ENGLISH WRITING CLASS 7 (2.7 B) 3 YEAR 2012 Prof Luis Pedra Cópia[1]

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 NAVY HIGH-SCHOOL
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SUBJECT OF THIS CLASS: 
Studying the sentence structure in order to identify complex sentences, other than the use of the main conjunctions and their ideas in sentences.
OBJECTIVES TO BE REACHED: 
Identify, choose, and apply a proper conjunction in order to connect clauses.
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COMPLEX SENTENCE
 In the previous classes, you learned about simple and compound sentences. A third kind of sentence is a complex sentence. Before we study it, let’s learn ab out clauses.
 A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb.
 There are two kinds of clauses in English: 
independent clauses
dependent clauses
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 1) An independent clause has one SV pair and expresses a complete thought. Independent clause is just another name for a simple sentence.
 S V
Paris has excellent art museums.
 S V
We finished our homework.
 2) A dependent clause is an independent clause with a subordinating word, such as because, after, and when, added to the beginning of it. 
 SUBORDINATING 
 WORD S V
... because Paris has excellent art museums.
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 A dependent clause does not express a complete thought, so it is not a sentence by itself. It is only half of a sentence. It MUST be joined to an independent clause. Together, the two clauses express a complete thought.
 INDEPENDENT CLAUSE DEPENDENT CLAUSE
Art students should visit Paris because it has excellent art museums.
 DEPENDENT CLAUSE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
 After we finished our homework, we watched TV for a while.
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Time Subordinating Conjunctions
After He goes to school after he finishes work.
As soon as She felt better as soon as she took the medicine.
Before Before you apply to college, you have to take an exam.
Since It has been a year since I left home.
Until We can’t leave the room until everyone finishes the test.
When Where were you when I called?
Whenever Whenever I don’t sleep well, I feel sick the next day.
While My neighbors were having a party while I was trying to 
 sleep.
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Caution!
 A few subordinators are also prepositions. Prepositions are followed by nouns. Subordinators are followed by subject-verb combinations.
after my accident ( preposition )
after I had an accident ( subordinator )
Before class begins ( )
Before class ( )
Until ten o’clock ( )
Until the bell rings ( )
 preposition
 subordinator
 preposition
 subordinator
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Remember!
When the dependent clause begins with an adverb subordinator, the clauses can usually be in any order.
We ran for shelter as soon as it started to rain.
As soon as it started to rain, we ran for shelter.
 If the IC is first, don’t use a comma.
 If the DC is first, put a comma after it.
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Identify independent and dependent clauses .
Write IC (independent clause) or DC (dependent clause) in the space to the left of each group of words.
If it is an IC, add a period. If it is a DC, circle the time subordinator.
______ 1. I take a walk around the block
______ 2. Before I go to work
______ 3. The exercise wakes up my body and clears my mind
______ 4. It’s hard to do this in the winter
______ 5. When I go to work
______ 6. It is still dark
______ 7. After I get home from work
______ 8. It is dark again
______ 9. I never go out
_____ 10. As soon as they received our letter
IC
DC
IC 
IC
DC 
IC
DC 
IC
IC
DC 
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Class is over!