Prévia do material em texto

LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA 
► A central idea for the definition of Reading refers to the perception that when 
you read something, it does not matter what, you build (choose the correct 
option): 
 
 meaning 
 
 
Explicação: When we reade we are reconstructing a message that was once proposed by the 
author. Weare building meaning. The meaning previously proposed. 
 
 
 
 Mark the only option which is not part of the capacities and abilities a reader must 
have: 
 
 Knowledge of many foreign languages 
 
 
Explicação: Any reader should master their own languagein order to interact in a positive 
way with texts they go through. Mastering a foreign language is not necessary to form a 
good reader. 
 
 
 Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA: 
 Um leitor proficiente precisa, apenas, saber decodificar os códigos lingüísticos para 
que possa atribuir significados à escrita. 
 
 
Explicação: 
Kern states that literacy in a second language involves a competence to interpret and 
critically evaluate a large variety of written and spoken texts in cultural, pragmatic and 
interactional contexts. I expect that the process of reading may reveal readers who perform 
an active role and that recognize that they are responsible to build meanings in 
communicative contexts. They should also have the ability to understand cultural differences 
and be able to function adequately in a literate foreign society. But do not forget that as an 
efficient reader, you should be able to do that in an autonomous way. 
 
 
 
 ►Choose the words which can complete the following sentence about literacy: 
''It requires a broader discourse competence that involves the ability to ______ a wide 
variety of written and spoken texts." 
 
 interpret and critically evaluate 
 
 
Explicação: 
Texts are effectively interpretated if readers are able to fully understand what they are 
reading, what words actually mean. That is why discourse competence are closely 
connected to effective critical reading. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Leia o texto abaixo que fala sobre supostos encontros entre ETs e russos e 
responda a pergunta que o segue: 
Russian Governor Says He Made Friends With ETs (May 7) 
You can't make this stuff up, or can you? Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the governor of Russia's 
Buddhist republic, Kalmykia, claims he was abducted in 1997 from his Moscow apartment by 
aliens who took him into their spaceship.Apparently, some in the Russian government aren't 
scoffing at his story and want President Dmitry Medvedev to interrogate Ilyumzhinov, 
concerned that he may have spilled official secrets to the alien visitors. According to his tale, 
Ilyumzhinov was in bed, falling asleep, and heard a voice call him from his balcony. When he 
went outside, Ilyumzhinov claims he was met by humanoids dressed in yellow spacesuits, 
which then whisked him on a tour of their spaceship."I would probably have not believed this 
if there had not been three witnesses -- those were my driver, a minister and my assistant," 
Ilyumzhinov said. He added that the alleged aliens "spoke" with him telepathically and said 
they had come to Earth for samples. 
 "You can't make this stuff up, or can you?" isto foi dito pelo governador russo para 
deixar claro que ele não estava mentindo sobre: 
 He had made friends with aliens. 
 
 
Explicação: 
Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the governor of Russia's Buddhist republic, Kalmykia, claims he was 
abducted in 1997 from his Moscow apartment by aliens who took him into their spaceship. 
 
 
 
 ► Choose the option which best completes the following definition about Reading: 
''Let´s consider that each reader owns knowledge and previous experiences which 
are employed to build new meanings when reading new texts. As a consequence, 
we can infer that when a group of people read a text, this reading may convey 
_____". 
 
 different interpretations 
 
 
Explicação: 
Different readers face differently the same text, because when they read, they interact with 
the text based on particular perspectives. 
 
 
 
 Classify the paragraph below: On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown 
on a tiny unicycle--a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clown's 
short yellow hair, made of yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The 
blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It 
has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, 
white ruffle around its neck. The clown wears a fluffy, two-tone nylon costume. The 
left side of the outfit is light blue, and the right side is red. The two colors merge in 
a dark line that runs down the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles and 
disguising its long black shoes are big pink bows. The white spokes on the wheels 
of the unicycle gather in the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel 
somewhat resembles the inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle 
together stand about a foot high. As a cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this 
colorful figure greets me with a smile every time I enter my room. 
 Desription 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Descriptive texts are concerned with the location of persons and things in space. 
They will tell us what lies to the right or left, in the background or foreground, or 
they will provide background information which, perhaps, sets the stage for 
narration. It is immaterial whether a description is more technical-objective or 
more impressionistic subjective. 
 
 
 
 Leia o texto proposto e marque a alternativa que responde a pergunta que o 
segue. 
Ancient Beauty (From a news story by CNN San Francisco Reporter Don Knapp 
January 26, 2000 
 Drue Kataoka's passion is a demanding two thousand-year-old Japanese art form 
called sumi-e. She says of the art form, "When you take the ink-loaded brush to 
paper, and you're waiting to release the brush stroke, you know it is final. The ink 
is indelible, you can't remove or take back anything." Kataoka saw her first sumi-
e landscapes in a Tokyo museum when she was five and earned her master's 
signature stamp by the age of 17. Commenting on her sports' art featuring a crew 
team she says, "The rowers are abstracted into their most essential form, and are 
completely synchronized in their movement." You're not likely to find a 
traditional landscape in Kataoka's portfolio. She'd rather paint sports. She says, 
"What I was thinking about in this painting is the explosion of women in sports 
and what a positive thing that has been, for all of us." "Every time I paint a 
subject, I search for the underlying kinship, the swish of the brush, the swish of 
the hoop, the crack of the bat, the wailing gesture of the jazzman's horn." 
Kataoka loves music and loves to paint anything with music in it. But it was the 
sounds of history that inspired her painting of Stanford's commemorative poster 
of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. "I tried to distill sounds just beneath the black ink, 
and think of the tired feet marching towards freedom, the layered voice of call 
and response, the swelling of the spirituals, and all these sounds, and tried to put 
them into the brush strokes." Long before the brush meets the paper, Kataoka 
studies her subjects such as Stanford basketball star Kate Starbird. "I just tried 
to watch her, the reverse lay-up over and over again, on the footage, and in real 
life, then tried to create the brush strokes that had that same kind of motion, and 
release, and dynamism, to them." Tara Vanderveer is the Stanford women's 
basketball coach and she says of Kataoka's art, "People look at, like a Kate 
Starbird, and that was the move she made, and they remember it." Kataoka's 
commemorative postershave raised money for athletic scholarships and 
charities. At 21, this master sumi-e artist has her eyes on history, and leaves her 
artistic footprint in brushed black ink. 
De acordo com o texto, podemos dizer que... 
 
 Drue Kataoka uses an ancient painting technique. 
 
Explicação: 
Drue Kataoka's passion is a demanding two thousand-year-old Japanese art form called 
sumi-e. 
 
 
 
 
 
Leia o texto abaixoÇ Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839 
she took up the first of many positions as governess to various families in 
Yorkshire, a career she pursued until 1841. In 1842 she and Emily traveled to 
Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat run by Constantin Heger ( 1809-1896) and his 
wife Claire Zoé Parent Heger (1804-1890) Assinale a alternativa que classifica 
corretamente o tipo de texto: 
 
 Narrativo 
 
 
Explicação: 
Narrative texts have to do with real-world events and time. They may be fictional 
(fairy tales, novels) or nonfictional (newspaper report). They are characterised by 
a sequencing of events 
expressed by dynamic verbs and by adverbials such as ¿and then¿, ¿first¿, 
¿second¿, ¿third¿ 
Example: First we packed our bags and then we called a taxi. After that we¿ etc. 
 
 
 
 Exemplification indicates a shift from a more general or abstract idea to a more 
specific or concrete idea. Mark the only option which does not present a 
transition with this meaning: 
 It is true 
 
 
Explicação: 
Exemplification. Indicates a shift from a more general or abstract idea to a more specific 
or concrete idea. for example, for instance, after all, an illustration of, even, indeed, in 
fact, it is true, of course, specifically, to be specific,that is, to illustrate, truly. 
 
Leia o texto proposto e responda a questão que o segue. 
Much of the information we have today about chimpanzees comes from the groundbreaking, 
long-term research of the great conservationist, Jane Goodall. Jane Goodall was born in 
London, England, on April 3, 1934. On her second birthday, her father gave her a toy 
chimpanzee named Jubilee. Jubilee was named after a baby chimp in the London Zoo, and 
seemed to foretell the course Jane's life would take. To this day, Jubilee sits in a chair in Janes 
London home. From an early age, Jane was fascinated by animals and animal stories. By the 
age of 10, she was talking about going to Africa to live among the animals there. At the time, 
in the early 1940s, this was a radical idea because women did not go to Africa by themselves. 
As a young woman, Jane finished school in London, attended secretarial school, and then 
worked for a documentary filmmaker for a while. When a school friend invited her to visit 
Kenya, she worked as a waitress until she had earned the fare to travel there by boat. She was 
23 years old. Once in Kenya, she met Dr. Louis Leakey, a famous paleontologist and 
anthropologist. He was impressed with her thorough knowledge of Africa and its wildlife, and 
hired her to assist him and his wife on a fossil-hunting expedition to Olduvai Gorge. Dr. Leakey 
soon realized that Jane was the perfect person to complete a study he had been planning for 
some time. She expressed her interest in the idea of studying animals by living in the wild with 
them, rather than studying dead animals through paleontology. Dr. Leakey and Jane began 
planning a study of a group of chimpanzees who were living on the shores of Lake Tanganyika 
in Kenya. /.../. One of the first significant observations that Jane made during the study was 
that chimpanzees make and use tools, much like humans do, to help them get food. It was 
previously thought that humans alone used tools. Also thanks to Jane¿s research, we now 
know that chimps eat meat as well as plants and fruits. In many ways, she has helped us to 
see how chimpanzees and humans are similar. In doing so, she has made us more sympathetic 
toward these creatures, while helping us to better understand ourselves. The study started by 
Jane Goodall in 1960 is now the longest field study of any animal species in their natural 
habitat. Research continues to this day in Gombe and is conducted by a team of trained 
Tanzanians. 
Qual é o propósito do autor a escrever esse texto? 
 to inform the reader of the importance of a wildlife conservationists's work 
 
 
Explicação: 
Expository texts identify and characterize phenomena. They include text forms such as 
definitions, explications, summaries and many types of essay may be subjective (essay) or 
objective (summary, explication, definition) may be analytical (starting from a concept and 
then characterizing its parts; e.g. definitions) or synthetic (recounting characteristics and 
ending with an appropriate concept or conclusion; e.g. summaries) are characterized by state 
verbs and epistemic modals (Pop music has a strong rhythmic beat; Texts may consist of one 
or more sentences) or by verbs indicating typical activities or qualities (fruit flies feed on 
yeast). 
Textos expositivos identificam e caracterizam fenômenos. Elas incluem formas de texto como definições, 
explicações, resumos e muitos tipos de ensaio podem ser subjetivas (ensaio) ou objetivas (resumo, explicação, 
definição) podem ser analíticas (partindo de um conceito e então caracterizando suas partes; por exemplo 
definições) ou sintéticas (recontando características e terminando com um conceito ou conclusão apropriado; 
por exemplo, resumos) são caracterizadas por verbos estaduais e modais epistêmicos (música pop tem uma 
forte batida rítmica; Textos podem consistir de uma ou mais sentenças) ou verbos indicando atividades ou 
qualidades típicas ( moscas de fruta se alimentam de levedura). 
 
 
 Thinking about the process envolved when we describe a landscape we can affirm 
that the main intellectual faculty used is the following: (Pensando sobre o 
processo que é desenvolvido quando produzimos a descrição de uma paisagem, 
podemos dizer que a principal habilidade mental trabalhada é a seguinte:) 
 
 c. Memory and imagination. 
 
 
Explicação: 
Descriptive texts are concerned with the location of persons and things in space. 
They will tell us what lies to the right or left, in the background or foreground, or 
they will provide background information which, perhaps, sets the stage for 
narration. It is immaterial whether a description is more technical-objective or 
more impressionistic subjective. 
Textos descritivos dizem respeito à localização de pessoas e coisas no espaço. Eles nos dirão o que está à 
direita ou à esquerda, em segundo plano ou em primeiro plano, ou fornecerão informações básicas que, 
talvez, preparem o terreno para a narração. É indiferente se uma descrição é mais subjetiva técnica ou 
mais impressionista. 
Exemplification indicates a shift from a more general or abstract idea 
to a more specific or concrete idea. Mark the 
only option which does not present a transition with this meaning 
 
It is true 
Leia o parágrafo abaixo e escolha a alternativa que apresenta sua idéia principal: 
Carla, I would like to inform you that it has been interesting and profitable working with you, 
said Mr . Oliveira, when he called her to come to his office that morning. You are a very nice 
young lady, but it seems we need someone to work here who would have a more dynamic 
personality. Therefore, I have to ask you to resign your position here and wish you have all 
the luck to find a new position at another company. 
 
 O Sr. Oliveira está educadamente demitindo Carla. 
 
 
Explicação: 
You are a very nice young lady, but it seems we need someone to work here who would 
have a more dynamic personality. Therefore, I have to ask you to resign your 
position here and wishyou have all the luck to find a new position at another company. 
RESIGN THE POSITION = DEMITIR-SE. 
 
 
 
 READ the text below: 
"Anthropology is the study of humankind, especially of Homo sapiens, the 
biological species to which we human beings belong. It is the study of how our 
species evolved from more primitive organisms; it is also the study of how our 
species developed a mode of communication known as language and a mode of 
social life known as culture. It is the study of how culture evolved and diversified. 
And finally, it is the study of how culture, people, and nature interact wherever 
human beings are found." 
► Identify the topic sentences in the previous paragraph. 
 
 Anthropology is the study of humankind. 
 
 
Explicação: 
A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. Sometimes referred to as a 
focus sentence, the topic sentence helps organize the paragraph by summarizing the 
information in the paragraph. In formal writing, the topic sentence is usually the first 
sentence in a paragraph (although it doesn't have to be). 
 
 
 
 Leia o texto que se segue: A son writes ... Last week I asked my Mum if I could go 
to a rock festival. No',shesaid,the music will be too loud ... there'll be crowds of 
people ... you won't know anybody ...'. These excuses were so lame I decided 
there was some other secret reason why she didn't want me to go. After all, this 
is the first time my mum has ever shown any concern about the dangers of loud 
music. I think the real reason Mum is worried about my going to the festival is 
that my friends and I will have to survive by ourselves for a couple of days. This 
might not sound like much of a challenge, but surviving means preparing food as 
well as eating it, putting tents up as well as sleeping in them ... Mum has 
obviously realized that if I went to the festival I would soon find out how totally 
dependent on her I am. And once I realized how incapable I am of surviving on 
my own, I would never leave home again. Then Mum would have a pathetic 
teenager / adult under her feet for the rest of her life Segundo o escritor, sua 
mãe se recusou a deixá-lo ir à festa porque ... 
 she imagined the future consequences of letting him go. 
 
 
Explicação: 
The reasons are: No',shesaid,the music will be too loud ... there'll be crowds of people ... 
you won't know anybody ...'. 
 
 
 Leia a seguinte passagem sobre as rotinas de Paulo Souza e de seu amigo 
Paul, escolhendo um dos verbos entre parênteses para completer cada 
sentença: 
My name is Paulo Souza and I am a doctor. I work at a big hospital in Resende. I get up 
very early and I usually ( have/ has) a small breakfast. I eat fruit, bread, cheese and I 
generally drink coffee, but my friend Paul, who is an American, always ( have/has) 
bacon and eggs for breakfast. He ( eat/eats) bacon and eggs and ( drink/drinks) orange 
juice. After breakfast we go to work. Paul ( go/goes) downtown by subway. At midday, 
we stop for lunch. I try to eat healthy food but Paul ( do/does) not ( worry/worries) 
about that. He ( try/tries) to find a place where he can eat far food. Then, we go back 
to work and in the evening we go home. I never drink alcoholic drinks, but he 
(do/does). I go to bed by eleven but Paul always ( watch/ watches/ a good film before 
sleeping. 
Assinale a alternativa cujos verbos completam corretamente as sentenças do texto. 
 have/has/eats/drinks/goes/does/worry/tries/does/watches 
 
 
Explicação: 
Third person sigular =- verb in the simple present = add S or ES. 
 
 
 
 About adverbs, it is correct to assert that: ( Pense no emprego dos advérbios e 
escolha a frase que apresenta uma afirmação verdadeira sobre eles) 
 
 They are words that express ideas of how, when, where, or why. Its meaning can 
be applied to a verb, an adjective, or to another adverb. 
 
 
Explicação: 
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, 
determiner, noun phrase, clause, or sentence. Adverbs typically express 
manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc., answering 
questions such as how?, in what way?, when?, where?, and to what extent?. 
This function is called the adverbial function, and may be realized by single 
words (adverbs) or by multi-word expressions (adverbial phrases and adverbial 
clauses). 
 
 
 
 Leia este parágrafo para responder à pergunta abaixo 
"It seems the art of survival - or continual positive projection - in the world of pop 
music these days, depends very much on change. If artists fail to recreate their 
persona-chameleon-like, over and over again, they risk facing accusations of 
dullness; that they are not fashionable." 
 
O ponto principal deste número é dizer ao leitor que os artistas precisam: 
 
 recreate themselves to survive 
 
 
Explicação: 
It seems the art of survival - or continual positive projection - in the world of pop music 
these days, depends very much on change. 
 
 
 
 Mark the option which completes the following sentence: My father is very absent 
minded and always --------------his keys. 
 forgets 
 
 
Explicação: 
Absent minded = distraído, so he always FORGETS his keys. 
 
 
 
 Leia o texto com atenção e selecione a alternativa que apresenta a seqüência 
correta em que as palavras aparecem no texto Mama Mia: U.S. Ranks 28th in Best 
Place to be a Mother by Lesley Kennedy - May 5th/ Time Magazine According to the 
organization's 11th annual report, which ranks the_____________ places to be a 
mother, Norway and Australia are________ spots, while the United States places 
at just number 28 -- down from 27 in 2009. The reason? America's 
maternal______ rate -- one in 4,800 -- is one of the highest in the____________ 
world, according to Save the Children. Also factoring in: The U.S. ranks behind 
many other wealthy nations in terms of maternity__________ policies. 
 
 best and worst - the top - mortality - developed - leave. 
 
 
Explicação: 
U.S. Ranks 28th in Best Place to be a Mother by Lesley Kennedy - May 5th/ Time Magazine 
According to the organization's 11th annual report, which ranks the BEST AND WORST 
(melhores e piores) places to be a mother, Norway and Australia are THE TOP (no 
topo) spots, while the United States places at just number 28 -- down from 27 in 2009. The 
reason? America's maternal MORTALITY (mortalidade) rate -- one in 4,800 -- is one of the 
highest in the DEVELOPED (desenvolvido, primeiro mundo) world, according to Save the 
Children. Also factoring in: The U.S. ranks behind many other wealthy nations in terms of 
maternity LEAVE (maternity leave = licença maternidade) policies. 
 
 
 
 
 Leia com atenção a situação abaixo e relacione-a com a técnica de leitura a qual se 
assemelha, assinalando a respectiva opção: You decide to buy your mom a book for 
her birthday. During lunchtime, you visit the closest bookstore and start reading 
the back of some books so to decide the best one to buy her. When doing so, which 
reading subskill are you applying? 
 
 skimming 
 
 
Explicação: 
Skimming allows the reader identify quickly the main idea of the text. It 's 
more embracing than scanning, and the reader need to has more 
knowledge about the text organization, perception of the vocabulary, ability 
to infer, decode, understand and interpret the ideas of the text. Skimming 
is more use when you have a lot of things to read and not much time, so 
this is a technique that helps a lot, because with it the reading is made with 
the speed three to four times higher than a normal reading. 
 
 
 
 Leia o texto com atenção e assinale a razão apontada para o autor como sendo a 
responsável por mantera religião viva no coração humano. . 
World Religions 
 From the earliest known the evidence of human religion by Homo sapiens 
neanderthalensis around 100,000 years ago to the present day, religion continues 
to be a very influential aspect of human lives. Today, there are numerous 
challenges and problems faced by humans from every possible background, 
location and social class. Every day people must face issues of health, safety and 
mortality. It is because of these daily challenges that religion continues to exist. 
Religion is the universal tool for explaining things which we do not understand 
through the context the known physical world. Although there are countless 
religions, each different from the other, they all serve the same purpose. Each 
answers questions which all humans seem to be programmed to ask: Why are we 
here? 
 
 Everyday challenges and problems faced by humans. 
 
 
 
Explicação: 
Today, there are numerous challenges and problems faced by humans from every possible 
background, location and social class. Every day people must face issues of health, safety 
and mortality. It is because of these daily challenges that religion continues to exist. 
 
 
 
 READ the text below: 
"It enables readers to get a sense of what the text is about and how it is organized 
before reading it closely. This simple strategy includes seeing what you can learn 
from the headnotes or other introductory material." 
http://blog.tesol.org/better-reading-comprehension-5-strategies/ 
 
► The text above refers to (choose the correct option): 
 
 Previewing 
 
 
Explicação: 
Previewing/Predicting 
This is a common reading strategy. Previewing means getting familiar with the text before 
reading it. Previewing is a very important reading skill because it ¿enables readers to get a 
sense of what the text is about and how it is organized before reading it closely¿ . 
 
 
 
 READ the story below: 
Long ago, there lived a pig that was given plenty of good food to eat each day. 
Needless to say, the pig was quite satisfied with his life. Satisfied, that is, until one 
morning when the farmer's wife brought his food and said, "Enjoy this good food 
while you can, dear pig. For you shan't be around much longer!" 
► Make a prediction: What does the farmer's wife most likely tell the pig next? 
 "When next we meet, you will be on our dinner table!" 
 
 
Explicação: 
Prediction - When you use this strategy, you are able to create hypotheses about the themes 
you are going to read about in the texts. Afterwards, when you read the texts, you can agree 
or modify your first impressions about them. When you use this strategy, you are mentally 
preparing yourself for the reading. Try to understand the title of the text, if there is a one, 
or search for any other visual clues because they generally function as a summary of the 
text. 
 
 
 
 Leia o texto com atenção e, usando a técnica da inferência, assinale a alternativa que indica 
para que a palavra STAYCATION é usada: 
 Staying Home for the Holidays: Strapped vacationers are discovering the 
attractions in their own backyards. Bad news for the global economy. 
 Sophie Grove | NEWSWEEK/Published May 2, 2009 
 Juliet Murrell has packed her suitcase. But she's not going anywhere. The 28-year-
old interior designer is vacationing at home this year. Murrell, who usually travels 
to southern France and beyond, is embarking on a "staycation," taking a fortnight 
off work to swim, cycle and explore areas of her own city, East London, a former 
industrial zone that has a gritty charm but is hardly the Côte d'Azur. "You have to 
wake up in the morning with the spirit of adventure," she says. "It's about 
mentally reviving yourself and your environment." As the pound weakens to near 
parity with the euro, scores of Britons are canceling their trips to the 
Mediterranean or the French Riviera and braving the notoriously unpredictable 
weather at home. 
 
 as a slang to define the way Londoners are spending their holidays: at home 
 
 
Explicação: 
 The 28-year-old interior designer is vacationing at home this year. Murrell, who usually 
travels to southern France and beyond, is embarking on a "staycation," taking a fortnight 
off work to swim, cycle and explore areas of her own city, East London 
 
 
 
 a- Relacione as estratégias de leitura com as definições apresentadas e marque a 
alternativa que exprime a relação correta: 
Estratégias 
 1- Previsão 
2- Skimming 
3- Scanning 
4- Predição 
 5- Inferência 
 Definições 
 A- Encontrar a idéia geral do texto após uma olhada ligeira. 
 B- Identificar idéias que não estão expressas no texto. 
 C- Ler o texto rapidamente para achar o tópico, a idéia principal e a organização do texto. 
 D- Ler o texto rapidamente para achar uma informação específica. 
E- Antecipar o que vai ser dito no texto 
 
 1-c; 2-a; 3-d; 4-e; 5-b 
 
 
Explicação: 
Scanning helps the reader obtain information from the text without need 
reading all text. It is a quick preview of the text, you just read the 
information contained in that space. You do the scanning moving your eyes 
from up to down and vice-verse, looking for the main words, or specific 
phrases or key words, etc. When you are doing the scanning pay attention 
to the punctuations of the author, such us, marks with numbers, letters, 
asterisk, etc. Look for underlined word, words in bold, in italic, different 
sizes of letters or words. This process is useful, like already said, for whom 
wants to find specific information, such as, a name, a date of birth, a phone 
number in a list, a word in a dictionary and so on. 
Skimming allows the reader identify quickly the main idea of the text. It 's 
more embracing than scanning, and the reader need to has more 
knowledge about the text organization, perception of the vocabulary, ability 
to infer, decode, understand and interpret the ideas of the text. The 
skimming is more use when you have a lot of things to read and not much 
time, so this is a technique that helps a lot, because with it the reading is 
made with the speed three to four times higher than a normal reading. 
Prediction - When you use this strategy, you are able to create hypotheses 
about the themes you are going to read about in the texts. Afterwards, 
when you read the texts, you can agree or modify your first impressions 
about them. When you use this strategy, you are mentally preparing 
yourself for the reading. Try to understand the title of the text, if there is a 
one, or search for any other visual clues because they generally function as 
a summary of the text. 
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject 
and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. 
Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business 
procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word. 
Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific 
information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive 
reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is 
important that you understand each word, number or fact. 
An inference is a conclusion that you draw about something by using information that you 
already have about it. 
 
 
 
 Sobre as atividades de pré- leitura, é correto afirmar que: 
 
 They help students activate their background knowledge about important 
abilities, strategies and lexis which are going to be necessary in the text. 
 
Explicação: 
The pre-reading activates the previous knowledge of the students in relation to the 
knowledge of the world: exploit the title, drawings, graphs, figures, author,source, lexical 
items ( Once upon a time), textual organization, the purposes. 
 
 
 
 READ the text below: 
 Success at making inferences depends on the background knowledge and the facts 
given in the text. Logical reasoning will help you to make inferences about ideas or 
concepts that the author has not directly stated. 
Source: http://studylib.net/doc/7843494/reading-strategies 
 
Consider the following situation: 
''Mike is a student in Professor Brown's Biology class. Class starts at 9 a.m. It is 
now 9.15 a.m. and Professor Brown is speaking to the class. Mike opens the door 
and walks into the classroom''. 
Based on the previous situatio, we may infer that (choose the correct option): 
 
 Mike is late 
 
 
Explicação: 
An inference is a conclusion that you draw about something by using information that you 
already have about it. 
Class starts at 9 a.m. It is now 9.15 a.m. and Professor Brown is speaking to the class. Mike 
opens the door and walks into the classroom' 
 
 
 
 
CONSIDER the following situation: 
''Your course will start with an initial assessment in week 1, followed by a guided 
tour of the building.'' 
►The situation above is an example of (choose the right option): 
 Informative text 
 
 
Explicação: 
An informative text is a text that wants to advise or tell you about something. 
 
A newspaper article might give you information about a health issue like giving up 
smoking. 
A website might give you information about a movie, band or something that you are 
interested in. 
A handout from school might be advising you about what your child will be doing during the 
next term. 
 
Informative texts usually: 
 avoid repetition 
 contain facts 
 give information in a clear way - introducing the subject. 
 
 
 De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa que revela qual foi a maior 
descoberta do estudo em questão sobre o aquecimento global: The world's 
oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously 
thought due to climate change, Australian and US climate researchers reported 
Wednesday. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, 
contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and 
threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around 
the globe. Trying to figure out how much each of these factors contributes to 
rising sea levels is critically important to understanding climate change, and 
forecasting future temperature rises, scientists say. Being so, new studies have 
been done in order to investigate the situation. A new study, led by Catia 
Domingues, of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, is the 
first to reconcile the models with observed data. Using new techniques to assess 
ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 metres (2,300 feet) from 1961 to 2003, it 
shows that thermal warming contributed to a 0.53 millimetre-per-year rise in sea 
levels rather than the 0.32 mm rise reported by the IPCC. According to the text, 
what was the main finding of the study? 
 a. That ocean waters have warmed faster than scientists had previously thought. 
 
 
Explicação: 
The world's oceans have warmed 50 percent faster over the last 40 years than previously 
thought due to climate change. 
All the others are secondary ideas. 
 
 
Leia o texto com atenção e responda a questão proposta abaixo dele. GLOBAL 
WARMING Rising sea levels are driven by two things: the thermal expansion of sea 
water, and additional water from melting sources of ice. Both processes are caused 
by global warming. The ice sheet that sits atop Greenland, for example, contains 
enough water to raise world ocean levels by seven metres (23 feet), which would 
bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai. Segundo o texto, o aumento nos 
níveis de água é especialmente perigoso para pequenas nações insulares e: 
 
 b. all coastal cities. 
 
 
Explicação: 
All coastal cities = which would bury sea-level cities from Dhaka to Shanghai. 
 
 
 
 READ the text below: 
Enjoy an Enchanting Holiday in the Maldives. Scattered across the Indian Ocean lie 
islands with the finest white sand beaches and clearest crystal blue waters. These 
are the MALDIVES! Over 1,000 coral islands. Temperatures here are always in the 
80s. What can our holiday offer you? Luxurious accommodation aboard the 
fabulous Orient Explorer. Water sports for the entire duration of your holiday. 
Drinks and entertainment included at no extra charge. Chauffeur-driven limousine 
to and from the airport. Combine this with another seven-night holiday in our 
opulent apartments at the Kelai Country Club. Prices start from just £899 per 
person. 
https://is.muni.cz/el/1441/podzim2015/A2BP_PJ1A/um/35513232/Text_types.txt 
► The purpose of the text above is: 
 
 To persuade 
Explicação: 
A persuasive text is a text that is constructed to make you do something. For example, an 
advertisement. 
 
 
 
 LOOK at the image below: 
 
The image is an example of a recipe. Based on its structure, the text type which is 
predominant in it is (choose the right option): 
 instructive 
Explicação: 
Instructive texts are concerned with concrete future activity. Central to these texts 
are imperatives (Hand me the paper) or forms which substitute for them, such as 
polite questions (Would you hand me the paper?) or suggestive remarks (I wonder 
what the paper says about the weather). A recipe is an example of an instructive 
text. 
 
 
 
 In the paragraph below, one word has been replaced with a nonsense word. Use 
the context to guess what the underlined nonsense word means. "In Hanoi, it is 
wise to get yourself a wup as soon as possible. It is very easy to get lost if you 
leave the main streets. You can get free wups at a tourist information center, but 
they are not complete. Better wups can be found in the bookstores. These have 
more details, and they provide names of all the streets." 
 map 
 
 
Explicação: 
A palavra é "wup", a ser substituída por 'map". Há várias indicações, como: It is very easy 
to get lost if you leave the main streets. You can get free wups at a tourist information 
center, but they are not complete. They provide names of all the streets. 
 
 Qual das opções abaixo NÃO representa uma característica dos gêneros textuais? 
 A specific verb tense 
 
Explicação: 
Gêneros textuais podem ser entendidos como sistemas discursivos 
complexos,socialmente construídos pela linguagem, com padrões de 
organização facilmente identificáveis, e configurados pelo contexto sócio-
histórico que engendra as atividades comunicativas. 
Temos dois conhecimentos específicos de modelo textual: a) um 
conhecimento fundado em características textuais - aspectos léxicos, 
prosódicos, sintáticos e outros; b) conhecimento de modelos funcionais ¿ 
que dizem respeito à função para a qual se destina o texto e considerando 
aspectos discursivos, socioculturais; rotinas em sentido estrito.¿ 
 
 
 
 When reading something, it helps to know what type of text it is. It also 
helps to know why it has been written. 
►Which alternative DOES NOT correspond to the purpose of the text in each 
situation? 
 
 A manual might try to persuade you to buy something. 
Explicação: 
Directive texts are concerned with concrete future activity. Central to these 
texts are imperatives (Hand me the paper) or forms which substitute for 
them, such as polite questions (Would you hand me the paper?) or 
suggestive remarks (I wonder what the paper says about the weather). A 
manual is an example of injunctive text. 
 
► A central idea for the definition of Reading refers to the perceptionthat when 
you read something, it does not matter what, you build (choose the correct 
option): 
 meaning 
 
►Choose the words which can complete the following sentence about literacy: 
''It requires a broader discourse competence that involves the ability to ______ a 
wide variety of written and spoken texts." 
 
 interpret and critically evaluate 
 
Leia o texto abaixo que fala sobre supostos encontros entre ETs e russos e responda a 
pergunta que o segue: 
Russian Governor Says He Made Friends With ETs (May 7) 
You can't make this stuff up, or can you? Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the governor of 
Russia's Buddhist republic, Kalmykia, claims he was abducted in 1997 from his 
Moscow apartment by aliens who took him into their spaceship.Apparently, some 
in the Russian government aren't scoffing at his story and want President Dmitry 
Medvedev to interrogate Ilyumzhinov, concerned that he may have spilled official 
secrets to the alien visitors. According to his tale, Ilyumzhinov was in bed, falling 
asleep, and heard a voice call him from his balcony. When he went outside, 
Ilyumzhinov claims he was met by humanoids dressed in yellow spacesuits, 
which then whisked him on a tour of their spaceship."I would probably have not 
believed this if there had not been three witnesses -- those were my driver, a 
minister and my assistant," Ilyumzhinov said. He added that the alleged aliens 
"spoke" with him telepathically and said they had come to Earth for samples. 
 "You can't make this stuff up, or can you?" isto foi dito pelo governador russo 
para deixar claro que ele não estava mentindo sobre: 
 
 He had made friends with aliens. 
 
Leia o texto abaixoÇ Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839 she took 
up the first of many positions as governess to various families in Yorkshire, a 
career she pursued until 1841. In 1842 she and Emily traveled to Brussels to 
enroll in a pensionnat run by Constantin Heger ( 1809-1896) and his wife Claire 
Zoé Parent Heger (1804-1890) Assinale a alternativa que classifica corretamente 
o tipo de texto: 
 
 Narrativo 
 
Leia o parágrafo abaixo e escolha a alternativa que apresenta sua idéia principal: 
Carla, I would like to inform you that it has been interesting and profitable 
working with you, said Mr . Oliveira, when he called her to come to his office that 
morning. You are a very nice young lady, but it seems we need someone to work 
here who would have a more dynamic personality. Therefore, I have to ask you to 
resign your position here and wish you have all the luck to find a new position at 
another company. 
 
 O Sr. Oliveira está educadamente demitindo Carla. 
READ the text below: 
"Anthropology is the study of humankind, especially of Homo sapiens, the 
biological species to which we human beings belong. It is the study of how our 
species evolved from more primitive organisms; it is also the study of how our 
species developed a mode of communication known as language and a mode of 
social life known as culture. It is the study of how culture evolved and diversified. 
And finally, it is the study of how culture, people, and nature interact wherever 
human beings are found." 
► Identify the topic sentences in the previous paragraph. 
 
 Anthropology is the study of humankind. 
 
READ the text below: 
"It enables readers to get a sense of what the text is about and how it is 
organized before reading it closely. This simple strategy includes seeing what you 
can learn from the headnotes or other introductory material." 
http://blog.tesol.org/better-reading-comprehension-5-strategies/ 
 
► The text above refers to (choose the correct option): 
 
 Previewing 
 
Leia com atenção a situação abaixo e relacione-a com a técnica de leitura a qual 
se assemelha, assinalando a respectiva opção: You decide to buy your mom a 
book for her birthday. During lunchtime, you visit the closest bookstore and start 
reading the back of some books so to decide the best one to buy her. When doing 
so, which reading subskill are you applying? 
 skimming 
 
Qual das opções abaixo NÃO representa uma característica dos gêneros textuais? 
 A specific verb tense 
In the paragraph below, one word has been replaced with a nonsense word. Use 
the context to guess what the underlined nonsense word means. "In Hanoi, it is 
wise to get yourself a wup as soon as possible. It is very easy to get lost if you 
leave the main streets. You can get free wups at a tourist information center, but 
they are not complete. Better wups can be found in the bookstores. These have 
more details, and they provide names of all the streets." 
 
 map 
 
Avaliação Parcial 
 
In relation to what is presented in your classes about literacy in second language , 
choose the alternative that is correct according to Kern 
 
 Kern states that literacy in a second language involves a competence to interpret 
and critically evaluate a large variety of written and spoken texts in cultural, 
pragmatic and interactional contexts. 
 
Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA: 
 
 Um leitor proficiente precisa, apenas, saber decodificar os códigos lingüísticos para 
que possa atribuir significados à escrita. 
 
De acordo com o texto, assinale a alternativa que indica a razão do funeral de Jim Davis ter 
sido diferente dos outros: FAKE FUNERAL SCAM It was quite a send-off for Jim 
Davis, or so the people paying his funeral bills were led to believe. They were told 
Davis was laid to rest at Abbey Memorial Park in Compton after being placed in an 
ornate, top-of-the-line casket lined with elaborate floral arrangements. Altogether, 
the bill to bury Davis at the palm-lined cemetery came to nearly $31,000. But there 
was a problem: There was no Jim Davis. He was dreamed up by a group of scam 
artists, authorities say. And prosecutors say the coffin that was lowered into the 
ground was made out of cheap plywood or cardboard, filled with either rocks or 
animal bones, apparently to convince those who handled it that there was a body 
inside. 
 a. Jim Davis was a fictitious person 
 
Classify the paragraph below according to its main features: This past weekend I 
had the time of my life. First, Friday night, I had my best friend over and we made 
a delicious, mouth-watering pizza. After we ate, we had a friendly video game 
competition. On Saturday, my dad took us out on the boat. The weather was 
perfect and the water was warm. It was a great day to go for a swim. Later that 
night, we went to the movies. We saw an action packed thriller and ate a lot of 
popcorn. Finally, on Sunday, we rode our bikes all over town. By the end of the 
day, my legs were very tired. I only hope that next weekend can be as fun as this one. 
 Narrative 
 
Leia o texto que se segue: A son writes ... Last week I asked my Mum if I could go 
to a rock festival. No',shesaid,the music will be too loud ... there'll be crowds of 
people ... you won't know anybody ...'. These excuses were so lame I decided 
there was some other secret reason why she didn't want me to go. After all, this is 
the first time my mum has ever shown any concern about the dangers of loud 
music. I think the real reason Mum is worried about my going to the festival is 
that my friends and I will have to survive by ourselves for a couple of days. This 
might not sound like much of a challenge, but surviving means preparing food as 
well as eating it, putting tents up as well as sleeping in them ... Mum has 
obviously realized that if I went to the festival I would soon find out how totally 
dependent on her I am. And once I realized how incapable I am of surviving on my 
own, I would never leave home again. Then Mum would have a pathetic teenager 
/ adult under her feet for therest of her life Segundo o escritor, sua mãe se 
recusou a deixá-lo ir à festa porque ... 
 
 she imagined the future consequences of letting him go. 
 
 Leia a seguinte passagem sobre as rotinas de Paulo Souza e de seu amigo 
Paul, escolhendo um dos verbos entre parênteses para completer cada 
sentença: 
My name is Paulo Souza and I am a doctor. I work at a big hospital in 
Resende. I get up very early and I usually ( have/ has) a small breakfast. I 
eat fruit, bread, cheese and I generally drink coffee, but my friend Paul, who 
is an American, always ( have/has) bacon and eggs for breakfast. He ( 
eat/eats) bacon and eggs and ( drink/drinks) orange juice. After breakfast 
we go to work. Paul ( go/goes) downtown by subway. At midday, we stop for 
lunch. I try to eat healthy food but Paul ( do/does) not ( worry/worries) 
about that. He ( try/tries) to find a place where he can eat far food. Then, we 
go back to work and in the evening we go home. I never drink alcoholic 
drinks, but he (do/does). I go to bed by eleven but Paul always ( watch/ 
watches/ a good film before sleeping. 
Assinale a alternativa cujos verbos completam corretamente as sentenças do texto. 
 
 have/has/eats/drinks/goes/does/worry/tries/does/watches 
 
Sobre as atividades de pré- leitura, é correto afirmar que: 
 
 They help students activate their background knowledge about important abilities, 
strategies and lexis which are going to be necessary in the text. 
 
READ the text below: 
Success at making inferences depends on the background knowledge and the 
facts given in the text. Logical reasoning will help you to make inferences about 
ideas or concepts that the author has not directly stated. 
Source: http://studylib.net/doc/7843494/reading-strategies 
 Consider the following situation: 
''Mike is a student in Professor Brown's Biology class. Class starts at 9 a.m. It is 
now 9.15 a.m. and Professor Brown is speaking to the class. Mike opens the door 
and walks into the classroom''. 
Based on the previous situatio, we may infer that (choose the correct option): 
 
 Mike is late 
 
When reading something, it helps to know what type of text it is. It also helps to 
know why it has been written. 
►Which alternative DOES NOT correspond to the purpose of the text in each situation? 
 
 A manual might try to persuade you to buy something. 
 
Which alternative DOES NOT suit an instructive text? Instructive texts 
sometimes: 
 Use verbs in the past, placed at the beginning of the sentence, that tell you to do 
something;