 Revista Brasileira de O
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Anatinae Leach, 1820
Chloephaga Eyton, 1838
Chloephaga picta (Gmelin, 1789) ganso-de-magalhães; Upland Goose VA (S)
Chloephaga p. picta (Gmelin, 1789): CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
Neochen Oberholser, 1918
Neochen jubata (Spix, 1825)16 pato-corredor; Orinoco Goose R
Cairina Fleming, 1822
Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758) pato-do-mato; Muscovy Duck R
Sarkidiornis Eyton, 1838
Sarkidiornis sylvicola Ihering & Ihering, 190717 pato-de-crista; Comb Duck R
Callonetta Delacour, 1936
Callonetta leucophrys (Vieillot, 1816) marreca-de-coleira; Ringed Teal R
Amazonetta Boetticher, 1929
Amazonetta brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1789)18 ananaí; Brazilian Teal R
Amazonetta b. brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1789): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Amazonetta b. ipecutiri (Vieillot, 1816): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anas Linnaeus, 1758
Anas sibilatrix Poeppig, 1829 marreca-oveira; Chiloe Wigeon VS#
Anas flavirostris Vieillot, 1816 marreca-pardinha; Yellow-billed Teal R
Anas f. flavirostris Vieillot, 1816: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anas acuta Linnaeus,1758 arrabio; Northern Pintail VA (N)
Anas georgica Gmelin, 1789 marreca-parda; Yellow-billed Pintail R
Anas g. spinicauda Vieillot, 1816: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anas bahamensis Linnaeus, 1758 marreca-toicinho; White-cheeked Pintail R
Anas b. bahamensis Linnaeus, 1758: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anas b. rubrirostris Vieillot, 1816: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anas versicolor Vieillot, 1816 marreca-cricri; Silver Teal R
Anas v. versicolor Vieillot, 1816: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anas discors Linnaeus, 1766 marreca-de-asa-azul; Blue-winged Teal VA (N)
16 Gender agreement following David & Gosselin (2002b).
17 Previously treated as subspecies of S. melanotos, from the Old World, but see Livezey (1997) for full species status.
18 The form A. b. ipecutiri is weakly differentiated from the nominal one, although Nascimento & Antas (1990) observed some morphometric differences.
100
 Revista Brasileira de O
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 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
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ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
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itê Brasileiro de Registros O
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
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ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
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itê Brasileiro de Registros O
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Anas cyanoptera Vieillot, 1816 marreca-colorada; Cinnamon Teal VA (S)
Anas c. cyanoptera Vieillot, 1816: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Anas platalea Vieillot, 1816 marreca-colhereira; Red Shoveler VS (R)
Netta Kaup, 1829
Netta erythrophthalma (Wied, 1833)19 paturi-preta; Southern Pochard R
Netta e. erythrophthalma (Wied, 1833): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Netta peposaca (Vieillot, 1816) marrecão; Rosy-billed Pochard VO (R)
Mergus Linnaeus, 1758
Mergus octosetaceus Vieillot, 1817 pato-mergulhão; Brazilian Merganser R
Heteronetta Salvadori, 1865
Heteronetta atricapilla (Merrem, 1841) marreca-de-cabeça-preta; Black-headed Duck R
Nomonyx Ridgway, 1880
Nomonyx dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766)20 marreca-caucau; Masked Duck R
Oxyura Bonaparte, 1828
Oxyura vittata (Philippi, 1860) marreca-rabo-de-espinho; Lake Duck VS#
GALLIFORMES Linnaeus, 1758
Cracidae Rafinesque, 1815
Penelope Merrem, 1786
Penelope marail (Statius Muller, 1776) jacumirim; Marail Guan R
Penelope m. jacupeba Spix, 1825: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope m. marail (Statius Muller, 1776)21: CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope superciliaris Temminck, 1815 jacupemba; Rusty-margined Guan R
? Penelope s. cyanosparius Nardelli, 199322: GR
Penelope s. superciliaris Temminck, 1815: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
? Penelope s. ochromitra Spix, 182523
Penelope s. alagoensis Nardelli, 1993: GR, H&M, HBW
Penelope s. jacupemba Spix, 1825: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope s. major Bertoni, 1901: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
19 Date corrected from the 11th edition (CBRO 2014).
20 Previously treated in Oxyura; the inclusion in monotypic genus was proposed by Livezey (1995). Gender agreement following David & Gosselin (2011).
21 Specimens from northern Amapá state referred to the nominal form (Vaurie 1966).
22 Taxon described based on captive live specimens, with no further additional information. Race differentiated by dark blue coloration on face. Very few specimens in museums, and studies on the validity of the 
described forms on the complex are highly necessary. The form P. s. pseudonyma, from Canumã rver, near the alleged locality for P. s. cyanosparius (Maués) should be investigated.
23 Considered as an invalid taxon by several recent authors (e.g. del Hoyo et al. 2015). However, birds of this race have an ochraceous supercilium, and it occurs only in the Caatinga biome. An urgent taxonomic revision 
is needed.
101
 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
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ittee / 
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itê Brasileiro de Registros O
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
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ittee / 
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entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
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itê Brasileiro de Registros O
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Penelope jacquacu Spix, 1825 jacu-de-spix; Spix’s Guan R
Penelope j. granti Berlepsch, 190824: CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope j. orienticola Todd, 1932: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope j. jacquacu Spix, 1825: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope obscura Temminck, 1815 jacuguaçu ; Dusky-legged Guan R
Penelope o. bronzina Hellmayr, 1914: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope o. obscura Temminck, 1815: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Penelope pileata Wagler, 1830 jacupiranga; White-crested Guan R, E
Penelope ochrogaster Pelzeln, 1870 jacu-de-barriga-castanha; Chestnut-bellied Guan R, E
Penelope jacucaca Spix, 1825 jacucaca; White-browed Guan R, E
Aburria Reichenbach, 185325
Aburria cumanensis (Jacquin, 1784) jacutinga-de-garganta-azul; Blue-throated Piping-Guan R
Aburria c. cumanensis (Jacquin, 1784): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Aburria c. grayi (Pelzeln, 1870)26: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Aburria cujubi (Pelzeln, 1858) cujubi; Red-throated Piping-Guan R
Aburria c. cujubi (Pelzeln, 1858): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Aburria c. nattereri Reichenbach, 1861: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Aburria jacutinga (Spix, 1825) jacutinga; Black-fronted Piping-Guan R
Ortalis Merrem, 1786
Ortalis canicollis (Wagler, 1830) aracuã-do-pantanal; Chaco Chachalaca R
Ortalis c. pantanalensis Cherrie & Reichenberger, 192127: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ortalis guttata (Spix, 1825) aracuã-pintado; Speckled Chachalaca R
Ortalis g. guttata (Spix, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ortalis g. subaffinis Todd, 1932: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ortalis g. remota Pinto, 196428
Ortalis araucuan (Spix, 1825) aracuã-de-barriga-branca; East Brazilian Chachalaca R, E
Ortalis squamata (Lesson, 1829) aracuã-escamoso; Scaled Chachalaca R
Ortalis motmot (Linnaeus, 1766) aracuã-pequeno; Variable Chachalaca R
Ortalis m. motmot (Linnaeus, 1766): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
24 Dickerman & Phelps (1982) indicate its occurrence on the Brazil-Venezuela border.
25 Brazilian species historically treated in Pipile, a treatment still followed by some authors. For the synonymization of Pipile with Aburria, see Frank-Hoeflich et al. (2007).
26 Treated as a full species by HBW.
27 Taxon poorly differentiated from the nominal form.
28 Taxon described based on a single specimen. Historically synonimized without a robust analysis. Some individuals rediscovered on the wild, and the disgnostic features suggest the taxon is valid (Silveira et al., in prep.).
102
 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
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ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
om
itê Brasileiro de Registros O
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
m
ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
om
itê Brasileiro de Registros O
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Ortalis m. ruficeps (Wagler, 1830)29: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ortalis superciliaris (Gray, 1867) aracuã-de-sobrancelhas; Buff-browed Chachalaca R, E
Nothocrax Burmeister, 1856
Nothocrax urumutum (Spix, 1825) urumutum; Nocturnal Curassow R
Crax Linnaeus, 1758
Crax alector Linnaeus, 1766 mutum-poranga; Black Curassow R
Crax a. erythrognatha Sclater & Salvin, 187730: CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crax a. alector Linnaeus, 1766: CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crax globulosa Spix, 1825 mutum-de-fava; Wattled CurassowR
Crax fasciolata Spix, 1825 mutum-de-penacho; Bare-faced Curassow R
Crax f. fasciolata Spix, 1825: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Crax f. pinima Pelzeln, 187031: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
? Crax f. xavieri Nardelli, 199332: GR
Crax blumenbachii Spix, 1825 mutum-de-bico-vermelho; Red-billed Curassow R, E
Pauxi Temminck, 181333
Pauxi tomentosa (Spix, 1825) mutum-do-norte; Crestless Curassow R
Pauxi tuberosa (Spix, 1825) mutum-cavalo; Razor-billed Curassow R
Pauxi mitu (Linnaeus, 1766) mutum-do-nordeste; Alagoas Curassow R (ExN), E
Odontophoridae Gould, 1844
Colinus Goldfuss, 1820
Colinus cristatus (Linnaeus, 1766) uru-do-campo; Crested Bobwhite R
Colinus c. sonnini (Temminck, 1815): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Odontophorus Vieillot, 1816
Odontophorus gujanensis (Gmelin, 1789) uru-corcovado; Marbled Wood-Quail R
Odontophorus g. medius Chapman, 1929: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Odontophorus g. gujanensis (Gmelin, 1789): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Odontophorus capueira (Spix, 1825) uru; Spot-winged Wood-Quail R
Odontophorus c. plumbeicollis Cory, 1915: CL, GR, H&M, HBW
29 Sometimes treated as full species (e.g. IOC, Sick 1997).
30 Cere coloration (red) appears not to follow any geographic pattern. Dickerman & Phelps (1982) indicate that it occurs on the Brazil-Venezuela border.
31 Treated as a full species by HBW.
32 Taxon described based on captive birds, with no further information about the specimens. Thus perhaps of doubtful validity, as it could represent variations of the nominal form, but its geographic distribution 
indicates the need for further studies.
33 Brazilian species historically treated as Mitu, which is still followed by some authors. For the synonimization of Mitu in Pauxi, see Frank-Hoeflich et al. (2007).
103
 Revista Brasileira de O
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 Revista Brasileira de O
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
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ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
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itê Brasileiro de Registros O
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Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
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ittee / 
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entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Odontophorus c. capueira (Spix, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW
Odontophorus stellatus (Gould, 1843) uru-de-topete; Starred Wood-Quail R
PODICIPEDIFORMES Fürbringer, 1888
Podicipedidae Bonaparte, 1831
Rollandia Bonaparte, 1856
Rollandia rolland (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) mergulhão-de-orelha-branca; White-tufted Grebe R
Rollandia r. chilensis (Lesson, 1828): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tachybaptus Reichenbach, 1853
Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus, 1766) mergulhão-pequeno; Least Grebe R
Tachybaptus d. brachyrhynchus (Chapman, 1899): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Podilymbus Lesson, 1831
Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus, 1758) mergulhão-caçador; Pied-billed Grebe R
Podilymbus p. antarcticus (Lesson, 1842): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Podicephorus Bochenski, 1994
Podicephorus major (Boddaert, 1783)34 mergulhão-grande; Great Grebe R
Podiceps m. major (Boddaert, 1783): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Podiceps Latham, 1787
Podiceps occipitalis Garnot, 182635 mergulhão-de-orelha-amarela; Silvery Grebe VA (S)
Podiceps o. occipitalis Garnot, 1826: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Fürbringer, 1888
Phoenicopteridae Bonaparte, 1831
Phoenicopterus Linnaeus, 1758
Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus, 1758 flamingo; American Flamingo R#
Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina, 1782 flamingo-chileno; Chilean Flamingo VS
Phoenicoparrus Bonaparte, 1856
Phoenicoparrus andinus (Philippi, 1854)36 flamingo-dos-andes; Andean Flamingo VA (S)
Phoenicoparrus jamesi (Sclater, 1886)37 flamingo-da-puna; James’s Flamingo VA (O)
34 Sometimes treated as Podilymbus, but Bochenski (1994) supports its treatment as a separate genus.
35 Brazilian records documented in Bornschein et al. (2004).
36 Ghizoni-Jr. & Piacentini (2010) discussed the need to re-evalueate its status in Brazil.
37 First documented Brazilian record from the state of Acre in April 2005 (Guilherme et al. 2005)
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
SPHENISCIFORMES Sharpe, 1891
Spheniscidae Bonaparte, 1831
Aptenodytes Miller, 1778
Aptenodytes patagonicus Miller, 177838 pinguim-rei; King Penguin VA (S)
Spheniscus Brisson, 1760
Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster, 1781) pinguim; Magellanic Penguin VS
Eudyptes Vieillot, 1816
Eudyptes chrysolophus (Brandt, 1837)39 pinguim-macaroni; Macaroni Penguin VA (S)
Eudyptes chrysocome (Forster, 1781) pinguim-de-penacho-amarelo; Southern Rockhopper Penguin VA (S)
Eudyptes c. chrysocome (Forster, 1781)40: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
PROCELLARIIFORMES Fürbringer, 1888
Diomedeidae Gray, 1840
Phoebetria Reichenbach, 185341
Phoebetria fusca (Hilsenberg, 1822) piau-preto; Sooty Albatross VS
Phoebetria palpebrata (Forster, 1785) piau-de-costas-claras; Light-mantled Albatross VS#
Thalassarche Reichenbach, 1853
Thalassarche chlororhynchos (Gmelin, 1789)42 albatroz-de-nariz-amarelo; Yellow-nosed Albatross VS
Thalassarche melanophris (Temminck, 1828)43 albatroz-de-sobrancelha; Black-browed Albatross VS
Thalassarche chrysostoma (Forster, 1785) albatroz-de-cabeça-cinza; Gray-headed Albatross VA (S)
Thalassarche cauta (Gould, 1841)44 albatroz-arisco; White-capped Albatross VA (S)
Thalassarche c. cauta (Gould, 1841): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Diomedea Linnaeus, 1758
Diomedea epomophora Lesson, 1825 albatroz-real; Royal Albatross VS
38 A summary of Brazilian records is presented in Barquete et al. (2006).
39 Treated as monotypic by most reference works. H&M includes E. schlegeli as a subspecies of E. crysolophus.
40 E. moseleyi from Tristan da Cunha is considered a full species by some authorities (e.g. the Ornithological Society of New Zealand) which also consider E. c. filholi a distinct species, making E. chrysocome monotypic 
(Banks et al. 2006, Jouventin et al. 2006)
41 A revision of the Brazilian records of both species was presented by Roos & Piacentini (2003).
42 The sister-species T. carteri from the Indian Ocean occurs in southern Africa but has yet to be documented in Brazil (Carlos 2008).
43 For the correct spelling, ratified by ICZN, see Voisin & Carlos (2008).
44 T. c. steadi (breeding on Aukland Is., New Zealand) is considered t be a full species by HBW. Birds captured at sea off Uruguay were confirmed as this taxon, which probably also occurs in Brazillian waters (Jimenez 
et al. 2009).
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Diomedea sanfordi Murphy, 191745 albatroz-real-do-norte; Northern Royal Albatross VS
Diomedea exulans Linnaeus, 1758 albatroz-errante; Wandering Albatross VS
Diomedea dabbenena Mathews, 192946 albatroz-de-tristão; Tristan Albatross VSProcellariidae Leach, 1820
Macronectes Richmond, 1905
Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin, 1789) petrel-grande; Southern Giant-Petrel VS
Macronectes halli Mathews, 1912 petrel-grande-do-norte; Northern Giant-Petrel VS
Fulmarus Stephens, 1826
Fulmarus glacialoides (Smith, 1840) pardelão-prateado; Southern Fulmar VS
Daption Stephens, 1826
Daption capense (Linnaeus, 1758) pomba-do-cabo; Cape Petrel VS
Daption c. capense (Linnaeus, 1758): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Lugensa Mathews, 194247
Lugensa brevirostris (Lesson, 1831)48 grazina-de-bico-curto; Kerguelen Petrel VA (S)
Pterodroma Bonaparte, 1856
[Pterodroma madeira Mathews, 1934]49
[Pterodroma deserta Mathews, 1934]50
Pterodroma mollis (Gould, 1844) grazina-delicada; Soft-plumaged Petrel VS
[Pterodroma hasitata (Kuhl, 1820)]51
Pterodroma incerta (Schlegel, 1863) grazina-de-barriga-branca; Atlantic Petrel VS
Pterodroma lessonii (Garnot, 1826) grazina-de-cabeça-branca; White-headed Petrel VA (S)
Pterodroma macroptera (Smith, 1840) fura-buxo-de-cara-cinza; Great-winged Petrel VA (S)
Pterodroma m. macroptera (Smith, 1840)52: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
45 Previously considered as a subspecies of D. epomophora, with which hybrids have been documented (del Hoyo et al. 1992). Photographic record obtained on the coast of Santa Catarina state (Olmos 2002), which was 
preceded by a specimen from Rio Grande do Sul (Carlos et al. 2004).
46 Previously considered a subspecies of D. exulans; breeds only on Gough and Inaccessible Is. Intricate taxonomic historic; for a revision of the Brazilian records, see Neves & Olmos (2001) and Dénes et al. (2007).
47 Monotypic genus for which the validity has been challenged (see Christides & Boules 2008: 90)
48 Allocated in Aphrodroma (Lesson, 1831), also considered monotypic by CL, IOC, SACC and other authorities.
49 Brazilian occurence (between Ceará and Pernambuco) recorded by geolocators (Zino et al. 2011) without a human observation.
50 Ramirez et al. (2013) have shown that Brazil is a key wintering area for this species using geolocator data, there has yet to be a human observation.
51 Only questionable old sight records; studies with geolocators have not found this species entering Brazilian waters (Simmons et al. 2013), however there is a possibility that it may occur in tropical offshore waters 
north of the Amazon river mouth (Flood & Fisher 2013).
52 First Brazilian unequivocal specimen documented by Bugoni (2006). HBW considers P. m. macroptera (that breed from Tristan da Cunha to the Keguelen and islets outside southwestern Australia) distinct from P. 
m. gouldi (breeding in New Zealand).
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Pterodroma arminjoniana (Giglioli & Salvadori, 1869)53 grazina-de-trindade; Trindade Petrel R
Halobaena Bonaparte, 1856
Halobaena caerulea (Gmelin, 1789) petrel-azul; Blue Petrel VS
Pachyptila Illiger, 181154
Pachyptila vittata (Forster, 1777)55 faigão-de-bico-largo; Broad-billed Prion VA (S)
Pachyptila desolata (Gmelin, 1789)56 faigão-rola; Antarctic Prion VS
Pachyptila belcheri (Mathews, 1912) faigão-de-bico-fino; Slender-billed Prion VS
Bulweria Bonaparte, 1843
Bulweria bulwerii (Jardine & Selby, 1828)57 alma-negra; Bulwer’s Petrel VN#
Procellaria Linnaeus, 1758
Procellaria cinerea Gmelin, 1789 pardela-cinza; Gray Petrel VA (S)
Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus, 175858 pardela-preta; White-chinned Petrel VS
Procellaria conspicillata Gould, 184459 pardela-de-óculos; Spectacled Petrel VS
Calonectris Mathews & Iredale, 1915
Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881)60 cagarra-grande; Cory’s Shearwater VN
Calonectris edwardsii (Oustalet, 1883)61 cagarra-de-cabo-verde; Cape Verde Shearwater VN
Puffinus Brisson, 1760
Puffinus griseus (Gmelin, 1789)62 pardela-escura; Sooty Shearwater VS
Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck, 1836)63 pardela-de-cauda-curta; Short-tailed Shearwater VA
Puffinus gravis (O’Reilly, 1818) pardela-de-barrete; Great Shearwater VS
53 Species with light, intermediate and dark morphs described as distinct species (sandaliata, chionoptera, wilsonii, etc.). In the Atlantic Ocean, breeds only on Trindade Is.
54 One specimen from the south shores of São Paulo state in the private collection of Roberto Antonelli might be P. turtur, the taxon breeding on the Falklands/Malvinas and South Georgia islands.
55 A specimen in the FURG collection places it on the Brazilian list (Carlos 2005). There are other described but not currently recognized subspecies; birds in Brazil may be from Gough Is., where two different morphs 
may represent full species and, as with Oceanofroma castro, potential cases of alochronic speciation (Ryan et al. 2014).
56 There are up to six named subspecies which exhibit substantial variation in bill width and wing and tail lenghts. The majority of authorities (IOC, HBW, OSNZ) do not consider them valid until a proper revision 
of the group is made.
57 A recent photographic record (Klein et al. 2012) represents the first documented record from Brazil.
58 P. a. steadi (not recognized by IOC and HBW) from Antipodes Is. (New Zealand) is bigger and has a tendency to have less white on the chin and different vocalizations. It has been suggested that it occurs in Brazil 
(Grantsau 2010).
59 For a review of Brazilian records, see Olmos (2001).
60 Together with C. edwardsii, previously considered a subspecies of C. diomedea (Scopoli, 1769) which has yet to be documented in Brazil. The three taxa have distinct morphometrics, genetics, phenology and breeding 
sites (Gómes-Diaz et al. 2006).
61 For a revision of Brazilian records, see Petry et al. (2000) and Lima et al. (2002).
62 Included in Ardenna Reichenbach, 1852 (as A. grisea) by Dickinson & Remsen (2013), SACC and HBW together with P. tenuirostris and P. gravis.
63 Specimen from Bahia (Souto et al. 2008).
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Puffinus puffinus (Brünnich, 1764) pardela-sombria; Manx Shearwater VN
[Puffinus assimilis Gould, 1838]
Puffinus a. elegans Giglioli & Salvadori, 186964: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Puffinus lherminieri Lesson, 1839 pardela-de-asa-larga; Audubon’s Shearwater R
Puffinus l. lherminieri Lesson, 183965: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
[Puffinus l. loyemilleri Wetmore, 1959]66: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Hydrobatidae Mathews, 1912
Oceanitinae Forbes, 1882
Fregetta Bonaparte, 185567
Fregetta grallaria (Vieillot, 1818)68 painho-de-barriga-branca; White-bellied Storm-Petrel VS
Fregetta g. leucogaster (Gould, 1844)69: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Fregetta tropica (Gould, 1844)70 painho-de-barriga-preta; Black-bellied Storm-Petrel VS#
Fregetta t. tropica (Gould, 1844)71: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Oceanites Keyserling & Blasius, 1840
Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820)72 alma-de-mestre; Wilson’s Storm-Petrel VS
Oceanites o. oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Oceanites o. exasperatus Mathews, 1912:CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Pelagodroma Reichenbach, 1853
Pelagodroma marina (Latham, 1790)73 calcamar; White-faced Storm-Petrel VA
Pelagodroma m. hypoleuca (Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1842) : CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Hydrobatinae Mathews, 1912
Oceanodroma Reichenbach, 1853
[Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt, 1851)]74
64 Considered full species by HBW. Also see Austin et al. (2004)
65 Fernando de Noronha birds are genetically linked to populations of P. i. iherminieri (Austin et al. 2004)
66 Soto & Filippini (2003) suggest that Fernando de Noronha birds belong to this taxon. Austin et al. (2004) attest that loyemilleri is invalid and Silva e Silva & Olmos (2010) did not found significant morphological 
differences between individuals of the nominate race and those from Fernando de Noronha.
67 This genus is in need of broad revision supported by genetic data; the interspeific limits are not clear and some subspecies might deserve full species status.
68 A photographic record is the first published document for Brazil (Bencke et al. 2010).
69 The white bellied Fregetta petrels from the South Atlantic are a controvertial group. F. g. leucogaster is the name attributed to birds breeding on Inaccessible and Nightingale Is. (Tristan da Cunha archipelago), which 
are morphologically distinct from Gough Is. birds (Howell 2010). The latter (F. g. melanoleuca) are considered a form of F. tropica by IOC.
70 A review of Brazilian records was presented in Olmos (2000a).
71 F. (tropica?) melanoleuca from Gough Is. is a potential candidate to occur in Brazil, but could only be identifiable from specimens. The nominal form breeds on subantarctic islands.
72 A transequetorial migrant; both O. o. oceanicus from the Cape Horn area and O. o. exasperatus from Antarctica and islands South from the Subantactic Convergence occur in Brazil (Grantsau 2010).
73 One specimen from Bahia (Lima et al. 2002).
74 Included in Hydrobates by HBW. “O. castro” is a species complex with cryptic forms that evolved by alochronic speciation. Four occur in the Atlantic Ocean: O. castro (type locality: Desertas Is., Madeira), O. monteiroi 
(Azores Is.), O. jabejabe (Cabo Verde) and an undescribed form (Grant’s Storm Petrel). All of them could potentially occur in Brazil.
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818)75 painho-de-cauda-furcada; Leach’s Storm-Petrel VN
Oceanodroma l. leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818)76: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Pelecanoididae Gray, 1871
Pelecanoides Lacépède, 1799
Pelecanoides magellani (Mathews, 1912) petrel-mergulhador; Magellanic Diving-Petrel VA (S)
PHAETHONTIFORMES Sharpe, 1891
Phaethontidae Brandt, 1840
Phaethon Linnaeus, 1758
Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus, 1758 rabo-de-palha; Red-billed Tropicbird R
Phaethon a. mesonauta Peters, 193077: CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
Phaethon a. aethereus Linnaeus, 1758: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Phaethon rubricauda Boddaert, 178378 rabo-de-palha-de-cauda-vermelha; Red-tailed Tropicbird VA
Phaethon rubricauda ssp.
Phaethon lepturus Daudin, 1802 rabo-de-palha-de-bico-laranja; White-tailed Tropicbird R
Phaethon l. ascensionis (Mathews, 1915): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
CICONIIFORMES Bonaparte, 1854
Ciconiidae Sundevall, 1836
Ciconia Brisson, 1760
Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789) maguari; Maguari Stork R
Jabiru Hellmayr, 1906
Jabiru mycteria (Lichtenstein, 1819) tuiuiú; Jabiru R
Mycteria Linnaeus, 1758
Mycteria americana Linnaeus, 1758 cabeça-seca; Wood Stork R
SULIFORMES Sharpe, 1891
Fregatidae Degland & Gerbe, 1867
Fregata Lacépède, 1799
Fregata magnificens Mathews, 1914 tesourão; Magnificent Frigatebird R
75 Included in Hydrobates (as H. leucorhous) by HBW.
76 At least some birds which winter in northeastern Brazil breed on the northeastern coast of North America (Pollet et al. 2014), where the nominal form occurs.
77 Maranhão specimen cited in Blake (1977).
78 Only documented record was one photographed on the Abrolhos Archipelago (Couto et al. 2001), subspecies undetermined.
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Fregata minor (Gmelin, 1789) tesourão-grande; Great Frigatebird R#
Fregata m. nicolli Mathews, 191479: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Fregata ariel (Gray, 1845) tesourão-pequeno; Lesser Frigatebird R#
Fregata a. trinitatis Miranda-Ribeiro, 191980: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Sulidae Reichenbach, 1849
Morus Vieillot, 1816
Morus capensis (Lichtenstein, 1823)81 atobá-do-cabo; Cape Gannet VA
Morus serrator (Gray, 1843) atobá-australiano; Australasian Gannet VA
Sula Brisson, 1760
Sula dactylatra Lesson, 1831 atobá-grande; Masked Booby R
Sula d. dactylatra Lesson, 1831: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Sula sula (Linnaeus, 1766) atobá-de-pé-vermelho; Red-footed Booby R
Sula s. sula (Linnaeus, 1766): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Sula leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783) atobá; Brown Booby R
Sula l. leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Phalacrocoracidae Reichenbach, 1849
Nannopterum Sharpe, 1899
Nannopterum brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789)82 biguá; Neotropic Cormorant R
Nannopterum b. brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
[Leucocarbo Bonaparte, 1856]
[Leucocarbo bransfieldensis (Murphy, 1936)]83
Anhingidae Reichenbach, 1849
Anhinga Brisson, 1760
Anhinga anhinga (Linnaeus, 1766) biguatinga; Anhinga R
Anhinga a. anhinga (Linnaeus, 1766): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
79 Apparently also present on Santa Helena (Olson 1975), nowadays restricted to Trindade Is. This form was never adequately described or compared to other subspecies of F. minor. Currently lies on the brink of 
extinction.
80 Miranda-Ribeiro (1919) described this form without proper diagnosis; apparently also occurred on Saint Helena and Fernando de Noronha. Olson (1975) suggested that this form should be considered specifically 
distinct based on osteological and juvenile plumage differences. One of the most threatened seabirds.
81 Photograph obtained on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, see Vooren (2004).
82 Traditionally treated in Phalacrocorax. Kennedy & Spencer (2014) showed that Neotropical species, including Galapagos Is., belong to a distinct clade, deserving recognition as the level of the genus.
83 Brazilian record based on a ring found on a carcass in the state of Bahia. The carcass was never examined by an ornithologist; although the ring was supposed put on a L. bransfidensis on Nelson Is., South Shetlands 
(Lima et al. 2002). Subantarctic cormorants do not migrate and are very sedentary. There is thus the possibility that this anomalous record might relate to a clerical error on the ring record (perhaps it was applied to 
a Stercorarius maccormicki) or a carcass discarded by a passing ship.
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
PELECANIFORMES Sharpe, 1891
Pelecanidae Rafinesque, 1815
Pelecanus Linnaeus, 1758
Pelecanus occidentalis Linnaeus, 176684 pelicano; Brown Pelican VA (N)
Pelecanus o. carolinensis Gmelin, 1789: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ardeidae Leach, 1820
Tigrisoma Swainson, 1827
Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert, 1783) socó-boi; Rufescent Tiger-Heron R
Tigrisoma l. lineatum (Boddaert, 1783): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tigrisoma l. marmoratum (Vieillot, 1817)85: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Tigrisoma fasciatum (Such, 1825) socó-jararaca; Fasciated Tiger-Heron R
Tigrisoma f. fasciatum (Such, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Agamia Reichenbach, 1853
Agamia agami (Gmelin, 1789) garça-da-mata; Agami Heron R
Cochlearius Brisson, 1760
Cochlearius cochlearius (Linnaeus, 1766) arapapá; Boat-billed Heron R
Cochlearius c. cochlearius (Linnaeus, 1766): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Zebrilus Bonaparte, 1855
Zebrilus undulatus (Gmelin, 1789) socoí-zigue-zague; Zigzag Heron R
Botaurus Stephens, 1819
Botaurus pinnatus (Wagler, 1829) socó-boi-baio; Pinnated Bittern R
Botaurus p. pinnatus (Wagler, 1829): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ixobrychus Billberg, 1828
Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin, 1789) socoí-vermelho; Least Bittern R
Ixobrychus e. erythromelas (Vieillot, 1817): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ixobrychus involucris (Vieillot, 1823) socoí-amarelo; Stripe-backed Bittern R
Nycticorax Forster, 1817
Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758) socó-dorminhoco ; Black-crowned Night-Heron R
Nycticorax n. hoactli (Gmelin, 1789): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Nycticorax n. nycticorax (Linnaeus, 1758)86: CL, H&M, HBW, IOC
84 The alleged Brazilian record of P. thagus (Patrial et al. 2011) has been shown to be fraudulent (cf. WikiAves). Given the absence of unequivocal records, CBRO has removed this species from the Brazl list.
85 This eastern Brazilian form, occuring outside the Amazon basin, apparently differs from the nominate by size and some diagnostic plumage characters. A revision is needed.
86 The nominal form from the Old World has been recorded on Fernando de Noronha (Silva e Silva & Olmos 2006).
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TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Nyctanassa Stejneger, 188787
Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) savacu-de-coroa; Yellow-crowned Night-Heron R
Nyctanassa v. cayennensis (Gmelin, 1789): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Butorides Blyth, 1852
Butorides striata (Linnaeus, 1758)88 socozinho; Striated Heron R
Butorides s. striata (Linnaeus, 1758): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ardeola Boie, 1822
Ardeola ralloides (Scopoli, 1769)89 garça-caranguejeira; Squacco Heron VA (N)
Ardeola ralloides ssp.
Bubulcus Bonaparte, 1855
Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758)90 garça-vaqueira; Cattle Egret R
Bubulcus i. ibis (Linnaeus, 1758): CL, GR, HBW
Ardea Linnaeus, 1758
Ardea cinerea Linnaeus, 175891 garça-moura-europeia; Gray Heron VA (N)
Ardea c. cinerea Linnaeus, 1758: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
[Ardea herodias Linnaeus, 1758]
Ardea h. occidentalis Audubon, 1835: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ardea cocoi Linnaeus, 1766 garça-moura; Cocoi Heron R
[Ardea purpurea Linnaeus, 1766]
Ardea p. purpurea Linnaeus, 1766: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Ardea alba Linnaeus, 1758 garça-branca; Great Egret R
Ardea a. egretta Gmelin, 1789: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Syrigma Ridgway, 1878
Syrigma sibilatrix (Temminck, 1824) maria-faceira; Whistling Heron R
Syrigma s. sibilatrix (Temminck, 1824): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Pilherodius Reichenbach, 1853
Pilherodius pileatus (Boddaert, 1783) garça-real; Capped Heron R
87 Gregory & Dickinson (2012) indicates that Nyctherodius has priority over Nyctanassa; one petition for the maintenance of the junior synonym will be presented soon (cf. Chesser et al. 2013)
88 Correct grammar sensu David & Gosselin (2002b).
89 Photographic records obtained from 2004 onwards on Fernando de Noronha (Silva e Silva & Olmos 2006). Two subspecies recognized by H&M and HBW, one from Eurasia (nominal) and another from sub-saharan 
Africa and Madagascar (A. r. paludivaga Clancey, 1968). Subspecific status unknown in Brazil since no specimens have been collected.
90 Considered monotipic by IOC.
91 Photographic records in Silva e Silva & Olmos (2006) for Fernando de Noronha in 2003.
112
 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
 Revista Brasileira de O
rnitologia, 23(2), 2015
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
m
ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
om
itê Brasileiro de Registros O
rnitológicos
Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian O
rnithological Records C
om
m
ittee / 
Lista com
entada das aves do Brasil pelo C
om
itê Brasileiro de Registros O
rnitológicos
TaxON NamE PORTuguEsE / ENglIsH NamEs sTaTus
Egretta Forster, 1817
Egretta tricolor (Statius Muller, 1776) garça-tricolor; Tricolored Heron R
Egretta t. tricolor (Statius Muller, 1776): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Egretta gularis (Bosc, 1792)92 garça-negra; Western Reef-Heron VA (N)
Egretta gularis ssp.
Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus, 1766)93 garça-pequena-europeia; Little Egret VA (N)
Egretta garzetta ssp.
Egretta thula (Molina, 1782) garça-branca-pequena; Snowy Egret R
Egretta t. thula (Molina, 1782)94: CL, GR, HBW, IOC
Egretta caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) garça-azul; Little Blue Heron R
Threskiornithidae Poche, 1904
Eudocimus Wagler, 1832
Eudocimus ruber (Linnaeus, 1758) guará; Scarlet Ibis R
Plegadis Kaup, 1829
Plegadis chihi (Vieillot, 1817) caraúna; White-faced Ibis R
Cercibis Wagler, 1832
Cercibis oxycerca (Spix, 1825) trombeteiro; Sharp-tailed Ibis R#
Mesembrinibis Peters, 1930
Mesembrinibis cayennensis (Gmelin, 1789) coró-coró; Green Ibis R
Phimosus Wagler, 1832
Phimosus infuscatus (Lichtenstein, 1823)95 tapicuru; Bare-faced Ibis R
Phimosus i. berlepschi Hellmayr, 1903: CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Phimosus i. nudifrons (Spix, 1825): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Phimosus i. infuscatus (Lichtenstein, 1823): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
Theristicus Wagler, 1832
Theristicus caerulescens (Vieillot, 1817) curicaca-real; Plumbeous Ibis R
Theristicus caudatus (Boddaert, 1783)96 curicaca; Buff-necked Ibis R
Theristicus c. caudatus (Boddaert, 1783): CL, GR, H&M, HBW, IOC
92 Photographic record obtained from Atol das Rocas (Fedrizzi et al. 2007). Undetermined subspecies, probably the nominal form. The record presented in Silva e Silva & Olmos (2006) refers to a young Bubulcus ibis.
93 Occurrence confirmed by photographic records on the São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago (Bencke et al. 2005), with previous records discussed. Undetermined subspecies, probably the nominal form.
94 Dickinson & Remsen (2013) and Cements et al. (2014) consider it to be a monotypic species. 
95 Main diagnoses of the three forms occuring in Brazil refer to bare part coloration and the amount of glossy feathers on back. Taxonomic revision of the complex is encouraged.
96 The two forms exclude each other geographicaly in Brazil. A taxonomic revision