<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0">COL<span class="ff2 sc1 ls5 ws0">É</span><span class="ls1 ws2">GIO <span class="_0 blank"></span>NAVAL </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">MARINHA <span class="_0 blank"></span>DO <span class="_1 blank"></span>BRASIL </div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws1">TERM<span class="_2 blank"></span>OQ<span class="_2 blank"></span>U<span class="_2 blank"></span><span class="ff2 sc1 ls2">Í</span><span class="ws2">M<span class="_2 blank"></span>I<span class="_2 blank"></span>CA<span class="_2 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h4 y4 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">GM (RM2 <span class="ff3 sc1 ls4">\u2013</span> T) THAIS <span class="_1 blank"></span>SILVA </div><div class="t m0 x5 h4 y5 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h4 y6 ff1 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls0">2012<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">2 </div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y8 ff1 fs4 fc2 sc2 ls5 ws2">OB<span class="_2 blank"></span>JET<span class="_2 blank"> </span>IVOS<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y9 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc3 ls5 ws2">Conceituar <span class="_3 blank"> </span>processos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>exot<span class="ff5 ws3">é</span>rmicos, </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ya ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws4">endot<span class="ff5 ws3">é</span><span class="ws2">rmicos e entalpia de um processo. </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 yb ff4 fs6 fc2 sc1 ls7">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc3 lsb ws4">Conceituar<span class="ls5 ws2"> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>resolver <span class="_5 blank"> </span></span>exerc<span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">í</span>cios<span class="ls8 ws2"> </span>que<span class="ls9 ws2"> </span>envolvam<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yc ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws4">rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çõ</span><span class="ws2">es de forma<span class="ff5 ws3">çã</span>o de subst<span class="ff5 ws3">â</span>ncias. </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yd ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc3 ls5 ws2">Conceituar <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>resolver <span class="_5 blank"> </span>exerc<span class="ff5 ws3">í</span>cios <span class="_4 blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>envolvam<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 ye ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws4">rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çõ</span><span class="ws2">es de combust<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span>o de subst<span class="ff5 ws3">â</span>ncias. </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 yf ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc3 ls5 ws2">Conceituar <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_4 blank"> </span>resolver <span class="_5 blank"> </span>exerc<span class="ff5 ws3">í</span>cios <span class="_4 blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>envolvem<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y10 ff1 fs6 fc3 sc1 lsb ws4">energia<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span>de<span class="lsa ws2"> </span>liga<span class="ff5 lsc ws3">çã</span><span class="ls5 ws2">o. </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">3 </div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y8 ff1 fs4 fc2 sc2 ls5 ws2">OB<span class="_2 blank"></span>JET<span class="_2 blank"> </span>IVOS<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y11 ff4 fs6 fc2 sc1 ls7">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc3 lsb ws4">Relacionar<span class="lsd ws2"> </span>os<span class="lsd ws2"> </span>fatores<span class="lsd ws2"> </span>que<span class="lsd ws2"> </span>alteram<span class="lsd ws2"> a<span class="_6 blank"></span> <span class="lsb ws4">entalpia</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y12 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws2">de um processo. </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y13 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc3 ls5 ws2">Enunciar e aplicar a lei de Hess. </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y14 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc3 ls5 ws4">Reconhecer,<span class="lse ws2"> <span class="ls5">equacionar <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>aplicar <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>conceito </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y15 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws2">de Entropia <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e gra<span class="_0 blank"></span>u de des<span class="_0 blank"></span>organiza<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ws3">çã</span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de um </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y16 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws2">sistema; <span class="_9 blank"> </span>prever <span class="_9 blank"> </span>a <span class="_9 blank"> </span>espontaneidade <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de <span class="_9 blank"> </span>processos </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y17 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws4">termoqu<span class="ff5 ws3">í</span><span class="ws2">micos <span class="_a blank"> </span>usando <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>f<span class="ff5 ws3">ó</span>rmula <span class="_a blank"> </span>da <span class="_a blank"> </span>ene<span class="_1 blank"></span>rgia <span class="_a blank"> </span>livre </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y18 ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws2">de Gibbs. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">4 </div><div class="t m0 xa h9 y19 ff1 fs4 fc2 sc2 lsf">T<span class="ff2 sc1 ls5 ws6">Ó</span><span class="ws7">PICOS</span><span class="ls5 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y1a ff1 fs6 fc2 sc1 lsb ws8">1. <span class="fc3 ws4">Introdu<span class="ff5 lsc ws3">çã</span><span class="ws2">o <span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">à</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span>Termoqu<span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">í<span class="_1 blank"></span><span class="ff1 lsb ws4">mica.<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y1b ff1 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls5 ws8">2. <span class="fc3 ws2">Entalpia padr<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span>o de forma<span class="ff5 ws3">çã</span>o. </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y1c ff1 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls5 ws8">3. <span class="fc3 ws2">Entalpia padr<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span>o de combust<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span>o. </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y1d ff1 fs6 fc2 sc1 lsb ws8">4. <span class="fc3 ws2">Entalpia padr<span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">ã</span>o de liga<span class="ff5 lsc ws3">çã</span><span class="ws4">o.</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y1e ff1 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls5 ws8">5. <span class="fc3 ws2">Fatores que influem nas entalpias das </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h7 y1f ff1 fs5 fc3 sc1 ls5 ws4">rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çõ</span><span class="ws2">es. </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y20 ff1 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls5 ws8">6. <span class="fc3 ws2">Lei de Hess. </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h7 y21 ff1 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls5 ws8">7. <span class="fc3 ws2">Entropia e energia Livre. </span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">5 </div><div class="t m0 xd ha y22 ff1 fs7 fc2 sc2 ls10 ws2">1. INTRODU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">ÇÃ</span><span class="ls0">O <span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">À</span><span class="ls11"> </span><span class="ws9">TERMOQU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">Í</span>MICA</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hb y23 ff4 fs6 fc2 sc1 ls7">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls12">Termoqu<span class="ff2 sc1 ls13">í</span>mica<span class="sc1 ls14 ws2"> <span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">é</span> o<span class="_b blank"></span> <span class="lsb ws4">ramo</span> <span class="lsb ws4">da</span> <span class="lsb ws4">qu<span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">í</span>mica</span> <span class="lsb ws4">que</span> <span class="lsb ws4">estuda</span><span class="ls5"> <span class="_c blank"> </span>a </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y24 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">energia associada a uma rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çã</span>o qu<span class="ff5 ws3">í</span>mica. </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y25 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 ls5 ws2">O <span class="_d blank"> </span>calor <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ls1b wsa">de</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>Rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çã</span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ls15">é</span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="_d blank"> </span>calor <span class="_d blank"> </span>'liberado' <span class="_d blank"> </span>ou </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y26 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">'absorvido' <span class="_e blank"> </span>por <span class="_e blank"> </span>uma <span class="_e blank"> </span>rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çã</span>o <span class="_e blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>pode <span class="_e blank"> </span>ser <span class="_e blank"> </span>medido </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y27 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws4">em<span class="ff5 ls16 ws2"> </span>joules<span class="ff5 ls17 ws2"> </span>ou<span class="ff5 ls16 ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">calorias, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>unidade <span class="_5 blank"> </span>aceita <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ls18">SI</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y28 ff5 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws3">é<span class="ff1 ws2"> o Joule. </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y29 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 ls5 ws2">Em outras palavras: </span></div><div class="t m0 xe hc y2a ff2 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws3">É<span class="ff1 sc3 ls19 ws2"> o<span class="_b blank"></span> <span class="ls18 wsb">estudo</span> <span class="ls18">das</span> <span class="ls18 wsb">quantidades</span> <span class="ls18">de</span> <span class="ls18 wsb">calor</span> <span class="ls18 wsb">liberadas</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hb y2b ff1 fs6 fc4 sc3 ls12 wsb">ou<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span>absorvidas<span class="ls1a ws2"> </span>durantes<span class="ws2"> </span>as<span class="ws2"> rea<span class="ff2 sc1 lsc ws3">çõ</span>es qu<span class="ff2 sc1 ls2">í</span>micas<span class="ls5">. </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">6 </div><div class="t m0 xd ha y22 ff1 fs7 fc2 sc2 ls10 ws2">1. INTRODU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">ÇÃ</span><span class="ls0">O <span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">À</span><span class="ls11"> </span><span class="ws9">TERMOQU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">Í</span>MICA</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y2c ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 ls5 ws2">Para <span class="_f blank"> </span>analisar <span class="_f blank"> </span>as <span class="_f blank"> </span>varia<span class="ff5 ws3">çõ</span>es <span class="_f blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>energia </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y2d ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">associadas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>a <span class="_10 blank"> </span>rea<span class="ff5 ls1b wsc">çõ</span>es <span class="_10 blank"> </span>qu<span class="ff5 ws3">í</span>micas <span class="_10 blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ws3">é</span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>necess<span class="ff5 ws3">á</span>rio </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y2e ff1 fs6 fc4 sc1 lsb ws4">definir<span class="ls5 ws2"> <span class="_e blank"> </span>o <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="sc3 ls12">sistema</span><span class="ls1c"> </span></span>como<span class="ls5 ws2"> <span class="_e blank"> </span>a <span class="_11 blank"> </span></span>parte<span class="ls1c ws2"> </span>espec<span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">í</span>fica<span class="ls1c ws2"> </span>do<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y2f ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">universo que nos interessa. </div><div class="t m0 xf hd y30 ff1 fs8 fc5 sc4 ls18 ws2">Sistema aberto<span class="ls1d"> </span><span class="v1">Sistema fechado<span class="ls1e"> </span><span class="v2">Sistema <span class="_0 blank"></span>isolado<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">7 </div><div class="t m0 xd ha y22 ff1 fs7 fc2 sc2 ls10 ws2">1. INTRODU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">ÇÃ</span><span class="ls0">O <span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">À</span><span class="ls11"> </span><span class="ws9">TERMOQU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">Í</span>MICA</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y31 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls18">Sistema<span class="ls5 ws2"> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>ab<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ert<span class="_2 blank"> </span>o <span class="_12 blank"> </span><span class="ff6 sc1 wsd">\u2013</span><span class="sc1"> <span class="_12 blank"> </span>pode <span class="_12 blank"> </span>trocar <span class="_12 blank"> </span>massa <span class="_13 blank"> </span>e <span class="_13 blank"> </span>energia<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y32 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">(normalmente <span class="_14 blank"> </span>na <span class="_14 blank"> </span>forma <span class="_14 blank"> </span>de <span class="_14 blank"> </span>calor) <span class="_14 blank"> </span>com <span class="_14 blank"> </span>o <span class="_14 blank"> </span>meio </div><div class="t m0 x9 h8 y33 ff1 fs6 fc4 sc1 lsb ws4">exterior<span class="ls5 ws2">. </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h7 y34 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc3 ls5 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y35 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls18">Sistema<span class="ls1f ws2"> </span>fechado<span class="sc1 ls20 ws2"> <span class="ff6 ls5 wsd">\u2013</span><span class="ls5"> <span class="_15 blank"> </span>permite <span class="_15 blank"> </span>transfer<span class="ff5 ws3">ê</span>ncia <span class="_15 blank"> </span><span class="ls1b wsa">de</span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y36 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">energia (calor) mas n<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span>o de massa. </div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y37 ff1 fs6 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">. </div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y38 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls18">Sistema<span class="ls21 ws2"> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>isolado<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span></span><span class="ff6 sc1 ls5 wsd">\u2013<span class="ff1 ws2"> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>n<span class="ff5 ls15">ã</span>o <span class="_16 blank"> </span>permite <span class="_16 blank"> </span>transfer<span class="ff5 ws3">ê</span>ncia </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 h7 y39 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">nem de massa nem de energia. </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">8 </div><div class="t m0 x10 h8 y3a ff1 fs6 fc2 sc2 ls22 ws2">COMO O CALOR PODE SER MEDIDO?<span class="_c blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x11 hb y3b ff4 fs6 fc6 sc1 ls23">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls12 wsb">Calor</span><span class="ff2 fc4 ls5 ws5">í<span class="ff1 sc3 ls12">metro</span><span class="ff1 ws2">: para </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h7 y3c ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws4">rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çõ</span><span class="ws2">es em meio </span></div><div class="t m0 x12 h7 y3d ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">aquoso. </div><div class="t m0 x13 hb y3b ff4 fs6 fc6 sc1 ls24">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls22 ws2">Bomba calorim<span class="_2 blank"> </span></span><span class="ff2 fc4 ls5 ws5">é<span class="ff1 sc3 ls12 ws2">trica: </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x14 h7 y3c ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">para rea<span class="ff5 ws3">çõ</span>es de </div><div class="t m0 x14 h7 y3e ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws4">combust<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span><span class="ws2">o. </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h7 y3f ff1 fs5 fc5 sc4 ls21 ws2">Q = m . C . <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff7 ls25">\uf044</span><span class="ls5">T </span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h4 y40 ff1 fs2 fc5 sc1 ls5 ws2">Q = quantida<span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"></span>de calor; C = ca<span class="_2 blank"> </span>lor espec<span class="_c blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ls4">í</span>fico <span class="_0 blank"></span>da<span class="_2 blank"> </span> subst<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff5">â</span></div><div class="t m0 x11 h4 y41 ff1 fs2 fc5 sc1 ls5 ws2">m = massa da subst<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ls4">â</span>nc<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ia; <span class="_1 blank"></span> <span class="ff7 ls26 wse">\uf020\uf044</span>T = vari<span class="_2 blank"> </span>a<span class="ff5 ls4">çã</span>o de tem<span class="_2 blank"> </span>peratu<span class="_2 blank"> </span>ra.<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">9 </div><div class="t m0 x16 h8 y42 ff1 fs6 fc4 sc3 ls12 wsb">Unidades<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h7 y43 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc3 ls5 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x16 h7 y44 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls27">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls18">Caloria<span class="ls5 ws2"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>(<span class="_2 blank"> </span>cal)<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="sc1">: <span class="_7 blank"> </span>quantidade <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>calor <span class="_7 blank"> </span>necess<span class="ff5 ws3">á</span>ria </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h7 y45 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">para <span class="_13 blank"> </span>elevar<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls28"> </span>em <span class="_13 blank"> </span>1 <span class="_12 blank"> </span><span class="ff5 ws3">º</span>C <span class="_12 blank"> </span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>temperatura <span class="_13 blank"> </span>de <span class="_12 blank"> </span>1 <span class="_12 blank"> </span>g <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x17 h8 y46 ff5 fs6 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws5">á<span class="ff1 lsb ws4">gua<span class="ls5 ws2">. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x16 h7 y47 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc3 ls5 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x16 h7 y48 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls27">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls18">Joule<span class="ls29 ws2"> </span>(J)<span class="sc1 ls5 ws2">: <span class="_12 blank"> </span>trabalho <span class="_13 blank"> </span>exercido<span class="_2 blank"> </span> <span class="_13 blank"> </span>por <span class="_12 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_12 blank"> </span>for<span class="ff5 ws3">ç</span>a <span class="_12 blank"> </span>de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h7 y49 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">1 N ao longo da dist<span class="ff5 ws3">â</span>ncia de 1 m. </div><div class="t m0 x18 h8 y4a ff1 fs6 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h7 y4b ff1 fs5 fc4 sc3 ls21 ws2">1 cal = 4,18 J<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xd ha y22 ff1 fs7 fc2 sc2 ls10 ws2">1. INTRODU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">ÇÃ</span><span class="ls0">O <span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">À</span><span class="ls11"> </span><span class="ws9">TERMOQU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">Í</span>MICA</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/b9218a37-2b3f-4471-8e77-435d4cba4c4b/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x19 h5 y7 ff1 fs3 fc1 sc1 ls5 ws2">10 </div><div class="t m0 xd ha y4c ff1 fs7 fc2 sc2 ls10 ws2">1. INTRODU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">ÇÃ</span><span class="ls0">O <span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">À</span><span class="ls11"> </span><span class="ws9">TERMOQU<span class="ff2 sc1 ls4">Í</span>MICA</span><span class="ls5"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x9 hb y11 ff4 fs6 fc2 sc1 ls7">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls12">Exot<span class="ff2 sc1 ls5 ws5">é</span><span class="wsb">rmicas</span><span class="sc1 ls5 ws2">: S<span class="ff5 ws5">ã</span>o <span class="lsb ws4">as</span> <span class="lsb ws4">que</span> <span class="lsb ws4">liberam</span> <span class="lsb ws4">calor</span>. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h7 y4d ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2">Exemplo: queima de carv<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span>o. </div><div class="t m0 xe h7 y4e ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws4">C<span class="fs9 ls11 v3">(s)</span><span class="ws2"> + O<span class="fs9 ls2a v3">2<span class="ls11">(g)</span></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff7 wsd">\uf0ae<span class="ff1 ws2"> CO<span class="fs9 ls11 v3">2(g)</span> + calor </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h7 y4f ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x9 hc y50 ff4 fs5 fc2 sc1 ls6">\uf071<span class="ff1 fc4 sc3 ls18">Endot<span class="ff2 sc1 ls5 ws3">é</span><span class="wsb">rmicas</span><span class="sc1 ls5 ws2">: S<span class="ff5 ws3">ã</span>o as que absorvem calor. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xe h8 y51 ff1 fs6 fc4 sc1 lsb ws4">Exemplo<span class="ls5 ws2">: </span>decomposi<span class="ff5 lsc ws3">çã</span><span class="ls5 ws2">o </span>do<span class="ls5 ws2"> </span>calc<span class="ff5 ls5 ws5">á</span>rio<span class="ls5 ws2">. </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h7 y52 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws4">CaCO<span class="fs9 ls11 v3">3</span><span class="ws2"> + calor <span class="ff7 wsd">\uf0ae</span> CaO + CO<span class="fs9 ls11 v3">2(g)</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 xe h7 y53 ff1 fs5 fc4 sc1 ls5 ws2"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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