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INGLÊS TÉCNICO
 Lesson 5: Formas Verbais 
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Lesson 5: Formas Verbais
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Class content:
Aspectos linguísticos verbais relevantes para a compreensão de textos.
Verbos auxiliares dos tempos perfeitos, verbos irregulares no passado e particípio passado.  
Estruturas verbais no texto.  
 
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Lesson 5: Formas Verbais
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
PRESENT TENSE
The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is regular, true or normal.
We use the present tense:
1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
I take the train to the office.
The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. For facts.
The President of The USA lives in The White House.
A dog has four legs.
We come from Switzerland.
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3. For habits.
I get up early every day.
Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
They travel to their country house every weekend.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
It rains a lot in winter.
The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
They speak English at work.
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Lesson 5: Formas Verbais
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Verb Conjugation e Spelling
We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.
go – goes
catch – catches
wash – washes
kiss – kisses
fix – fixes
buzz – buzzes
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2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
marry – marries
study – studies
carry – carries
worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
play – plays
enjoy – enjoys
say – says
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Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense
To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or Doesn't between the subject and the verb. 
Affirmative: You speak French. Negative: You don't speak French.
Interogative
Affirmative: He speaks German. Negative: He doesn't speak German.
Interogative
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PAST SIMPLE TENSE 
Simple Past
FORM
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbes
Examples:
You called Debbie. X 
Did you call Debbie? Past Now Future
You did not call Debbie.
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. 
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I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
She lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past. 
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USE - Unspecified Time Before Now
 
We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before.
There have been many earthquakes in California.
(Ações que aconteceram antes e se prolonogam no tempo)
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How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:
- Experience
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. 
Examples:
I have been to France. This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
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I have been to France three times. You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
I have never been to France. This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
- Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.
Examples:
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
The government has become more interested in arts education.
My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.
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- Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.
Examples:
Man has walked on the Moon.
Our son has learned how to read.
- An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.
Examples:
James has not finished his homework yet.
Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
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Multiple Actions at Different Times
We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.
Examples:
The army has attacked that city five times.
I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
We have had many major problems while working on this project.
She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.
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Have I traveled?
Have you traveled?
Have we traveled?
Have they traveled?
Has he traveled?
Has she traveled?
Has it traveled?
 PAST NOW FUTURE
Question
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PAST PERFECT = had + past participle
Examples:
You had studied English before you moved to New York.
Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
USE 1. Completed Action Before Something in the Past
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
Examples:
I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
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I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
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USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past 
We use the Past Perfect to show that
something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.
Examples:
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.
Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. 
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Lesson 5: Formas Verbais
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Past Perfect Forms
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Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb form:
We __________ for this seminar since last year.
wait - waited - have wait - has wait 
2. I __________ my English a lot since the last seminar. 
improve - improved - has improve - have improve 
3. Which __________, this kind of seminar or computer based training? 
do you prefer - did you prefer - have you preferred - has you preferred 
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4. __________ to one of these seminars? 
Do you ever come - Did you ever come 
Have you ever come - Has you ever come
 
5. No, but I __________ to a similar seminar in Europe last year. 
Go – went - have gone - has gone 
6. __________ a lot at that seminar? 
Do you learnt - Did you learnt 
Have you learnt - Has you learnt 
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7. Not really, but I __________ many interesting people during that week in November.
Meet – met - have met - has met 
8. __________ this seminar before?
Do you take - Did you take
Have you taken - Has you taken 
9. No, but I __________ the introductory seminar last month. 
Try – tried - have tried - has tried 
 
 
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10. It was very good, but I __________ many things since then.
Forget – forgot - have forgotten - has forgotten 
RESPOSTAS
D, c; a; c; b; b; b; c; b; c 
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