Baixe o app para aproveitar ainda mais
Prévia do material em texto
([SOLFDQGR�D�'RU�BBB�B� 'DYLG�6� %XWOHU�H� *�� /RULPHU�0RVHOH\� 7UDGXomR��7DQMD�6DPLUD�-RUJLF� 1RLJURXS�3XEOLFDWLRQV��$GHODLGH��$XVWUDOLD������ ���1RUWK�6WUHHW��$GHODLGH�&LW\ :HVW��6RXWK�$XVWUDOLD������ 7tWXOR�RULJLQDO��([SODLQ3DLQ 7tWXOR�HP�SRUWXJXrV��([SOLFDQGR�D�'RU� 7UDGXomR�� 7DQMD�6DPLUD�-RUJLF� 5HYLVmR��0DQXHOD�/RXUHLUR�)HUUHLUD� 3DXOR�+HQULTXH�)HUUHLUD� )OiYLR�9LWRU� 0DUFLDQH�0DULD�.XOF]\FNL� -RUJH�5LEDV� 3XEOLFDomR��1RLJURXS�3XEOLFDWLRQV�� 12,�$XVWUDODVLD�� 3W\/WG�� ,PSUHVVmR��3KRHQL[�2IIVHW��+RQJ�.RQJ� &RS\ULJKW�������1RLJURXS�3XEOLFDWLRQV� 7RGRV�RV�GLUHLWRV�VmR�UHVHUYDGRV��1HQKXPD�SDUWH� GHVWH�OLYUR�SRGH�VHU�UHSURGX]LGD��VDOYD�SRU�PHLR�GH� XP�VLVWHPD�GH�UHFHELPHQWR�GH�GDGRV�RX�HQYLDGD�GH� QHQKXPD�IRUPD�� VHMD�HVWD��HOHWU{QLFD��PHFkQLFD�� XWLOL]DQGR�VH�GH�IRWRFySLDV�� JUDYDo}HV�RX�VHP�R� FRQVHQWLPHQWR�SUpYLR� �HP�IRUPD�HVFULWD��GR�(GLWRU�� H[FHWR�SDUD�XVR�GH�EUHYHV�FLWDo}HV�FRPR�SDUWH�GH� DUWLJRV�H� GH� UHYLVmR�GH�OLWHUDWXUD�� 2V�SURFHGLPHQWRV�H� SUiWLFDV�GHVFULWRV�QHVWH�OLYUR� GHYHP�VHU�LPSOHPHQWDGRV�GH�IRUPD�FRQVLVWHQWH�H� SURILVVLRQDO��H� GHYHP�VHU�DGDSWDGRV�GH�DFRUGR�FRP� FDGD�VLWXDomR��7RGR�HVIRUoR�IRL�IHLWR�SDUD� FRQILUPDUPRV�TXH�D� LQIRUPDomR�TXH�DSUHVHQWDPRV� VHMD�SUHFLVD�H� DSUHVHQWDGD�GH�IRUPD�TXH�FRQGL]HQWH� FRP�SUiWLFDV�DFHLWDV�� 2V�DXWRUHV�H� R� HGLWRU�QmR�SRGHP�VHU� UHVSRQVDELOL]DGRV�SRU�HUURV�RX�SRU�UHVXOWDGRV�REWLGRV� SHOD�DSOLFDomR�GR�PDWHULDO�DSUHVHQWDGR�DTXL��1mR� H[LVWH�QHQKXPD�JDUDQWLD�LPSOLFDGD�RX�H[SUHVVD�QHVWH� OLYUR�RX�QD�LQIRUPDomR�FRQWLGD�QR�PHVPR�� 1RLJURXS�3XEOLFDWLRQV� 12��$XVWUDODVLD�3W\�/WG� ���1RUWK�6WUHHW��$GHODLGH�&LW\�:HVW�� 6RXWK�$XVWUDOLD������ ZZZ�QRLJURXS�FRP� 7HOHSKRQH� ���� ��������������� )DFVLPLOH����� ��������������� LQIR#QRLJURXS�FRP� %XWOHU��'DYLG�6�� DQG�0RVHOH\��*�� /RULPHU� ([SOLFDQGR�D� 'RU� 3ULPHLUD�HGLomR������ (ERRN������ ËQGLFH�5HPLVVLYR�,QFOXVR� ([SODLQ�3DLQ�,6%1���������������� ([SOLFDQGR�D� 'RU�,6%1������������������� 1DWLRQDO�/LEUDU\�RI�$XVWUiOLD� $�%LEOLRWHFD�1DFLRQDO�GD�$XVWUiOLD� $�&DWDJRODomR�SDUD�HVWH�OLYUR�HVWD�GLVSRQtYHO�QD� %LEOLRWHFD�1DFLRQDO�GD�$XVWUiOLD�� 6WDWH�/LEUDU\�RI�6RXWK�$XVWUDOLD� $�%LEOLRWHFD�(VWDGXDO�GH�6RXWK�$XVWUDOLD� $�&DWDJRODomR�SDUD�HVWH�OLYUR�HVWD�GLVSRQtYHO�QD� %LEOLRWHFD�(VWDGXDO�GH�6RXWK�$XVWUiOLD�� $JUDGHFLPHQWRV� 0XLWDV�SHVVRDV�DMXGDP�QR�SURFHVVR�GH�SURGXomR�GH�XP�OLYUR�� 1yV�GRLV�JRVWDUtDPRV�GH�DJUDGHFHU�HP�HVSHFLDO�j�$ULDQH�$OOUXFK� SHOR�H[FHOHQWH�GHVLJQ��GLDJUDPDomR��FRQVWUXomR�JUiILFD�H� SRU� WUDQVIRUPDU�XPD�PRQWDQKD�GH�SDSpLV�H� LPDJHQV�HP�XP�OLYUR�� $JUDGHFHPRV�WDPEpP�D� 7DQMD�SRU�WUDEDOKDU�QD�WUDGXomR�GHVWH� OLYUR�� $JUDGHFHPRV�DR�6XQ\DWD�SRU�VHX�WUDEDOKR�DUWtVWLFR�H[FOXVLYR��VXD� SDL[mR�H� KDELOLGDGH�GH�WUDQVIRUPDU�FRQFHLWRV�HP�LPDJHQV� SRGHURVDV�� $JUDGHFHPRV�DR�'HSDUWDPHQWR�GH�$QDWRPLD�GD�8QLYHUVLGDGH�GH� $GHODLGH�SRU�QRV�SHUPLWLU�DFHVVR�DRV�VHXV�FDGiYHUHV�� 8P�REULJDGD�HVSHFLDO�j� -XOLHW�*RUH��HGLWRUD�H�GLUHWRUD�JHUDO�GR� 1RLJURXS�SRU�PDQWHU�HVWH�SURMHWR�HP�DQGDPHQWR��DR�SHUFHEHU�D� LPSRUWkQFLD�TXH�HVWH�WLQKD�SDUD�QyV�GRLV�DVVLP�FRPR�SDUD� SDFLHQWHV��H�� VHPSUH�PDQWHQGR�D�YLVmR�GD�UHWD�ILQDO�� 2EULJDGD�DR�yWLPR�WLPH�TXH�WUDEDOKD�QR�QRLJURXS��7RP�*LOHV�� .D�ULQ�.RVLRO��3DXOD�)LOLSSRQH��$ULDQH�$OOFKXUFK��1HYLOOH�$QGULJR�� 'LQDK�(GZDUGV�H�+DOWRQ�6WHZDUW��2EULJDGD�WDPEpP�D� 3HWHU�9URRP� SRU�VXD�DMXGD�QR�RUoDPHQWR�H� D�'DQQ\�%HJHU�SHOR�VHX�DSRLR�OHJDO�� 1yV�JRVWDUtDPRV�GH�DJUDGHFHU�DR�FRQVHOKR�IDFXOWDWLYR�GR�JUXSR� 1RL�SRU�VXD�DMXGD�HP�HVSDOKDU�D� PHQVDJHP��$GULDDQ�/RXZ��%RE� 1HH��%RE�-RKQVWRQ��3HWHU�%DUUHWW��&DURO\Q�%HUU\PDQ��+DQQX� /XRPDMRNL��+XJR�6WDP��*HUWL�%XFKHU�'ROOHQ]��+DUU\�YRQ�3LHNDUW]�� 0HJDQ�'DOWRQ��,UHQH�:LFN\��0DUWLQD�(JDQ�0RRJ�H� 0LFKHO�&RSSLHWHUV�� 2EULJDGD�DRV�YiULRV�DOXQRV�TXH�QyV�OHFLRQDPRV�HP�PXLWRV�SDtVHV�� $V�H[SHULrQFLDV�TXH�WURFDPRV�H� VHXV�GHVHMRV�GH�DSUHQGHUHP� DFUHVFHQWDUDP�ULTXH]D�D� HVWH�OLYUR��2EULJDGD�jV�PXLWDV�SHVVRV�FRP� GRU�TXH�QRV�FRQWDUDP�VXDV�KLVWyULDV�H� GLYLGLUDP�FRQRVFR�VHXV� PHGRV�� 'R�'DYLG��2EULJDGD�D� 'DYLG�0DOOHWW�H�0DUJDUHW�6WXDUW��$RV� YL]LQKRV�H[WUDRUGLQiULRV�SRU�FXLGDUHP�GD�FDVD�H� GR�QRVVR�JDWR� HQTXDQWR�WUDEDOKiYDPRV�DWp�DOWDV�KRUDV�GD�QRLWH��0XLWR�DPRU�H� PXLWR�REULJDGD�j� -XOLHW��9RFr� UHDOPHQWH�PDQWHX�R� QRVVR�JUXSR�H� R� QRVVR�SURMHWR�XQLGR�� 'R� /RULPHU��2EULJDGD�D� 3DXO�+RGJHV�TXHP�PH�HQVLQRX�TXH�D� SDUWH� iUGXD�GD�FLrQFLD�QmR�VH�UHIHUH�DR�TXH�DFRQWHFH�TXDQGR�PRUUHPRV�� 2EULJDGD�DRV�.D�ERRELHV�� GH�TXHP�HX�DSUHQGL�TXH�DPDU�H� VHU� DPDGR�p� R�TXH�LPSRUWD��(� SRU�~OWLPR���H�FRPR�VHPSUH���j�$QQD� +LOO� YRFr�p� LQFUtYHO��&RPR�HP�WXGR�TXH�YRFr�ID]��YRFr�WDPEpP� HVWi�DTXL�� 1yV�GHGLFDPRV�HVWH�OLYUR�DR�3URIHVVRU�3DWULFN�:DOO� ������� ������ TXH�QRV�HQFRUDMRX�D�YLDMDU�D� HVWUDGD�PHQRV�SHUFRUULGD��D� OXWDU� FRQWUD�DV�IRUoDV�GD�FHJXHLUD�SHULIpULFD�H� DUURJkQFLD�FLHQWtILFD�H� D� WUDWDU�SDFLHQWHV�VHPSUH�FRPR�LQGLYtGXRV�� e�QRVVR�PDLRU�GHVHMR�TXH�HOH�SXGHVVH�WHU�GHVIUXWDGR�GHVWH�OLYUR�� /RULPHU�H�'DYLG� $XVWUiOLD��-XOKR������������ 6HomR� ��������� ,QWURGXomR� ��� $�GRU�p� QRUPDO� ��� +LVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH�GRU�3DUWH��� ��� +LVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH�GRU�3DUWH��� ��� +LVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH�GRU�3DUWH��� ��� $�GRU�GHSHQGH�GR�FRQWH[WR�3DUWH��� ��� $�GRU�GHSHQGH�GR�FRQWH[WR�3DUWH��� ��� 2�IDQWDVPD�QR�FRUSR� ��� ,GDGH�� JrQHUR�� FXOWXUD�H�GRU� 6HomR��� ��� ��� ,�Q�W�U�R�G�X�o�mR�� VHX�LQFUtYHO�VLVWHPD�GH�DODUPH�GH�SHULJR� 8PD�YLVmR�PDLV�SUy[LPD�GRV�VLQDLV�GH�DODUPH� ��� (QYLDQGR�PHQVDJHQV� ��� ��� ��� ��� $�PHQVDJHP�GH�DODUPH�HQWUD�HP�FRQWDWR�FRP�D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO� $�PHQVDJHP�p�SURFHVVDGD�HP�WRGDV�DV�SDUWHV�GR�FpUHEUR� 8PD�RUTXHVWUD�QR�FpUHEUR� 6LVWHPDV�SDUD�OKH�DMXGDU�D� VH�OLYUDU�GRV�SUREOHPDV� 6HomR��� ��� ,QWURGXomR��2�FRUSR�GDQLILFDGR�H� GHVFRQGLFLRQDGR� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� $FLGH]�H� LQIODPDomR�QRV�WHFLGRV� ,QIODPDomR��2�FpUHEUR�LQWHUHVVD�VH�LPHGLDWDPHQWH� $�YHUGDGH�VREUH�RV�P~VFXORV� &RQKHoD�RV�VHXV�7)9$V� &RQKHoD�D� VXD�SHOH�H� WHFLGRV�PROHV� &RQWULEXLo}HV�GRV�RVVRV�H� DUWLFXODo}HV�SDUD�D� GRU� 1HUYRV�SHULIpULFRV� 2�JkQJOLR�GD�UDt]�GRUVDO� � R�PLQL� FpUHEUR�GR� QHUYR�SHULIpULFR� 1HUYRV�WDPEpP�HQYLDP�PHQVDJHQV�QR�VHQWLGR�RSRVWR� 2�TXH�VH�SRGH�REVHUYDU�QD�GRU�SURYHQLHQWH�GH�XP�QHUYR� 6HomR���������������������������� ,QWURGXomR��$ODUPHV�DOWHUDGRV�GR�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR� FHQWUDO� ��� $ODUPHV�DOWHUDGRV�GR�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR�FHQWUDO� � D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO� ��� $�PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�FRPR�DPSOLILFDGRUD�GD�UHDOLGDGH� GR�WHFLGR� ��� 2�FpUHEUR�DGDSWD�VH�H� WHQWD�DMXGDU� ��� $�RUTXHVWUD�WRFD�D� PHORGLD�GD�GRU� ��� 3HQVDPHQWRV�H� FUHQoDV�WDPEpP�VmR�LPSXOVRV�QHUYRVRV� ��� 2�VLVWHPD�FHQWUDO�GH�DODUPH�VHQVLELOL]DGR� ��� 6LVWHPDV�GH�UHVSRVWD�� RV�VLVWHPDV�QHUYRVRV�VLPSiWLFR� H� SDUDVVLP�SiWLFR� ��� ��� ��� $� UHVSRVWD�HQGyFULQD� 2�VLVWHPD�LPXQROyJLFR� (VWUDWpJLDV�GH�PRYLPHQWR� 6HomR��� ��� ,QWURGXomR��0RGHORV�PRGHUQRV�GH�WUDWDPHQWR� ��� 0RGHORV�GH�HQJDMDPHQWR� 3DUWH��� ��� 0RGHORV�GH�HQJDMDPHQWR� 3DUWH��� ���� 0HGRV�DVVRFLDGRV�DR�PRYLPHQWR�H� j� GRU� ���� /LGDQGR�FRP�D�YLGD�H� FRP�D� GRU� ���� 6HX�UHODFLRQDPHQWR�FRP�D� GRU� 6HomR��� ���� ,QWURGXomR��3RQWRV�HVVHQFLDLV�GR�WUDWDPHQWR� ���� )HUUDPHQWD���� (GXFDomR�H� HQWHQGLPHQWR� ���� )HUUDPHQWD����$V�VXDV�GRUHV�QmR�YmR�OKH�FDXVDU� QHQKXP�GDQR� ���� )HUUDPHQWD����([SRVLomR�ULWPDGD�FRRUGHQDGD�H� JUDGXDO� ���� )HUUDPHQWD����$FHVVDQGR�R�FRUSR�YLUWXDO� ���� 5HIHUrQFLDV� ���� ,LLGL}H������������������ 2XWUDV�/HLWXUDV�H� 5HIHUrQFLDV� 8VR�GHVWH�OLYUR� (VWH�OLYUR�WHP�TXDWUR�REMHWLYRV��3ULPHLUR��DMXGDU�D� XPD� YDULHGDGH�GH�SURILVVLRQDLV�GD�VD~GH�HP�VDEHU�FRPR� H[SOLFDU�D� GRU��TXHUtDPRV�IRUQHFHU�XPD�FRQGXWD�GR� PXQGR�GD�QHXURFLrQFLD�EiVLFD�D� FOtQLFRV�H� VHXV�SDFLHQWHV�� 6HJXQGR��FDSDFLWDU�SHVVRDV�FRP�GRU�SDUD�TXH�HVWDV� HQWHQGDP�PDLV�VREUH�VXD�VLWXDomR�H� VLQWDP�PHQRV�PHGR� GD�VXD�GRU�� 6DEHPRV�TXH�R�YDORU�GH�DPHDoD�GD�GRU� FRQWULEXL�GLUHWDPHQWH�SDUD�D� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU��H��DR� LQIRUPDU�DV�SHVVRDV�VREUH�R�TXH�UHDOPHQWH�HVWi�DFRQWHFHQGR�GHQWUR�GHODV��SRGHPRV�UHGX]LU�HVWD�DPHDoD�� 7HUFHLUR��DMXGDU�DV�SHVVRDV�FRP�GRU�H� DTXHOHV�TXH�ID]HP� SDUWH�GD�YLGD�GHVWDV�D� ID]HU�HVFROKDV�PHOKRUHV�HP�UHODomR� DRV�VHXV�WUDWDPHQWRV��(� SRU�~OWLPR��DSUHVHQWDU�PRGHORV� PRGHUQRV�GH�WUDWDPHQWR�H� IRUQHFHU�R� WUDWDPHQWR�HVVHQFLDO� SDUD�VXSHUDU�D� GRU�H� UHWRUQDU�D� XPD�YLGD�QRUPDO�� 2�OLYUR�p� SODQHMDGR�SDUD�VHU�XVDGR�FRPR�XP�PDQXDO�SRU� FOtQLFRV�D� ILP�GH�H[SOLFDUHP�GRU�DRV�VHXV�SDFLHQWHV�FRPR� XP�OLYUR�GH�FRQVXOWD�H� SHVTXLVD��SDUD�VHU�OLGR�GH�IRUPD� FRQMXQWD�SHOR�FOtQLFR�H� SDFLHQWH��FRPR�SDUWH�GH�XP� SURJUDPD�GH�WUDWDPHQWR�PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU�FRJQLWLYR� FRPSRUWDPHQWDO�GD�GRU��RX�SDUD�R� SDFLHQWH�XVDU�FRPR�XP� UHFXUVR�GRPLFLOLDU�� 9RFr�HQFRQWUDUi�FRQIRUPH�Or��SHTXHQRV�Q~PHURV� HVSDOKDGRV�QR�PHLR�GR�WH[WR��(VWHV�HVWmR�UHODFLRQDGRV�jV� UHIHUrQFLDV�SDUD�OHLWXUD�RX�D� IRQWHV�ELEOLRJUiILFDV��QDV�TXDLV� HQFRQWUDPRV�D� LQIRUPDomR�XVDGD�QR�WH[WR��$V�UHIHUrQFLDV� HVWmR�OLVWDGDV�HP�RUGHP�QXPpULFD�QD�SiJLQD������ 2V� SULQFtSLRV�DSUHVHQWDGRV�QHVWH�OLYUR�Vm�R� SDUWLFXODUPHQWH�FRQGL]HQWHV�FRP�GRUHV�FU{QLFDV�Qm�R� HVSHFtILFDV� �H[�� ORPEDOJLD��GRU�QR�FRWRYHOR���1R�HQWDQWR�� SRGHP�VHU�HVWHQGLGRV�DRV�HVWDGRV�GH�GRU�FRPR�DTXHOHV� SURYHQLHQWHV�GD�DUWULWH�UHXPDWyLGH�H� VHUHP�XVDGRV�HP� FRQMXQWR�FRP�RXWUDV�HVWUDWpJLDV�GH�WUDWDPHQWR�� $FKDPRV�TXH�XPD�GDV�TXDOLGDGHV�GHVWH�OLYUR�p� TXH� TXDOTXHU�XP�TXH�VRIUH�GH�GRU�SHUVLVWHQWH��RX�TXH�WHQKD� XPD�SHVVRD�DPDGD��XP�FROHJD�RX�DPLJR�TXH�WDPEpP�VRIUD� GHVWH�WLSR�GH�GRU��SRVVD�EHQHILFLDU�VH�GLUHWDPHQWH�FRP�R� XVR�GHVWH�OLYUR��2�EHQHItFLR�VHUi�PDLRU�TXDQGR�KRXYHU� LQVWUXomR�GH�XP�FOtQLFR�LQIRUPDGR��TXDQGR�QHFHVViULR�� )LQDOPHQWH��HVSHUDPRV�TXH�RV�SURILVVLRQDLV�GD�VD~GH� DFKHP�HVWH�OLYUR��D�YLVmR�GD�GRU��R� WUDWDPHQWR�GD�PHVPD��H� D� IRUPD�FRPR�HOHV�Vm�R� DSUHVHQWDGRV��~WHLV��FRQIRUPH� WHQWDP�LQWHJUDU�D� FLrQFLD�PRGHUQD�GD�GRU�QD�WHUDSLD��7RGR� HVIRUoR�IRL�IHLWR�SDUD�XWLOL]DUPRV�UHIHUrQFLDV�FLHQWtILFDV�� UHOHYDQWHV�H� DWXDOL]DGDV��$�OLWHUDWXUD�QHVWD�iUHD�p�YDVWD�� SRU�LVVR�VHOHFLRQDPRV�D� PDLV�HSUHVHQWDWLYD��([LVWH� WDPEpP�XPD�OLVWD�GH� OLYURV�UHOHYDQWHV� GH�IiFLO�OHLWXUD �QR� I�PDO�GR�OLYUR�QD�SiJLQD������ /RULPHU�H� 'DYLG� &RPXPHQWH�� D� GRU�RFRUUH�TXDQGR�R� VHX�VLVWHPD�GH� DODUPH�FRUSyUHR�DOHUWD�R� FpUHEUR�TXDQWR�DR�GDQR� WHFLGXDO�VHMD�HOH�� UHDO�RX�SRWHQFLDO��0DV�HVWD�UHVSRWD�é VRPHQWH�SDUWH�GH�XPD�ORQJD�KLVWyULD��$� GRU�� QD�YHUGDGH�� HQYROYH�WRGRV�RV�VHXV� VLVWHPDV�FRUSyUHRV�� e WRGDV�DV� UHVSRVWDV� TXH�RFRUUHP�WrP�R� REMHWLYR�GH� SURWHomR�e FXUD��1R� HQWDQWR��TXDQGR�D� PDLRULD�GH� QyV�SHQVD�VREUH�D� GRU�� SHQVDPRV�QD� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�� DTXHOD�H[SHULrQFLD�GHVDJUDGiYHO�e DOJXPDV�YH]HV�SpVVLPD��TXH� ID]� FRP�TXH�YRFr� SHUFHED�e PRWLYH�VH� D� ID]HU� DOJR� HP�UHODomR� D� HVWD�VLWXDomR�� De IDWR�� D� GRU�SRGH� VHU�WmR�HIHWLYD�TXH�YRFr�SRGH�FKHJDU�DR� SRQWR�GH�GHL[DU�GH� SHQVDU�RX�FRQFHQWUDU�VH�HP�TXDOTXHU�RXWUD�FRLVD�� 6H� R� FpUHEUR�DFUHGLWDU�TXH� VHQWLU� GRU�QmR�é D� PHOKRU�VDtGD�SDUD�D� VXD�VREUHYLYrQFLD��LPDJLQH�XP�VROGDGR�IHULGR� HVFRQGHQGR�VH�GR� LQLPLJR���YRFr� SRGH�QmR� VHQWLU�GRU��PHVPR� HP�XPD�VLWXDomR�GH� OHVmR�EDVWDQWH�VHYHUD�� ([LVWHP�PXLWRV�PLWRV��PDO�HQWHQGLGRV� e PHGRV�GHVQHFHVViULRV� HP�UHODomR�j� GRU�� $� PDLRULD�GDV�SHVVRDV�� LQFOXLQGR�PXLWRV�SURILVVLRQDLV�GD�VD~GH�� QmR�SRVVXHP�XPD� FRPSUHHQVmR�PRGHUQD�GD�GRU�� ,VWR�p�� GH� FHUWD�IRUPD�� GHVDSRQWDGRU�XPD�YH]�TXH� VDEHPRV�TXH�HQWHQGHU�R� SURFHVVR�GD�GRU�DMXGD�D� OLGDU�FRP�HOD�HIHWLYDPHQWH��$TXL� HVWmR�GRLV� FRQFHLWRV� LPSRUWDQWHV�TXH�DJRUD�VDEHPRV� VREUH�D� H[SOLFDomR�GD�GRU�� D� ILVLRORJLD�GD�GRU�SRGH� VHU�IDFLOPHQWH� HQWHQGLGD�SRU�TXDOTXHU�SHVVRD �e, R� HQWHQGLPHQWR�GD�ILVLRORJLD�GD�GRU�PXGD�R� PRGR� FRPR�DV�SHVVRDV�SHQVDP�VREUH� HOD�� R� TXH� UHGX]�R� YDORU�GH� VXD�DPHDoDa�e, DMXGD�QR� VHX�WUDWDPHQWR�� (VSHUDPRV�TXH�YRFr�DFKH�HVWD�MRUQDGD�GH� FRQKHFLPHQWR�TXH�HVWDPRV�SUHVWHV� D� LQLFLDU�WmR�H[FLWDQWH��IDVFLQDQWH� e HQULTXHFHGRUD�FRPR�QyV�� &RQWLQXH�OHQGR� ���� H[SOLFDQGR� 1 �� D� GRU� �� ��� $�GRU�p�QRUPDO� e� VHQVDWR�WHU�XP�VLVWHPD�TXH�SURWHJH�H� SUHVHUYD� ���� (� FODUR�TXH�DV�FRLVDV�FDXVDP�GRU�� D� YLGD� SRGH�GRHU��([LVWHP�YiULDV�IRUPDV�GH�GRU��1R� LPSURYiYHO�HYHQWR�HP�TXH�R� PDFDFR�PRUGD�R� VHX�QDUL]��DVVLP�FRPR�PRUGHX�R� )UDQFLVFR�� YRFr� VHQWLUi�GRU�H� SURYDYHOPHQWH�VH� OHPEUDUi� GHVWH�LQFLGHQWH�SDUD�R� UHVWR�GH�VXD�YLGD�� )UDQFLVFR�SURYDYHOPHQWH�QmR�VH�H[LELUi�PDLV� GHVWH�MHLWR�HP�IUHQWH�DR�VHX�ILOKR�GD�SUy[LPD� YH]�TXH�HOHV�IRUHP�DR� ]RROyJLFR�� D� KLVWyULD�GD� PRUGLGD�QR�QDUL]�GR�&KLFR�VHUi�FRQWDGD� LQ~PHUDV�YH]HV�QRV�HQFRQWURV�IDPLOLDUHV�� LUi� PXGDU�R�PRGR�FRPR�D� IDPtOLD�SHQVD�VREUH� PDFDFRV��H� SRGH�DWp�PHVPR�WRUQDU�VH�WySLFR� GH�SLDGDV�GH�HQIHUPDULD��e�e�e��� ��R�PDFDFR� PRUGHX�R� &KLFR�� e� e�e� IRL� VH�H[LELU�SDUD�R� ILOKR� H� DFDERX� SDJDQGR�PLFR � ��9RFr� HQWHQGHX�D� PHQVDJHP�� 3RGH�VH�VHQWLU�GRU�PHVPR�TXH�R� GDQR�VHMD� EHP�PHQRV�yEYLR�� (OD�SRGH�VLPSOHVPHQWH� VXUJLU�FRP�R� WHPSR��FRPR�DFRQWHFHX�FRP�R� VXSHU�RFXSDGR�RSHUDGRU�GH� VLVWHPDV��R� 6U�� 6RDUHV��1HVWH�FDVR��D� GRU�p� ~WLO��H� FHUWDPHQWH� LUi�HQFRUDMi�OR�D� OHYDQWDU�VH�H�PRYLPHQWDU�VH �� 0DV�D� GRU�IUHTHQWHPHQWH�p� LPSUHYLVtYHO��R� TXH�SRGH�ID]HU�FRP�TXH�ILTXHPRV�FRP�PHGR� GHOD�� 3RU�TXH�R�0DWKHXV�QD�SiJLQD�VHJXLQWH� WHULD�PRWLYRV�SDUD�MRJDU�R� EXVWR�GH�5HQp� 'HVFDUWHV�QR�OL[R"�$� SURSyVLWR��'HVFDUWHU�IRL� R� ILOyVRIR� IUDQFrV�TXH�LQYHQWRX�D� GLYLVmR� PHQWH�FRUSR��1mR�Ki�G~YLGDV�GH�TXH�5HQp� 'HVFDUWHV�HUD�H[WUHPDQWH�LQWHOLJHQWH��PDV�Mi� VH�SDVVDUDP�����DQRV�GHVGH�TXH�IRUDP� SURSRVWDV�DV�VXDV�WHRULDV ��$WXDOPHQWH� VDEHPRV�R� VXILFLHQWH�SDUD�HVWDUPRV�FHUWRV�GH� TXH�HVWD�GLYLVmR�PHQWH�FRUSR�QmR�H[LVWH�� $�GRU�GH�XPD�PRUGLGD��GRUHV�SRVWXUDLV�H� GRUHV�GH� HQWRUVHV�VmR�GRUHV� TXRWLGLDQDV ��TXH�SRGHP�IDFLOPHQWH� VHU�UHODFLRQDGDV�jV�PXGDQoDV�QRV�WHFLGRV ��2�FpUHEUR� FRQFOXL�TXH�RV�WHFLGRV�HVWmR�VRE�DPHDoD�H� TXH�XPD�DomR� p� QHFHVViULD��R�TXH�LQFOXL�RV�SURFHVVRV�GH�UHSDUDomR��8P� EHQHItFLR�DGLFLRQDO�p� TXH�DV�PHPyULDV�GD�GRU�FHUWDPHQWH� WH�LPSHGLUmR�GH�FRPHWHU�R�PHVPR�HUUR�GXDV�YH]HV�� 7DOYH]�D� SLDGD�GD�PRUGLGD�GR�PDFDFR�UHVXOWH�HP�IXWXURV� FRPSRUWDPHQWRV�GH�SURWHomR�SDUD�D� IDPtOLD�LQWHLUD�� 0DV�WRGRV�QyV�VDEHPRV�TXH�D� GRU�SRGH�VHU�XPD� H[SHULrQFLD�PDLV�FRPSOH[D��$�SDODYUD� GRU ��WDPEpP�p� XVDGD�HP�UHODomR�DR�SHVDU��j� VROLGmR�H� j� DOLHQDomR��4XDO� p� D� GHILQLomR�GD�GRU�TXH�VHQWLPRV�FRP�D� SHUGD�GH�XP� JUDQGH�DPRU��H� R�TXH�D� WRUQD�WmR�GHELOLWDQWH�TXDQWR� TXDOTXHU�GRU�DJXGD�VHQWLGD�QD�SDUWH�LQIHULRU�GD� FROXQD"�(VWD�GRU�HPRFLRQDOPHQWH�FDUUHJDGD�QRV�DMXGD� D� FRPSUHHQGHU�D� GRU�GH�XP�PDQHLUD�DPSOD��7RGD�GRU� �GH�FHUWD�IRUPD��WRGDV�DV�H[SHULrQFLDV���HQYROYH�PXLWRV� SHQVDPHQWRV�H� VHQWLPHQWRV��3UHFLVDPRV�GR�FpUHEUR� SDUD�UHDOPHQWH�HQWHQGHUPRV�D� GRU�� HVSHFLDOPHQWH� DTXHOD�TXH�SHUVLVWH��VH�HVSDOKD�RX�SDUHFH�LPSUHYLVtYHO�� 3UHFLVDPRV�GR�QRVVR�FpUHEUR�SDUD�HQWHQGHU�SRUTXH� HPRo}HV��SHQVDPHQWRV��FUHQoDV�H� FRPSRUWDPHQWRV�VmR� LPSRUWDQWHV�QR�SURFHVVR�GD�GRU�� H[SOLFDQGR� 6H�YRFr�HVWi�VHQWLQGR�DOJXP�WLSR�GH�GRU�QHVWH�H[DWR� PRPHQWR��YRFr�QmR�HVWi�VR]LQKR��'H� IDWR�� D� TXDOTXHU� KRUD�GR�GLD�RX�QRLWH��SRU�YROWD�GH�����GD�SRSXODomR�QD� IDFH�GD�WHUUD��WrP�GRU�TXH�SHUVLVWH�SRU�PDLV�GH��� PHVHV� �� ,VWR�HTXLYDOH�D� �� PLOK}HV�GH�FLGDGmRV�DSHQDV�QD� FLGDGH�GH�/RQGUHV�� 4XDQGR�D� GRU�SHUVLVWH�H� YRFr�VHQWH�FRPR�VH�HOD� HVWLYHVVH�DUUXLQDQGR�D� VXD�YLGD��p� GLItFLO�HQ[HUJDU� FRPR�HVWD�GRU�SRGH�HVWDU�VHUYLQGR�SDUD�TXDOTXHU� SURSyVLWR�~WLO��0DV��PHVPR�TXDQGR�D� GRU�p� FU{QLFD� H� GHVDJUDGiYHO��HOD�GyL�SRUTXH�R� FpUHEUR�GH�XPD� IRUPD�RX�RXWUD�FRQFOXLX��IUHTHQWHPHQWH�GH�IRUPD� VXEFRQVFLHQWH��TXH�YRFr�HVWi�VRE�DPHDoD�H� HP� SHULJR�� R� WUXTXH�HVWi�HP�GHVFREULU�SRUTXH�R� FpUHEUR�FKHJRX�D� HVWD�FRQFOXVmR�� ��� 1 11 D� GRU� �� ��� +LVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH�GRU�3DUWH� �� A GRU�UHDOPHQWH�p� XPD�H[SHULrQFLD�LQFUtYHO��$� PDLRULD�GH�QyV�RXYLX�KLVWyULDV�GH�SHVVRDV�TXH� WLYHUDP�OHV}HV�VHYHUDV�VHP�QHQKXPD�RFRUUrQFLD� GH�GRU�QR�PRPHQWR�GD�OHVmR��&RPR�R�UDWR�VXJHUH�� R�TXH�DFRQWHFHX�FRP�R� VLVWHPD�GH�DYLVR�DODUPH"� /HV}HV�VHYHUDV�FULDP�YiULRV�VLQDLV�GH�DODUPH�TXH� VmR�GHVSHMDGRV�GHQWUR�GR�FpUHEUR��PDV�HVWHV�QmR� QHFHVVDULDPHQWH�UHVXOWDP�HP�GRU�� $� LQWHQVLGDGH�GH�GRU�TXH�YRFr�VHQWH�QmR� QHFHVVDULDPHQWH�VH�FRUUHODFLRQD�FRP�D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�OHVmR�WLVVXODU�TXH�VRIUHX�� 2OKH�SDUD�R� &KLFR� �DLQGD�FXLGDQGR�GR�VHX�QDUL]� IHULGR���DJRUD��FRP�XPD�IOHFKD�DWUDYHVVDGD�HP� VHX�SHVFRoR ��$�PRUGLGD�GR�PDFDFR�GRHX�EDVWDQWH�� SRUpP�HVWD�OHVmR�FRPSDUDWLYDPHQWH�PDLV�VpULD� SRGH�QmR�WHU�FDXVDGR�GRU�DOJXPD��1DV�VDODV�GH� HPHUJrQFLD�GR�PXQGR�WRGR ��SDFLHQWHV� DSUHVHQWDP�VH�SHUIXUDGRV�SRU�YiULRV�REMHWRV�� 0XLWRV�WrP�VRUWH�SRUTXH�R�REMHWR�SRGH�QmR�WHU� DIHWDGR�yUJmRV�YLWDLV�H�PXLWRV�GHVWHV�SDFLHQWHV� UHODWDP�SRXFD�RX�QHQKXPD�GRUJ�� �� $OJXQV� VLVWHPDV�GH� ([LVWHP�PXLWDV�KLVWyULDV�GRV�WHPSRV�GH�JXHUUD��9HMD�R� YHWHUDQR�GD�6HJXQGD�*XHUUD�0XQGLDO�TXH�UHDOL]RX�XP� H[DPH�GH�URWLQD�GH�VHX�WyUD[��2�5DLR�;�UHYHORX�XPD� EDOD�TXH�HVWDYD�DORMDGD�HP�VHX�SHVFRoR�SRU����DQRV�� HPERUD�HOH�QXQFD�WLYHVVH�WRPDGR�FRQKHFLPHQWR� � 0XLWDV�KLVWyULDV�HQYROYHP�VROGDGRV�GH�JXHUUD�TXH� WLYHUDP�OHV}HV�JUDYHV��DR�SRQWR�GH�SHUGD�GH�XP� PHPEUR�LQWHLUR��PDV�DLQGD�DVVLP�UHODWDUDP�SRXFD�RX� QHQKXPD�GRU� � $TXHOHV�TXH�VRIUHUDP�DPSXWDo}HV� WUDXPiWLFDV�QD�JXHUUD�H� FRPHQWDUDP�TXH�QmR�KRXYH� QHQKXPD�GRU��QRUPDOPHQWH�UHODWDUDP�D� OHVmR�HP� WHUPRV�LQyFXRV��FRPR�XPD� EDWLGD �RX�XPD� SDQFDGD �� (P�RXWUDV�VLWXDo}HV��SHVVRDV�VHYHUDPHQWH�TXHLPDGDV� YROWDUDP�SDUD�GHQWUR�GD�FDVD�HP�FKDPDV�SDUD�VDOYDU� VHXV�ILOKRV�� KRPHQV�H�PXOKHUHV�GHVSRULVWDV� FRPSOHWDUDP�IDoDQKDV�LQFUtYHLV��DSHVDU�GH�OHVmR�VHYHUD�� (P�DOJXPDV�VLWXDo}HV��D� SURSRUomR�HQWUH�D� TXDQWLGDGH� GH� OHVmR�H� D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�GRU�SRGH�VHU�LQYHUVD��3HQVH� HP�XP�FRUWH�IHLWR� FRP�SDSHO��1mR�p� SURIXQGR��QmR�Ki� JUDQGH�OHVmR��PDV�FRPR�GyL�� 2�FRUWH�DUGH��WH�SHUWXUED� H�YRFr�PDO�SRGH�DFUHGLWDU�TXH�HVWH�SHTXHQR�FRUWH� SRGHULD�GRHU�WDQWR�� e�yEYLR�TXH�R� TXH�HVWi�DFRQWHFHQGR�HP�VHXV�WHFLGRV�p� VRPHQWH�SDUWH�GD�LQFUtYHO�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU��9DPRV� FRQWHPSODU�PDLV�DOJXPDV�KLVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH�GRU����� H[SOLFDQGR� 1 ��� D� GRU� �� ��� +LVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH�GRU�3DUWH��� e�FODUR�TXH�R� FpUHEUR�HVWi�HQYROYLGR� /RPEDOJLD�H� D� GRU�GH�FDEHoD�HVWmR�HQWUH�DV�GRUHV�PDLV� FRPXQV�HP�KXPDQRV��3HVTXLVDV�PRVWUDUDP�TXH�QD� ORPEDOJLD�D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�GDQR�QR�GLVFR�H� QR�QHUYR� UDUDPHQWH�VH�UHODFLRQD�FRP�D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�GRU�VHQWLGD� SHOR�SDFLHQWHJ� ā'H�IDWR ��PXLWRV�GH�QyV�WHPRV�SURWXV}HV� GLVFDLV�HQRUPHV�H� DVVXVWDGRUDV��DWp�PHVPR�QHUYRV� HVPDJDGRV��SRUpP�QmR�DSUHVHQWDPRV�QHQKXP�VLQWRPD�� 'LVFXWLUHPRV�LVWR�QD�SiJLQD����� ,VWR�SRGH�VHU�XP�SRXFR�DVVXVWDGRU��PDV�QD�YHUGDGH�GHYH� WH�DFDOPDU��0XLWDV�PXGDQoDV�QRV�WHFLGRV�VmR� VLPSOHVPHQWH�XPD�SDUWH�QRUPDO�GH�VH�HVWDU�YLYR��H� SRU� LVVR��QmR�SUHFLVDP�GRHU��(� R�TXH�p�PDLV�LPSRUWDQWH ��HVVDV� PXGDQoDV�QmR�QHFHVVDULDPHQWH�WrP�GH�OHYDU�SHVVRDV�D� GHL[DUHP�GH�YLYHU�XPD�YLGD� IXQFLRQDO�H� DWLYD��e�PXLWR� SURYiYHO�TXH�XP�%DLR�[�GD�FROXQD�GH�XPD�SHVVRD�PDLV� LGRVD�UHYHOH�DOWHUDo}HV�TXH�SRGHULDP�VHU�GHVFULWDV�FRPR� DUWUtWLFDV�RX�GHJHQHUDWLYDV��FRPR�p�YLVWR�QR�SUDWLFDQWH�GH� LRJD�DEDL[R��QR�HQWDQWR��HOHV�DLQGD�VmR�EDVWDQWH�DWLYRV�H� IXQFLRQDP �PXLWR�EHP�� 'H�IRUPD�VLPSOLILFDGD��VH�QmR�Ki�QHQKXPD�GRU�� LVVR� VLJQLILFD�TXH�R� VHX�FpUHEUR�QmR�LQWHUSUHWRX�HVVDV� PXGDQoDV�QRV�WHFLGRV�FRPR�VHQGR�XPD�DPHDoD�� 1mR�SRGHUtDPRV�GHL[DU�GH�FRPHQWDU�RXWUR�H[HPSOR�QR�TXDO� IRUoDV�H[WUHPDV�DWXDP�VREUH�R� FRUSR��SRUpP�VHP�QHQKXPD� TXHL[D�GH�GRU�� 8P�MRJDGRU�GH�IXWHERO�TXH�PDUFRX�XP�JRO� LPSRUWDQWH��SURYDYHOPHQWH�HVWi�VXMHLWR�D� WHU�R� VHX�WLPH� LQWHLUR�DPRQWRDGR�VREUH�VL��XP�SHVR�GH�TXDVH�XPD�WRQHODGD�� $LQGD�DVVLP�HOH�VHPSUH�VH�OHYDQWDUi�VRUULQGR�H�PXLWDV�YH]HV� FRQWLQXDUi�D� MRJDU�PHOKRU�GR�TXH�DQWHV ��(P�FLUFXQVWkQFLDV� GLIHUHQWHV��XPD�OHVmR�PHQRU�SRGH�VHU�VXILFLHQWH�SDUD�OHYDU� XPD�SHVVRD�D� WHU�XPD�YLGD�FRP�GRU�FU{QLFD�� H[SOLFDQGR� 1 ��� 2OKH�SDUD�R�0DWKHXV�VREUH�VXD�SUDQFKD�GH�VXUI� HVSHUDQGR�D� RQGD�SHUIHLWD�HP�3HUQDPEXFR�� 6XUILVWDV�TXH�WLYHUDP�VXDV�SHUQDV�PRUGLGDV�SRU� WXEDU}HV�UHODWDP�QmR�WHUHP�VHQWLGR�QDGD�PDLV�GR� TXH�XPD�SDQFDGD�QD�KRUD�GD�PRUGLGD �� D� GRU� �� ��� +LVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH�GRU�3DUWH��� $LQGD�PDLV�LQWULJDQWH� 4XDO�D� VXD�RSLQLmR�VREUH�HVWDV�KLVWyULDV�UHDLV"� $�GRU�p�GH�IDWR� FRPSOH[D��([LVWH�XPD�VtQGURPH�� EHP�GRFXPHQWDGD��FKDPDGD�6tQGURPH�GH� &RXYDGH��QD�TXDO�R� SDL�VHQWH�D� GRU�GR�SDUWR�� (P�DOJXPDV�VRFLHGDGHV��DV�SHVVRDV�DFUHGLWDP� TXH�TXDQWR�PDLV�GRU�R�SDL�VHQWH��PHOKRU�SDL�HOH� VHUi��$OJXPDV�HVSRVDV� OLWHUDOPHQWH�WrP�TXH� FXLGDU�GR�PDULGR�HQTXDQWR�GmR�j� OX]J� ��� � �� $�DFXSXQWXUD�SRGH�UHGX]LU�GRU��PDV�QHP� VHPSUH�Ki�UHVXOWDGRV ��$FUHGLWD�VH�TXH� DFXSXQWXUD�WHP�PHOKRUHV�UHVXOWDGRV�VH�IRU� UHDOL]DGD�SRU�XP�KRPHP�FKLQrV�HP�XPD� PXOKHU�FKLQHVD�QD�&KLQD�H� WHP�SLRUHV� UHVXOWDGRV�VH�IRU� UHDOL]DGD�SRU�XPD�PXOKHU� QmR�FKLQHVD�HP�XP�KRPHP�FKLQrV��HP� TXDOTXHU�RXWUR�OXJDU�TXH�QmR�QD�&KLQD�� $�KLSQRVH�p�IDVFLQDQWH ��([LVWHP�PXLWRV�UHJLVWURV� GH�SHVVRDV�TXH�VH�VXEPHWHUDP�D� FLUXUJLDV�GH� JUDQGH�SRUWH�HQTXDQWR�HP�HVWDGR�GH�KLSQRVH�� VHP�DQHVWHVLD�� �� &RPR�LVWR�SRGH�VHU�SRVVtYHO"�1R� PRPHQWR�HP�TXH�R�ELVWXUL�FRUWD�SHOH�H�P~VFXOR�D� FDPSDLQKD�GH�DODUPH�GRV�WHFLGRV�WRUQD�VH�DWLYD�� PHVPR�DVVLP��QmR�H[LVWH�QHQKXPD�GRU�� 3HVVRDV�DR�UHGRU�GR�PXQGR�FRQVRPHP�SRU�YROWD� GH� ����ELOK}HV�GH�FRPSULPLGRV�GH�DVSLULQD�SRU� DQR��6H�YRFr�FRORFDU�WRGRV�HVWHV�FRPSULPLGRV� ODGR�D� ODGR�H� IRUPDU�XPD�OLQKD��HVWD�DWLQJLULD� XP�PLOKmR�GH�TXLO{PHWURV��LVWR�HTXLYDOH�D� LU� SDUD�D� OXD�H�YROWDU� ���e�IDWR� FRQKHFLGR�TXH�R� IRUPDWR�GR�FRPSULPLGR�WHP�XP�SDSHO�QD� HIHWLYLGDGH�GD�GURJD��&iSVXODV�WUDQVSDUHQWHV� FRP�JOyEXORV�FRORULGRV�IXQFLRQDP�PHOKRU�GR� TXH�FiSVXODV�WUDQVSDUHQWHV�FRP�JOyEXORV� EUDQFRV ��TXH�SRU�VXD�YH]�IXQFLRQDP�PHOKRU�GR� TXH�WDEOHWHV�FRORULGRV ��H� HVWHV�IXQFLRQDP�PHOKRU� GR�TXH�WDEOHWHV�TXDGUDGRV�VHP�DV�SRQWDV ��TXH� IXQFLRQDP�PHOKRU�GR�TXH�WDEOHWHV�UHGRQGRV�� �� 0XLWDV�H� YDULDGDV�Do}HV�SRGHP�UHODFLRQDU�VH� FRP�D� H[SHULrQFLD�GD�GRU��PDV�p� R� FpUHEUR� TXH�GHFLGH�VH�DOJXPD�FRLVD�GyL�RX�QmR�� ����� GR�WHPSR��VHP�QHQKXPD�H[FHomR�� H[SOLFDQGR� 1 ��� D� GRU� �� ��� $�GRU�GHSHQGH�GR�FRQWH[WR�3DUWH� �� $� LQIRUPDomR�VHQVRULDO�RX��DV� LQGLUHWDV� VHQVRULDLV ���TXDOTXHU�LQIRUPDomR�RULJLQDQGR�VH� GRV�QRVVRV�VHQWLGRV�� LQFOXLQGR�VHX�FRUSR�� SUHFLVD�VHU�DYDOLDGD�SHOR�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR�FHQWUDO�� $�DYDOLDomR�GHVWDV�LQGLUHWDV�p� H[WUHPDPHQWH� DPSOD��HQYROYH�PHPyULD�FRPSOH[D��SURFHVVRV� HPRFLRQDLV�H� GH� UDFLRFtQLR��H� GHYH�LQFOXLU�D� FRQVLGHUDomR�GDV�SRVVtYHLV�FRQVHTrQFLDV� SHUFHSWLYDV�GH�XPD�UHVSRVWD ��� 2�FRQWH[WR�GD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�p� FUtWLFR��6HJXH� DEDL[R�XPD�ILJXUD�TXH�GHVFUHYH�HVWH�FRQFHLWR�� 8PD�SHTXHQD�OHVmR�QR�GHGR�LQGLFDGRU�FDXVDUi� PDLV�GRU�HP�XP�YLRORQLVWD�SURILVVLRQDO�GR�TXH�HP� XP�GDQoDULQR�SURILVVLRQDO��� �� ,VVR�RFRUUH�SRUTXH� XPD�OHVmR�QR�GHGR�UHSUHVHQWD�XPD�DPHDoD�PDLRU� DR�YLRORQLVWD��2�HYHQWR�WHP�XP�SDSHO�PDLV� VLJQLILFDWLYR�QD�FDUUHLUD�H� LGHQWLGDGH�GR�YLRORQLVWD�� 5HIOLWD�QRYDPHQWH�VREUH�D� SULPHLUD�LPDJHP� GHVWH�OLYUR��DTXHOD�FRP�XP�JUDQGH�SUHJR� SHQHWUDQGR�QR�GHGmR�GR�Sp�GR�KRPHP��4XDQGR� YRFr�SLVD�HP�XP�SUHJR�QR�MDUGLP��SRGH�RX�QmR� GRHU�LPHGLDWDPHQWH��2�FpUHEUR�WHP�TXH�GHFLGLU� VH�D� GRU�p� DSURSULDGD��2XWUDV� LQGLUHWDV � HQYLDGDV�DR�FpUHEUR�TXH�SRGHP�H[LVWLU�QHVWH� PHVPR�PRPHQWR�SRGHP�VHU��HYLWDU�RXWURV� SUHJRV��R�PHGR�GH�GDQR�VpULR�H� LQIHFomR��H� D� QHFHVVLGDGH�GH�SURWHJHU�RV�RXWURV�� 'RU�HPRFLRQDO�H� GRU�ItVLFD�VmR�WHUPRV� IUHTHQWHPHQWH�XVDGRV��(PERUD�PXLWDV�SHVVRDV� WHQGHP�D� VHSDUDU�HVWDV�GRUHV��SURYDYHOPHQWH�R� SURFHVVDPHQWR�GD�OHVmR�WLVVXODU�GRORURVD�H� GD� DQJ~VWLD�QR�FpUHEUR�p�EDVWDQWH�VLPLODU��$OJXPDV� H[SHULrQFLDV�GH�GRU�LQFOXHP�LPSRUWDQWH�OHVmR� WLVVXODU�RX�GRHQoD��PDV�VHPSUH�H[LVWLUi�XP� FRQWH[WR�HPRFLRQDO�TXH�GLIHUH�GH�XPD�VLWXDomR� SDUD�D� RXWUD��1DV�H[SHULrQFLDV�GH�GRU��WDLV�FRPR�R� OXWR�RX�D� UHMHLomR�GH�XPD�SHVVRD�DPDGD�� QDV�TXDLV�H[LVWH�XP�JUDQGH�FRQWH~GR�HPRFLRQDO� WDPEpP�H[LVWLUmR�TXHVW}HV�ItVLFDV� FRPR� PXGDQoDV�QD�WHQVmR�PXVFXODU�H� DOWHUDomR�GD� FLFDWUL]DomR�FHOXODU��(P�XPD�VLWXDomR�QD�TXDO� XPD�SHVVRD�VRIUHX�XPD�OHVmR�QR�WUDEDOKR��SRU� H[HPSOR��DR� OHYDQWDU�XP�REMHWR�RX�DSyV�XPD� TXHGD��H� VHX�HVWDGR�GH�GRU�p� QHJDGR�SRU�XP� VXSHUYLVRU�RX�SURILVVLRQDO�GD�VD~GH��SRGHP� H[LVWLU�FRPSRQHQWHV�HPRFLRQDLV�H� ItVLFRV�PXLWR� IRUWHV�� 2V� FRPSRQHQWHV�HPRFLRQDLV�H� ItVLFRV�GH� XPD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�FODUDPHQWH�H[LVWHP�HP� XP�HVSHFWUR�� 3DUD�OLGDU�HIHWLYDPHQWH�FRP�D� GRU�p� LPSRUWDQWH� LGHQWLILFDU�DV�LQGLUHWDV�VHQVRULDLV��*RVWDPRV�GH� FKDPi�ODV�GH�LQGLUHWDV�TXH�DMXGDP�D�GDU�LJQLomR�j� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU��GHVWD�IRUPD��GDTXL�HP�GLDQWH� YDPRV�FKDPi�ODV�GH� LQGLUHWDV�GH�LJQLomR �� H[SOLFDQGR� 1 ��� D� GRU� �� ��� $�GRU�GHSHQGH�GR�FRQWH[WR�3DUWH� �� $V�TXHVW}HV�GR�FRQWH[WR��H� GH�FHUWD�IRUPD�� D� LGHQWLILFDomR� GDV�LQGLUHWDV�GH� LJQLomR��VmR�PXLWR�LPSRUWDQWHV�QD� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�� 6HJXHP�DEDL[R�DOJXQV�H[HPSORV�� $�GRU�QR�HVFULWyULR�p� FRPXP��(OD�SRGH�VHU�SLRU�TXDQGR�R� FKHIH�HVWi�SUHVHQWH��GHSHQGHQGR�GD�VXD�UHODomR�FRP�HOH�� 1HVWH� FDVR��R� DPELHQWH�p� XPD�LQGLUHWD�LPSRUWDQWH��H� SURYDYHOPHQWH� H[LVWHP�RXWURV�SHTXHQRV�LQFLGHQWHV�QHVWH�PHVPR�DPELHQWH��$� LPDJHP�SURYRFDWLYD�WUD]LGD�DTXL�UHIOHWH�D� FRQWULEXLomR�GRV� SDSpLV�GR�JrQHUR��HVWHUHyWLSR�VH[XDO��VHQVR�GH�FRQWUROH��FDUJD� GH�WUDEDOKR�H� HUJRQRPLD�QD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�� 8PD�HVSLQKD�QXQFD�p� GHVHMiYHO��0DV�DTXHOD�HVSLQKD�SDUHFHUi� VHU�HQRUPH�H� VH�WRUQDUi�PDLV�GRORURVD�GH�VH�WRFDU�VH�YRFr� HVWLYHU�SUHVWHV�D� VDLU�D� XP�HQFRQWUR�LPSRUWDQWH�RX�D� XPD� UHXQLmR�GH�QHJyFLRV�� $�GRU�p� GHSHQGHQWH�GD�SHUFHSomR�GH�VXD�FDXVD��3RU�H[HPSOR�� SDFLHQWHV�SyV�PDVWHFWRPL]DGDV�TXH�DWULEXHP�D� GRU�DR�FmQFHU� UHFLGLYDQWH��WrP�GRU�PDLV�LQWHQVD�H� GHVDJUDGiYHO�GR�TXH� DTXHODV�TXH�DWULEXHP�D� GRU�j� RXWUD�FDXVD��LQGHSHQGHQWH�GR� TXH�UHDOPHQWH�HVWHMD�DFRQWHFHQGR�HP�VHXV�WHFLGRV ā� (P�XP�RXWUR�H[HPSOR�� LQGLYtGXRV��YROXQWiULRV���SRVLFLRQDUDP� VXDV�FDEHoDV�GHQWUR�GH�XP�IDOVR� HVWLPXODGRU�H� IRL�GLWR�D� HOHV� TXH�XPD�FRUUHQWH�HOpWULFD�SDVVDULD�DWUDYpV�GH�VXDV�FDEHoDV�� $SHVDU�GH�QHQKXPD�HVWLPXODomR�WHU�VLGR�GDGD��D� GRU�GHVFULWD� SRU�LQGLYtGXRV�DXPHQWRX�GH�DFRUGR�FRP�D� LQWHQVLGDGH� LQVWUXtGD�GD�HVWLPXODomR �� $�IDOWD�GH�FRQKHFLPHQWR�H� HQWHQGLPHQWR�WDPEpP�FULD�VHXV� SUySULRV�HVWtPXORV�H� H[DFHUED�R�PHGR ��3RU�H[HPSOR ��GRU� LQH[SOLFDGD�H� FRQWtQXD�H� OHV}HV�SURIXQGDV�TXH�QmR�SRGHP�VHU� REVHUYDGDV�D� ROKR�QX��GLIHUHQWHPHQWH�GD�PDLRULD�GDV� OHV}HV�GH� SHOH��DXPHQWDP�R�YDORU�GD�DPHDoD�GHSRVLWDGD�SHOR�SDFLHQWH� HP�UHODomR�j� VXD�GRU��7DPEpP�DFRQWHFH�GH�PRGR�LQYHUVR�� Mi� Ki�PXLWRV�DQRV�VDEH�VH�TXH�TXDQWR�PDLV� LQIRUPDomR�R� H[SOLFDQGR� 1 ��� SDFLHQWH�WLYHU�VREUH�XP�SURFHGLPHQWR�FLU~UJLFR ��PHVPR� VDEHQGR�TXH�D� GRU�GHSRLV�p�EDVWDQWH�QRUPDO��PDLV�VH�UHGX]LUi� D� TXDQWLGDGH�QHFHVViULD�GH�DQDOJpVLFRV�DSyV�D� FLUXUJLD�� $� LQWHQVLGDGH�GH�GRU�TXH�XPD�SHVVRD�VHQWH�p� LQIOXHQFLDGD�SRU� TXHP�PDLV�HVWi�SHUWR��(P�HVWXGRV�H[SHULPHQWDLV�GH�GRU�� KRPHQV�DSUHVHQWDUDP�OLPLDUHV�GH�GRU�PDLV�DOWRV�VH�WHVWDGRV� SRU�PXOKHUHV ā�$OpP�GLVVR��TXDQGR�DFRPSDQKDGR�GH�VXD� HVSRVD��R�PDULGR�FRP�XPD�PXOKHU�PDLV�DWHQFLRVD�H� FXLGDGRVD� WHUi�PDLV�GRU�GR�TXH�DTXHOH�TXH�WHP�XPD�HVSRVD�PHQRV� FXLGDGRVD�� �� 3HUJXQWH�D� VL�PHVPR�R� SRUTXr�GHVWHV�UHVXOWDGRV�� (� ILQDOPHQWH��XPD�GDV�GRUHV�PDLV�FRPXQV�GR�SODQHWD�p� D� GRU� GH�GHQWH��(OD�WDPEpP�GHSHQGH�GR�FRQWH[WR ��(VVD�GRU�GyL�PDLV� SRUTXH�R� WUDEDOKR�GR�GHQWLVWD�p� FDUR"�7RGR�GHQWLVWD�FRQKHFH� DTXHOH�WLSR�GH�SDFLHQWH�TXH�PDUFD� XPD�FRQVXOWD�GH�HPHUJrQFLD��QR� HQWDQWR ��D� GRU�GH�GHQWH�GHVDSDUHFH� QR�PRPHQWR�HP�TXH�D� SHVVRD�HQWUD� QR�FRQVXOWyULR�GR�FLUXUJLmR��'RU�GH� GHQWH�p� XP�JUDQGH�H[HPSOR�GH�GRU� TXH�OKH�ID]� WRPDU�DOJXPD� SURYLGrQFLD��6H� VXD�GRU�VXPLX�LVVR� SURYDYHOPHQWH�VLJQLILFD�TXH�R� VHX� FpUHEUR�ILFRX�VDWLVIHLWR�SRU�YRFr�WHU� WRPDGR�DV�SURYLGrQFLDV�QHFHVViULDV� DQWHV�PHVPR�TXH�R�GHQWLVWD�WHQKD� LVWR�VXD�ERFD�� D� GRU� �� ��� 2�IDQWDVPD�QR�FRUSR� 2�FRQFHLWR�GR�FRUSR�YLUWXDO� ��� 'RU�IDQWDVPD�UHSUHVHQWD�D� GRU�VHQWLGD� HP�XPD�SDUWH�GR�FRUSR�D� TXDO�QmR�PDLV� H[LVWH ��6HWHQWD�SRU�FHQWR�GDV�SHVVRDV�TXH� SHUGHP�XP�PHPEUR� VRIUHP�GH�GRU� IDQWDVPD��1R�HQWDQWR ��LVVR�QmR�RFRUUH� VRPHQWH�FRP�SHUQDV�H� EUDoRV ��6HLRV��SrQLV� H� OtQJXDV�IDQWDVPDV�WDPEpP�IRUDP� UHODWDGRVH[� �� � $FUHGLWDPRV�TXH�WRGDV�DV� SHVVRDV�TXH�VRIUHP�GH�GRU�SRGHP� EHQHILFLDU�VH�DR�DSUHQGHUHP�PDLV�VREUH�D� GRU�IDQWDVPD�� 8PD�GDV�OLo}HV�RULJLQD�VH�GD�DSDUHQWH� UHDOLGDGH�GR�PHPEUR�IDQWDVPD��(OH�SRGH� FRoDU�� IRUPLJDU�H� GRHU��2V� VLQWRPDV�GR� PHPEUR�IDQWDVPD�SLRUDP�TXDQGR�D� SHVVRD� ILFD�HVWUHVVDGD��SLRUDP�WDPEpP�TXDQGR� DOJXpP�VH�DSUR[LPD�GD�SDUWH�GR�FRUSR�TXH� H[LVWLD��SHUWR�GR�FRWR���$OJXPDV�SHVVRDV� UHODWDP�VHQWLU�DQpLV�HP�GHGRV�IDQWDVPD�� VHQWLU�iUHDV�RSHUDGDV�HP�FLUXUJLDV�DQWLJDV� H� PmRV�DLQGD�IHFKDGDV�FRPR� VH�HVWLYHVVHP� VHJXUDQGR�R� JXLGmR�GH�XPD�PRWR ��$OJXQV� SDFLHQWHV�UHODWDP�SHUQDV�IDQWDVPDV�TXH� QmR�SRGHP�SDUDU�GH�DQGDU �� $�GRU�DSyV�D� DPSXWDomR�QRUPDOPHQWH�p� PDLV�LQWHQVD�VH�Mi�H[LVWLD�GRU�DQWHV�GD� DPSXWDomR��,VVR�p� XP�WLSR�GH�PHPyULD� GD�GRU�� $�GRU�QR�PHPEUR�IDQWDVPD�QRV�HQVLQD� VREUH�D� UHSUHVHQWDomR�RX�R�PDSD�GR� PHPEUR� �R� PHPEUR�YLUWXDO ��GHQWUR�GR� FpUHEUR ��'H� IDWR ��PXLWRV�FRUSRV�YLUWXDLV� H[LVWHP�GHQWUR�GR�FpUHEUR��1RVVRV�FRUSRV� YLUWXDLV�QRV�SHUPLWHP�VDEHU�RQGH�R� QRVVR� FRUSR�UHDO�VH� ORFDOL]D�QR�HVSDoR ��7HQWH� IHFKDU�VHXV�ROKRV�H� DOFDQoDU�XPD�[tFDUD�� 9RFr� SRGH�ID]r�OR� SRUTXH�VHX�FpUHEUR�XVD�R� FRUSR�YLUWXDO�SDUD�VDEHU�RQGH�R� FRUSR� UHDO� HVWi��1RV�PHPEURV�IDQWDVPDV ��HPERUD�D� SHUQD�HVWHMD�DXVHQWH ��D� SHUQD�YLUWXDO�H� D� UHODomR�GHVWD�FRP�R� UHVWR�GR� FRUSR�DLQGD� HVWi�UHSUHVHQWDGD�QR�FpUHEUR �� &ULDQoDV�SRGHP�WHU�PHPEURV�IDQWDVPDV�PHVPR�TXH�HODV� WHQKDP�QDVFLGR�VHP�RV�PHPEURV� ��2�TXH�LVWR�QRV� GHPRQVWUD�p� TXH�GHYH�H[LVWLU�XP�FRUSR�YLUWXDO�QR�FpUHEUR� GR�UHFpP�QDVFLGR ��(VWH�FRUSR�YLUWXDO�p� FRQVWUXtGR�� UHILQDGR�H� VRPDGR�FRQIRUPH�FUHVFHPRV�H� ID]HPRV�FRLVDV� QRYDV ��3RU�H[HPSOR��FRQVLGHUH�D� DomR�GH�DSUHQGHU�D� FKXWDU�XPD�EROD��2�PDSD�GD�SHUQD�OLJD�VH�jV�iUHDV�GR� FpUHEUR�TXH�HVWmR�HQYROYLGDV�FRP�R� HTXLOtEULR ��FRP�D� FRRUGHQDomR�PRWRUD�H� FRP�R�XVR�GH�P~VFXORV�HVSHFtILFRV�� 7DOYH]�R� ~QLFR�HIHLWR�FRODWHUDO�ERP�GH�XPD�SHTXHQD� OHVmR�FHUHEUDO�p� TXH�DV�GRUHV�IDQWDVPDV�SUp�H[LVWHQWHV� SRGHP�GHVDSDUHFHU��$OJXQV�HVWXGRV��ā��� PRVWUDUDP�SRU� PHLR�GH�LPDJHP�FHUHEUDO�TXH�D� GRU�IDQWDVPD�HVWi� DVVRFLDGD�D� DOWHUDo}HV�H[WHQVDV�QR�PRGR�FRPR�R� FpUHEUR� HVWi�RUJDQL]DGR��(VWHV�HVWXGRV�PRVWUDP�TXH�RFRUUHP� PXGDQoDV�DFHQWXDGDV�QR�FpUHEUR�HP�TXDOTXHU�VLWXDomR� GH�GRU�FU{QLFD�H� QmR�DSHQDV�QD�GRU�IDQWDVPD� � �� (VWDV� DOWHUDo}HV�UHVXOWDP�HP�PXGDQoDV�QR�FRUSR�YLUWXDO��3RU� H[HPSOR��QR�FDVR�GD�GRU�IDQWDVPD�QD�SHUQD��D� iUHD�GR� FpUHEUR�UHODFLRQDGD�FRP�D� SHUQD�WRUQD�VH� PDQFKDGD �� GH�IRUPD�TXH�QmR�H[LVWH�PDLV�XPD�SHUQD�YLUWXDO�WUDoDGD� QR�FpUHEUR�GH�IRUPD�QtWLGD�� O MAPA SENSORIAL NO CÉREBRO H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� *UXSRV�GH�QHXU{QLRV�UHODFLRQDGRV�j�SDUWHV�GR�FRUSR��R�+RP~QFXOR�� HVWmR�QXPD�ILQD�IDL[D�GR�FpUHEUR�ORJR�DFLPD�GD�VXD�RUHOKD� &$%(d$� 7Ï5$;� 02� '('26� )$&(� '(17(6� /Ë1*8$� )$5,1*(� ,17(67,12� D� GRU� �� ��� ,GDGH�� JrQHUR�� FXOWXUD�H�GRU� hV�HIHLWRV�SUHFLVRV�GD�LGDGH��FXOWXUD�H� JrQHUR�VREUH�D�GRU� VmR�GLItFHLV�GH�VHUHP�HVWXGDGRV�H� QmR�VmR�FRPSOHWDPHQWH� FRPSUHHQGLGRV��HPERUD�SHVTXLVDV�QHVWDV�iUHDV�HVWHMDP�VHQGR� GHVHQYROYLGDV�UDSLGDPHQWH�� ,'$'(� $�YLVmR�PpGLFD�IUHTHQWHPHQWH�WHP�VLGR�D� GH�TXH�DV�SHVVRDV� PDLV�YHOKDV�H�PDLV�MRYHQV�VHQWHP�PHQRV�GRU�GR�TXH�DV� SHVVRDV�GH�PHLD�LGDGH�� ,VWR�QmR�p�YHUGDGH���� �� 2V�PpWRGRV� SDUD�R� WUDWDPHQWR�GD�GRU�DSUHVHQWDGRV�QHVWH�OLYUR�VmR�LJXDLV�SDUD�WRGDV�DV�LGDGHV ��FRP�SRVVtYHLV�DGDSWDo}HV�TXDQGR� QHFHVViULR ��)DODQGR�GH�PRGR�JHUDO��VH�D� FDQFHOD�GH�XPD� HVWUDGD�GH�IHUUR�FDLU�FRP�D�PHVPD�IRUoD�HP�XPD�FULDQoD�GH� ���DQRV��XP�KRPHP�GH����DQRV�H�XP�KRPHP�GH����DQRV�� WRGRV�HOHV�GLUmR�TXH�GyL��Mi�TXH�D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�IRUoD�p� D� PHVPD��'LWR�LVWR ��D� UHVSRVWD�GH�GRU�DSyV�WHU�VLGR�DFHUWDGR�SRU� HVWD�FDQFHOD�LUi�YDULDU�GH�DFRUGR�FRP�D� LGDGH ��8P�EHEr� JULWDUi��XPD�FULDQoD�LUi�FKRUDU��XP�DGXOWR�SRGH�UHDJLU�GH� YiULDV�IRUPDV�� $�SUHYDOrQFLD�GH�DOJXPDV�GRUHV��FRPR�D� ORPEDOJLD��YDULD� GXUDQWH�D�YLGD�� �� 3RU�H[HPSOR��SHVVRDV�DFLPD�GH����DQRV�WrP� PHQRV�ORPEDOJLD�GR�TXH�DTXHODV�DEDL[R�GRV��� ��,VWR�PRVWUD� QRYDPHQWH�TXH�D� GRU�QmR�HVWi�QHFHVVDULDPHQWH�UHODFLRQDGD� FRP�D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�GHJHQHUDomR�GRV�WHFLGRV�� 1yV�FRPHoDPRV�D� DWULEXLU�VLJQLILFDGR�j� GRU�D� SDUWLU�GH�XPD� LGDGH�PXLWR�SUHFRFH��9RFr�Mi�QRWRX�TXH�TXDQGR�FULDQoDV�VH� PDFKXFDP��IUHTHQWHPHQWH�HODV�ROKDP�SDUD�RV�VHXV�SDLV�DQWHV� PHVPR�GH�JULWDUHP�FRP�GRU"�2V� SDLV�SRGHP� LQIRUPDU �jV� FULDQoDV�VREUH�R� VLJQLILFDGR�GR�HVWtPXOR�VHQVRULDO�TXH�HVWmR� UHFHEHQGR��SURILVVLRQDLV�GD�VD~GH�WDPEpP�LQIRUPDP�SDFLHQWHV� VREUH�R� VLJQLILFDGR�GRV�HVWtPXORV�VHQVRULDLV� ��2�LPSDFWR� SUHPDWXUR�GR�VLJQLILFDGR�IRL� LQYHVWLJDGR�HP�DVVRFLDomR�FRP� LQMHo}HV ��D� VHJXQGD�LQMHomR�TXH�XPD�FULDQoD�UHFHEH� QRUPDOPHQWH�FDXVD�PDLRU�FRPSRUWDPHQWR�GH�GRU��H[��JULWR�� IXJD��GR�TXH�QD�SULPHLUD�YH]� � �� $OpP�GLVVR��GXUDQWH�D�YDFLQDomR� RV�FRPSRUWDPHQWRV�GH�GRU�GH�XP�PHQLQR�MRYHP�FLUFXQFLVDGR� VmR�PDLV�yEYLRV�GR�TXH�GH�XP�PHQLQR�QmR�FLUFXQFLVDGR�� � *Ç1(52� As GLIHUHQoDV�QDV�H[SHULrQFLDV�GH�GRU�SRGHP�VHU�GHYLGR�DRV� yUJmRV�UHSURGXWLYRV�H�RX�DRV�SDSpLV�GR�JrQHUR�QD�VRFLHGDGH �� 3RU�H[HPSOR��DV�GLIHUHQoDV�SRGHP�VHJXLU�HVWHUHyWLSRV ��RV� SDSpLV�GD�PmH�H� GR�SDL��PXOKHUHV�XVDQGR�VDOWR�DOWR��KRPHQV� FRP�EDUULJDV�GH�FHUYHMD��PXOKHUHV�FRP�VHLRV�JUDQGHV�� SURFXUD�GH�HPSUHJR�HVWHUHRWLSDGDV��SDVVDWHPSRV�H� HVSRUWHV� SUDWLFDGRV��(VWDV�GLIHUHQoDV�QD�GRU�QRUPDOPHQWH�Vm�R� FDXVDGDV�SHORV�GLIHUHQWHV�SDSpLV�QD�VRFLHGDGH�H� QmR�SHOD� ILVLRORJLD�GLIHUHQWH�� ([LVWH�XP�PLWR�SRSXODU�GH�TXH�DV�PXOKHUHV�WrP�PHQRU� OLPLDU�GH�GRU�H�PHQRU�WROHUkQFLD�GR�TXH�RV�KRPHQV��SHOR� PHQRV�DWp�TXH�HQWUHP�HP�WUDEDOKR�GH�SDUWR��PRPHQWR�QR� TXDO�VHXV�OLPLDUHV�GH�GRU�H� WROHUkQFLD�DXPHQWDP� PDJLFDPHQWH ��e�PDLV�SURYiYHO�TXH�PXLWDV�PXOKHUHV� UHODWDP�D� GRU�GH�IRUPD�PDLV�KRQHVWD�DWp�TXH�WHQKDP� H[SHULPHQWDGR�D� GRU�GR�SDUWR��SRU�DFUHGLWDUHP�TXH�QHVVD� KRUD�HODV�Vm�R� REULJDGDV �D� VHUHP� IRUWHV ��$LQGD�H[LVWH�XPD� WHQGrQFLD�GH�PLQLPL]DU�D� PHGLFDomR�HP�SDFLHQWHV�PXOKHUHV� FRP�GRU�HP�FRPSDUDomR�DRV�KRPHQV ��R�TXH�VXJHUH�TXH�RV� SURILVVLRQDLV�GD�VD~GH�SRGHP�ID]HU�PDLV� SVLFRORJLD �FRP�D� GRU�GDV�PXOKHUHV�GR�TXH�FRP�D� GRU�GRV�KRPHQV�� �� 1yV�WDPEpP�GHYHUtDPRV�WHU�FRQKHFLPHQWR�GH�TXH�D�PDLRULD� GDV�SHVTXLVDV�QD�iUHD�GD�GRU�DWp�KRMH�WrP�VLGR�IHLWDV�HP� DQLPDLV�PDFKRV�SRU�SHVTXLVDGRUHV�KRPHQV��7DOYH]�QRVVR� HQWHQGLPHQWR�GD�GRU�PXGH�TXDQGR�HVWDV�FRQYHQo}HV�GH� SHVTXLVD�PXGDUHP�� H[SOLFDQGR� &8/785$� 1 ��� As LQLFLDo}HV�Vm�R� XP�JUDQGH�H[HPSOR�GDV�LQIOXrQFLDV� FXOWXUDLV�� IUHTHQWHPHQWH�HQYROYHP�OHVmR�VHYHUD�PDV� UDUDPHQWH�Vm�R� GHVFULWDV�FRPR�GRORURVDV��'RU�VHULD�XPD� UHVSRVWD�VHQVDWD�TXDQGR�R�PRWLYR�GD�LQLFLDomR�p� SDUD�VH� HQWUDU�QD�LGDGH�DGXOWD"�(� HP�UHODomR�às FUXFLILFDo}HV� �YROXQWiULDV��GXUDQWH�D� 3iVFRD�QDV�)LOLSLQDV�� SRXFD�RX� QHQKXPD�GRU�p� UHODWDGD��$JRUD��SRUTXH�D� GRU�VHULD�VHQVDWD� TXDQGR�R� SRQWR�GD�FUXFLILFDomR�p�MXVWDPHQWH�SDUD�VH�FKHJDU� SHUWR�GH�'HXV"� 0XLWRV�HVWXGRV��ā��� UHODWDP�GLIHUHQoDV� QRV�OLPLDUHV�GH�GRU� H� UHVSRVWDV�HQWUH�DV� SHVVRDV�GH� GLIHUHQWHV�FXOWXUDV�� 3RU�H[HPSOR ��R� QtYHO� GH�FDORU�UDGLDQWH� TXH�DV�SHVVRDV�GR� 0HGLWHUUkQHR�DFKDP� GRORURVR�p� PHUDPHQWH�FRQVLGHUDGR�FRPR�TXHQWH�SDUD�RV�GR�1RUWH�GD� (XURSD ��7HULDP�DV�SHVVRDV�GR�0HGLWHUUkQHR�PDLV�UD]}HV� SDUD�FRQVLGHUDU�R� FDORU�UDGLDQWH�FRPR�VHQGR�SHULJRVR"� $� VXD�GRU�QXQFD�VHUi�D� PHVPD�GRU�FRPR�DTXHOD�VHQWLGD� SHOR�VHX�SURILVVLRQDO�GD�VD~GH�RX�SRU�TXDOTXHU�RXWUD�SHVVRD� SRU�PDLV�TXH�HOHV�WHQKDP�R�PHVPR�SUREOHPD�� P�5HFDSLWXODQGR� � 7RGDV�DV�H[SHULrQFLDV�GH�GRU�VmR�8LQD� UHVSRVWD�QRUPDO�SDUD�R�TXH�R� VHX�FpUHEUR� LQWHUSUHWD�FRPR�VHQGR�8LQD�DPHDoD�� � A TXDQWLGDGH�GH�GRU�VHQWLGD�QmR�QHFHVVDULDPHQWH� VH�UHODFLRQD�FRP�D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�GDQR�WLVVXODU�� � A FRQVWUXomR�GD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU� GHVHQYROYLGD�SHOR�FpUHEUR�GHSHQGH�GH�PXLWDV� LQGLUHWDV�VHQVRULDLV�� � A GRU�QR�PHPEUR�IDQWDVPD�VHUYH�FRPR�XPD� OHPEUDQoD�GR�PHPEUR�YLUWXDO�QR�FpUHEUR�� 2�VLVWHPD�GH�DODUPH�SUHFLVD�WHU�XP�FHQWUR�GH�FRPDQGR�� REYLDPHQWH��R� FpUHEUR��'R�PHVPR�PRGR�TXH�DV�VXDV� PDLRUHV�SRVVHV�VmR�SUHIHUHQFLDOPHQWH�JXDUGDGDV�GHQWUR�GH� XPD�FDL[LQKD�DFROFKRDGD��VHJXUD�H� FRP�DODUPH��R� FHQWUR�GH� FRPDQGR�HVWi�DORMDGR�QR�ORFDO�PDLV�VHJXUR�TXH�R� FRUSR� SRGH�HQFRQWUDU�� QD�VHJXUDQoD�GR�FUkQLR�H�RV�RVVRV�GR� FUkQLR�VmR�RV�QRVVRV�RVVRV�PDLV�IRUWHV�� H� DFRQFKHJDGR�QXP� DPELHQWH�KLGUDXOLFDPHQWH�DPRUWHFLGR ��7DPEpP�H[LVWHP� RXWURV�FHQWURV�GH�VXE�FRPDQGRV��RV�TXDLV�WDPEpP�HVWmR� DORMDGRV�HP�ORFDLV�UD]RDYHOPHQWH�VHJXURV�� SHUWR�GRV�RVVRV� GD�FROXQD��9HMD�QD�SiJLQD��� �� 1HVWD�ILJXUD��XP�FRUWH�GH�SDSHO�GDQLILFRX�D� SHOH�R�TXH� UHVXOWRX�HP�DOJXQV�VLQDLV�GH�DODUPH��0DV�R� SURFHVVR�p�PDLV� FRPSOLFDGR�GR�TXH�LVVR ��1HP�VHPSUH�TXH�H[LVWHP�VLQDLV�GH� DODUPH��KDYHUi�GRU�� 6H�YRFr�FRORFDU�D� VXD�PmR�VREUH�XPD� VXSHUItFLH�TXHQWH��D� HOHYDomR�GD�WHPSHUDWXUD�IDUi�WRFDU� DOJXQV�VLQRV�GH�DODUPH�H� DOJXPDV�PHQVDJHQV�GH�SHULJR� HPLQHQWH�VHUmR�HQYLDGDV�GD�SHOH�GD�VXD�PmR�DWp�R� FpUHEUR�� 2�SURFHVVR�TXH�SRGH�HYHQWXDOPHQWH�WUDQVIRUPDU�HVWDV� PHQVDJHQV�GH�SHULJR�HP�GRU�p�PXLWR�PDLV�FRPSOH[R��1HVWD� VHomR�GDUHPRV�XPD�ROKDGD�QRV�SRUPHQRUHV�GHVWH�LQFUtYHO� VLVWHPD�GH�DODUPH�TXH�H[LVWH�HP�WRGRV�QyV�� H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� D� GRU� �� ��� 8PD�YLVmR�PDLV�SUy[LPD�GRV�VLQDLV�GH�DODUPH� 3HTXHQRV�UHSyUWHUHV�IDUHMDGRUHV�SRGHP�GLVSDUDU�RV�VLQRV�GH�DODUPH� (P�WRGR�R� VHX�FRUSR�H[LVWHP�PLOK}HV�GH�UHFHSWRUHV�TXH� SRGHP�VHU�FRPSDUDGRV�D� UHSyUWHUHV�TXH�HVWmR�FRQVWDQWHPHQWH� LQVSHFLRQDQGR�iUHDV�GR� VHX�FRUSR�SRU�DOJXP�WLSR�GH� DWLYLGDGH��(VWHV�UHFHSWRUHV�HQFRQWUDP�VH�QD�SDUHGH�H� QD� WHUPLQDomR�GH�QHXU}QLRV�LQGLYLGXDLV�TXH�WrP�D� KDELOLGDGH�GH� WUDQVSRUWDU�LQIRUPDo}HV�SDUD�D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO��9HMD�D� SiJLQD����SDUD�PDLRUHV�LQIRUPDo}HV�VREUH�QHXU{QLRV�� (VWHV� UHFHSWRUHV�SRGHP�VHU�EDVWDQWH�HVSHFLDOL]DGRV ��$OJXQV� UHVSRQGHP�j� IRUoDV�PHFkQLFDV��0���WDLV�FRPR�XP�EHOLVFmR� RX�SUHVVmR��2XWURV�UHVSRQGHP�D� PXGDQoDV�GH�WHPSHUDWXUD� �7���WDQWR�FDORU�TXDQWR�IULR�� (� RXWURV�DLQGD��UHVSRQGHP�j� SUHVHQoD�GH�PXGDQoDV�TXtPLFDV� �4��� WDQWR�H[WHUQDV�DR�VHX� FRUSR� �H[��XUWLJDV��DOpUJHQRV��TXDQWR�LQWHUQDV��H[�� VXEVWkQFLDV� TXtPLFDV�OLEHUDGDV�SHODV�FpOXODV�RX�WUDQVSRUWDGDV�QRV�IOXLGRV� FRUSRUDLV��H[�� iFLGR�OiWLFR���4XDQGR�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�UHVSRQGHP� D� XP�HVWtPXOR��FRPR�DR�iFLGR�RX�XP�EHOLVFmR��HOHV�DEUHP�VH� SDUD�TXH�SDUWtFXODV�SRVLWLYDPHQWH�FDUUHJDGDV�TXH�HVWmR�GR� ODGR�GH�IRUD�GR�QHXU{QLR�HQWUHP�UDSLGDPHQWH�QR�PHVPR�� ,VVR�RULJLQD�XP�LPSXOVR�HOpWULFR�QHVWH�QHXU{QLR�� (VWHV� UHFHSWRUHV��MXQWDPHQWH�FRP�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�ORFDOL]DGRV� HP�VHXV�ROKRV��TXH�VmR�HVSHFLDOL]DGRV�HP�UHVSRQGHUHP�j� OX]��� RXYLGRV��HVSHFLDOL]DGRV�HP�UHVSRQGHUHP�jV�RQGDV�VRQRUDV��H� QDUL]�H�HVSHFLDOL]DGR�HP�UHVSRQGHU�jV�VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�� VmR�D� VXD�SULPHLUD�SURWHomR�FRQWUD�R� GDQR�SRWHQFLDO��2�VHX� FpUHEUR�VHUi�DYLVDGR�VREUH�RV�HVWtPXORV�PDLV�SHULJRVRV��H� VH� XP�WLSR�GH� UHFHSWRU�IDOKDU��RXWUR�SRGH�DVVXPLU�D� SRVLomR�� $VVLP�FRPR�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�VmR�HVSHFLDOL]DGRV��RV�QHXU{QLRV� QRV�TXDLV�HVWHV�UHFHSWRUHV�HVWmR�DORMDGRV�WDPEpP�SRGHP�VHU� HVSHFLDOL]DGRV�� 3RU�H[HPSOR��RV�LPSXOVRV�HOpWULFRV�HP�DOJXQV� QHXU{QLRV�YLDMDP�����TXLORPHWURV�SRU�KRUD��HQTXDQWR�HP� RXWURV��YLDMDP�D� VRPHQWH�XP�TXLORPHWUR�SRU�KRUD�� ,VWR� VLJQLILFD�TXH��GHYLGR�D� DPEDV�HVSHFLDOL]Do}HV��DV�LQIRUPDo}HV� TXH�RV�QHXU{QLRV�WUDQVPLWHP�DR�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR�FHQWUDO�VmR� EDVWDQWH�OLPLWDGDV��3RU�H[HPSOR��D�PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�p� DYLVDGD� VREUH� WHPSHUDWXUD�HOHYDGD�HP�PLQKD�iUHD ��RX� QtYHO�HOHYDGR� GH�iFLGR�HP�PLQKD�iUHD ��RX� 3(5,*2��HP�PLQKD�iUHD ��(VWDV� VHQVDo}HV�FRPSOH[DV�GDV�TXDLV�WRPDPRV�FRQVFLrQFLD��FRPR�R� FRUWH ��R� HVWLUDPHQWR ��XP� UDVJmR �H� D� DJRQLD ��VmR� SURGX]LGDV�SHOD�FRQVWUXomR�TXH�RFRUUH�QR�FpUHEUR��H� EDVHDGDV�QD�DYDOLDomR�FHUHEUDO�GH�WRGDV�DV� LQIRUPDo}HV� GLVSRQtYHLV��H� QmR�VRPHQWH�QDV�PHQVDJHQV�GH�SHULJR�� CONHEÇA ALGUNS SENSORES QUE RESPONDEM À DIFERENTES ESTÍMULOS �� �1-����� ,1)250$d2�9,7$/�'26�5(&(3725(6� ��� $�PDLRULD�GRV�UHFHSWRUHV�HVWmR�ORFDOL]DGRV�HP�VHX� FpUHEUR��(VWHV� UHFHSWRUHV�VmR�HVSHFLDOPHQWH�DGDSWDGRV� SDUD�D� DWLYDomR�TXtPLFD��'LYHUVRV�WLSRV�GH�SHQVDPHQWRV� SRGHP�ID]HU�FRP�TXH�RV�VLQRV�GH�DODUPH�GHQWUR�GR� FpUHEUR�WRTXHP��DVVLP�FRPR�D� LUULWDomR�H�RXWURV� HVWtPXORV�SRGHP�ID]HU�FRP�TXH�RV�VLQRV�GH�DODUPH�GRV� QHUYRV�SHULIpULFRV�WRTXHP��9DPRV�FRPHoDU�FRP�RV� UHFHSWRUHV�GRV�QHUYRV�GD�SHOH��P~VFXORV�H� RVVRV�� ��� 4XDQGR�YRFr�REVHUYD�RV�QHXU{QLRV�HP�XP� PLFURVFySLR��H[LVWH�PXLWD�DWLYLGDGH�QRV�UHFHSWRUHV�� 1yV�GHVHQKDPRV�XP�UHFHSWRU�PHFkQLFR��0���XP�GH� WHPSHUDWXUD��7��H� XP�TXtPLFR� �4��� 8P�UHFHSWRU� PHFkQLFR�SRGH�VHU�DEHUWR�RX�IHFKDGR� SRU�YiULDV� VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�� 3RU�H[HPSOR��VH�YRFr�IRU�DR� GHQWLVWD�H� WRPDU�DQHVWHVLD��RV�TXtPLFRV�GD�GURJD� LQMHWDGD�IHFKDUmR�RV�UHFHSWRUHV��GH�IRUPD�TXH�QmR� SRVVDP�GHWHFWDU�HVWtPXORV�PHFkQLFRV��$VVLP��QHQKXP� LPSXOVR�YDL�SDUD�D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO��2�FpUHEUR�QmR� WRPD�FRQKHFLPHQWR�GR� SHULJR��2XWUDV�GURJDV�H� VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�SRGHP�PDQWHU�RV�VHQVRUHV� DEHUWRV��3RU�H[HPSOR��D� IHUURDGD�GH�XPD�DUUDLD�OL[D�� FRQVLGHUDGD�SRU�TXDOTXHU�SHVVRD�TXH�WHQKD�VLGR�SLFDGD� FRPR�D� FRLVD�PDLV�GRORURVD�TXH�Mi�H[SHULPHQWRX�� IXQFLRQD�SRU�PDQWHU�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�DEHUWRV�� ��� $� YLGD�~WLO�GH�XP�UHFHSWRU�p� FXUWD�� (OHV�YLYHP� VRPHQWH�SRU�DOJXQV�GLDV�H� HQWmR�VmR�UHSRVWRV�SRU� UHFHSWRUHV�QRYRV��,VWR�VLJQLILFD�TXH�VXD� VHQVLELOLGDGH�HVWi�FRQWLQXDPHQWH�VH�DOWHUDQGR�� /HPEUH�VH�GLVWR��6H�YRFr�VRIUH�GH�GRU��HVWD� LQIRUPDomR�SRGH�WH�GDU�QRYD�HVSHUDQoD��6HX�QtYHO� DWXDO�GH�VHQVLELOLGDGH�QmR�p� GHILQLWLYR�� H[SOLFDQGR� ��� 5HFHSWRUHV�VmR�SURWHtQDV�SURGX]LGDV�GHQWUR�GRV� QHXU{QLRV�VRE�D� GLUHomR�GR�'1$�� R�PDLRU�GH�WRGRV�RV� OLYURV�GH� UHFHLWD��([LVWHP�WRGRV�RV�WLSRV�GH�UHFHLWDV�QR� '1$�� R�TXH�LQFOXL�DTXHODV�SDUD�GLIHUHQWHV�WLSRV�GH� UHFHSWRUHV��2V� UHFHSWRUHV�HVSHFLDOL]DGRV��SURGX]LGRV�SRU� XP�QHXU{QLR�HP�SDUWLFXODU��GHSHQGHP�GH�TXDLV�UHFHLWDV� VmR� DWLYDGDV ��$V� UHFHLWDV�TXH�VmR�DWLYDGDV�GHQWUR�GH� XP�QHXU{QLR�HP�SDUWLFXODU��GHSHQGHP�GD�SHFXOLDULGDGH� GH�VXD�VREUHYLYrQFLD�H� GH�VXDV�QHFHVVLGDGHV�GH� FRQIRUWR�HP�XP�GDGR�PRPHQWR��$�PLVWXUD�GH� UHFHSWRUHV�QRUPDOPHQWH�p� UHODWLYDPHQWH�HVWiYHO��PDV� SRGH�PXGDU�UDSLGDPHQWH��6H� VHX�FpUHEUR�GHFLGH�TXH� XP�DXPHQWR�GD�VHQVLELOLGDGH�p�PHOKRU�SDUD�D� VXD� VREUHYLYrQFLD��R� '1$�SRGH�DXPHQWDU�D� PDQXIDWXUD�GH� PDLV�UHFHSWRUHV�RV�TXDLV�SRGHP�VH�DEULU�FRP�R� HVWUHVVH�RFDVLRQDGR�SRU�TXtPLFRV��FRPR�D� DGUHQDOLQD�� ��� 6LPLODUPHQWH��D� WD[D�FRP�TXH�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�VmR� SURGX]LGRV�QRUPDOPHQWH�p� UHODWLYDPHQWH�HVWiYHO��PDV� SRGH�PXGDU�UDSLGDPHQWH��8PD�PXGDQoD�GD�WD[D�GH� SURGXomR�GH�UHFHSWRUHV�DXPHQWD�RX�GLPLQXL�D� VHQVLELOLGDGH�GR�QHXU{QLR�HP�UHODomR�D� XP�HVWtPXOR� SDUWLFXODU��6H�YRFr�WHP�GRU�SHUVLVWHQWH��HVWD�LQIRUPDomR� GHYHULD�WH�GDU�HVSHUDQoD��Mi�TXH�D� WD[D�GH�SURGXomR�GH� UHFHSWRUHV�SRGH�VHU�UHGX]LGD� VH�D� GHPDQGD�SHOD�SURGXomR� WDPEpP�IRU�UHGX]LGD�� �� ��� (X�VRX�XP�VHQVRU� PHFkQLFR��(X�QmR� JRVWR�GH�iFLGR�� D� GRU� �� ��� 8PD�YLVmR�PDLV�SUy[LPD�GRV�VLQDLV�GH�DODUPH� FRQWLQXDomR� &RPR�p� TXH�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�H� D� DWLYLGDGH�VHQVRULDO�VH� UHODFLRQDP�FRP�D� GRU"� (VWH�OLYUR�DEUDQJH�YiULRV�DVSHFWRV�GD�GRU��PDV�QD�YHUGDGH� QyV�QmR�WHPRV� UHFHSWRUHV�GH�GRU �� QHUYRV�GH�GRU �� WUDWRV� QHXUDLV�GH�GRU �RX� FHQWURV�GH�GRU ��1R�HQWDQWR��H[LVWHP� DOJXQV�QHXU{QLRV�HP�VHXV�WHFLGRV�FRUSRUDLV�TXH�UHVSRQGHP� D� TXDOTXHU�WLSR�GH�HVWtPXOR��QR�FDVR�GHVWHV� HVWtPXORV� VHUHP�VXILFLHQWHV�SDUD�VHUHP�LQWHUSUHWDGRV�FRPR�VHQGR� SHULJRVRV�DR�WHFLGR��$�DWLYDomR�GHVWHV�QHXU{QLRV�HVSHFLDLV� HQYLD�XP�VLQDO�GH�DODUPH�SULRULWiULR�SDUD�D�PHGXOD� HVSLQKDO ��R� TXDO�SRGH�VHU�HQYLDGR�SDUD�R� FpUHEUR��(VWH�WLSR� GH�DWLYLGDGH�QRV�QHUYRV�p� FKDPDGD� QRFLFHSomR ��TXH� OLWHUDOPHQWH�VLJQLILFD� UHFHSomR�GH�SHULJR��7RGRV�QyV� WHPRV�QRFLFHSomR�DFRQWHFHQGR�R� WHPSR�WRGR�� SRUpP� VRPHQWH�DOJXPDV�YH]HV�HOD�GH�IDWR� UHVXOWD�HP�GRU�� $�QRFLFHSomR�p� D�PDLV�FRPXP��SRUpP�GH� IRUPD�DOJXPD�p� D� ~QLFD�SUHFXUVRUD�GD�GRU��3RU�H[HPSOR��DOJXQV�SHQVDPHQWRV� SRGHP�SRU�VL�Vy�SRGHP�DWLYDU�GLUHWDPHQWH�RV�VLQDLV�GH� DODUPH�TXH�HVWmR�QR�FpUHEUR��VHP�TXH�RFRUUD�QRFLFHSomR�HP� TXDOTXHU�RXWUR�OXJDU�� /HPEUH�VH��3RVVXLU�XP�SURFHVVR�DWLYR�GH�QRFLFHSomR� QmR�p� FRQGLomR�VXILFLHQWH�RX�QHFHVViULD�SDUD�JHUDU�GRU�� R� 9iULRV�UHFHSWRUHV�HVWmR� LQVHULGRV�QD�PHPEUDQD� GH�XP�QHXU{QLR��6H�XP�UHFHSWRU�p� DEHUWR�� tRQV� IOXLUmR� SDUD�GHQWUR��0XLWRV� UHFHSWRUHV� VmR� SURMHWDGRV�SDUD�VH�DEULUHP�FRP�XP�HVWtPXOR� HVSHFtILFR ��0� DEUH�FRP�IRUoDV�PHFkQLFDV ��$� DEUH�FRP�iFLGR�RX�IRUoDV�TXtPLFDV�H�7�DEUH�FRP� DV�PXGDQoDV�GH�WHPSHUDWXUD��6H� H[LVWLU� DEHUWXUD�VXILFLHQWH��RV� tRQV�SRVLWLYRV� IOXLUmR� SDUD� GHQWUR�GRV�QHXU{QLRV�H� HQYLDUmR�XPD�PHQVDJHP� GH� SHULJR�SDUD�D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�� 1(85Ð1,2� R� W�� R� o ;� R� o R� H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� )( )( ;� ��� ��� ��� ��� )( �I��� ��� Q o D� GRU� �� ��� (QYLDQGR�PHQVDJHQV� 8P�Q~PHUR�FUtWLFR�GH�UHFHSWRUHV�DEHUWRV�LQLFLDUi�XPD�UHVSRVWD� 1HXU{QLRV�VmR�HOHWULFDPHQWH�H[FLWiYHLV�� 7RGD� YH]�TXH�XP�UHFHSWRU�VH�DEUH�H� SDUWtFXODV� SRVLWLYDPHQWH�FDUUHJDGDV�HQWUDP�QR�QHXU{QLR�� HVWH�WRUQD�VH�XP�SRXFR�PDLV�H[FLWDGR�� &RQIRUPH�PDLV� UHFHSWRUHV�IRUHP�DEHUWRV��H� SRUWDQWR��D� H[FLWDomR�GR�QHXU{QLR�DWLQJLU�XP� QtYHO�FUtWLFR��XPD�UiSLGD�RQGD�GH�FRUUHQWH� HOpWULFD�SHUFRUUHUi�WRGR�R� FRPSULPHQWR�GR� QHXU{QLR�� ,VWR�p� FKDPDGR� SLFR �� LPSXOVR ��RX� PDLV�WHFQLFDPHQWH�� SRWHQFLDO�GH�DomR �� 2V� SRWHQFLDLV�GH�DomR�VmR�R�PRGR�FRPR�RV�QHUYRV� WUDQVPLWHP�DV�PHQVDJHQV�� XP�SRWHQFLDO�GH� DomR�UHSUHVHQWD�XPD�~QLFD�PHQVDJHP�� 1R� JUiILFR��R� HL[R�KRUL]RQWDO�UHSUHVHQWD�R� WHPSR�H� R� HL[R�YHUWLFDO�R� QtYHO�GH�H[FLWDomR� H�FDUJD�HOpWULFD�RX��SDUD�RV�HOHWULFLVWDV�HQWUH� YRFrV��D� GLIHUHQoD�GH�SRWHQFLDO�RX�D�YROWDJHP� DWUDYpV�GD�PHPEUDQD�GR�QHXU{QLR���1RWH�FRPR� QR�FRPHoR�GR�JUiILFR�R� QtYHO�GH�H[FLWDomR�YDULD�� SULQFLSDOPHQWH�GHYLGR�DR�Q~PHUR�GH�UHFHSWRUHV� TXH�HVWmR�DEHUWRV��1RWH�WDPEpP�R� OLPLDU�FUtWLFR� ��SRQWR�GR�WXGR�RX�QDGD ��QR�TXDO�XP� SRWHQFLDO�GH�DomR� �PHQVDJHP��RFRUUH��4XDQGR�R� QtYHO�UHDO�GH�H[FLWDomR�DWLQJH�XP�QtYHO�SUy[LPR� DR�SRQWR�FUtWLFR�GH�H[FLWDomR��DWp�PHVPR� SHTXHQRV�HYHQWRV�TXH�VRPHQWH�DEUHP�DOJXQV� UHFHSWRUHV�SRGHP�GLVSDUDU�D� PHQVDJHP��1HVWH� FDVR��VH�HVWH�QHXU{QLR�IRU�HVSHFLDOL]DGR�HP� FDUUHJDU�PHQVDJHQV�GH� SHULJR ��EDVWD�DSHQDV� XP�SHTXHQR�HVWtPXOR��WDO�FRPR�XP�PLQ~VFXOR� PRYLPHQWR�RX�XPD�PXGDQoD�GH�WHPSHUDWXUD� SRGH�VHU�VXILFLHQWH�SDUD�ID]HU�FRP�TXH�R�QHXU{QLR� DWLQMD�R� OLPLDU�FUtWLFR��H� LVVR�SRGH�UHVXOWDU�HP� GRU�H�GHSHQGHQGR�p� FODUR�GDV�FRQFOXV}HV�UHDLV� GD�VHQVLELOLGDGH�IHLWDV� SHOR�FpUHEUR��� /HPEUH�VH��TXDQGR�HVWDPRV�IDODQGR�VREUH� UHFHSomR�GH�SHULJR��D� PHQVDJHP�TXH�p� HQYLDGD� DR�ORQJR�GR�QHUYR�DWp�D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO� VRPHQWH�GL]� SHULJR ��(OD�QmR�GL]� GRU ��'H� DOJXPD�IRUPD�� D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�H� R� FpUHEUR� WrP�TXH�UHFHEHU�H� DQDOLVDU�HVWHV�HVWtPXORV�H� FULDUHP�H[SHULrQFLDV�VLJQLILFDWLYDV�TXH�SRGHP� RX�QmR�LQFOXLU�D� GRU�� ,�� Z� ��� �� ....J R� !��R� ���� h � ��� �� !��Z� 327(1&,$/�'(�$d2��$�0(16$*(0�� 2� 32172�'2� 78'2�28�1$'$ � U� $%(5785$�'(�6(1625(6� $%(5785$�'(�0$,6�6(1625(6� TEMPO H[SOLFDQGR� 1Ë9(/�&5Ë7,&2�'(�(;&,7$d2� �� ��� D� GRU� �� ��� $�PHQVDJHP�GH�DODUPH�HQWUD�HP�FRQWDWR� FRP�D�PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO� 4XDQGR�XPD�PHQVDJHP�DWLQJH�D�SDUWH� WHUPLQDO�GR�QHXU{QLR�TXH�HVWi�VLWXDGR�QD� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�H�FRPR�HP�VXDV�FRVWDV�RX� SHVFRoR���VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�VmR�GHVSHMDGDV� QR�HVSDoR�H�VLQDSVH�� IRUPDGR�HQWUH�D� SDUWH� WHUPLQDO�GHVWH�QHXU{QLR�H�TXH�GHVSHMD�DV� VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV��FRP�QHXU{QLRV�GD� YL]LQKDQoD��0XLWRV�QHXU{QLRV�SURYHQLHQWHV�GRV� WHFLGRV�FRUSyUHRV�FRQYHUJHP�VH�HP�XP�SDUD� VXELU�DR�FpUHEUR��&DGD�QHXU{QLR�OLEHUD�XPD� FHUWD�PLVWXUD�GH�VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�QD� VLQDSVH��'R�RXWUR�ODGR�GD�VLQDSVH�H[LVWH�XP� QHXU{QLR�TXH�SRVVXL�UHFHSWRUHV�TXtPLFRV� HVSHFLDOL]DGRV�HP�UHVSRQGHUHP�D� DOJXPDV� VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV��PDV�QmR�D� RXWUDV��'H� IRUPD�VLPSOLILFDGD��VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV� UHGRQGDV�HQFDL[DP�VH�HP�UHFHSWRUHV�UHGRQGRV �� VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�TXDGUDGDV��HP�VHQVRUHV� TXDGUDGRV��HWF��HWF�� 6H� HOHV�HQFDL[DP�VH��R� UHFHSWRU�p� DEHUWR��(VWH�SULQFtSLR�FKDPD�VH�� SULQFtSLR�GD� IHFKDGXUD�H�FKDYH �� &RP�HVWH� FRQKHFLPHQWR�YRFr�DFDERX�GH�FRPSOHWDU�R� VHJXQGR�DQR�GH�ILVLRORJLD�GD�XQLYHUVLGDGH�� 48Ë0,&26�,1,%,7Ï5,26� �+250Ð1,26�'$�)(/,&,'$'(�� DO CÉREBRO PARA O CÉREBRO 6(1625(6� 8Ë0,&26�(;&,7$7Ï5,2�� MENSAGENS DOS TECIDOS $OJXQV�GHVWHV�UHFHSWRUHV�GR�QHXU{QLR�YL]LQKR�DJHP�HP�IXQomR� GDV�PHQVDJHQV�GLiULDV�GH� SHULJR�� DOJXQV�VmR� UHFHSWRUHV� HVSHFLDLV�GH�PHPyULD��RXWURV�VmR� UHFHSWRUHV�GH� UHIRUoR�H� HP� RXWURV�D� DWLYLGDGH�LQWHUQD�SRGH�VHU�UHIRUoDGD�SHOD�DWLYDomR�GR� VLVWHPD�LPXQROyJLFR��4XDQGR�R� VHX�FRUSR�LQWHLUR�HVWi�VRE� DPHDoD��SRU�H[HPSOR��TXDQGR�YRFr�SHJD�XPD�JULSH�� VHQVLELOLGDGH�HOHYDGD�p� XPD�FDUDFWHUtVWLFD�FRPXP�� 8PD�PHQVDJHP�GH�SHULJR�LUi�GHVSHMDU�VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV� SDUWLFXODUHV� �GLJDPRV�DV�UHGRQGDV��QD�VLQDSVH��2V� TXtPLFRV� UHGRQGRV�VmR�D� FKDYH�SDUD�GHVWUDQFDU�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�UHGRQGRV� GH�XP�VHJXQGR�QHXU{QLR��4XDQGR�R� QtYHO�GH�H[FLWDomR�GR� VHJXQGR�QHXU{QLR�DWLQJH�R� QtYHO�FUtWLFR�� %$0�� � XP�SRWHQFLDO� GH�DomR�� R� VHJXQGR�QHXU{QLR�HQYLD�XPD�PHQVDJHP�DWp�R� FpUHEUR��(VWD�PHQVDJHP�GL]� 3HULJR� ��(VWD�p� D� UD]mR�SHOD�TXDO� HVWHV�QHXU{QLRV�VHFXQGiULRV�VmR�FKDPDGRV�GH� 1RFLFHSWRUHV� GH�6HJXQGD�2UGHP ��1yV�RV�FKDPDUHPRV�GH�1HXU{QLRV� 0HQVDJHLURV�GH�3HULJR�� $�VLQDSVH�p�XP�LPSRUWDQWH�GHSDUWDPHQWR�GH�GLVWULEXLomR�� GH� FHUWD�IRUPD�HOD�p� SDUHFLGD�FRP�XPD�DJrQFLD�GH�FRUUHLR��$V� HQWUDGDV�H� HQWUHJDV�GH�XP�FRUUHLR�HVWmR�FRQVWDQWHPHQWH� PXGDQGR ��6H� H[LVWH�XPD�IHVWD�QR�FRUUHLR�H� WRGRV�HVWmR�VH� GLYHUWLQGR��TXDOTXHU�WLSR�GH�PHQVDJHP�SRGH�SDVVDU��1R� HQWDQWR��HVWH�p� DSHQDV�XP�FRUUHLR�UHJLRQDO�H��DWp�FHUWR�JUDX�� H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� VXD�DWLYLGDGH�p� FRQWURODGD�SHOR�FRUUHLR�FHQWUDO��R�FpUHEUR���1D� YHUGDGH �R� FRUUHLR�FHQWUDO�H�R� FpUHEUR��SRGH�DWp�PHVPR�IHFKDU� R� FRUUHLR� UHJLRQDO��PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO���SRU�PHLR�GH�XP� SRGHURVR�VLVWHPD�LQWHUQR�GH�FRQWUROH�GH�PHQVDJHP�SHULJR�� &RPR�LVWR�p� IHLWR"�([LVWH�XP�FDPLQKR�GHVFHQGHQWH�GR�FpUHEUR� SURMHWDGR�SDUD�HQFRQWUDU�TXDLVTXHU�LPSXOVRV�DVFHQGHQWHV�� 1mR�WHQKD�QHQKXPD�G~YLGD�HP�UHODomR�DR�SRGHU�GHVWH� FDPLQKR��WmR�IRUWHPHQWH�PRVWUDGR�QDV�KLVWyULDV�LQFUtYHLV�GH� GRU�� 'H� IDWR�� HOH�p� DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH����YH]HV�PDLV�SRGHURVR� GR�TXH�TXDOTXHU�GURJD�TXH�YRFr�SRVVD�LQMHWDU�RX�LQJHULU�� (OH� SHUPLWH�TXH�RFRUUD�XPD�LQXQGDomR�GH�VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV� �KRUP{QLRV�GD�IHOLFLGDGH��� FRPR�RV�RSLyLGHV�H� D� VHURWRQLQD��DV� TXDLV�VmR�GLIHUHQWHV�HP�WDPDQKR�H��SRUWDQWR��DWLYDP� GLIHUHQWHV�UHFHSWRUHV��(VWHV�UHFHSWRUHV� ID]HP�FRP�TXH�DV� SDUWtFXODV�FDUUHJDGDV�SRVLWLYDPHQWH�GHL�[�HP�R� QHXU{QLR�� ID]HQGR�FRP�TXH�HVWH�ILTXH�PHQRV�H[FLWDGR�R�TXH�SRU�VXD� YH]��ID]� FRP�TXH�HVWH�PHVPR�QHXU{QLR�ILTXH�PHQRV�SURSHQVR�D� HQYLDU�XPD�PHQVDJHP�GH�SHULJR��5HVXPLQGR��RV�HVWtPXORV� GHVFHQGHQWHV� UHVIULDP �RV�VLQDLV�GH�DODUPH�� 6LP��FRP�HVWH�VLVWHPD�SRGH�VH�JDQKDU�D� ILQDO�GH�XP� FDPSHRQDWR��RV�MRJRV�PXQGLDLV�RX�FR]LQKDU�SDUD�YLQWH�SHVVRDV� DSHVDU�GH�HVWDU�FDUUHJDQGR�DOJXPDV�OHV}HV�� D� GRU� �� ��� $�PHQVDJHP�p�SURFHVVDGD�HP�WRGDV�DV� SDUWHV�GR�FpUHEUR� 0XLWDV�RXWUDV�VmR�SURFHVVDGDV�VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH� h� QHUYR�PHQVDJHLUR�GH�SHULJR�WUDQVPLWH�D� PHQVDJHP�GH� SHULJR�SDUD�FLPD��DWp�D�PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO��H� GHSRLV�SDUD�R� FpUHEUR��(VWD�PHQVDJHP�GH�SHULJR�FKHJD�MXQWDPHQWH�FRP� YiULDV�RXWUDV�PHQVDJHQV�H� WRGDV�HODV�VmR�SURFHVVDGDV�SHOR� FpUHEUR��2�GHVDILR�SDUD�R� FpUHEUR�p� FRQVWUXLU�XPD� KLVWyULD�R�PDLV�VHQVDWD�SRVVtYHO��EDVHDGD�HP�WRGDV�DV� LQIRUPDo}HV�TXH�HVWmR�FKHJDQGR�VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH�� 2�FpUHEUR� DYDOLD�R�PXQGR �H� UHVSRQGH�ID]HQGR�PXLWDV� FRLVDV��XPD�GDV�TXDLV��WH�GDU�D� SHUFHSomR�GR�TXH�HVWi� DFRQWHFHQGR��8PD�PDQHLUD�GH�SHQVDU�VREUH�D� GRU�p� TXH�HOD� ID]� SDUWH�GD�UHVSRVWD�GR�FpUHEUR�HP�UHODomR�j� LQIRUPDomR� TXH�HVWi�FKHJDQGR�� 1RV�~OWLPRV�GH]�DQRV��D� WHFQRORJLD�SHUPLWLX�DRV�FLHQWLVWDV� WLUDUHP�IRWRJUDILDV�GR�TXH�DFRQWHFH�QR�FpUHEUR�HQTXDQWR� VHUHV�KXPDQRV�YLYHQFLDP�FRLVDV��FRPR�D� GRU�����R�� $SUHQGHPRV�PDLV�VREUH�D� ILVLRORJLD�GD�GRU�QRV�~OWLPRV�GH]� DQRV�GR�TXH�GXUDQWH�RV�PLOKDUHV�GH�DQRV�SUHFHGHQWHV�� 8PD�GDV�FRLVDV�PDLV�LPSRUWDQWHV�TXH�DSUHQGHPRV�p� TXH�QD� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�PXLWDV�UHJL}HV�GR�FpUHEUR�HVWmR� VLPXOWDQHDPHQWH�HQYROYLGDV��(PERUD�SDGU}HV�FRQVLVWHQWHV� SRVVDP�VHU�YLVWRV�GXUDQWH�DV�H[SHULrQFLDV�GH�GRU��DV�UHJL}HV� H[DWDV�H� D� TXDQWLGDGH�GH�DWLYLGDGH�YDULDP�GH�SHVVRD�SDUD� SHVVRD��YDULDP�DWp�PHVPR�HQWUH�GLIHUHQWHV�REVHUYDo}HV�QD� PHVPD�SHVVRD��7RGD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�p�~QLFD�� 1mR�H[LVWH�DSHQDV�XP�FHQWUR�GH�GRU�QR�FpUHEUR�DV� SHVVRDV�FRVWXPDYDP�SHQVDU��([LVWHP�PXLWRV�FHQWURV�� &KDPDPRV�HVWDV�iUHDV�GH� SRQWRV�GH�LJQLomR �� (VWDV�UHJL}HV�FHUHEUDLV�LQFOXHP�JUXSRV�GH�QyGXORV�XVDGRV� SDUD�VHQVDomR��PRYLPHQWR��HPRo}HV�H�PHPyULD��$�GRU� VLPSOHVPHQWH�XWLOL]D�HVWDV�SDUWHV�SDUD�VH�H[SUHVVDU��1D�GRU� FU{QLFD��DOJXPDV�GHVWDV�iUHDV�VmR�UHIpQV�RX�PHVPR� HVFUDYL]DGDV�SHOD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU��e�FRPR�VH�IRVVH�XP� YtFLR�HP�GRU�� 1D�ILJXUD�DR�ODGR��LGHQWLILFDPRV�DV�SDUWHV�GR�FpUHEUR�TXH� QRUPDOPHQWH�VmR�DWLYDV� � UHFHEHUDP�LJQLomR ��GXUDQWH�D� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU��7RGDV�HVWDV�SDUWHV�OLJDP�VH�XPDV�jV� RXWUDV�HOpWULFD�H� TXLPLFDPHQWH��(VWD�ILJXUD�p� GH�FHUWD�IRUPD� SDUHFLGD�FRP�DV�ILJXUDV� QDV�FRQWUD�FDSDV�GH�UHYLVWDV�GH�DYLmR� TXH�PRVWUDP�WRGDV�DV� URWDV�GR� SDtV��2�SDGUmR�GH�DWLYLGDGH� HVSHFtILFR�TXH�FULD�D� SHUFHSomR�GH�GRU�SRGH�VHU�FRQVLGHUDGR� XPD� WUDPD�WHLD�QHXUDO �GD�GRU�� 1yV�UHFRQKHFHPRV�D� RULJHP� GR�WHUPR� WUDPD�QHXUDO �GD�PDWUL]�QHXUDO�GH�0HO]DFN�� �� $JRUD�WHPRV�TXH�UHFRQKHFHU�TXH�D� PHQVDJHP�GH� SHULJR�YLQGD�GRV� WHFLGRV�YLD�PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�p� DSHQDV�XP�GRV�HVWtPXORV�DIHUHQWHV� DR�FpUHEUR��(PERUD�HVWD�PHQVDJHP� GHVHPSHQKH�XPD�SDUWH�LPSRUWDQWH� QR�SURFHVVDPHQWR�GR�FpUHEUR�� HVSHFLDOPHQWH�QD�GRU�DJXGD��SRU�VL� Vy�HOD�QmR�p� VXILFLHQWH�SDUD�FDXVDU� GRU��/HPEUH�VH�GD�KLVWyULD�GD�GRU� QR�PHPEUR�IDQWDVPD��YHMD�D� SiJLQD� �����$�SDUWH�FRUSRUDO�UHDO�QmR� H[LVWH�PDLV��PHVPR�DVVLP�R� SDFLHQWH�UHODWD�VHQWLU�GRU�� 3RU�PDLV� TXH�XP�PHPEUR�FRUSyUHR�UHDO�QmR� H[LVWD�PDLV��RV�HVWXGRV�GH�LPDJHP� FHUHEUDO�PRVWUDP�DWLYLGDGH�HP� WRGDV�DV�iUHDV�FHUHEUDLV��LQFOXLQGR� R�PHPEUR�YLUWXDO�� UM POSSÍVEL EXEMPLO DE TRAMA/TEIA NEURAL DA DOR ��� &Ï57(;�35e�02725��02725� organiza H� prepara RV� PRYLPHQWRV� ��� &Ï57(;�&,1*8/$'2� FRQFHQWUDomR�� IRFR� ��� &Ï57(;�35e�)5217$/� resolução de problemas , memória ��� $0Ë'$/$� medo, condicionamento do medo , vício ��� &Ï57(;�6(1625,$/� discriminação sensorial ��� +,327È/$02��7È/$02� respostas ao HVWUHVVH �� regulação autonómica, motivação ��� &(5(%(/2� PRYLPHQWR� H� cognição ��� +,32&$032� memória, cognição espacial condicio namento do medo ��� 0('8/$�(63,1+$/� portão da periferia H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� D� GRU� �� ��� 8PD�RUTXHVWUD�QR�FpUHEUR� 8PD�GDV�PDQHLUDV�SHODV�TXDLV�QyV�SRGHPRV� UHIOHWLU�VREUH�FRPR�R� FpUHEUR�IXQFLRQD��R� TXH� LQFOXL�D� IRUPD�FRPR�HOH�SURGX]�GRU��p� FRPSDUi�OR� D� XPD�RUTXHVWUD��8PD�RUTXHVWUD�KDELOLGRVD�SRGH� WRFDU�PLOKDUHV�GH�PHORGLDV��SRGH�WRFDU�DV�PHVPDV� PHORGLDV�HP�GLIHUHQWHV�WHPSRV��GLIHUHQWHV�FODYHV�� FRP�GLIHUHQWHV�rQIDVHV�H� FRP�GLIHUHQWHV� LQVWUXPHQWRV��WHQGR�GLIHUHQWHV�SDSpLV��1RYDV�PHORGLDV�SRGHP�VHU�FULDGDV��YHOKDV�PHORGLDV� UHDSUHVHQWDGDV��YDULDo}HV�PHOKRUDGDV�� GHSHQGHQGR�GR�S~EOLFR��3RGH�VH�SHQVDU�TXH�D� GRU� p� FRPR�XPD�PHORGLD�WRFDGD�SRU�HVWD�RUTXHVWUD�� 8PD�ERD�RUTXHVWUD�SRGH�WRFDU�TXDOTXHU�PHORGLD�H� SRGH�IDFLOPHQWH�DSUHQGHU�PDLV�PHORGLDV��1R� HQWDQWR��VH�HVWD�RUTXHVWUD�WRFD�D� PHVPD�PHORGLD� FRQWLQXDPHQWH��HVWD�VH�WRUQD�DXWRPiWLFD��H� D� RUTXHVWUD�DFDED�WRFDQGR�GH�PHPyULD��WRUQDQGR� FDGD�YH]�PDLV�GLItFLO�WRFDU�TXDOTXHU�RXWUD�FRLVD��$� FXULRVLGDGH�H� FULDWLYLGDGH�GHVDSDUHFHP��2�S~EOLFR� ILFD�HVFDVVR����� 3RUpP��HVWD�RUTXHVWUD�FDXVD�LQVSLUDomR ��1D� UHDOLGDGH��HOD�p�XP�SHGDoR�DPDUHOR�GH�QHXU{QLRV�� FRP�D� FRQVLVWrQFLD�GH�XP�RYR�PDO�FR]LGR�� (OD� FRQWpP�SRU�YROWD�GH�FHP�ELOK}HV�GH�QHXU{QLRV�� FDGD�TXDO�SRGHQGR�ID]HU�FHQWHQDV�GH�FRQH[}HV�� ([LVWHP�PDLV�FRQH[}HV�SRVVtYHLV�QR�FpUHEUR�GR� TXH�SDUWtFXODV�H[LVWHQWHV�QR�XQLYHUVR��2V� QHXU{QLRV�VmR�WmR�HQWXVLDVPDGRV�HP�FULDUHP� FRQH[}HV�TXH�XP�~QLFR�QHXU{QLR�FRORFDGR�HP� XPD�EDFLD�FRP�iJXD�VDOJDGD�LUi�VH�UHWRUFHU�HP�DWp� ����GR�VHX�FRPSULPHQWR�j� SURFXUD�GH�RXWUR� QHXU{QLR�� �� %HErV�ID]HP�PLOK}HV�GH�VLQDSVHV�SRU� VHJXQGR���� PLOK}HV�GH�VLQDSVHV�FDEHP�QD�FDEHoD� GH�XP�DOILQHWH��ā��� �� 9RFr�� OHLWRU��SRVVXL�XP�FpUHEUR� GLQkPLFR�H� FRQVWDQWHPHQWH�HP�PXWDomR��PLOK}HV� GH� VLQDSVHV�OLJDP�VH�H� GHVOLJDP�VH�D� WRGR�VHJXQGR�� 9RFr� SRGHULD�GRDU��������VLQDSVHV�SDUD�WRGR� KRPHP��PXOKHU�H� FULDQoD�GR�SODQHWD�H� DLQGD� IXQFLRQDU�GH�IRUPD�UD]RiYHO�� -� -� D� GRU� �� ��� 6LVWHPDV�SDUD�OKH�DMXGDU�D� VH�OLYUDU� GRV�SUREOHPDV� 8PD�PHORGLD�WHUi�VHPSUH�DOJXP�HIHLWR� $V�PHQVDJHQV�TXH�HVWmR�GHQWUR�GR�FpUHEUR�QmR� WHUPLQDP�QHOH�PHVPR��(P�XP�VLVWHPD�GLQkPLFR� YLYR��R� TXH�HQWUD�GHYH�VDLU�GH�DOJXPD�IRUPD�� &RPR� SDUWH�GD�DYDOLDomR�GR�PXQGR�IHLWD�SHOR�FpUHEUR�� HOH�IRUPD�XPD�LPSRUWDQWH�RSLQLmR�GRV�HVWtPXORV� H� UHVSRVWDV�� 4XDQGR�YRFr�HVWi�FRP�IULR�� H[LVWHP� PXLWDV�IRUPDV�FRPR�R� VHX�FpUHEUR�H� FRUSR�SRGHP� UHVSRQGHU��4XDQGR�YRFr�HVWi�HP�SHULJR��R� FpUHEUR� SHGH�DRV�VHXV�YiULRV�VLVWHPDV�SDUD�TXH�HVWHV� OLYUHP�YRFr�GR�SHULJR��(VWHV�PHVPRV�VLVWHPDV� WUDEDOKDP�R� WHPSR�WRGR��2V� H[HPSORV�PDLV�yEYLRV� VmR�� R� VLVWHPD�PXVFXODU��TXH�WH�SHUPLWH�FRUUHU�� SDUDOLVDU�XPD�SDUWH�OHVLRQDGD��HVFRQGHU�RX�OXWDU�� H� R� VLVWHPD�VLPSiWLFR��TXH�FRQWUROD�R� VXRU�H� D� GLVWULEXLomR�GH� VDQJXH��2XWURV�VLVWHPDV��FRPR�RV� VLVWHPDV�LPXQROyJLFR�H� HQGyFULQR��WUDEDOKDP� VLOHQFLRVDPHQWH��PDV�GH�IRUPD�VHQVDWD��-XQWRV�� WRGRV�HVWHV�VLVWHPDV�DMXGDP�D� FULDU�XPD� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU��XPD�H[SHULrQFLD�PRWRUD�RX� XPD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�HVWUHVVH��7RGRV�HVWHV�VLVWHPDV� SRGHP�WH�DMXGDU�D� VH�OLYUDU�GR�SUREOHPD�� (P�XPD�VLWXDomR�DPHDoDGRUD��HVSHFLDOPHQWH� GXUDQWH�D� GRU��HVWHV�VLVWHPDV�UHDOPHQWH�WUDEDOKDP� SHVDGR�SRU�YRFr�� (OHV�GmR�R� VHX�Pi[LPR�SRU� FXUWRV�SHUtRGRV�GH�WHPSR��'XUDQWH�D� GRU��D� DWLYLGDGH�GHVWHV�VLVWHPDV�p� FRPR�R� FRUUHGRU�TXH� UHDOL]D�XP�DOWR�QtYHO�GH�DWLYLGDGH�SRU�XP�FXUWR� SHUtRGR�GH�WHPSR��1R�HQWDQWR��VH�YRFr�HVWi�FRP� GRU�SRU�XP�ORQJR�SHUtRGR�GH�WHPSR ��D� DWLYLGDGH� GHVWHV�VLVWHPDV�FRPHoD�D� FDXVDU�RXWURV�SUREOHPDV� � QmR�VH�SRGH�HVSHUDU�TXH�HOHV�VHMDP�FRPR�R� FRUUHGRU�GH�XPD�PDUDWRQD��1D�VHomR��� GLVFXWLUHPRV�DV�FRQVHTrQFLDV�GD�DWLYDomR�SRU� ORQJRV�SHUtRGRV�GHVWHV�VLVWHPDV�GH�SURWHomR�� SISTEMA NERVOSO SIMPÁTICO aumenta a freqü ência cardíaca , mobiliza as energias armazenadas , aumenta a vigilância H� o suo r SISTEMA MOTOR fuga , luta H� prote ção da s iUHD V� le sionada s SISTEMA ENDÓCRINO mobiliza as energia s armazenada s, reduz a atividade inte stinal H� reprodutiva SISTEMA DE PRODUÇÃO DA DOR motiva a escapar H� procurar ajuda, atrai a atenção SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO mais tarde : combate invasores, sensibili za neurônios, produz febre , faz dar sono para promover a FXUD� SISTEMA PARASSIMPÁTICO mais tarde: nutre as células, cura os tecidos H[SOLFDQGR� 2 ��� �� 5HFDSLWXODQGR� � 5HFHSWRUHV�GH�SHULJR�HVWmR�HVSDOKDGRV�SHOR� FRUSR�LQWHLUR�� � 4XDQGR�R�QtYHO�GH�H[FLWDomR�GH�XP�QHXU{QLR� DWLQJH�R�QtYHO�FUtWLFR�XPD�PHQVDJHP�é HQYLDGD� SDUD�D�PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�� � 4XDQGR�XPD�PHQVDJHP�GH�SHULJR�DWLQJH�D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO��HVWD�FDXVD�D� OLEHUDomR�GH� VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�H[FLWDWyULDV�QD�VLQDSVH�� � 2V�UHFHSWRUHV�GRV�QHXU{QLRV�PHQVDJHLURV�GH� SHULJR�VmR�DWLYDGRV�SRU�HVWDV�VXEVWkQFLDV� TXtPLFDV�H[FLWDWyULDV�H�� TXDQGR�R�QtYHO�GH� H[FLWDomR�GR�QHXU{QLR�PHQVDJHLUR�GH�SHULJR� DWLQJH�R�QtYHO�FUtWLFR��XPD�PHQVDJHP�GH�SHULJR� é HQYLDGD�SDUD�R� FpUHEUR�� � $�PHQVDJHP�é SURFHVVDGD�HP�WRGR�R� FpUHEUR�H�� VH�R� FpUHEUR�FRQFOXLU�TXH�YRFr�HVWi�HP�SHULJR�e SUHFLVD�WRPDU�XPD�DWLWXGH��HOH�SURGX]LUi�GRU�� � 2�FpUHEUR�DWLYD�YiULRV�VLVWHPDV�TXH�WUDEDOKDP� MXQWRV�SDUD�WH�OLYUDU�GR�SHULJR�� D���� R� R� Z� R� ���-� Z� !��B� ]� � 020(172�'$�/(62� ? &DWU L ]Ro}R�H� �� H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� 7(032� '(� &,&$75,=$d2� �',$6� ,� 6(0$1$6�� D� GRU� �� ��� $FLGH]�H� LQIODPDomR�QRV�WHFLGRV� $&,'(=�126�7(&,'26� 2�VLVWHPD�GH�DODUPH�WUDEDOKD�R� WHPSR�WRGR��)UHTHQWHPHQWH� HVWH�VLVWHPD�ID]� VLPSOHV�FKDPDGDV�SHGLQGR�PXGDQoDV�FRPR� SRU�H[HPSOR��TXDQGR�YRFr�ILFD�VHP�VH�PRYLPHQWDU�SRU�DOJXP� WHPSR�RX�TXDQGR�HVWi�VHQWDGR�QXPD�SHGUD��D� TXDO�FULD� SUHVVmR�HP�VXDV�QiGHJDV�� 2�PRYLPHQWR�p� LPSRUWDQWH�SDUD� PDQWHU�R� VHX�VLVWHPD�DWLYR��$�IDOWD�GH�PRYLPHQWR�RX�XPD� REVWUXomR�ItVLFD��FRPR�VH�VHQWDU�QXPD�SHGUD�� OHYD�D� XP� DF~PXOR�GH�IOXLGRV� QRV�P~VFXORV�H� DUWLFXODo}HV��DOpP�GR� DF~PXOR�GH�VXE�SURGXWRV�GD�DWLYLGDGH�FHOXODU�� LQFOXLQGR�D� DFLGH]��9HMD�R� 6U�� 6RDUHV��DJRUD�GH�SLMDPD�DSyV�XP�ORQJR�GLD�� (OH�WUDEDOKRX�HP�IUHQWH�DR�FRPSXWDGRU�SRU�ORQJDV�KRUDV�� 1HVWH�H[HPSOR��R� DF~PXOR�GH�VXEVWkQFLDV�iFLGDV�QRV� P~VFXORV�H� HP�RXWURV�WHFLGRV�PROHV�ID]�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�GH� iFLGR�DEULUHP�VH��R�TXH�UHVXOWD�HP�LPSXOVRV�TXH�VREHP�DWp�D� PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�H ��SRVVLYHOPHQWH�DR�FpUHEUR��6H�R� VHX�FpUHEUR� FRQFOXLU�TXH�RV�VHXV�P~VFXORV�HVWmR�HP�SHULJR��R�TXH�SDUHFH� OyJLFR� ��H ��SRUWDQWR��YRFr�GHYHULD�WRPDU�XPD�SURYLGrQFLD��R� TXH�WDPEpP�SDUHFH�OyJLFR���HQWmR�LUi�GRHU��$� VROXomR"� 0RYLPHQWH�VH ��$SHQDV�VH�PRYLPHQWH��4XDOTXHU�WLSR�GH� PRYLPHQWR��0RYLPHQWRV�DOHDWyULRV�VmR�RV�PHOKRUHV�� 1D�YHUGDGH��D� LGpLD�GH� WHFLGRV�iFLGRV �GHYHULD�ID]HU�FRP�TXH� QRV�OHYDQWiVVHPRV�H� QRV�PRYLPHQWiVVHPRV��(VWH�p� XP� WUDWDPHQWR�EDUDWR�� QHQKXP�UHPpGLR�RX�WHUDSLDV�VRILVWLFDGDV� VmR�QHFHVViULRV�� ,1)/$0$d2�126�7(&,'26� 4XDOTXHU�FRLVD�FRP� �LWH �QR�ILQDO�VH�UHIHUH�j� LQIODPDomR�� DPLJGDOLWH�� LQIODPDomR�GDV�DPtJGDODV��WHQGLQLWH�� LQIODPDomR� GH�XP�WHQGmR��$� LQIODPDomR�p� SURMHWDGD�SDUD�ID]HU�GRHU�� H� LVVR�UHDOPHQWH�DFRQWHFH�� /HPEUH�VH�GD�~OWLPD�YH]�TXH�YRFr� WRUFHX�R� VHX�WRUQR]HOR��RX�GD�~OWLPD�GRU�GH�GHQWH�RX�GH�XPD� DSHQGLFLWH��$� LQIODPDomR�p�XPD�IRUPD�SULPLWLYD�GH�GHIHVD�H� p� HVVHQFLDO�SDUD�R� SURFHVVR�GH�UHSDUR�WHFLGXDO�� 3HQVH�QR� LQFKDoR�HGHPD��QD�YHUPHOKLGmR�H� QD�GRU�DSyV�XPD�OHVmR� FRPR�SDUWH�GH�VHX�SUySULR�VLVWHPD�LQWHUQR�GH�UHSDUR�H� VHMD� JUDWR�SRU�HOH�� H[SOLFDQGR� 81+$� �� ��� ('(0$� (1=,0$6�'(�/,03(=$� 9$62�6$1*hË1(2� )$*Ï&,726� � 0$&5Ï)$*26� $TXL�HVWi�XPD�YLVmR�PLQXFLRVD�GH�XPD�XQKD�HQFUDYDGD�QR� GHGR�GR� Sp ��0XLWDV�FRLVDV�HVWmR�DFRQWHFHQGR�H� WRGDV�HODV�ID]HP� SDUWH�GR�SURFHVVR�GH�UHSDUR��9DVRV�VDQJtQHRV�SRGHP�VHU� GDQLILFDGRV�H� SHTXHQDV�WHUPLQDo}HV�QHUYRVDV�HVWLUDGDV�� 3HTXHQDV�FpOXODV�TXH�QRUPDOPHQWH�ILFDP�HVSHUDQGR�SRU� SUREOHPDV�OLEHUDP�KLVWDPLQD��TXH�ID]� FRP�TXH�RV�YDVRV� VDQJtQHRV�OLEHUHP�SODVPD��TXH�SRU�VXD�YH]�FDXVD�PDLV�HGHPD�� (VWH�SURFHVVR�OLEHUD�FpOXODV�VDQJtQHDV�EUDQFDV�H� GLVWULEXL�DV� FpOXODV�TXH� OLPSDP �R� OL[R�HVSDOKDGR�H� OLPSDP �D� EDJXQoD�QD� iUHD�H�� VH�D� SHOH�IRL� URPSLGD��OLGDP�FUXHOPHQWH�FRP�TXDOTXHU� EDFWpULD�SUHVHQWH�QR�ORFDO��(VWDV�FpOXODV�VmR�FKDPDGDV�IDJyFLWRV� H�PDFUyIDJRV��$V�FpOXODV�TXH�DMXGDP�D� IRUPDU�XPD�FDVFD�H� FULDUHP�XP�WHFLGR�FLFDWULFLDO�WDPEpP�VmR�DWLYDGDV��1HUYRV� GDQLILFDGRV�WDPEpP�SRGHP�OLEHUDU�VXEVWkQFLDV�TXtPLFDV�TXH�DMXGDP�QR�SURFHVVR��YHMD�D� SiJLQD�����(VWH�HGHPD�p� FKDPDGR� VRSD�LQIODPDWyULD ��(VWD�VRSD�LQIODPDWyULD�DWLYD�GLUHWDPHQWH� RV�VLQRV�GH�DODUPH�H� R� UHVXOWDQWH�DXPHQWR�GD�VHQVLELOLGDGH�p� )È6&,$� 1(5926� SURMHWDGR�SDUD�SURWHJHU�R� WHFLGR�OHVDGR�� $� LQIODPDomR�ID]� FRP�TXH�DV�DUWLFXODo}HV�ILTXHP�UtJLGDV�FHGR� SHOD�PDQKm��SURGX]�GRUHV�HP�SRQWDGD��YHUPHOKLGmR�H� FDORU�� )UHTHQWHPHQWH��GURJDV�DQWL�LQIODPDWyULDV�FRPR�R� LEXSURIHQ�� QDSUR[HQR��DVSLULQD�H� SDUDFHWDPRO�UHGX]HP�RV�HIHLWRV�GD� LQIODPDomR�� LQFOXLQGR�D� GRU��2V� DQWL�LQIODPDWyULRV� SURYDYHOPHQWH�IXQFLRQDP�SRU�FHVVDUHP�D� SURGXomR�GH� SURVWDJODQGLQDV�� �� TXH�VmR�RV�TXtPLFRV�VHQVLELOL]DQWHV�FKDYH�QD� LQIODPDomR��2�HGHPD��TXH�p� D� SDUWH�PDLV�yEYLD�GD�LQIODPDomR�H� TXH�SUHRFXSD�WDQWDV�SHVVRDV��p� DSHQDV�XP�VXE�SURGXWR�GD� QHFHVVLGDGH�GH�VH�ID]HU�FKHJDU�DWp�D� iUHD�VDQJXH�H� VXEVWkQFLDV� TXtPLFDV�TXH�FXUDP�� 1RWH�TXH�HVWDPRV�IDODQGR�GD�LQIODPDomR�DJXGD��$� LQIODPDomR� FU{QLFD�p� XPD�SDUWH�GH�FHUWRV�HVWDGRV�GH�GRHQoD��FRPR�D� DUWULWH�UHXPDWyLGH��H� SRGH�WHU�HIHLWRV�GLIHUHQWHV�H�YDULDGRV�� D� GRU� �� ��� ,QIODPDomR�� 2�FpUHEUR�LQWHUHVVD�VH�LPHGLDWDPHQWH� A LQIODPDomR�DFRPSDQKD�WRGD�OHVmR�WHFLGXDO�H� R� FpUHEUR� TXDVH�VHPSUH�VH� LQWHUHVVD�� ,VVR�QmR�VRPHQWH�RFRUUH�QDV� XQKDV�GR� Sp��PDV�WDPEpP�QRV�HVWLUDPHQWRV��HQWRUVHV�H� HP� WRGRV�RV�WLSRV�GH� OHV}HV��2V� KXPDQRV�Vm�R� FDSD]HV�GH�FDXVDU� XPD�YDULHGDGH�GH�LQGLUHWDV�SDUD�WRUQDU�D� PHQVDJHP�GH� SHULJR�VLJQLILFDWLYRV��$FKDPRV�TXH�p� LPSRUWDQWH�UHOHPEUi�OR� GLVWR��HQTXDQWR�YRFr�SHQVD�HP�WHFLGRV�OHVDGRV�� 3HQVH�QRYDPHQWH�QR�KRPHP�FRP�R� SUHJR�QR�GHGmR�GR� Sp� TXH�YLPRV�QD�SiJLQD��� GHVWH�OLYUR ��3HQVH�VREUH�TXDLV�RXWUDV� LQGLUHWDV�SRGHULDP�VHU�XVDGDV�SHOR�FpUHEUR�GHVWH�KRPHP� SDUD�FRQVWUXLU�D� UHVSRVWD�PDLV�VLJQLILFDWLYD��LQFOXLQGR�D� UHVSRVWD�GH�GRU��D� UHVSRVWD�PRWRUD�H� DV�UHVSRVWDV�VLPSiWLFD�� LPXQROyJLFD�H� HQGyFULQD��$ILQDO��HVWH�KRPHP�SUHFLVD� UHFRUUHU�D� WRGD�SDUWH�GH�LQIRUPDomR�TXH�PHOKRU�LUi�OKH� VHUYLU�QD�EXVFD�GH�SURWHomR�H� SUHVHUYDomR��&KDUOHV�'DUZLQ� DUJXPHQWDULD�TXH�WXGR�LVVR�p�XPD�DMXGD�SDUD�DVVHJXUDU�TXH� QR�PRPHQWR�GH�VXD�PRUWH��YRFr�WHQKD�PDLV�GHVFHQGHQWHV� GR�TXH�D� SUy[LPD�JHUDomR� �� &RP�XP�SUHJR�QR�GHGmR�GR�Sp��R� FpUHEUR�HVWDUi� FRPSXWDQGR�H� UHFXSHUDQGR�LQIRUPDo}HV�VREUH�HYHQWRV� VLPLODUHV�SUpYLRV��WHQWDQGR�GHWHUPLQDU�R�PHOKRU�PRGR�GH� UHVSRQGHU��([LVWLUmR�LQIRUPDo}HV�FRPSXWDGDV�UHODFLRQDGDV� D� XPD�OHVmR�SUpYLD��3UHFLVR�GH�XPD�LQMHomR�DQWL�WHWkQLFD"� 4XDQGR�IRL�PLQKD�~OWLPD�LQMHomR�DQWL�WHWkQLFD"�([LVWLUmR� LQIRUPDo}HV�FRPSXWDGDV�VREUH�DV�FLUFXQVWkQFLDV�LPHGLDWDV�� (X�GHYHULD�UHWLUDU�HVWH�SUHJR�GR�FDPLQKR�FDVR�PDLV�DOJXpP� SLVH�QHOH��4XmR�ULGtFXOR�LUHL�SDUHFHU�GHSRLV"�1mR�WHQKR� WHPSR�SDUD�LVWR�� 2�VDQJXH�HVWi�VXMDQGR"�7DPEpP�H[LVWLUmR� LQIRUPDo}HV�FRPSXWDGDV�UHODFLRQDGDV�DR�IXWXUR��0LQKD� FDUUHLUD�GH�GDQoD�QR�)UHG�$VWDLUH�HVWi�DUUXLQDGD"� 3UHFLVDUHL�GH�PXOHWDV"�3UHFLVDUHL�LU�D� XP�KRVSLWDO"�2FRUUHUi� LQIHFomR"�+DYHUi�LQIRUPDo}HV�FRPSXWDGDV�UHODFLRQDGDV�D� HYHQWRV�VLPLODUHV�j�YLGD�GH�RXWUDV�SHVVRDV��7HUPLQDUHL� FRPR�DTXHOD�PXOKHU�TXH�DSDUHFHX�QD�WHOHYLVmR"�6HUHL� WUDWDGD�SRU�DTXHOH�PpGLFR�QRYR�GR�KRVSLWDO"�2X� LQIRUPDo}HV�FRPSXWDGDV�UHODFLRQDGDV�j� VREUHYLYrQFLD�� SRVVR�WUDEDOKDU"�3UHFLVR�FRPSUDU�QRYRV�VDSDWRV"�3RVVR� FRQVHJXLU�XPD�LQGHQL]DomR�DIDVWDPHQWR"� 2�IDWR� VXUSUHHQGHQWH�p� TXH�HVWH�KRPHP�SRGH�QmR�WHU�LGpLD� DOJXPD�TXH�VHX�FpUHEUR�FRQVLGHURX�TXDOTXHU�XPD�GHVWDV� SRVVLELOLGDGHV��7XGR�R� TXH�R� KRPHP�VDEH�p� TXH�GyL�� ,1',5(7$6�6(1625,$,6�62�-255$'$6�'(1752�'2�&e5(%52� H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� D� GRU� �� ��� $�YHUGDGH�VREUH�RV�P~VFXORV� hV�P~VFXORV�OHYDP�JUDQGH�SDUWH�GD�FXOSD�SHOD� GRU�� 3URSDJDQGDV�GH�SURGXWRV�SDUD�WUDWDU�GRU� PXVFXODU�VmR�DEXQGDQWHV�H� p� IiFLO�SHQVDU�TXH�VH� WHP�XP�P~VFXOR�URPSLGR��0DV�YHMDPRV�VH� SRGHPRV�FRORFDU�D� GRU�PXVFXODU�HP�SHUVSHFWLYD� FRP�HVWHV�VHLV�SRQWRV�FKDYH�� ��� 2V�P~VFXORV�WrP�PXLWRV�UHFHSWRUHV��DVVLP�� IDFLOPHQWH�SRGHP�VHU�XPD�SDUWH�VLJQLILFDWLYD� GH�XPD�H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�� ��� 2V�P~VFXORV�SRGHP�ILFDU�GRHQWLRV�H� IUDFRV �� HVSHFLDOPHQWH�VH�IRUHP�SRXFR�XVDGRV�RX� XVDGRV�GH�PRGR�TXH�QmR�VHMDP�SURMHWDGRV� SDUD�WDO�� ��� 2V�P~VFXORV�VmR��QD�YHUGDGH��EDVWDQWH�GLItFHLV� GH�VHUHP�OHVLRQDGRV��e�FHUWR�TXH�VH�PDFKXFDP� XP�SRXFR�H� SRGHP�RFRUUHU�PLFUR�UXSWXUDV� �SHTXHQDV�OHV}HV�QR�DOLQKDPHQWR�GDV�ILEUDV� PXVFXODUHV���PDV�p�GLItFLO�OHVLRQDU�JUDYHPHQWH� XP�P~VFXOR�� 3RGH�H[LVWLU�XP�DF~PXOR�GH� FRQVWLWXLQWHV�iFLGRV��TXH�IDUi�FRP�TXH�RV�VLQRV� GH�DODUPH�WRTXHP�H��DOJXPDV�YH]HV�� QRYRV� H[HUFtFLRV�SRGHP�HVWDU�DVVRFLDGRV�FRP�LQtFLR� WDUGLR�GH�GRU�QRV�P~VFXORV�� WDOYH]�RLWR�KRUDV� DSyV�D� DWLYLGDGH��(VWD�GRU�SRGH�SHUPDQHFHU� SRU�DOJXQV�GLDV�H� VHU�EDVWDQWH�SUHRFXSDQWH�VH� DV�YtWLPDV�QmR�HQWHQGHUHP�R� SRUTXr�GH�LVVR� DFRQWHFHU��$V�GRUHV�PXVFXODUHV�WDUGLDV� IUHTHQWHPHQWH�RFRUUHP�DSyV�H[HUFtFLR� H[FrQWULFR��QR�TXDO�RV�P~VFXORV�VH�DORQJDP� GXUDQWH�XPD�FRQWUDomR��0DV��QR�JHUDO��RV� P~VFXORV�VmR�EHP�UHFHSWLYRV ��VmR�HVWUXWXUDV� IOH[tYHLV�H� VmR�DVVLP�SDUD�WH�SURWHJHU�H� SHUPLWLU� TXH�YRFr�VH�H[SUHVVH�� ��� 2V�P~VFXORV�WrP�XP�JUDQGH�VXSULPHQWR� VDQJXtQHR��GHVWD�IRUPD��TXDQGR�VmR�OHVLRQDGRV �� VmR�RV�FDPSH}HV�GD�FXUD��$ILQDO��R�PRYLPHQWR� H� D� SURWHomR�VmR�PXLWR�LPSRUWDQWHV�SDUD�D� QRVVD�VREUHYLYrQFLD��6H�Mi�PDFKXFRX�VXD� OtQJXD��VDEH�D� YHORFLGDGH�FRP�TXH�HOD�VH�FXUD�� $� OtQJXD�p�IHLWD�GH�P~VFXOR ��FRPHU�H� IDODU�VmR� DWLYLGDGHV�LPSRUWDQWHV�� ��� $WLYLGDGH�PXVFXODU�DOWHUDGD�ID]� SDUWH�GH�VXD� UHVSRVWD�j� OHVmR�H� j� DPHDoD��0XGDQoDV�QR� FXUWR�SUD]R�GD�DWLYLGDGH�PXVFXODU�VHUYHP�SDUD� SURSyVLWRV�GH�FXUWR�SUD]R�� FRPR�D� IXJD�� R� UHIRUoR�RX�D� HILFLrQFLD�� �� 0DV��D� ORQJR�SUD]R�� SRGHP�H[LVWLU�FXVWRV��'LVFXWLUHPRV�LVVR�QD� SiJLQD��� �� ��� *UDQGH�SDUWH�GD�DWLYLGDGH�PXVFXODU�H[LVWH� SDUD�WH�GDU�VHQWLGR�GHQWUR�GR�PXQGR�H� WDPEpP� SDUD�OLGDU�FRP�HOH�� 'HVWD�IRUPD��RV�P~VFXORV� VmR�MDQHODV�SDUD�R� FpUHEUR��$VVLP��VH�RV�VHXV� P~VFXORV�HVWmR�WUDEDOKDQGR�GH�IRUPD� GLIHUHQWH��YRFr�GHYH�SHUJXQWDU�D� VL�PHVPR�SRU� TXH��2�WRP�GD�YR]�p� GHWHUPLQDGR�SHORV� P~VFXORV�GH�VXD�JDUJDQWD��2�HVSDVPR�p� XP� SRGHURVR�SURFHVVR�PXVFXODU�GH�SURWHomR ��&RPR� WDPEpP�p� R�PDQFDU�H�RXWURV�FRPSRUWDPHQWRV� GH�SURWHomR��e�R� FpUHEUR�TXH�SHUPLWH�D� OLEHUGDGH�H� D� TXDOLGDGH�GH�H[SUHVVmR�PXVFXODU�� 6HP�RV�P~VFXORV ��QmR�VH�SRGH�DQGDU��IDODU�� ULU�� GHLWDU��SLVFDU��FXVSLU��SHLGDU�RX�FKRUDU�� H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� D� GRU� �� ��� &RQKHoD�RV�VHXV�7)9�$V� )RUPDOPHQWH�FRQKHFLGRV�FRPR�GLVFRV� 'LVFR �p� XP�QRPH�LQIHOL]�SDUD�DV�LQFUtYHLV�HVWUXWXUDV� TXH�LQWHUOLJDP�DV�YpUWHEUDV��(OHV�QmR�VmR��HP�TXDOTXHU� HVWiJLR�GD�YLGD��FRPR�GLVFRV��1RV�OLYURV�PpGLFRV�H� GH� DQDWRPLD��QRUPDOPHQWH�VmR�GHVHQKDGRV�GH�XPD�PDQHLUD� TXH�RV�WRUQD�UHFRQKHFtYHLV�FRPR�GLVFRV��PDV�WDLV�GHVHQKRV� QmR�FRUUHVSRQGHP�FRP�D� UHDOLGDGH��1RV�GHVHQKRV��QDV� GLVFXVV}HV�H� QRV�GLDJQyVWLFRV��VmR�IHLWRV� SDUD�VH� DVVHPHOKDUHP�D� GLVFRV�YRDGRUHV�TXH�IOXWXDP�OLYUHPHQWH �� (OHV�QmR�VmR�FRPR�GLVFRV� YRDGRUHV��6XJHULPRV�TXH�HOHV� GHYDP�VHU�FKDPDGRV�GH� WUDQVGXWRUHV�GH�IRUoD�YLYRV� H� DGDSWiYHLV � �7)9$V�� �R�TXH� LQFLGHQWDOPHQWH�VLJQLILFD�TXH�� HQWUH�D� ��YpUWHEUD�ORPEDU�H� D� SHOYH�HVWi�R� ~OWLPR�7)9$ � �� 0Ò6&8/26�(� 2V�7)9$V� HVWmR�ILUPHPHQWH� LQWHJUDGRV�jV�YpUWHEUDV� DGMDFHQWHV�H� VmR�IHLWRV� GR� PHVPR�PDWHULDO�GD�RUHOKD�H� XP�OLJDPHQWR�VXSHU�IRUWH�� (P� ������XP�HVWXGR��� IDPRVR� PRVWURX�TXH�R�7)9$�SRGHULD� LQFKDU�VH�VREUH�XP�QHUYR�GD� /,*$0(1726�'(� 683257(� FROXQD�ORPEDU��'HVGH�HQWiR�WRGRV�RV�WLSRV�GH�WHUDSLDV� WLYHUDP�FRPR�REMHWLYR�R�7)9$��$V�DERUGDJHQV�DWXDLV� LQFOXHP�� WpFQLFDV�PDQXDLV�SDUD�VXD�PDQLSXODomR�H� FRPSUHVVmR�GH�YROWD�DR�VHX�OXJDU�GH�RULJHP��WpFQLFDV� FLU~UJLFDV�SDUD�VXD�UHPRomR�RX�SDUD�FRUWDU�VHXV�SHGDoRV�� LQMHomR�GH�H[WUDWR�GH�SDSDLD�QHOH��H� VXSHU�DTXHFr�OR�RX� TXHLPi�OR��2V� SUDWLFDQWHV�GDV�YiULDV�WpFQLFDV�UHODWDUDP� DOJXQV�VXFHVVRV��PDV�WHUDSLD�DOJXPD�WHYH�JUDQGH�VXFHVVR� SDUD�D� GRU�QD�FROXQD��2�IDWR�GH�TXH�PXLWDV�WpFQLFDV�GLIHUHQWHV�WHQKDP�R� REMHWLYR�GH�DWLQJLU�D�PHVPD�HVWUXWXUD�VXJHUH�TXH�DV� OHV}HV�QRV�7)9$V� QmR�VmR�FRPSOHWDPHQWH�HQWHQGLGDV�� $V� OHV}HV�QRV�7)9$V� WDPEpP�DWUDHP�DOJXQV�DGMHWLYRV� EDVWDQWH�IRUWHV�FRPR� UXSWXUD �� GHVLQWHJUDomR �� GHJHQHUDomR �� KpUQLD �H� GHVOL]DPHQWR ��(VWDV�SDODYUDV�VR]LQKDV�VmR�IRUWHV� R� VXILFLHQWH�SDUD�LPSHGt�OR�GH�VH�PRYLPHQWDU�GH�IRUPD� DSURSULDGD��H� WRGDV�HODV�SRGHP�QmR�WH�GDU�D� LQGLFDomR� YHUGDGHLUD�VREUH�R� TXr�HVWi�DFRQWHFHQGR�QRV�7)9$V �� 2V�7)9$V�WRUQDUDP�VH�WmR�IDPRVRV�H� IRUDP�FXOSDGRV�GH�IRUPD� WiR�LQWHQVD��TXH�DV�SHVVRDV�IUHTHQWHPHQWH� SHQVDP�QHOHV� GH�IRUPD�LVRODGD��$� ILJXUD�DEDL[R�PRVWUD�D� LOXVWUDomR�GH�XP� 7)9$�� 1RWH�TXH�HOH�p� IL[DGR� DRV�RVVRV�DR�VHX�UHGRU��QRWH� WDPEpP�RV�DQpLV�FRQFrQWULFRV�GH�DEVRUomR�GH�FKRTXH�TXH�OKH� GmR�D� DSDUrQFLD�GH�XPD�FHEROD�HVPDJDGD��$V�DUWLFXODo}HV�H�DV� YpUWHEUDV�VmR�HQYROYLGDV�SRU�YiULRV�OLJDPHQWRV�H�P~VFXORV�� )DWRV�UHODFLRQDGRV�DRV�7)9$V� ���$V�FDPDGDV�PDLV�H[WHUQDV�GH�WRGRV�RV�7)9�$V�WrP� VXSULPHQWR�QHUYRVR�� �� DVVLP��UHFHSWRUHV�GH�SHULJR�SRGHP�VHU� DWLYDGRV�VH�HVWDV�FDPDGDV�HVWLYHUHP�HP�SHULJR�� 6H�R�7)9$�IRU� OHVLRQDGR��p� SURYiYHO�TXH�DV�HVWUXWXUDV�DR�UHGRU��LJXDOPHQWH� FKHLDV�GH�UHFHSWRUHV�GH� SHULJR��WDPEpP�VHMDP�DIHWDGDV��1D� YHUGDGH��R� VXSULPHQWR�QHUYRVR�GR�7)9$�QmR�p� WmR�ULFR�TXDQWR� R� VXSULPHQWR�QHUYRVR�GRV�OLJDPHQWRV�H� RVVRV�TXH�HVWmR�DR�VHX� UHGRU��/HPEUH�VH�TXH�HVWDPRV�QD�iUHD�GD�PHGXOD�HVSLQKDO�� DVVLP��p� UD]RiYHO�HQFKHU�RV�WHFLGRV�YL]LQKRV�GH�UHFHSWRUHV�GH� SHULJR� � YRFr�QmR�LQVWDODULD�XP�VLVWHPD�GH�DODUPH�VHQVtYHO� SDUD�SURWHJHU�VXDV�SRVVHV�PDLV�SUHFLRVDV"� ��� 8P�7)9$�OHVLRQDGR�SRGH�QmR�QHFHVVDULDPHQWH�FDXVDU�GRU� LQVWDQWkQHD��8PD� GRU�OHQWD ��WDOYH]��� D� ���KRUDV�DSyV�D� OHVmR�� SRGH�RFRUUHU��FRQIRUPH�R�7)9$�OHQWDPHQWH�VH�LQIODPD�� )UHTHQWHPHQWH��XPD�OHVmR�QR�7)9�$�UHVXOWD�HP�GRU�H� ULJLGH]� QR�GLD�VHJXLQWH�DSyV�D� OHVmR�� ��� 2V�7)9$V� VH�GHJHQHUDP�QDWXUDOPHQWH��$�GHJHQHUDomR�p� XPD�SDUWH�QRUPDO�GR�HQYHOKHFLPHQWR�GH�WRGRV�RV�WHFLGRV ��(OD� QmR�WHP�TXH�FRQWULEXLU�SDUD�D� H[SHULrQFLD�GH�GRU�� 2�7)9$�HVWi� DGHULGR�DRV�RVVRV��YpUWHEUDV��TXH�HVWmR�DR�VHX�UHGRU��H� WRGRV� HOHV�VH�PDQWpP�MXQWRV��HQYHOKHFHP�MXQWRV�H�GDQoDP�MXQWRV� GXUDQWH�D�YLGD�LQWHLUD��3HOR�PHQRV�����GDV�SHVVRDV�TXH�QmR� WrP�ORPEDOJLD�EDL[D�WrP�VDOLrQFLDV�GRV�7)9$V� SDUD�GHQWUR�GH� VHXV�FDQDLV�YHUWHEUDLV��DOJXPDV�YH]HV��GH�IRUPD�DFHQWXDGD��-i� VH�FRQKHFH�HVWH�IDWR�Ki�PXLWRV�DQRV��PDV�DLQGD�QmR�p� GH� FRQKHFLPHQWR�FRPXP�GR�S~EOLFR�JHUDO�ā��� �� H[SOLFDQGR� �� ��� ��� 2V�7)9$V� QXQFD�GHVOL]DP��(OHV�HQYHOKHFHP��IRUPDP� VDOLrQFLDV��DOJXPDV�YH]HV�IRUPDP�KpUQLDV�H�RXWUDV� FRPSULPHP�XP�QHUYR�RX�OLEHUDP�TXtPLFRV�TXH�LUULWDP�R� QHUYR��$SHVDU�GHVWDV�PXGDQoDV�EDVWDQWH�GUDPiWLFDV�� LVWR�QmR� QHFHVVDULDPHQWH�DODUPD�R� VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR�� ��� 2V�7)9$V� FXUDP�VH�OHQWDPHQWH��PDV�VHPSUH�ILFDUmR�XP� SRXFR�PDO�WUDWDGRV�HP�VXDV�ERUGDV��$V�DOWHUDo}HV�SHOD�LGDGH� SRGHP�VHU�LQGLVWLQJXtYHLV�GDV�DOWHUDo}HV�FDXVDGDV�SRU�OHV}HV�� ��� 2V�7)9$V�� DV�DUWLFXODo}HV�YHUWHEUDLV�H� RV�QHUYRV�QmR�VmR� HVWUXWXUDV�GHOLFDGDV��9HMD�XPD�SHVVRD�SUDWLFDQGR�HVSRUWH�H� FRQWHPSOH�DV�IRUoDV�TXH�RFRUUHP�QHVWDV�HVWUXWXUDV�� D� GRU� �� ��� &RQKHoD�D� VXD�SHOH�H�WHFLGRV�PROHV� hV�DGXOWRV�WrP�TXDVH��� PHWURV�TXDGUDGRV�GH�SHOH ��(OD� FRQVWLWXL�R� SHVR�FRUSRUDO�HP�DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH����D� �����$� SHOH�WHP�VRPHQWH�D� PHWDGH�GH�XP�PLOtPHWUR�GH�HVSHVVXUD� QD�SiOSHEUD��PDV�SRGH�VHU�WmR�HVSHVVD�TXDQWR�VHLV� PLOtPHWURV�QDV�VRODV�GRV�SpV�H� QD�FROXQD��(OD�p� XPD� SURWHWRUD�FUtWLFD��H� FRPR�p� D� SULPHLUD�DR�HQWUDU�HP�FRQWDWR� FRP�R�PXQGR�H[WHUQR ��FRQWpP�PXLWRV�VLQRV�GH�DODUPH�� $�PDLRU�SDUWH�GR�TXH�FRQKHFHPRV�VREUH�D� GRU�VH�EDVHLD�QD� SHOH��1HVWH�VHQWLGR ��HOD�HVSHOKD�R� HVWDGR�GR�VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR�� ,QWHUHVVDQWHPHQWH��XPD�OHVmR�QD�SHOH�PXLWR�UDUDPHQWH�OHYD� j� GRU�FU{QLFD��FRP�D� H[FHomR�GDV�TXHLPDGXUDV�JUDYHV��'LWR� LVWR ��]RQDV�GRORURVDV�QD�SHOH ��PXGDQoDV�QD�VD~GH�GD�SHOH�H� DOWHUDomR�QD�WUDQVSLUDomR�RX�QR�FUHVFLPHQWR�GH�SHOR��SRGHP� WRGRV�VHUHP�LQGLFDGRUHV�GH�QHUYRV�GDQLILFDGRV�� (P�DOJXQV�HVWDGRV�GH�GRU��TXH�VmR�LQLFLDGRV�SRU�OHVmR� DUWLFXODU�RX�QHUYRVD��D� SHOH�SRGH�ILFDU�VHQVtYHO�DR�WRTXH�OHYH� H�RX�DR�URoDU��$OJXPDV�YH]HV��PHVPR�R� WRTXH�GH�XPD�SHoD� GH�URXSD�SRGH�SURYRFDU�GRU�LQWHQVD��e�FODUR�TXH�XP�WRTXH� OHYH�QRUPDOPHQWH�QmR�VHULD�FDSD]�GH�SURYRFDU�GRU��D� PHQRV� TXH�D� SHOH�HVWHMD�VHULDPHQWH�GDQLILFDGD��1R�HQWDQWR ��VH� H[LVWH�PXGDQoD�QR�PRGR�FRPR�R� VLVWHPD�QHUYRVR�HVWi� WUDEDOKDQGR��H� VH�R� VLVWHPD�GH�DODUPH�HVWi�DOWHUDGR ��XP� WRTXH�OHYH�RX�SHTXHQRV�PRYLPHQWRV�SRGHP�FDXVDU�GRU�� $�GRU�TXH�p� FRPXP�DSyV�R� KHUSHV�]RVWHU��QHXUDOJLD�SyV� KHUSpWLFD��p� XP�ERP�H[HPSOR��'LVFXWLUHPRV�DV�PXGDQoDV� QHUYRVDV�QD�SUy[LPD�VHomR �� $�HVWUDQKD�FULDWXUD�GHVHQKDGD�D� VHJXLU�p� XP�KRPHP� KRPXQFXODU��KRP~QFXOR� ��6LWXDGD�QXPD�SHTXHQD�IDL[D�GR� FpUHEUR��QR�FyUWH[�VHQVRULDO� ��VHQGR�WmR�ORQJD�TXDQWR�R� VHX� GHGR�H� VLWXDGD�EHP�DFLPD�GH�VXD�RUHOKD��HVWi�D� UHSUHVHQWDomR� GD�SHOH�QR�FpUHEUR�� ,VWR�VLJQLILFD�TXH�VH�YRFr�FRORFDU�XP� DOILQHWH�QR�VHX�GHGR ��R�GHGR�YLUWXDO�QR�FpUHEUR�VH� DVFHQGHUi �� 4XDOTXHU�SDUWH�GD�SHOH�H�GH�IDWR � WRGDV�DV�SDUWHV�GR�FRUSR��WHP� XPD�SHTXHQD�VHomR�UHODFLRQDGD�D� VL�QR�FpUHEUR ��1R�HQWDQWR�� DOJXPDV�SDUWHV�GR�FpUHEUR�UHODFLRQDGDV�jV�iUHDV�GD�SHOH�HVWmR� IRUD�GH�SURSRUomR�FRP�UHODomR�DR�WDPDQKR�GR�FRUSR�� 3RU� H[HPSOR ��DV�iUHDV�FHUHEUDLV�UHODFLRQDGDV�DRV�OiELRV��PmRV�H� IDFH� VmR�PDLRUHV�GR�TXH�R� WURQFR�RX�SHUQD��6H�HVWDV�iUHDV� IRVVHP�RUJDQL]DGDV�ILVLFDPHQWH�GR�MHLWR�TXH�D� UHSUHVHQWDomR� GD�SHOH�HVWi�GLVSRVWD�QR�FpUHEUR��HQWmR�RV�KXPDQRV� SDUHFHULDP�XP�SRXFR�FRPR�HVWD�ILJXUD�HVWUDQKD��D�VHJXLU��� ,VWR�UHSUHVHQWD�XP�FpUHEUR�TXH�p� GHSHQGHQWH�GR�XVR��$V� iUHDV�TXH�YRFr�PDLV�XVD�H� TXH�UHTXHUHP�XPD�PHOKRU� VHQVDomR�WrP�XPD�PDLRU�UHSUHVHQWDomR�QR�FpUHEUR��6H�YRFr� H[LJH�GH�XPD�SDUWH�FRUSRUDO�SDUWLFXODU�PDLV�GR�TXH�GH�RXWUDV�� HQWiR�HVWD�SDUWH�WHUi�XPD�PDLRU�UHSUHVHQWDomR�QR�FpUHEUR �� 3RU�H[HPSOR ��YLRORQLVWDV��YLRORQFHOLVWDV�H� JXLWDUULVWDV�WrP�D� PmR�YLUWXDO�QR�FpUHEUR�PDLRU�GR�TXH�RV�QmR�P~VLFRV�� � 0DLV�DOJXQV�IDWRV�VREUH�D� SHOH�H� WHFLGRV�PROHV� l. $�SHOH�OHVLRQDGD�FLFDWUL]D�VH�UDSLGDPHQWH��PXLWR� PDLV�UiSLGR�GR�TXH�RV�OLJDPHQWRV�H�P~VFXORV��(OD�p� XPD�SURWHomR�PXLWR�LPSRUWDQWH��H� SRU�LVVR��SUHFLVD� FLFDWUL]DU�VH�UDSLGDPHQWH�� ��� $�SHOH�WHP�XPD�DOWD�GHQVLGDGH�GH�UHFHSWRUHV�� LQFOXLQGR�RV�UHFHSWRUHV�GH�DODUPH�SDUD�R� FDORU��IULR�� IRUoDV�PHFkQLFDV�H�YiULRV�TXtPLFRV��9HMD�D� SiJLQD���� SDUD�XPD�UHYLVmR�GRV�UHFHSWRUHV�� ��� $�SHOH�QRUPDOPHQWH�p�PXLWR�PyYHO��(OD�GHVOL]D� FRQIRUPH�QRV�PRYLPHQWDPRV��(OD�QmR�JRVWD�GH� IRUPDU�FLFDWUL]HV��ILEURVH� ��(OD�JRVWD�GH�PRYLPHQWR �� ��� $�IiVFLD�ILFD�DEDL[R�GD�SHOH��)iVFLD�p� XP�WHFLGR�GXUR�H� IRUWH�TXH�WDPEpP�FRQWpP�PXLWRV�VHQVRUHV�GH�SHULJR�� $�IiVFLD�HVWi�FRQHFWDGD�DR�FRUSR�LQWHLUR�SRU�PHLR�GH� FDPDGDV�H� DOJXPDV�YH]HV�VH�OLJD�DRV�P~VFXORV�� ��� 4XDQGR�VH�PDVVDJHLD�D� SHOH��YRFr�HVWi�WDQWR� PRYLPHQWDQGR�RV�WHFLGRV�TXDQWR�HQYLDQGR�LPSXOVRV� ~WHLV�SDUD�R� FpUHEUR ��$VVLP��R�PRYLPHQWR�H� R� WRTXH� VmR�PDQHLUDV�~WHLV�SDUD�UHYLJRUDU�R� VHX�FRUSR� YLUWXDO �H� UHDO�� H[SOLFDQGR� +20(0�+2081&8/$5��+20Ò1&8/2�� 2� tamanho da parte corporal representa as áreas cerebrais devotadas à sensação. �� ��� D� GRU� �� ��� &RQWULEXLo}HV�GRV�RVVRV�H�DUWLFXODo}HV�SDUD�D�GRU� h�V� RVVRV�H� DV�DUWLFXODo}HV�VmR�IUHTHQWHPHQWH�FXOSDGRV� SHOD�GRU�SURIXQGD�UHODFLRQDGD�DR�PRYLPHQWR�� ,VVR�SRGH� ID]HU�FRP�TXH�DV�SHVVRDV�VLQWDP�PHGR�GH� VH�PRYLPHQWDU��Mi� TXH�D�FUHGLWDP�TXH�HODV�SRGHP�OHVLRQDU�VXDV�DUWLFXODo}HV�� 7RGRV�QyV�FUHVFHPRV�FRP�R� FRQFHLWR�GH�GRU� SURIXQGD�QD� DUWLFXODomR � H� QRV�RVVRV ��0XLWRV�SDFLHQWHV�GL]HP� SUHFLVR� FRORFDU�XP�SRXFR�GH�yOHR�GHQWUR�GDV�PLQKDV�DUWLFXODo}HV �� ([LVWHP�����RVVRV�QR�FRUSR�H�PXLWR�PDLV�DUWLFXODo}HV�� 2V� RVVRV�QRUPDOPHQWH�QmR�VmR�TXHEUDGLoRV��(OHV�DEVRUYHP� SUHVV}HV�GH�PDQHLUD�HIHWLYD�� VH�DGDSWDP�H�PXGDP�VHXV� IRUPDWRV�HP�UHVSRVWD�jV�QHFHVVLGDGHV�FRUSRUDLV��2V�
Compartilhar