<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33774319-b4af-4ec0-aceb-391de7090d48/bg1.png"></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w1 h1"><img class="bi x1 y1 w2 h2" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/33774319-b4af-4ec0-aceb-391de7090d48/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Food chemi<span class="_0 blank"></span>cal safety</div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1">Volume<span class="_1 blank"> </span>2:<span class="_1 blank"> </span>Additives</div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 y4 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2">Edited by</div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y5 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3">David H. Watson</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-29.520000,-24.480000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y6 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y7 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">Abington Hall, Abington</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y8 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">Cambridge CB1 6AH</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y9 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0">England</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 ya ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0">www.woodhead-publishing.com</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yb ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">Published in<span class="_2 blank"> </span>North America<span class="_2 blank"> </span>by CRC Press LLC</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yc ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">2000 Corporate Blvd, NW</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yd ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">Boca Raton FL 33431</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 ye ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0">USA</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yf ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws7">First published<span class="_2 blank"> </span>2002, Woodhead<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Publishing Limited<span class="_2 blank"> </span>and CRC<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Press LLC</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y10 ff3 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1">ß<span class="ff2 ls0 wsa">2002, Woodhead Publishing Limited</span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y11 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsb">The authors have asserted their moral rights.</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y12 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsc">This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources.</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y13 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">Reprinted material<span class="_2 blank"> </span>is quoted<span class="_2 blank"> </span>with permission, and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>sources are indicated.<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Reasonable</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y14 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors<span class="_3 blank"> </span>and</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y15 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsc">the publishers cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. 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The book opens with an explanation<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of risk analysis<span class="_2 blank"> </span>and analytical<span class="_2 blank"> </span>methods</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y35 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws9">used for detecting contaminants<span class="_2 blank"> </span>in<span class="_2 blank"> </span>food products. This is followed<span class="_2 blank"> </span>by full details<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y36 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wse">relevant EU and USA regulations. The second part of the book provides information</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y37 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws19">about specific contaminants.</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y38 ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1a">Instrumentation and sensors in the food industry <span class="ff2 ws1b">Second edition (ISBN: 1 85573 560 1)</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y39 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">The first edition of this book quickly established<span class="_2 blank"> </span>itself<span class="_2 blank"> </span>as a standard work in its field,</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y3a ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsc">providing an authoritative and practical<span class="_2 blank"> </span>guide to the range of instrumentation<span class="_2 blank"> </span>and</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y3b ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsc">sensors available to the food industry professional. This new edition has been</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y3c ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">comprehensively revised<span class="_2 blank"> </span>to include new<span class="_2 blank"> </span>developments<span class="_2 blank"> </span>and techniques.</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y3d ff4 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1c">Making the<span class="_2 blank"> </span>most of HACCP<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ws1d">(ISBN: 1 85573 504 0)</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y3e ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws11">Based on the<span class="_2 blank"> </span>experience<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of those who have<span class="_2 blank"> </span>successfully<span class="_2 blank"> </span>implemented<span class="_2 blank"> </span>HACCP</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y3f ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5">systems, this book will meet the needs of food processing businesses at all stages of</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y40 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">HACCP system development. The collection<span class="_2 blank"> </span>is edited<span class="_2 blank"> </span>by two internationally</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y41 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws13">recognised HACCP experts<span class="_3 blank"> </span>and includes chapters reflecting the experience of both</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y42 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsf">major companies such as Cargill, Heinz and Sainsbury and the particular challenges</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y43 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wse">facing SMEs. The scope of the book is truly international with experiences<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of HACCP</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y44 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1d">implementation<span class="_2 blank"> </span>in countries<span class="_2 blank"> </span>such as Thailand,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>India,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>China and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Poland.</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y45 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsf">Details of these books and a complete list of Woodhead\u2019s food science, technology</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y46 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wsd">and nutrition titles can be obtained by:</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y47 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls2">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws9">visiting our web site at<span class="_2 blank"> </span>www.woodhead-publishing.com</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y48 ff5 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls2">\u2022<span class="ff2 ls0 ws8">contacting Customer<span class="_2 blank"> </span>services (email:<span class="_2 blank"> </span>sales@woodhead-publishing.com;<span class="_2 blank"> </span>fax: +44 (0)</span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y49 ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws8">1223 893694; tel.: +44 (0) 1223 891358 ext. 30; address:<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Woodhead Publishing</div><div class="t m0 x9 h6 y4a ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1e">Limited,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Abington Hall, Abington,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Cambridge CB1 6AH, England)</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y4b ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4">If you would like to receive<span class="_2 blank"> </span>information<span class="_2 blank"> </span>on forthcoming titles<span class="_2 blank"> </span>in this area,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>please send</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y4c ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 wse">your address details to: Francis Dodds (address, tel. and fax as above; e-mail:</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y4d ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws1f">francisd@woodhead-publishing.com). Please confirm which subject areas you are</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y4e ff2 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws20">interested in.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-46.080000,-47.520000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 xa h8 y4f ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws21">List of contributors<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws22">..<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... x<span class="_6 blank"></span>i</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y50 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws23">Part I<span class="_7 blank"> </span>General issues<span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws24">...............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 1</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y51 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws25">1<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Introduction <span class="ff7 ls3 ws24">................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y52 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws26">D.<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Watson,<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Standards<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Agency ,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>London</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y53 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">1.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Background<span class="_b blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws24">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y54 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">1.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>Controls<span class="_4 blank"> </span>on<span class="_2 blank"> </span>addi tives<span class="_8 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws24">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y55 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">1.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Future<span class="_2 blank"> </span>work<span class="_4 blank"> </span>on<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_e blank"> </span>. . . . . <span class="ls3 ws24">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y56 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">1.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Acknowledgeme<span class="_0 blank"> </span>nt<span class="_2 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>dedi<span class="_0 blank"> </span>cation<span class="_e blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws29">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y57 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">1.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws29">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y58 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">2<span class="_9 blank"> </span>The regulation of additives in the EU<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws29">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y59 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2b">D. W. Flowerdew, Consultant (formerly Leatherhead Food RA)</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y5a ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">2.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introduction<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws29">............................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y5b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">2.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>The<span class="_4 blank"> </span>key<span class="_2 blank"> </span>direct<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ives<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. . . . . <span class="ls3 ws29">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y5c ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">2.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Future<span class="_2 blank"> </span>developm<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ents<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws29">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y5d ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">2.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Sources<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>further<span class="_4 blank"> </span>information<span class="_f blank"> </span>and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>advi ce<span class="_10 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws29">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y5e ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">2.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws29">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 3<span class="_6 blank"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y5f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">Appendix:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>List<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_2 blank"> </span>E<span class="_4 blank"> </span>numb<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ers<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>permi<span class="_0 blank"> </span>tted<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_11 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . .<span class="_a blank"> </span>32</div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y60 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">3<span class="_9 blank"> </span>The regulation of additives in the USA<span class="_e blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws29">......................... 4<span class="_12 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y61 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2d">P.<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Curtis,<span class="_4 blank"> </span>North<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Carolina<span class="_4 blank"> </span>State<span class="_4 blank"> </span>University,<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Ralei gh</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y62 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">3.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introduction<span class="_11 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws29">..........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y63 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws26">3.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>Food<span class="_2 blank"> </span>additive<span class="_f blank"> </span>laws<span class="_2 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>amendm ents<span class="_13 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws29">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y64 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">3.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Federal<span class="_4 blank"> </span>agencies<span class="_4 blank"> </span>resp<span class="_0 blank"> </span>onsible<span class="_2 blank"> </span>for<span class="_4 blank"> </span>enforcem<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ent<span class="_11 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws29">.......... 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 xa hb y65 ff8 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0">Contents</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-29.520000,-36.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y30 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">3.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Generally<span class="_4 blank"> </span>reco<span class="_0 blank"> </span>gnized<span class="_4 blank"> </span>as<span class="_4 blank"> </span>safe<span class="_2 blank"> </span>(GRAS)<span class="_4 blank"> </span>substances<span class="_14 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y66 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">3.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Prior<span class="_2 blank"> </span>sancti<span class="_0 blank"> </span>oned<span class="_4 blank"> </span>substances<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y67 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">3.6<span class="_a blank"> </span>Color<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y68 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">3.7<span class="_a blank"> </span>Pesticide<span class="_4 blank"> </span>residue s<span class="_15 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y69 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">3.8<span class="_a blank"> </span>Setting<span class="_4 blank"> </span>tolerance<span class="_f blank"> </span>levels<span class="_2 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 4<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6a ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">3.9<span class="_a blank"> </span>The<span class="_4 blank"> </span>approval<span class="_4 blank"> </span>process<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 5<span class="_6 blank"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">3.10<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 5<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y6c ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">Part II<span class="_7 blank"> </span>Analysing additives<span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 5<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y6d ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws30">4<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Risk analysis of food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws2e">................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 6<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y6e ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">D. R.<span class="_f blank"> </span>Tennant, Consultant,<span class="_4 blank"> </span>UK</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">4.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introductio<span class="_0 blank"> </span>n<span class="_e blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 6<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y70 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws31">4.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>Hazard<span class="_4 blank"> </span>identifi cation<span class="_4 blank"> </span>in<span class="_4 blank"> </span>the<span class="_4 blank"> </span>food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>chain<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 6<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y71 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">4.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Dose-response<span class="_2 blank"> </span>char acterisati<span class="_18 blank"> </span>on<span class="_8 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 6<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y72 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws32">4.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Exposure<span class="_4 blank"> </span>analysis<span class="_7 blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 6<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y73 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">4.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Risk<span class="_2 blank"> </span>evaluat<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ion<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y74 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws33">4.6<span class="_a blank"> </span>Methods<span class="_2 blank"> </span>for<span class="_4 blank"> </span>risk<span class="_4 blank"> </span>managem ent<span class="_19 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y75 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">4.7<span class="_a blank"> </span>Risk<span class="_2 blank"> </span>commun<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ication<span class="_3 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y76 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">4.8<span class="_a blank"> </span>Future<span class="_4 blank"> </span>trends<span class="_18 blank"> </span>. . . . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y77 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">4.9<span class="_a blank"> </span>Conclusion<span class="_1a blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y78 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">4.10<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Sources<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>further<span class="_4 blank"> </span>inform<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ation<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>advice<span class="_15 blank"> </span>. .<span class="_d blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y79 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">4.11<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y7a ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws34">5<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Analytical meth<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ods: quality control<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and selection<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws2e">.............. 7<span class="_12 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y7b ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws35">R.<span class="_f blank"> </span>Wood, Food Standards Agency, Norwich</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7c ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">5.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introductio<span class="_0 blank"> </span>n<span class="_e blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 7<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7d ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws36">5.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>Legislative<span class="_f blank"> </span>requirements<span class="_13 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 8<span class="_6 blank"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7e ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">5.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>FSA<span class="_2 blank"> </span>surveillance<span class="_f blank"> </span>requirements<span class="_1b blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 8<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">5.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Laboratory<span class="_4 blank"> </span>accredi<span class="_0 blank"> </span>tation<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>qual ity<span class="_4 blank"> </span>cont rol<span class="_14 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 8<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y80 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws37">5.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Proficienc y<span class="_2 blank"> </span>tes ting<span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws2e">............................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 8<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y81 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">5.6<span class="_a blank"> </span>Analytical<span class="_4 blank"> </span>methods<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 9<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y82 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">5.7<span class="_a blank"> </span>Standardised<span class="_4 blank"> </span>methods<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>anal<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ysis<span class="_2 blank"> </span>for<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws2e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 9<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y83 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws32">5.8<span class="_a blank"> </span>The<span class="_4 blank"> </span>future<span class="_4 blank"> </span>direction<span class="_4 blank"> </span>for<span class="_4 blank"> </span>methods<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>analysi s<span class="_1c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y84 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">5.9<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y85 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws32">Appendix:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Information<span class="_4 blank"> </span>for<span class="_4 blank"> </span>potential<span class="_f blank"> </span>contractors<span class="_4 blank"> </span>on<span class="_2 blank"> </span>the</div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y86 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws39">analytica<span class="_0 blank"> </span>l quality assuranc<span class="_0 blank"> </span>e requirements<span class="_4 blank"> </span>for food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>chemical</div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y87 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">surveillance<span class="_4 blank"> </span>exercises<span class="_15 blank"> </span>. . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y88 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">6<span class="_9 blank"> </span>New methods in detecting food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additive<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_1d blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws38">...............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>1<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y89 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3a">C. J. Blake, Nestle</div><div class="t m0 xc ha y8a ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls4">´<span class="ls0 ws3b v0">Res earch<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Centr e,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Lausanne</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y8b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">6.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introductio<span class="_0 blank"> </span>n<span class="_1c blank"> </span>. . . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>1<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y8c ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3c">6.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_4 blank"> </span>or<span class="_4 blank"> </span>research<span class="_4 blank"> </span>methods<span class="_1d blank"> </span>. <span class="ls3 ws38">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>1<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y8d ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">6.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Rapid<span class="_4 blank"> </span>or<span class="_2 blank"> </span>alter<span class="_0 blank"> </span>native<span class="_4 blank"> </span>methods<span class="_f blank"> </span>. . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>2<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y8e ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">6.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Future<span class="_4 blank"> </span>trends<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. .<span class="_d blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws38">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>3<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y8f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3d">vi Contents</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-51.120000,-47.520000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y30 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">6.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Sources<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>further<span class="_4 blank"> </span>information<span class="_f blank"> </span>and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>advi ce<span class="_10 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>3<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y66 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">6.6<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>3<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y68 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">7<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Adverse reactions to food additives<span class="_1c blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws3e">.....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y69 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws40">M. A. Kantor, Univer<span class="_0 blank"> </span>sity of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Maryland</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6a ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">7.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introduction<span class="_11 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">7.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>Consumer<span class="_4 blank"> </span>attitude<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_2 blank"> </span>about<span class="_4 blank"> </span>food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_11 blank"> </span>. . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y90 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">7.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reporting<span class="_4 blank"> </span>adverse<span class="_4 blank"> </span>reac<span class="_0 blank"> </span>tions<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_12 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6c ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">7.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Controversial<span class="_4 blank"> </span>food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additiv es<span class="_10 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>5<span class="_6 blank"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y91 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">7.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Summary<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>conclusions<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>6<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6d ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">7.6<span class="_a blank"> </span>Future<span class="_2 blank"> </span>trends<span class="_f blank"> </span>and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>direct<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ions<span class="_7 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>6<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6e ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">7.7<span class="_a blank"> </span>Sources<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>further<span class="_4 blank"> </span>information<span class="_f blank"> </span>and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>advi ce<span class="_10 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>6<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">7.8<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>6<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y71 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">Part III<span class="_7 blank"> </span>Specific additives<span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws3e">......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>7<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h9 y73 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3d">8 Colorants<span class="_1e blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>7<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y74 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws41">F. Jack Francis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y75 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">8.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introduction<span class="_11 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>7<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y76 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>Food,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>drug<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>cosmetic<span class="_4 blank"> </span>colo<span class="_0 blank"> </span>rants<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>7<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y77 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Carotenoid<span class="_4 blank"> </span>extracts<span class="_1c blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>7<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y78 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Lycopene<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y79 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws42">8.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Lutein <span class="ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y92 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.6<span class="_a blank"> </span>Annatto<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>saffron<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7a ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws43">8.7<span class="_a blank"> </span>Paprika <span class="ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2c">8.8<span class="_a blank"> </span>Synthetic<span class="_4 blank"> </span>caro tenoids<span class="_8 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7c ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">8.9<span class="_a blank"> </span>Anthocyanins<span class="_8 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7d ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.10<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Betalains<span class="_11 blank"> </span>. . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7e ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3c">8.11<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Chlorophylls<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. <span class="ls3 ws3e">..........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.12<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Tumeric<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y80 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws26">8.13<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Cochineal<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>carmi ne<span class="_14 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_12 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y81 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.14<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Monascus<span class="_2 blank"> </span>. . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y82 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.15<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Iridoids<span class="_1c blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y83 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.16<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Phycobilins<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 1<span class="_12 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y84 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.17<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Caramel<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 1<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y85 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.18<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Brown<span class="_2 blank"> </span>polyphenols<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y86 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.19<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Titanium<span class="_4 blank"> </span>dioxide<span class="_14 blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_12 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y87 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3c">8.20<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Carbon<span class="_2 blank"> </span>black<span class="_14 blank"> </span>. <span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y93 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">8.21<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Miscellaneous<span class="_4 blank"> </span>colorants<span class="_15 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y88 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.22<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Outlook<span class="_b blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y89 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">8.23<span class="_16 blank"> </span>References<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>................. 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y8f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws44">Contents vii</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-28.800000,-47.520000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x8 h9 y30 ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">9<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Safety assessment of flavor ingre<span class="_0 blank"> </span>dients<span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws38">..........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_12 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y66 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws45">K.<span class="_2 blank"> </span>R.<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Schrankel<span class="_2 blank"> </span>and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>P.<span class="_2 blank"> </span>L.<span class="_3 blank"> </span>Bolen,<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Internat ional<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Flavors<span class="_2 blank"> </span>&<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Fragrances,</div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y67 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws46">Union Beach and R.<span class="_f blank"> </span>Petersen, Internat<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ional Flavors & Fragrances,</div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y68 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws47">Dayton</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y69 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">9.1<span class="_a blank"> </span>Introductio<span class="_0 blank"> </span>n: definition<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and u<span class="_0 blank"> </span>se of flavoring substanc<span class="_0 blank"> </span>es<span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6a ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">9.2<span class="_a blank"> </span>The<span class="_4 blank"> </span>range<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>sources<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_2 blank"> </span>flavoring<span class="_f blank"> </span>ingredients<span class="_11 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws48">9.3<span class="_a blank"> </span>Basic<span class="_4 blank"> </span>principle s<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>safety<span class="_4 blank"> </span>evaluat ion<span class="_e blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y90 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws49">9.4<span class="_a blank"> </span>Regulatory groups<span class="_19 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>1<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y6c ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">9.5<span class="_a blank"> </span>Reference<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y6d ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3d">10 Sweeteners<span class="_1f blank"> </span><span class="ff7">228</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y6e ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4a">G.<span class="_2 blank"> </span>von<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Rymon<span class="_f blank"> </span>Lipinski,<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Nutrovina<span class="_f blank"> </span>Nutrition<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Specialit ies<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Food</div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y6f ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws39">Ingredients GmbH, Frankfurt</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y70 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.1<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Introduction<span class="_e blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>2<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y71 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.2<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Definitions<span class="_14 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>2<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y72 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.3<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Functionality<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and<span class="_4 blank"> </span>uses<span class="_11 blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>2<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y73 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws32">10.4<span class="_16 blank"> </span>The<span class="_2 blank"> </span>avai lable<span class="_f blank"> </span>sweeteners<span class="_f blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>3<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y74 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4b">10.5<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Sweetener<span class="_4 blank"> </span>safety<span class="_4 blank"> </span>testing<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. <span class="ls3 ws38">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>3<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y75 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.6<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Case<span class="_2 blank"> </span>stud<span class="_0 blank"> </span>y:<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Acesulfame<span class="_f blank"> </span>K<span class="_17 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>3<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y76 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws36">10.7<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Other<span class="_2 blank"> </span>sweetener s<span class="_8 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>3<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y77 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4c">10.8<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Regulatory<span class="_4 blank"> </span>status<span class="_10 blank"> </span>. <span class="ls3 ws38">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y78 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.9<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Analytical<span class="_4 blank"> </span>methods<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y79 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3c">10.10<span class="_19 blank"> </span>Outlook<span class="_14 blank"> </span>. <span class="ls3 ws38">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y92 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.11<span class="_19 blank"> </span>Summary<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7a ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.12<span class="_19 blank"> </span>Bibliography<span class="_14 blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_d blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws38">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">10.13<span class="_19 blank"> </span>References<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y7d ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4d">11<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Food additives, other<span class="_4 blank"> </span>than<span class="_4 blank"> </span>colours<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and sweeteners<span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws38">............. 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y7e ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4e">Brian<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Whitehouse,<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Consultant,<span class="_4 blank"> </span>UK</div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y7f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">11.1<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Introduction:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>classifying<span class="_4 blank"> </span>the<span class="_4 blank"> </span>range<span class="_f blank"> </span>of<span class="_2 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. . . . . . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>4<span class="_6 blank"></span>9</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y80 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">11.2<span class="_16 blank"> </span>The<span class="_2 blank"> </span>regulat<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ory<span class="_4 blank"> </span>background<span class="_10 blank"> </span>. . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>5<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y81 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws4f">11.3<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Acceptabl<span class="_0 blank"> </span>e daily intake (ADI)<span class="_13 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>5<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y82 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws34">11.4<span class="_16 blank"> </span>JECFA safety evaluation<span class="_e blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>5<span class="_12 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y83 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">11.5<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Summary<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. . . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws38">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>5<span class="_6 blank"></span>7</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y84 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws50">Appendix<span class="_2 blank"> </span>1:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Specificatio ns<span class="_4 blank"> </span>for<span class="_2 blank"> </span>food<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additives<span class="_4 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">....<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>5<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y85 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">Appendix<span class="_2 blank"> </span>2:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Acc eptable<span class="_f blank"> </span>daily<span class="_2 blank"> </span>int ake<span class="_4 blank"> </span>(ADI)<span class="_4 blank"> </span>values<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and</div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y86 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws37">references<span class="_4 blank"> </span>by<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additi ve<span class="_2 blank"> </span>categor y<span class="_15 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>6<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y87 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">Appendix<span class="_2 blank"> </span>3:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Acc eptable<span class="_f blank"> </span>daily<span class="_2 blank"> </span>int ake<span class="_4 blank"> </span>(ADI)<span class="_4 blank"> </span>values<span class="_4 blank"> </span>and</div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y93 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">references<span class="_4 blank"> </span>by<span class="_4 blank"> </span>additi<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ve<span class="_2 blank"> </span>name<span class="_2 blank"> </span>. . . . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws38">..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>7<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y88 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">11.6<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Bibliography<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>2</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y8b ff8 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws51">12<span class="_9 blank"> </span>Case study: antioxidant preservatives<span class="_13 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws38">...................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>........ 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y8c ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3a">K. M\u0131</div><div class="t m0 xf ha y94 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws47">´<span class="v0">kova</span></div><div class="t m0 x10 ha y94 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls5">´<span class="ls0 ws39 v0">, Institute of Chemi<span class="_0 blank"> </span>cal Technology<span class="_0 blank"> </span>, Prague</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y8d ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">12.1<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Introduction<span class="_e blank"> </span>. . . . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">...........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>. 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>3</span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h8 y8e ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">12.2<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Toxicological<span class="_f blank"> </span>aspects<span class="_11 blank"> </span>. . . . <span class="ls3 ws38">.....................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............... 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>4</span></div><div class="t m0 xa h8 y8f ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws52">viii Contents</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-50.400000,-47.520000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y30 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws53">12.3<span class="_16 blank"> </span>The <span class="ff6 ws4e">Codex<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Ali mentarius<span class="_1d blank"> </span></span><span class="ls3 ws3e">...<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y66 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">12.4<span class="_16 blank"> </span>The<span class="_2 blank"> </span>regulatio<span class="_0 blank"> </span>n<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>antioxidant<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_2 blank"> </span>in<span class="_4 blank"> </span>the<span class="_4 blank"> </span>EU<span class="_8 blank"> </span>. . .<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">................. 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>8<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y67 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws48">12.5<span class="_16 blank"> </span>The<span class="_2 blank"> </span>regulatio n<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>antioxidant s<span class="_2 blank"> </span>in<span class="_4 blank"> </span>the<span class="_4 blank"> </span>USA<span class="_13 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>1</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y68 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws48">12.6<span class="_16 blank"> </span>The<span class="_2 blank"> </span>regulatio n<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>antioxidant s<span class="_2 blank"> </span>in<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Australia<span class="_1c blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">................. 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>5</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y69 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">12.7<span class="_16 blank"> </span>The<span class="_2 blank"> </span>regulatio<span class="_0 blank"> </span>n<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>antioxidant<span class="_0 blank"> </span>s<span class="_2 blank"> </span>in<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Japan<span class="_1 blank"> </span>. . . . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.......<span class="_0 blank"> </span>.......... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y6a ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws54">12.8<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Future<span class="_2 blank"> </span>trends<span class="_13 blank"> </span>. <span class="ls3 ws3e">..........<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 2<span class="_6 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>6</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y6b ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">12.9<span class="_16 blank"> </span>Sources<span class="_2 blank"> </span>of<span class="_4 blank"> </span>further<span class="_4 blank"> </span>information<span class="_f blank"> </span>and<span class="_2 blank"> </span>advi ce<span class="_19 blank"> </span>.<span class="_c blank"> </span>.<span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws3e">................. 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y90 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws28">12.10<span class="_19 blank"> </span>References<span class="_19 blank"> </span>. . . <span class="ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>............. 2<span class="_12 blank"></span>9<span class="_6 blank"></span>8</span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y91 ff6 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws55">Index <span class="ff7 ls3 ws3e">.................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_0 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_0 blank"> </span>...... 3<span class="_6 blank"></span>0<span class="_6 blank"></span>0</span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h8 y95 ff7 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws56">Contents ix</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-36.000000,-47.520000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w1 h1" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w1 h1"><div class="t m0 x7 h7 y96 ff9 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">Chapter 1</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y97 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws32">Dr<span class="_2 blank"> </span>David<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Wat son</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y98 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">Food Standards Agency</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y99 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws23">Room 516C</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y9a ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws57">Aviation House</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y9b ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws58">125 Kingsway</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y9c ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws46">London WC2B 6NH</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y9d ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">Tel: +44 (0)2<span class="_0 blank"> </span>0 7276 8537</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y9e ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">Fax: +44 (0)20 7276 8514</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 y9f ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">E-mail:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>davi d.watson@foodstandar ds.</div><div class="t m0 x12 h8 ya0 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws47">gsi.gov.uk</div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 ya1 ff9 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">Chapter 2</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ya2 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">Dr D. W. Flowerdew</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ya3 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws21">8 Broomhurst Court</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ya4 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws59">Ridgeway Road</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ya5 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">Dorking RH4 3EY</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ya6 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws21">Tel/Fax: +44 (0)1306 886626</div><div class="t m0 x7 h8 ya7 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5a">E-mail: d.flowerdew@foodlaw.</div><div class="t m0 x12 h8 ya8 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">demon.co.uk</div><div class="t m0 x13 h7 y96 ff9 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">Chapter 3</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y97 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5b">Professor Patricia<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Curtis</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y98 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">Department<span class="_4 blank"> </span>of Food Scien<span class="_0 blank"> </span>ce</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y99 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">North<span class="_2 blank"> </span>Carol ina<span class="_4 blank"> </span>State<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Univer sity</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y9a ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws39">Box 7624</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y9b ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0">Raleigh</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y9c ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws40">NC 27695-7624</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya9 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0">USA</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y9e ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">Tel: 001 919<span class="_4 blank"> </span>515 2<span class="_0 blank"> </span>956</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 y9f ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws58">Fax: 001 919 515 7124</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya0 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5a">E-mail: Pat_Curtis@ncsu.edu</div><div class="t m0 x13 h7 ya1 ff9 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws17">Chapter 4</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya2 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5c">Dr David Tennant</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya3 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2a">Food Chemical<span class="_4 blank"> </span>Risk Ana<span class="_0 blank"> </span>lysis</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya4 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws5b">14 St Mary\u2019s Square</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya5 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0">Brighton</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 yaa ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws51">East Sussex BN2 1FZ</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya7 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws2f">Tel: +44 (0)1<span class="_0 blank"> </span>273 241753</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 ya8 ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws3f">Fax: +44 (0)1273 276358</div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 yab ffa fs5 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws27">E-mail:<span class="_4 blank"> </span>davi d-t@dircon.co.uk</div><div class="t m0 x7 hb yac ff9 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls0">Contributors</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,-14.400000,-47.520000]}'></div></div>
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