Buscar

Texto 10 - Moniz Bandeira - De FHC a Lula

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes
Você viu 3, do total de 19 páginas

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes
Você viu 6, do total de 19 páginas

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes
Você viu 9, do total de 19 páginas

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Prévia do material em texto

��฀\
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
0OLÓTICA฀EXTERIOR฀
DO฀"RASIL฀n฀DE฀
&(#฀A฀,ULA
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA฀Ï฀CIENTISTA฀POLÓTICO�฀PROFESSOR฀TITULAR฀DE฀(ISTØRIA฀DA฀0OLÓTICA฀%XTERIOR฀DO฀"RASIL฀NA฀5NIVERSIDADE฀DE฀"RASÓLIA฀
�APOSENTADO	฀E฀AUTOR฀DE฀MAIS฀DE฀��฀OBRAS�฀ENTRE฀AS฀QUAIS฀"RASIL�฀!RGENTINA฀E฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS�฀CONFLITO฀E฀INTEGRA ÎO฀NA฀!MÏRICA฀DO฀3UL฀�$A฀
4RÓPLICE฀!LIAN A฀AO฀-ERCOSUL	�฀$E฀-ARTI฀A฀&IDEL�฀A฀2EVOLU ÎO฀#UBANA฀E฀A฀!MÏRICA฀,ATINA�฀E฀2ELA ÜES฀"RASIL
%5!฀NO฀CONTEXTO฀DA฀GLOBALIZA ÎO�฀
CUJO฀VOL�฀)฀Ï฀0RESEN A฀DOS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀NO฀"RASIL฀E฀VOL�฀))�฀"RASIL
%STADOS฀5NIDOS�฀A฀RIVALIDADE฀EMERGENTE�
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
"QØT�VN�QFSÓPEP�EF�DSFTDFOUFT�EJGJDVMEBEFT�FOUSF�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�OP�DVSTP�
OBT�EÏDBEBT�EF������F�����
�'FSOBOEP�$PMMPS�EF�.FMMP�	���������
�P�QSJNFJSP�QSFTJEFOUF�
EB�3FQÞCMJDB�FMFJUP�QFMP�WPUP�EJSFUP�EFTEF�����
�QSPNFUFV�RVF�TVB�WJTJUB�B�8BTIJOHUPO
�FN�
����
�NBSDBSJB�P�GJN�EF�VNB�iGBTF�BNBEPSÓTUJDB�<TJD>�F�SPNÉOUJDBw�OBT�SFMBÎÜFT�EPT�EPJT�QBÓTFT��
&NQFOIPV�TF�FN�FTWB[JBS�P�DPOUFODJPTP
�RVF�IBWJB
�F�JOJDJPV�B�EFTSFHVMBNFOUBÎÍP�F�MJCFSBMJ[BÎÍP�
EB�FDPOPNJB
� GB[FOEP�EJWFSTBT�DPODFTTÜFT�BPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�DFEFOEP�F�DPODFEFOEP
�TFN�
FYJHJS�SFDJQSPDJEBEF��4FV�TVDFTTPS
�*UBNBS�'SBODP�	���������
�DPN�WJÏT�OBDJPOBMJTUB
�NPEFSPV�
P�EJTDVSTP�F�B�QSÈUJDB�MJCFSBMJ[BOUF�EP�HPWFSOP�EF�$PMMPS�EF�.FMMP
�BP�NFTNP�UFNQP�FN�RVF�
USBUPV�EF�DPOUFS�B�JOGMBÎÍP�F�FTUBCJMJ[BS�B�NPFEB
�NFEJBOUF�B�FYFDVÎÍP�EP�1MBOP�3FBM��
&N� ����
� 'FSOBOEP� )FOSJRVF� $BSEPTP� BTTVNJV� B� QSFTJEÐODJB� EB� 3FQÞCMJDB� DPN� B�
QSFUFOTÍP�EF�SFWJUBMJ[BS�B�BHFOEB�#SBTJM�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�iTFN�BT�JODPNQSFFOTÜFT�EP�QBTTBEPw��
3FDPOIFDFV�BT�EJWFSHÐODJBT�RVF�FYJTUJBN�DPNP�iQSØQSJBT�EPT�SFMBDJPOBNFOUPT�DBSBDUFSJ[BEPT�
QFMB� BNQMJUVEF� EF� JOUFSFTTFT� SFDÓQSPDPTw�� F
� BUSBWÏT� EP� EJÈMPHP
� QSPDVSPV� TPCSFQPS� BP�
DPOUFODJPTP� CJMBUFSBM� DPUJEJBOP� VNB� BHFOEB� NBJT� BCSBOHFOUF
� JODMVJOEP� B� iDSFTDFOUF�
EFNPDSBUJ[BÎÍP�EBT�SFMBÎÜFT�JOUFSOBDJPOBJTw��"P�MPOHP�EF�TFVT�EPJT�NBOEBUPT�	����������F�
���������
�QSPDVSPV�BKVTUBS�PT�PCKFUJWPT�EP�#SBTJM�BPT�JOUFSFTTFT�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�PV�TFKB
�
�OPWB�PSEFN�JOUFSOBDJPOBM�VOJQPMBS
�EF�NPEP�B�GBDJMJUBS�MIF�B�JOTFSÎÍP
�IBSNPOJPTBNFOUF
�
OP�QSPDFTTP�EF�HMPCBMJ[BÎÍP�FDPOÙNJDB�F�QFSNJUJS�MIF�B�PCUFOÎÍP�EF�VN�MVHBS�QFSNBOFOUF�OP�
$POTFMIP�EF�4FHVSBOÎB�EB�0/6��"�BEFTÍP�BP�5/1�o�5SBUBEP�EF�/ÍP�1SPMJGFSBÎÍP�EF�"SNBT�
/VDMFBSFT
�BP�3FHJNF�EF�$POUSPMF�EF�5FDOPMPHJB�EF�.ÓTTFJT� 	.5$3
�F�B�PVUSPT� USBUBEPT�
BTTJNÏUSJDPT�F�EJTDSJNJOBUØSJPT
�DPNP�B�0SHBOJ[BÎÍP�.VOEJBM�EP�$PNÏSDJP�
	0.$
�RVF�TBHSBWBN�B�QSFEPNJOÉODJB�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�F�EBT�QPUÐODJBT�
SJDBT�F�OVDMFBSFT
�DPOTUJUVÓSBN�BTQFDUPT�NBSDBOUFT�EF�UBM�FTGPSÎP��
&OUSFUBOUP
� B� BEPÎÍP� EF� QPMÓUJDBT� FDPOÙNJDBT� OFPMJCFSBJT
� DPNP�
DPOTFRàÐODJB�EB�SFOFHPDJBÎÍP�EB�EÓWJEB�FYUFSOB�F�EBT�DPOEJDJPOBMJEBEFT�
FTUBCFMFDJEBT�QFMP�'VOEP�.POFUÈSJP�*OUFSOBDJPOBM�F�QFMP�#BODP�.VOEJBM�
o� B� SFEVÎÍP� EP� &TUBEP
� BUSBWÏT� EB� QSJWBUJ[BÎÍP
� EFTSFHVMBNFOUBÎÍP� F�
SFGPSNB� JOTUJUVDJPOBM
� CFN�DPNP�B�NBOVUFOÎÍP�EF�VN� SFHJNF�EF� UBYBT�
GJYBT� PV� TFNJGJYBT� EF� DÉNCJP
� FN� HFSBM� TPCSFWBMPSJ[BEP� o� BVNFOUPV�
FOPSNFNFOUF�B�WVMOFSBCJMJEBEF�FYUFSOB�EP�#SBTJM
� TPCSFUVEP�B�QBSUJS�EF�
������"�QSJWBUJ[BÎÍP
�PV�NFMIPS
�B�FTUSBOHFJSJ[BÎÍP�EBT�FNQSFTBT�FTUBUBJT
�
EPT� TFUPSFT�EF� UFMFGPOJB
� FOFSHJB� FMÏUSJDB� F�PVUSPT
� DPN�B� FOUSFHB�EP� TFV�
DPOUSPMF�BPT�DBQJUBJT�FTUSBOHFJSPT
�GPJ�VN�EPT�BTQFDUPT�NBJT�QFSWFSTPT�EBT�
QPMÓUJDBT�OFPMJCFSBJT
�QPJT
�OBEB�DPOUSJCVJOEP�QBSB�P�BVNFOUP�EBT�SFDFJUBT�
EF�FYQPSUBÎÍP
�FTTBT�FNQSFTBT
�EFTOBDJPOBMJ[BEBT
�QBTTBSBN�B�QSFTTJPOBS�P�
CBMBOÎP�EF�QBHBNFOUPT
�BHSBWBOEP�P�EFTFRVJMÓCSJP
�DPN�B�USBOTGFSÐODJB�EF�
MVDSPT�QBSB�BT�TVBT�NBUSJ[FT�OP�FYUFSJPS��
0� EÏGJDJU� OB� CBMBOÎB� EF� TFSWJÎPT� TBMUPV� EF� 64�� ��
�� CJMIÜFT
� FN�
����
�RVBOEP�P�QSPDFTTP�JOGMBDJPOÈSJP�TF�JOUFOTJGJDBSB�OP�#SBTJM
�QBSB�64��
��
��CJMIÜFT
�FN�����
�F�P�EÏGJDJU�OBT�USBOTBÎÜFT�DPSSFOUFT�QVMPV�EF�64��
�
��CJMIÜFT�QBSB�64����
��CJMIÜFT
�OP�NFTNP�QFSÓPEP���$PN�VN�EÏGJDJU�
DPNFSDJBM�BDVNVMBEP
�FOUSF������F�����
�EB�PSEFN�EF�64����
��CJMIÜFT
�
h.ÎO฀OBSTANTE฀O฀FORTE฀
APOIO฀DADO฀AO฀"RASIL�฀
DIRETAMENTE�฀PELO฀
PRESIDENTE฀DOS฀%STADOS฀
5NIDOS�฀"ILL฀#LINTON�฀
QUANDO฀OCORREU฀A฀CRISE฀
FINANCEIRA฀DE฀�����฀
O฀PROJETO฀DA฀!LCA�฀TAL฀
COMO฀PRETENDIDO฀POR฀
7ASHINGTON�฀CONTINUOU฀
COMO฀O฀NERVO฀MAIS฀SENSÓVEL฀
DAS฀DIVERGÐNCIAS฀ENTRE฀O฀
"RASIL฀E฀OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS�฀
NA฀MEDIDA฀EM฀QUE฀OS฀
OBJETIVOS฀ECONÙMICOS�฀
POLÓTICOS฀E฀ESTRATÏGICOS฀
DOS฀DOIS฀PAÓSES฀SE฀
CONTRADIZIAM�฀ENCAPADOS฀
PELO฀CONFLITO฀DE฀INTERESSES฀
COMERCIAISv
�� \
BQØT�BOPT�DPOTFDVUJWPT�EF�TBMEP�QPTJUJWP
�P�#SBTJM�EFGSPOUPV�TF�DPN�B�OFDFTTJEBEF�EF�UFS�EF�
DBQUBS
�BOVBMNFOUF
�DFSDB�EF�64��������CJMIÜFT
�OP�NFSDBEP�JOUFSOBDJPOBM
�QBSB�BUFOEFS�
BPT�DPNQSPNJTTPT�DPN�P�QBHBNFOUP�EF�KVSPT�F�USBOTGFSÐODJB�EF�MVDSPT
�GSFUFT�F�SPZBMUJFT
�CFN�
DPNP�BNPSUJ[BS�PT�FNQSÏTUJNPT�F�GFDIBS�BT�DPOUBT�FYUFSOBT�
/ÍP�PCTUBOUF� P� GPSUF� BQPJP�EBEP� BP�#SBTJM
� EJSFUBNFOUF
� QFMP�QSFTJEFOUF�EPT�&TUBEPT�
6OJEPT
�#JMM�$MJOUPO
�RVBOEP�PDPSSFV�B�DSJTF�GJOBODFJSB�EF�����
�P�QSPKFUP�EB�"MDB
�UBM�DPNP�
QSFUFOEJEP�QPS�8BTIJOHUPO
�DPOUJOVPV�DPNP�P�OFSWP�NBJT�TFOTÓWFM�EBT�EJWFSHÐODJBT�FOUSF�P�
#SBTJM�F�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�OB�NFEJEB�FN�RVF�PT�PCKFUJWPT�FDPOÙNJDPT
�QPMÓUJDPT�F�FTUSBUÏHJDPT�
EPT�EPJT�QBÓTFT�TF�DPOUSBEJ[JBN
�FODBQBEPT�QFMP�DPOGMJUP�EF�JOUFSFTTFT�DPNFSDJBJT��0�FTDPQP�EB�
"MDB�DPOTJTUJB�FN�SFWJWJGJDBS�B�%PVUSJOB�.POSPF
�FN�TVB�EJNFOTÍP�FDPOÙNJDB�F�DPNFSDJBM
�F�
QFSNJUJS�BPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OÍP�BQFOBT�SFTUBCFMFDFS�TVB�IFHFNPOJB�TPCSF�B�"NÏSJDB�-BUJOB�
DPNP�FOGSFOUBS�B�6OJÍP�&VSPQÏJB
�FNCSJÍP�EP�GVUVSP�&TUBEP�FVSPQFV�	NFUB�EP�5SBUBEP�EF�
.BBTUSJDIU
�EP�RVBM�B�"MFNBOIB
�RVF�KÈ�JODPSQPSBWB�BP�TFV�FTQBÎP�FDPOÙNJDP�B�3ÞTTJB�F�PT�
EFNBJT�QBÓTFT�EP�FYUJOUP�CMPDP�TPDJBMJTUB
�DPOTUJUVÓB�P�FQJDFOUSP��'FSOBOEP�
)FOSJRVF� $BSEPTP
� EFQPJT� EB� BQSPWBÎÍP� EP� 5SBEF� 1SPNPUJPO� "VUIPSJUZ�
	51"
� QFMB� $ÉNBSB� EF� 3FQSFTFOUBOUFT
� FN� GJOT� EF� ����
� BGJSNPV� RVF
�
iTF� BT� DPOEJDJPOBOUFT� GPSFN� MFWBEBT� BP�Q�EB� MFUSB
� JTUP� TJHOJGJDB�RVF�OÍP�
IBWFS�"MDBw��&�BDSFTDFOUPV
�FOGBUJDBNFOUF
�RVF�iB�"MDB�TFSÈ�BDFJUB�PV�OÍP�
EFQFOEFOEP�EP�OPTTP�JOUFSFTTF��5FN�RVF�TFS�VN�UPNB�MÈ�EÈ�DÈw��
'FSOBOEP� )FOSJRVF� $BSEPTP� NBOUFWF� CPN� SFMBDJPOBNFOUP� EJSFUP�
DPN�#JMM�$MJOUPO
�NBT�BT�EJWFSHÐODJBT�DPN�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�FYQMJDJUBSBN�
TF�FN�WÈSJBT�PVUSBT�RVFTUÜFT�EF�QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS
�DPN�SFTQFJUP
�TPCSFUVEP
��
"NÏSJDB�EP�4VM
�F�Ë�QPTTÓWFM�JOUFSWFOÎÍP�BSNBEB�OB�$PMÙNCJB
�B�QSFUFYUP�
EF� DPNCBUFS� B� OBSDPHVFSSJMIB
� BTTJN� EFOPNJOBEB� QPSRVF� PT� OFHØDJPT�
EB� ESPHB� TF� DPOWFSUFSBN� OB� NBJT� JNQPSUBOUF� GPOUF� EF� GJOBODJBNFOUP�
EB� JOTVSHÐODJB� QPMÓUJDB��� 0� #SBTJM� QSPJCJV� B� VUJMJ[BÎÍP� EP� TFV� UFSSJUØSJP�
QBSB� RVBMRVFS� PQFSBÎÍP� NJMJUBS� OB� $PMÙNCJB
� QPSRVBOUP� DPOUSBSJBWB�
PT� QSJODÓQJPT� EF� OÍP�JOUFSWFOÎÍP� F� BVUP�EFUFSNJOBÎÍP
� RVF� QBVUBWBN�
USBEJDJPOBMNFOUF� B� QPMÓUJDB� FYUFSJPS� EP� 1BÓT�� &� DPOUJOVPV� B� OÍP� BDFJUBS�
RVF
� TPC� QSFUFYUP� FTUSBUÏHJDP�NJMJUBS� PV� EF� DPNCBUF� BP� OBSDPUSÈGJDP
� PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�
FTUFOEFTTFN�TVBT�JOTUBMBÎÜFT�NJMJUBSFT�Ë�"NB[ÙOJB�CSBTJMFJSB
�DVKB�EFGFTB�TFNQSF�QSFPDVQPV�
BT� 'PSÎBT� "SNBEBT� OBDJPOBJT
� RVF� QBTTBSBN� B� JNQMFNFOUBS� B� iFTUSBUÏHJB� EF� SFTJTUÐODJBw
�
DPNP�IJQØUFTF�EF�HVFSSB�DPOUSB�VNB�QPUÐODJB�UFDOPMPHJDBNFOUF�TVQFSJPS�
"�QBSUJS�EF� BTDFOTÍP�EF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI�Ë�QSFTJEÐODJB�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
� B�QPMÓUJDB�
FYUFSJPS�EP�#SBTJM�BGJHVSPV�TF�EFWFSBT�DPOUSBEJUØSJB��0�DIBODFMFS�$FMTP�-BGFS�EFNJUJV�P�FNCBJ�
YBEPS�4BNVFM�1JOIFJSP�(VJNBSÍFT
�EB�EJSFUPSJB�EP�*13*�o�*OTUJUVUP�EF�1FTRVJTB�EF�3FMBÎÜFT�
*OUFSOBDJPOBJT
�QPSRVF�FMF�DSJUJDBWB�B�"MDB�F
�EFQPJT
�BDFJUPV�RVF�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�EFTUJUVÓTTFN�
JMFHBMNFOUF�P�FNCBJYBEPS�+PTÏ�.BVSÓDJP�#VTUBOJ�EB�EJSFÎÍP�EB�0QBD�o�0SHBOJ[BÎÍP�QBSB�B�
1SPTDSJÎÍP�EF�"SNBT�2VÓNJDBT��&TTBT�JOJDJBUJWBT�F�BUJUVEFT�TVCTFSWJFOUFT�F�TFSWJT�EF�$FMTP�-BGFS�
RVF� TF� DPOGJHVSPV� DPNP�P�QJPS� DIBODFMFS�OB�IJTUØSJB�EP� *UBNBSBUZ
�OÍP� GPSBN�DPOTJTUFOUFT�
DPN�PT�JODJTJWPT�F�BMUJWPT�QSPOVODJBNFOUPT�EF�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP
�RVF
�UBMWF[�QBSB�
BSSFGFDFS�B�SFQFSDVTTÍP�BMUBNFOUF�OFHBUJWB�RVF�UFWF�B�EFNJTTÍP�EP�FNCBJYBEPS�4BNVFM�1JOIFJSP�
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
h&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE฀
#ARDOSO฀MANTEVE฀BOM฀
RELACIONAMENTO฀DIRETO฀
COM฀"ILL฀#LINTON�฀MAS฀
AS฀DIVERGÐNCIAS฀COM฀
OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀
EXPLICITARAM
SE฀EM฀VÉRIAS฀
OUTRAS฀QUESTÜES฀DE฀POLÓTICA฀
EXTERIOR�฀COM฀RESPEITO�฀
SOBRETUDO�฀Ì฀!MÏRICA฀
DO฀3UL�฀E฀Ì฀POSSÓVEL฀
INTERVEN ÎO฀ARMADA฀NA฀
#OLÙMBIA�฀A฀PRETEXTO฀DE฀
COMBATER฀A฀NARCOGUERRILHAv
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
(VJNBSÍFT
�WPMUPV�B�NBOJGFTUBS�TF
�EF�NBOFJSB�NBJT�DBUFHØSJDB�TPCSF�B�"MDB��&N�EJTDVSTP�OB�***�
$ÞQVMB�EBT�"NÏSJDBT
�FN�2VFCFD�	���EF�BCSJM
�FMF�EFDMBSPV�RVF�B�"MDB�TFSJB�iCFN�WJOEBw�TF�
TVB�DSJBÎÍP�GPTTF�VN�QBTTP�QBSB�EBS�BDFTTP�BPT�NFSDBEPT�NBJT�EJOÉNJDPT��TF�FGFUJWBNFOUF�GPTTF�P�
DBNJOIP�QBSB�SFHSBT�DPNQBSUJMIBEBT�TPCSF�BOUJEVNQJOH��TF�SFEV[JTTF�BT�CBSSFJSBT�OÍP�UBSJGÈSJBT��
TF�FWJUBTTF�B�EJTUPSÎÍP�QSPUFDJPOJTUB�EBT�CPBT� SFHSBT� TBOJUÈSJBT�� TF
�BP�QSPUFHFS�B�QSPQSJFEBEF�
JOUFMFDUVBM
�QSPNPWFTTF
�BP�NFTNP�UFNQP
�B�DBQBDJEBEF�UFDOPMØHJDB�EF�QPWPT��F�TF�GPTTF�BMÏN�EB�
3PEBEB�6SVHVBJ
�DPSSJHJOEP�BT�BTTJNFUSJBT�FOUÍP�DSJTUBMJ[BEBT
�TPCSFUVEP�OB�ÈSFB�BHSÓDPMB��i/ÍP�
TFOEP�BTTJN
�TFSJB�JSSFMFWBOUF�PV
�OB�QJPS�EBT�IJQØUFTFT
�JOEFTFKÈWFMw�o�DPODMVJV��
"QØT�PT�BUFOUBEPT�UFSSPSJTUBT�RVF�EFTUSVÓSBN�BT�UPSSFT�HÐNFBT�EP�8PSME�5SBEF�$FOUFS�
	85$
�F�EF�QBSUF�EP�1FOUÈHPOP
�DPN�NBJT�EF�������NPSUPT
�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP
�
OB�NFTNB�NBOI�EF����EF�TFUFNCSP
�UFMFGPOPV�QBSB�#VTI
�B�GJN�EF�FNQSFTUBS�MIF�JOUFHSBM�
TPMJEBSJFEBEF
�F�$FMTP�-BGFS�UPNPV�B�JOJDJBUJWB�EF�DPOWPDBS�VNB�SFVOJÍP�EP�»SHÍP�EF�$POTVMUB�
EB�0&"
�JOWPDBOEP�P�5SBUBEP�*OUFSBNFSJDBOP�EF�"TTJTUÐODJB�3FDÓQSPDB�	5JBS
�DPOIFDJEP�
DPNP�5SBUBEP�EP�3JP�EF�+BOFJSP
�BMFHBOEP�RVF�iB�FYDFQDJPOBM�HSBWJEBEF�EPT�
BUBRVFT�F�B�EJTDVTTÍP�EF�TFVT�EFTEPCSBNFOUPTw�KVTUJGJDBWBN�P�SFDVSTP�BP�
NFDBOJTNP�EF�TFHVSBOÎB�DPMFUJWB�EP�IFNJTGÏSJP��5SÐT�EJBT�EFQPJT
�EFDMBSPV�
RVF�P�#SBTJM�QPEFSJB�QBSUJDJQBS�EB�HVFSSB
�TF�WJFTTF�B�PDPSSFS
�BQPJBOEP�VNB�
BÎÍP�NJMJUBS�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�EFTEF�RVF�P�HSVQP�UFSSPSJTUB�RVF�BUBDPV�
BT�UPSSFT�EP�85$�F�P�1FOUÈHPOP�GPTTFN�JEFOUJGJDBEPT��&
�EVSBOUF�B�99*7�
3FVOJÍP�EF�$POTVMUB�EPT�$IBODFMFSFT�"NFSJDBOPT
�FN����EF� TFUFNCSP
�
BGJSNPV�RVF�iBT�NBJT�EF�DJODP�EÏDBEBT�EFDPSSJEBT�EFTEF�B�BTTJOBUVSB�EP�
5JBS��OÍP�MIF�SFUJSBN�B�WBMJEBEFw���4FV�QSPQØTJUP�EFDMBSBEP�GPJ�DSJBS�VNB�
iNPMEVSB�KVSÓEJDB�EF�DPPQFSBÎÍP
�DPNQBUÓWFM�DPN�BT�SFTPMVÎÜFT�EB�0/6w
�
DPN�B�iWBOUBHFNw�EF�FYDMVJS�P�#SBTJM�EP�DPNQSPNJTTP�EF�FNQSFHP�EB�GPSÎB�
BSNBEB�OP�USBUP�EP�UFSSPSJTNP
�EFMJNJUBOEP�KVSJEJDBNFOUF�B�NBOJGFTUBÎÍP�
QPMÓUJDB� EF� TPMJEBSJFEBEF��� &TTB� GPJ� B� FYQMJDBÎÍP� RVF� UBNCÏN�PGFSFDFV� B�
'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP��
1PSÏN
�B�JOWPDBÎÍP�EP�5JBS
�DVKP�BSUJHP��P�JOEJDBWB�RVF�iVN�BUBRVF�
BSNBEP� QPS� QBSUF� EF� RVBMRVFS� &TUBEP� B� VN� &TUBEP� BNFSJDBOP� TFS�
DPOTJEFSBEP�VN� BUBRVF� DPOUSB� UPEPT� PT�&TUBEPT� BNFSJDBOPTw
� GPJ� FWJEFOUFNFOUF� JOFQUB��
0�BUBRVF�DPOUSB�P�85$�F�P�1FOUÈHPOP�OÍP�QBSUJSB�EF�OFOIVN�PVUSP�&TUBEP�OBDJPOBM
�
DPNP�FN�1FBSM�)BSCPS�	����
��$PORVBOUP�QVEFTTF�TFS�DPOTJEFSBEB�VNB�BÎÍP�CÏMJDB
�OÍP�
QSFWJTUB�OB�OPSNBUJWB�JOUFSOBDJPOBM�EF�HVFSSB
�FMB�QBSUJV�EF�VN�JOJNJHP�EJGVTP
�EJTQFSTP
�
RVF�SFDPSSFV�BP�UFSSPSJTNP
�NFTNP�Ë�DVTUB�EF�TVJDÓEJP
�QPSRVF�OÍP�EJTQVOIB�EF�NÓTTFJT�F�
PVUSBT�BSNBT�QBSB�BUBDBS�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT��
"�DPOWPDBÎÍP�EP�»SHÍP�EF�$POTVMUB�EB�0&"
�BHSBWBEB�QFMB�EFDMBSBÎÍP�EF�RVF�P�5JBS
�
JOTUSVNFOUP� EB�(VFSSB� 'SJB
� OÍP� QFSEFSB� B� WBMJEBEF
� DPOTUJUVJV
� QPSUBOUP
� VNB� UPMFJNB
�
TPCSFUVEP� EFQPJT� RVF� P� QSFTJEFOUF� EF� .ÏYJDP
� 7JDFOUF� 'PY
� FN� SFVOJÍP� EP� $POTFMIP�
1FSNBOFOUF�EB�0&"
�BOVODJBSB�P�QSPQØTJUP�EF�EFOVODJÈ�MP
�EJ[FOEP�RVF�FMF�SFQSFTFOUBWB�
OÍP� TØ� VN� iDBTP� HSBWF� EF� PCTPMFTDFODJB� F� JOVUJMJEBEw
� DPNP� B� HVFSSB� EBT�.BMWJOBT� 	����
�
EFNPOTUSBSB
� iTJOP� RVF� IB� JNQFEJEP
� FO� DPOUSB� EF� TVT� QSPQØTJUPT
� MB� HFOFSBDJØO� EF� VOB� JEFB�
EF� TFHVSJEBE�BEFDVBEB�B� MPT�BMDBODFT� Z�OFDFTJEBEFT�EFM�IFNJTGFSJPw����4FHVOEP�'PY�FYQMJDBSB
�
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
h!S฀ATITUDES฀DE฀#ELSO฀
,AFER฀CONCORRERAM�฀
FORTEMENTE�฀PARA฀
CONSOLIDAR฀A฀PERCEP ÎO฀
DE฀QUE฀A฀POLÓTICA฀EXTERIOR฀
DE฀&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE฀
#ARDOSO�฀ASSIM฀COMO฀A฀
POLÓTICA฀ECONÙMICA�฀DE฀
MANEIRA฀GERAL�฀CONSTITUIU฀
SIMPLES฀ACESSØRIO฀DOS฀
INTERESSES฀HEGEMÙNICOS฀DOS฀
%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀NO฀MUNDO฀
E�฀EM฀ESPECIAL�฀NA฀!MÏRICA฀
,ATINAv
�� \
DPN�NVJUB� MVDJEF[
�B�OPWB�BSRVJUFUVSB�EP�TJTUFNB�JOUFSOBDJPOBM
�QVOIB�FN�FWJEÐODJB�RVF�
FTTF� JOTUSVNFOUP� TF� UPSOBSB� iJOTFSWJCMF
� QVFTUP� RVF� TVSHJ� EF� DBVTBT� Z� SFBMJEBEFT� RVF� IBO�
EFTBQBSFDJEPw
�F�B�WVMOFSBCJMJEBEF�EBT�OBÎÜFT
�OP�OPWP�TJTUFNB�HMPCBMJ[BEP
�KÈ�OÍP�EFSJWBWB
�
QSJNPSEJBMNFOUF
�EF�DPOTJEFSBÎÜFT�NJMJUBSFT
� SB[ÍP�QFMB�RVBM�PT� JOTUSVNFOUPT�EFTFOIBEPT�
OP�QBTTBEP�F�DPODFCJEPT�QBSB�PVUSBT�DPOEJÎÜFT�GPSBN�TVQFSBEPT�QFMPT�GBUPT��&SB
�QPSUBOUP
�
iJOEJTQFOTBCMF�SFDPOPDFS�FM�BOBDSPOJTNP�EFM�5SBUBEP�EF�3ÓP
�FM�DVBM�TVSHJ�DPNP�VOB�FNFSHFODJB�
Z�EF�BDVFSEP�B�MBT�DPOEJDJPOFT�EF�MB�ÏQPDBw���
"T�BUJUVEFT�EF�$FMTP�-BGFS�DPODPSSFSBN
�GPSUFNFOUF
�QBSB�DPOTPMJEBS�B�QFSDFQÎÍP�EF�RVF�B�
QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS�EF�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP
�BTTJN�DPNP�B�QPMÓUJDB�FDPOÙNJDB
�EF�NBOFJSB�
HFSBM
�DPOTUJUVJV�TJNQMFT�BDFTTØSJP�EPT�JOUFSFTTFT�IFHFNÙOJDPT�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OP�NVOEP�
F
�FN�FTQFDJBM
�OB�"NÏSJDB�-BUJOB��&�DPOUSJCVÓSBN�QBSB�EFTHBTUBS�BJOEB�NBJT�P�QSFTUÓHJP�EP�
HPWFSOP
�BP�QSPKFUBS�B�JNBHFN�EF�TVCTFSWJÐODJB�BPT�EFTÓHOJPT�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�FN�NFJP�
EF� VNB� HFTUÍP� UVSCVMFOUB
� DPNP�OVODB� IPVWF
� B� QJPS� OB� IJTUØSJB� EP� *UBNBSBUZ�� &� OÍP� TF�
BGJHVSBSBN�DPOTJTUFOUFT�DPN�PT�QSPOVODJBNFOUPT�EF�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP
�DPOUSÈSJPT�
Ë�QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS�EF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI
�RVF�TF�SFDVTBSB�B�SBUJGJDBS�P�1SPUPDPMP�EF�,ZPUP�o�TPCSF�
B�SFEVÎÍP�EB�FNJTTÍP�EF�HBTFT�FTUVGB�o
�CMPRVFBSB�PT�FTGPSÎPT�JOUFSOBDJPOBJT�QBSB�GPSUBMFDFS�B�
#JPMPHJDBM�8FBQPOT�$POWFOUJPO
�EFOVODJBSB�P�5SBUBEP�"#.�o�"OUJ�#BMJTUJD�.JTTJMF�"HSFFNFOU
�F�
SFUJSBSB�B�BEFTÍP�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�BP�USBUBEP�RVF�DSJPV�B�$PSUF�1FOBM�*OUFSOBDJPOBM�DPOUSB�
PT�DSJNFT�EF�HVFSSB
�JOTUJUVÓEB�FN�)BJB�QFMB�0/6
�BMÏN�EF�JOUFOTJGJDBS�QSFTTÜFT�TPCSF�PVUSPT�
QBÓTFT�QBSB�JTFOUBS�PT�DJEBEÍPT�BNFSJDBOPT�EF�TVB�KVSJTEJÎÍP��
1PVDP� UFNQP� EFQPJT� EF� -BGFS� JOWPDBS� P� JOFQUP�5SBUBEP� EP�3JP� EF�
+BOFJSP
� FN� GBDF� EPT� BUFOUBEPT� UFSSPSJTUBT� EF� ��� EF� TFUFNCSP� EF� ����
�
'FSOBOEP� )FOSJRVF� $BSEPTP
� FN� EJTDVSTP� OB� "TTFNCMÏJB� /BDJPOBM� EB�
'SBOÎB
�SFGFSJV�TF�BPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�BP�QSPDMBNBS�RVF�iB�CBSCÈSJF�OÍP�
� TPNFOUF� B� DPWBSEJB� EP� UFSSPSJTNP
� NBT� UBNCÏN� B� JOUPMFSÉODJB� PV� B�
JNQPTJÎÍP�EF�QPMÓUJDBT�VOJMBUFSBJT�FN�FTDBMB�QMBOFUÈSJBw����
&
� EVSBOUF� B� WJTJUB� BP� QSFTJEFOUF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI
� FN�8BTIJOHUPO
�
TBMJFOUPV
�EJQMPNBUJDBNFOUF
�RVF�IBWJB
�iGSPN�UJNF�UP�UJNF
�TPNF�EJGGFSFODFw�
FOUSF�#SBTJM�F�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�F
� MFNCSBOEP�RVF�OB�WÏTQFSB�iUIF�1SFTJEFOU�
<#VTI>�TBJE�UP�CF�"NFSJDBO�GJSTUw
�DPNQMFUPV��i8FMM
�*�XPVME�TBZ�UIF�TBNF
�UP�
CF�#SB[JM�GJSTU��5IBU�T�OPSNBM��#VU�UIFO�MFU�T�TFF�IPX�UP�DPPQFSBUFw���
0� HPWFSOP� EF� 'FSOBOEP� )FOSJRVF� $BSEPTP
� RVBMRVFS� RVF� GPTTF�
TFV�QSPQØTJUP�EF�DPPQFSBS�DPN�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�OÍP�QPEJB�EFJYBS�EF�
BUFOEFS� F� SFTQPOEFS� BPT� JOUFSFTTFT� DPODSFUPT� EP� #SBTJM� o� FDPOÙNJDPT
�
TPDJBJT�F�QPMÓUJDPT�o�HFSBEPT�F�NPEFMBEPT�QFMP�QSPDFTTP�QSPEVUJWP
�RVF�
P�&TUBEP�OBDJPOBM
�DPNP�JOTUÉODJB�TVQFSJPS�EF�PSHBOJ[BÎÍP�F�DPNBOEP�
EB�TPDJFEBEF
�EFWJB�BSUJDVMBS�F�SFQSFTFOUBS��&�B�"MDB
�FN�SFBMJEBEF
�OÍP�
DPOWJOIB�BP�#SBTJM
�TPC�WÈSJPT�BTQFDUPT��
6N�FTUVEP�EJWVMHBEP�FN���EF�NBJP�EF������QFMB�4FDSFUBSJB�EB�3FDFJUB�'FEFSBM�EFNPOTUSPV�
RVF�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�.ÏYJDP�F�$BOBEÈ�TFSJBN�PT�QBÓTFT�NBJT�CFOFGJDJBEPT�DPN�B�GPSNBÎÍP�EB�"MDB
�DVKP�DPNÏSDJP�FTUBSJB�DPODFOUSBEP�FN�FNQSFTBT�NVMUJOBDJPOBJT
�RVF�TFNQSF�EJTUPSDFSBN�
PT�QSFÎPT
�P�NBJT�EBT�WF[FT
�QBSB�USBOTGFSJS�MVDSPT�PV�QSFKVÓ[PT�EF�VN�QBÓT�QBSB�PVUSP��
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
h5M฀ESTUDO฀DIVULGADO฀
EM฀�฀DE฀MAIO฀DE฀����฀
PELA฀3ECRETARIA฀DA฀2ECEITA฀
&EDERAL฀DEMONSTROU฀QUE฀OS฀
%STADOS฀5NIDOS�฀-ÏXICO฀E฀
#ANADÉ฀SERIAM฀OS฀PAÓSES฀
MAIS฀BENEFICIADOS฀COM฀
A฀FORMA ÎO฀DA฀!LCA�฀
CUJO฀COMÏRCIO฀ESTARIA฀
CONCENTRADO฀EM฀EMPRESAS฀
MULTINACIONAIS�฀QUE฀
SEMPRE฀DISTORCERAM฀OS฀
PRE OS�฀O฀MAIS฀DAS฀VEZES�฀
PARA฀TRANSFERIR฀LUCROS฀OU฀
PREJUÓZOS฀DE฀UM฀฀
PAÓS฀PARA฀OUTROv
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
"�'FEFSBÎÍP�EBT�*OEÞTUSJBT�EP�&TUBEP�EF�4ÍP�1BVMP�o�'JFTQ
�QPS�TVB�WF[
�DBMDVMPV�RVF�
P�#SBTJM�QFSEFSJB�64����CJMIÍP�QPS�BOP�FN�TFV�DPNÏSDJP�FYUFSJPS
�B�QBSUJS�EF��P�EF�KBOFJSP�
EF�����
�EBUB�QSFWJTUB�QBSB�B� JNQMBOUBÎÍP�EB�"MDB��
�VNB�WF[�RVF� TVBT�
JNQPSUBÎÜFT�VMUSBQBTTBSJBN�64���
����CJMIÜFT
�FORVBOUP�BT�FYQPSUBÎÜFT�
TPNFOUF� BVNFOUBSJBN� DFSDB�64�� �
���� CJMIÜFT
� P� RVF� BHSBWBSJB� B� TVB�
WVMOFSBCJMJEBEF
�DPN�VN�DSFTDFOUF�EÏGJDJU�FN�TVBT�DPOUBT�FYUFSOBT��
5BNCÏN� B� "TTPDJBÎÍP� -BUJOP�"NFSJDBOB� EF� *OUFHSBÎÍP� 	"MBEJ
�
DPODMVJV�RVF�B�"MDB�USB[JB�NBJT�BNFBÎBT�RVF�PQPSUVOJEBEFT�QBSB�P�#SBTJM
�
MFWBOEP�P�B�QFSEFS�P�NFSDBEP
�EFOUSP�EP�IFNJTGÏSJP
�QBSB�����QSPEVUPT�
FYQPSUBEPT�QPS�TVBT�FNQSFTBT
�QSJODJQBMNFOUF�OPT�TFUPSFT�EF�NBOVGBUVSBEPT
�
PV�TFKB
�NÈRVJOBT�F�FRVJQBNFOUPT
�BVUPNØWFJT
�QBQFM�F�DFMVMPTF�F�QSPEVUPT�
RVÓNJDPT
�FN�WJSUVEF�EB�DPODPSSÐODJB�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�F�$BOBEÈ���
&�PVUSP�FTUVEP
�SFBMJ[BEP�QFMPT�QFTRVJTBEPSFT�EB�6OJWFSTJEBEF�EF�$BNQJOBT
�B�QFEJEP�
EP�NJOJTUSP� EP�%FTFOWPMWJNFOUP
� *OEÞTUSJB� F�$PNÏSDJP�&YUFSJPS� EF�#SBTJM
� FNCBJYBEPS�
4ÏSHJP�"NBSBM
� DIFHPV� Ë�NFTNB� DPODMVTÍP� EF� RVF� B� JNQMBOUBÎÍP� EB�"MDB
� EF� VN� MBEP
�
WBJ� JODSFNFOUBS� BT� JNQPSUBÎÜFT� EP� #SBTJM� F
� EP� PVUSP
� JOJCJS� TVBT� FYQPSUBÎÜFT� QBSB� PT�
QBÓTFT� EF�"NÏSJDB� -BUJOB
� BEFNBJT� EF� BGBTUBS� PT� JOWFTUJNFOUPT� FTUSBOHFJSPT
� QSPNPWFS� B�
iEFTJOEVTUSJBMJ[BÎÍP� F� EFTOBDJPOBMJ[BÎÍPw� EB� FDPOPNJB
� PDBTJPOBOEP� P� BVNFOUP� EP�
EFTFNQSFHP�F�EB�EFNBOEB�QPS�EØMBSFT
�BQØT�BOBMJTBS�EF[PJUP�DBEFJBT�QSPEVUJWBT�o�PT�TFUPSFT�
RVF�QSPEV[FN���
���EP�GBUVSBNFOUP�JOEVTUSJBM�OBDJPOBM
�����EBT�FYQPSUBÎÜFT�F���
���
EBT�JNQPSUBÎÜFT�UPUBJT�EP�1BÓT���
0�#SBTJM�UFOEFSJB�B�SFHSFEJS�Ë�DPOEJÎÍP�EF�QBÓT�BHSPFYQPSUBEPS�F�QSPEVUPS�EF�NBOVGBUVSBT�
MFWFT�PV�CFOT�EF�DPOTVNP
�VNB�WF[�RVF�B�ÈSFB�EF�MJWSF�DPNÏSDJP�QSPWPDBSJB�B�EFTUSVJÎÍP�EF�
CPB�QBSUF�EP�TFV�QBSRVF�JOEVTUSJBM
�QBSUJDVMBSNFOUF�OPT�TFUPSFT�NBJT�TPGJTUJDBEPT
�FN�RVF�PT�
&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�TFN�EÞWJEB
�QSFEPNJOBWBN��/ÍP�TFN�SB[ÍP�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP�
SFDPOIFDFV�RVF�FSB�NBJT� GÈDJM
�iJEFPMØHJDB�F�QPMJUJDBNFOUFw
�OFHPDJBS�BDPSEPT�DPNFSDJBJT�
DPN� B�6OJÍP� &VSPQÏJB� EP� RVF� DPN� PT� &TUBEPT�6OJEPT
� QBSB� B� GPSNBÎÍP� EB� "MDB
� QPJT�
BQSFTFOUBWBN�NFOPT�SJTDPT�QBSB�B�TPCFSBOJB�EP�#SBTJM���
!฀POLÓTICA฀EXTERIOR฀DE฀,ULA
-VJ[� *OÈDJP� -VMB� EB� 4JMWB
� DPNP� DBOEJEBUP� EP� 1BSUJEP� EPT� 5SBCBMIBEPSFT� o� 15
� �
QSFTJEÐODJB�EB�3FQÞCMJDB
�EFDMBSPV
�EVSBOUF�B�DBNQBOIB�FMFJUPSBM
�RVF�B�"MDB�OÍP�DPOTUJUVÓB�
VNB�QSPQPTUB��EF�JOUFHSBÎÍP
�iNBT�VNB�QPMÓUJDB�EF�BOFYBÎÍP
�F�OPTTP�QBÓT�OÍP�TFSÈ�BOFYBEPw����
$PNP� DBOEJEBUP
� -VMB� EB� 4JMWB� QPEJB� EJ[FS
� MJWSFNFOUF
� P� RVF� QFOTBWB�� $PNP� DIFGF� EP�
HPWFSOP
�FOUSFUBOUP
�UJOIB�EF�QSFTFSWBS�P�SFMBDJPOBNFOUP�EP�#SBTJM�DPN�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT��
"TTJN
�NBJT�QPS�DPOWFOJÐODJB�QPMÓUJDB�EP�RVF�QSPQSJBNFOUF�QPS� JOUFSFTTFT�DPNFSDJBJT
�OÍP�
BGBTUPV�P�#SBTJM�EBT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�QBSB�B�GPSNBÎÍP�EB�"MDB��&�B�OPNFBÎÍP�EPT�FNCBJYBEPSFT�
$FMTP�"NPSJN�F�4BNVFM�1JOIFJSP�(VJNBSÍFT
�RVF�$FMTP�-BGFS�EFNJUJSB�EP�*13*�EFWJEP�BPT�
TFVT�QSPOVODJBNFOUPT� DPOUSB�B�"MDB
�QBSB�PT� DBSHPT�EF�NJOJTUSP�EBT�3FMBÎÜFT�&YUFSJPSFT� F�
TFDSFUÈSJP�HFSBM� EP� *UBNBSBUZ
� SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF
� EFNPOTUSPV� RVF� P� #SBTJM� CVTDBSJB� DPN� PT�
&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�VNB�iQBSDFSJB�NBEVSB
�DPN�CBTF�OP�JOUFSFTTF�NÞUVPw
�DPNP�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
h#OMO฀CANDIDATO�฀,ULA฀
DA฀3ILVA฀PODIA฀DIZER�฀
LIVREMENTE�฀O฀QUE฀PENSAVA�฀
#OMO฀CHEFE฀DO฀GOVERNO�฀
ENTRETANTO�฀TINHA฀DE฀
PRESERVAR฀O฀RELACIONAMENTO฀
DO฀"RASIL฀COM฀OS฀฀
%STADOS฀5NIDOSv
�� \
EFDMBSPV�OP�TFV�EJTDVSTP�EF�QPTTF��
�F�OÍP�GVOEBEB�OB�TVCNJTTÍP�F�TVCTFSWJÐODJB��&TTB�EJSFUSJ[�
QSPEV[JV�DFSUP�FTGSJBNFOUP�OBT�SFMBÎÜFT�FOUSF�PT�EPJT�QBÓTFT
�BQØT�B�JOBVHVSBÎÍP�EP�TFV�HPWFSOP
�
FN��¡�EF�KBOFJSP�EF�������"MHVNBT�UFOTÜFT�TVSHJSBN�QPS�DBVTB�EB�HSFWF�HFSBM�OB�7FOF[VFMB
�
QSPNPWJEB�QFMB�PQPTJÎÍP
�DPN�P�EJTDSFUP�CFOFQMÈDJUP�EF�8BTIJOHUPO
�WJTBOEP��EFSSVCBEB�EP�
QSFTJEFOUF�)VHP�$IÈWF[
�DVKP�HPWFSOP�DPOTUJUVDJPOBM�P�#SBTJM�FTUBWB�B�SFTQBMEBS
�EFTEF
�BMJÈT
�
PT�ÞMUJNPT�EJBT�EP�NBOEBUP�EF�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP��-VMB�EB�4JMWB�UBNCÏN�DSJUJDPV�
B�HVFSSB�DPOUSB�P�*SBRVF
�EFGMBHSBEB�QFMPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�QBSB�BUFOEFS
�FOUSF�EJWFSTPT�GBUPSFT
�
BPT�JOUFSFTTFT�EBT�JOEÞTUSJBT�CÏMJDBT�F�DPNQBOIJBT�QFUSPMÓGFSBT�BNFSJDBOBT��i0�QSFTJEFOUF�#VTI�
<���>�EFTSFTQFJUB�B�0/6
�OÍP�MFWB�FN�DPOUB�P�$POTFMIP�EF�4FHVSBOÎB�F�P�RVF�QFOTB�P�SFTUBOUF�
EP�NVOEP����"DIP�RVF�JTTP��HSBWF��(SBWF�QBSB�P�GVUVSP�EB�0/6
�RVF�Ï�VNB�SFGFSÐODJB�EF�
DPNQPSUBNFOUP�QBSB�BT�OBÎÜFT�EP�NVOEP�JOUFJSPw�o�EJTTF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB���
5BJT� DSÓUJDBT� OÍP� JNQFEJSBN� RVF� FMF
� BP� WJTJUBS� 8BTIJOHUPO
� FN� ��� EF� KVOIP� EF�
����
�EFDMBSBTTF�DSFS�RVF�BT�SFMBÎÜFT�FOUSF�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�QPEFSJBN�
iTVSQSFFOEFS� P� NVOEPw�� "QFTBS� EF� RVF� FYJTUJBN� EJGFSFOÎBT� EF� QPTJÎÜFT� F� EF�
QFSDFQÎÜFT
�F�QSPGVOEBT�EJWFSHÐODJBT�UBNCÏN�OB�ÈSFB�DPNFSDJBM
�EJGÓDFJT�EF�SFTPMWFS
�
VN�CPN�SFMBDJPOBNFOUP�FOUSF�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�DPOWJOIB�UBOUP�B�-VMB�
EB�4JMWB�RVBOUP�B�(FPSHF�8��#VTI��&�PT�EPJT�QSFTJEFOUFT�FNQFOIBSBN�TF�FN�FWJUBS�
RVF�FTTBT�EJWFSHÐODJBT�OBT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�DPNFSDJBJT
�UBOUP�OB�0.$�RVBOUP�OB�"MDB
�
DPOUBNJOBTTFN�P�SFTUBOUF�EBT�SFMBÎÜFT�CJMBUFSBJT��$POUVEP
�EB�NFTNB�GPSNB�RVF�
$PMMPS� EF�.FMMP� F� 'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP
� RVF� CVTDBSBN� FTUBCFMFDFS� VN�
CPN�SFMBDJPOBNFOUP�FOUSF�PT�EPJT�QBÓTFT
�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�OÍP�DPOTFHVJV�FWJUBS�BT�
EJWFSHÐODJBT�F�BUSJUPT
�DPORVBOUP�NBOUJWFTTF�B�QPMÓUJDB�EF�FTUBCJMJ[BÎÍP�FDPOÙNJDB�
F�GJOBODFJSB
�EF�BDPSEP�DPN�P�'.*
�B�GJN�EF�FWJUBS�B�GVHB�EF�DBQJUBJT�F�P�SFUPSOP�
EB� JOGMBÎÍP�� "� DPOUFOEB
� TPCSFUVEP� FN� UPSOP� EB� "MDB�.FSDPTVM
� SFDSVEFTDFV
�
BHSBWBEB� QPS� PVUSPT� MJUÓHJPT
� OB�NFEJEB� FN� RVF� PT� JOUFSFTTFT� OBDJPOBJT�
EP�#SBTJM�QBTTBSBN�B�QSFWBMFDFS�DPNP�WFUPS�EB�TVB�QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS
�FN�
DPOUSBEJÎÍP�DPN�BT�QSFUFOTÜFT�JNQFSJBJT�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�FYBDFSCBEBT�
OB�BENJOJTUSBÎÍP�EF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI��&�BT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�FOUSF�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�
&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�DIFHBSBN�B�VN�JNQBTTF��
0�QSPKFUP�EB�"MDB�JB�NVJUP�BMÏN�EP�DIBNBEP�MJWSF�DPNÏSDJP
�FN�TFOUJEP�FTUSJUP��*ODMVÓB�
BTQFDUPT�OPSNBUJWPT�QBSB�TFSWJÎPT
�JOWFTUJNFOUPT
�DPNQSBT�HPWFSOBNFOUBJT�F�QSPQSJFEBEF�
JOUFMFDUVBM�RVF�JODJEJBN�EJSFUBNFOUF�TPCSF�B�DBQBDJEBEF�SFHVMBEPSB�EPT�QBÓTFT��1PS�PVUSP�
MBEP
�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OÍP�TF�EJTQVOIBN�B�PGFSFDFS�MJWSF�BDFTTP�BP�TFV�NFSDBEP
�P�NBJPS�
EP� IFNJTGÏSJP
� QBSB� PT� QSPEVUPT� FN� RVF� P� #SBTJM� BQSFTFOUBWB� WBOUBHFOT� DPNQBSBUJWBT�
	TPCSFUVEP
�NBT�OÍP�BQFOBT�BHSÓDPMBT
�F�FYDMVÓBN�EBT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�BTQFDUPT�EF�JNQPSUÉODJB�
QSJPSJUÈSJB
�DPNP�PT�TVCTÓEJPT�BHSÓDPMBT�F�BT�NFEJEBT�BOUJEVNQJOH����
"MÏN�EP� BÎÞDBS
� B� DPNNPEJUZ�NBJT� QSPUFHJEB�OPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
� EPJT� EPT�QSPEVUPT�
CSBTJMFJSPT� NBJT� DPNQFUJUJWPT� o� BÎP� F� TVDP� EF� MBSBOKB� o� TPGSJBN� SFTUSJÎÜFT� UBSJGÈSJBT� F��
OÍP�UBSJGÈSJBT
�RVF�WJTBWBN�B�QSPUFHFS�PT�GBCSJDBOUFT�BNFSJDBOPT�F�JNQFEJBN�P�BVNFOUP�EBT�
FYQPSUBÎÜFT�EP�#SBTJM��&�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�TJOBMJ[BSBN�RVF�OÍP�FMJNJOBSJBN�PT�TVCTÓEJPT�QBSB�
FTTFT�QSPEVUPT�BUÏ�RVF�B�RVFTUÍP�OÍP�GPTTF�SFTPMWJEB
�OP�ÉNCJUP�EB�0.$
�DPN�PT�QBÓTFT�EB�
6OJÍP�&VSPQÏJB��*TUP�TJHOJGJDBWB
�DPNP�DPOTFRàÐODJB�EP�BDPSEP�FOUSF�B�'SBOÎB�F�B�"MFNBOIB
�
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
RVF�OÍP�IBWFSJB�RVBMRVFS�BMUFSBÎÍP�FN�TVB�QPMÓUJDB�BHSÓDPMB�BUÏ������F�RVF�BRVFMFT�QSPEVUPT�
CSBTJMFJSPT�UBNQPVDP�UFSJBN�BDFTTP�QSFGFSFODJBM�BP�NFSDBEP�BNFSJDBOP
�BUSBWÏT�EB�"MDB��
0T�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�JHVBMNFOUF�TF�SFDVTBWBN�B�USBUBS�EB�MFJ�BOUJEVNQJOH
�RVF�QFSNJUJB�BP�
HPWFSOP�EF�8BTIJOHUPO�BQMJDBS�NFEJEBT�EF�TBMWBHVBSEB�B�QSPEVUPT�RVF�FMFT�DPOTJEFSBTTFN�RVF�
FTUBWBN�TFOEP�JNQPSUBEPT�B�QSFÎPT�TVCWBMPSJ[BEPT��$MÈVTVMB�OFTTF�TFOUJEP�DPOTUBWB�EBT�QSFWJTÜFT�
EP�/BGUB� F�P�#SBTJM�OÍP�B� BDFJUBWB
�OB�"MDB
�QPJT� DPOTUJUVÓB�VNB�EBT�CBSSFJSBT�OÍP�UBSJGÈSJBT
�
MFWBOUBEBT�GSFRàFOUFNFOUF�QFMPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�QBSB�QSPUFHFS�TVBT�JOEÞTUSJBT�JOFGJDJFOUFT��
0� HPWFSOP� EF� -VMB� EB� 4JMWB� PVUSPTTJN� TF� PQÙT� B� BDPSEPT� RVF� TPNFOUF� SFTVMUBSJBN�
FN�QSFKVÓ[P�QBSB�P�#SBTJM�F�OÍP�BDFJUPV�VNB�SFEVÎÍP�EF�UBSJGBT
�RVF�UJWFTTF�DPNP�CBTF�P�
QFSDFOUVBM�BQMJDBEP�NFOPS�RVF�P�DPOTPMJEBEP�OB�0.$
�DPNP�GJ[FSB�P�HPWFSOP�EF�'FSOBOEP�
)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP��
&N�WF[�EF�OPT�QSFOEFSNPT�B�DPODFQÎÜFT�JSSFBMJTUBT�EF�VNB�"MDB
�FN�UPSOP�EBT�RVBJT�P�
DPOTFOTP� TF� BGJHVSB� JOBUJOHÓWFM
�QSFGFSJNPT�OPT�DPODFOUSBS�OB� A"MDB�QPTTÓWFM�
�RVF�DPODJMJF�EF�
NBOFJSB�NBJT�QSPEVUJWB�PT�PCKFUJWPT�OFDFTTBSJBNFOUF�EJGFSFODJBEPT�EPT����QBÓTFT�QBSUJDJQBOUFT�o�
FTDSFWFV�$FMTP�"NPSJN��
�FTDMBSFDFOEP�RVF�GPJ�iB�QBSUJS�EFTTF�FOGPRVF�DPOTJTUFOUF�F�SFBMJTUBw�
RVF� B� EFDMBSBÎÍP� DPOKVOUB�OB� SFVOJÍP�EPT� QSFTJEFOUFT�-VMB� EB� 4JMWB� F�(FPSHF�8��#VTI
�
FN�8BTIJOHUPO
� FYQSFTTPV�P� FOUFOEJNFOUP�EF�RVF�PT�EPJT�QBÓTFT� DPPQFSBSJBN�QBSB�RVF�
BT� OFHPDJBÎÜFT� GPTTFN� DPODMVÓEBT
� DPN� ÐYJUP
� OPT� QSB[PT� QSFWJBNFOUF�
BDPSEBEPT
�PT�RVBJT
�FOUSFUBOUP
�OÍP�QPEJBN�QSFWBMFDFS�TPCSF�P�DPOUFÞEP��
4FHVOEP�$FMTP�"NPSJN
�P�HPWFSOP�EP�1SFTJEFOUF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�OÍP�IBWFSJB�
EF�BEFSJS�B�BDPSEPT�RVF�GPTTFN�JODPNQBUÓWFJT�DPN�PT�JOUFSFTTFT�CSBTJMFJSPT
�
FNCPSB� USBUBTTF�EF� FYQMPSBS
� TPCFSBOBNFOUF
� UPEBT� BT� BMUFSOBUJWBT�QBSB� B�
QSPNPÎÍP�EP�DPNÏSDJP�F�B�BDFMFSBÎÍP�EP�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP�OBDJPOBM�
&TTB� SFTJTUÐODJB� B� BDFJUBS� BDPSEPT� JODPNQBUÓWFJT� DPN� TFVT� JOUFSFTTFT�
OBDJPOBJT
� MFWPV� P� #SBTJM� F� PT� &TUBEPT�6OJEPT� B� VN� BUSJUP
� EF� QSPGVOEB�
SFQFSDVTTÍP
� OBT� OFHPDJBÎÜFT
� EVSBOUF� B� �B� $POGFSÐODJB� .JOJTUFSJBM� EB�
0SHBOJ[BÎÍP�.VOEJBM�EP�$PNÏSDJP
�SFBMJ[BEB�FN�$BODÞO
�OP�.ÏYJDP
�FN����
EF�TFUFNCSP�EF�������0�#SBTJM�DPPSEFOPV�B�GPSNBÎÍP�EF�VN�CMPDP�DIBNBEP�
(���
�MJEFSBOEP
�EFOUSP�EB�0.$
�QBÓTFT�FNFSHFOUFT
�DPNP�¶OEJB
�$IJOB
�
.ÏYJDP
�«GSJDB�EP�4VM�F�*OEPOÏTJB
�RVF�OÍP�TF�EJTQVOIBN�B�QSPTTFHVJS�DPN�
B�BHFOEB
�RVF�TØ�JOUFSFTTBWB�ËT�QPUÐODJBT�JOEVTUSJBJT
�EFQPJT�EF�K�IBWFSFN�
SFEV[JEP�UBSJGBT�EF�CFOT�NBOVGBUVSBEPT�F�BEPUBEP�SFHSBT�TPCSF�QBUFOUFT
�TFN�RVF�OBEB�MIFT�
GPTTF�DPODFEJEP�RVBOUP�Ë�MJCFSBMJ[BÎÍP�EP�DPNÏSDJP�BHSÓDPMB��
"TTJN
�PT�EFMFHBEPT�EF�����QBÓTFT�OÍP�BMDBOÎBSBN�FN�$BODÞO�OFOIVN�FOUFOEJNFOUP�
FN� SFMBÎÍP� BPT� EPJT� QSJODJQBJT� UFNBT� EB� BHFOEB
� BDPSEBEPT� OBT� SFVOJÜFT� EF� $JOHBQVSB�
	����
� F�%PIB� 	����
��0T�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT� F� B�6OJÍP�&VSPQÏJB� QSFUFOEFSBN�PCUFS� VN�
BDPSEP
�TVKFJUBOEP�JOWFTUJNFOUPT
�DPODPSSÐODJB
�DPNQSBT�HPWFSOBNFOUBJT�F�GBDJMJUBÎÍP�EBT�
USPDBT� ËT� SFHSBT� EP� DPNÏSDJP� JOUFSOBDJPOBM
�NBT� OÍP� RVJTFSBN� EJTDVUJS� PT� TVCTÓEJPT� RVF�
DPODFEJBN
�BOVBMNFOUF
�BPT�QSPEVUPT�BHSÓDPMBT�F�QSFKVEJDBWBN�BT�FYQPSUBÎÜFT�EPT�QBÓTFT�
FN�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP��i"�EJQMPNBDJB�CSBTJMFJSB�GPJ�B�HSBOEF�WFODFEPSB�EF�$BODÞO�BP�JNQFEJS�
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
h/฀GOVERNO฀DE฀,ULA฀DA฀
3ILVA฀OUTROSSIM฀SE฀OPÙS฀
A฀ACORDOS฀QUE฀SOMENTE฀
RESULTARIAM฀EM฀PREJUÓZO฀
PARA฀O฀"RASIL฀E฀NÎO฀ACEITOU฀
UMA฀REDU ÎO฀DE฀TARIFAS�฀
QUE฀TIVESSE฀COMO฀BASE฀O฀
PERCENTUAL฀APLICADO�฀MENOR฀
QUE฀O฀CONSOLIDADO฀NA฀/-#�฀
COMO฀FIZERA฀฀O฀GOVERNO฀
DE฀&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE฀
#ARDOSOv
�� \
RVF�P�DPNÏSDJP�BHSÓDPMB�QSPTTFHVJTTF�EBOEP�DPCFSUVSB�BPT�JOUFSFTTFT�EB�6OJÍP�&VSPQÏJB�F�
EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�QPS�FGFJUP�EF�NBOPCSBT�EJQMPNÈUJDBT�EPT�QBÓTFT�RVF�EFUÐN�NBJPS�QPEFS�
NVOEJBMw�o�DPNFOUPV�P�QSPGFTTPS�"NBEP�$FSWP
�DPODMVJOEP�RVF�iP�.JOJTUSP�$FMTP�"NPSJN�
FSHVFV�VNB�PCSB�EF�HÐOJP�EB�FOHFOIBSJB�QPMÓUJDBw
�BP�DPPSEFOBS�B�GPSNBÎÍP�EP�(����	PV�
(�NBJT
� DPNP�FMF�QSFGFSJV� DIBNBS
�P�HSVQP�EF�QBÓTFT� FN�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP
� SFVOJOEP�B�
$IJOB
�¶OEJB
�«GSJDB�EP�4VM
�"SHFOUJOB
�.ÏYJDP
�$IJMF
�QSBUJDBNFOUF�UPEB�
B�"NÏSJDB�-BUJOB
�B�5BJMÉOEJB
�'JMJQJOBT
�1BRVJTUÍP
�&HJUP�F�PVUSPT��
&TTFT�QBÓTFT
�RVF�SFQSFTFOUBWBN�NBJT�EF�����EB�QPQVMBÎÍP�NVOEJBM���
��
RVBTF�����EB�QSPEVÎÍP�BHSÓDPMB�F�B�NBJPSJB�EPT�QPCSFT�EF�UPEPT�PT�DPOUJOFO�
UFT
�OÍP�NBJT�BDFJUBSBN�B�EJGFSFOÎB�EF�USBUBNFOUP�RVF�TF�FTUBCFMFDFV�RVBOEP�
P�(BUU
�OP�JOÓDJP�EB�EÏDBEB�EF����EP�TÏDVMP�99
�BQSPWPV�VN�iXBJWFSw
�PV�
TFKB
�VNB�FYDFÎÍP�QBSB�B�BHSJDVMUVSB
�B�QFEJEP�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�F�QPVDP�
UFNQP�EFQPJT�KVMHPV�DPNP�QSPEVUPT�BHSÓDPMBT�P�BHSJCVTJOFTT
�PV�TFKB
�QSPEVUPT�
BHSPJOEVTUSJBJT
� UBJT�DPNP�ØMFP�F� GBSJOIB�EF�TPKB
� GBSJOIB�EF� USJHP
�B[FJUF�EF�
PMJWB
� FUD�
� QFSNJUJOEP� RVF� PT� &TUBEPT�6OJEPT
� 'SBOÎB
�"MFNBOIB
� +BQÍP� F�
PVUSBT�QPUÐODJBT�JOEVTUSJBJT�QVEFTTFN�DPODFEFS�MIFT
�BOVBMNFOUF
�TVCTÓEJPT
�
OP� WBMPS�NBJT� EF� 64�� ���� CJMIÜFT
� F� FYQPSU�MPT� GPSB� EBT� OPSNBT� EF�NFSDBEP���� 4FHVOEP�
JOGPSNBÎÍP�EP�#BODP�.VOEJBM
�P�HPWFSOP�BNFSJDBOP�EFTUJOBWB
�BOVBMNFOUF
�64����CJMIÜFT�
ËT�TVCWFOÎÜFT�QBSB�P�QMBOUJP�EF�BMHPEÍP�OP�QBÓT��&�DFSDB�EF�ž�EPT�HSBOEFT�FNQSFTÈSJPT�SVSBJT
�
OPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�F�OB�6OJÍP�&VSPQÏJB
�HBOIBSBN
�EVSBOUF�B�EÏDBEB�EF����EP�TÏDVMP�99
�
TVCTÓEJPT
�RVF�MIFT�QPTTJCJMJUBSBN�QSPEV[JS�NVJUP�NBJT�DPMIFJUBT�EP�RVF�BT�OFDFTTÈSJBT�QBSB�P�
DPOTVNP�EPNÏTUJDP�F�WFOEFS�P�FYDFEFOUF
�OP�NFSDBEP�NVOEJBM
�B�QSFÎPT�NBJT�CBJYPT�EP�RVF�PT�
QBÓTFT�FN�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP�EB�«TJB
�«GSJDB�F�"NÏSJDB�-BUJOB����
0� JNQBTTF�OB� SFVOJÍP�EB�0.$�SFQSFTFOUPV�VNB�EFSSPUB�QBSB�B�6OJÍP�&VSPQÏJB�F
�
FTQFDJBMNFOUF
�VN� GJBTDP�QBSB�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
� FWJEFODJBOEP�BT� FOPSNFT�EJGJDVMEBEFT�
RVF� UFSJBN� QBSB� BWBOÎBS� OBT� OFHPDJBÎÜFT� TPCSF� B� "MDB��0� HPWFSOP� EF�(FPSHF�8�� #VTI�
JOUFOTJGJDPV�FOUÍP�BT�QSFTTÜFT�TPCSF�PT�QBÓTFT�TVM�BNFSJDBOPT
�DPNP�B�$PMÙNCJB
�QBSB�RVF�TF�
BGBTUBTTFN�EB�QPTJÎÍP�EP�#SBTJM�F�EP�.FSDPTVM
�DPN�WJTUBT�Ë�SFVOJÍP�TPCSF�B�"MDB
�FN�.JBNJ��
&TTF�DPNQPSUBNFOUP
�P�DIBODFMFS�$FMTP�"NPSJN�DSJUJDPV�DPN�EVSF[B
�EJ[FOEP�RVF�FSB�VNB�
iDPJTB�NVJUP�MBNFOUÈWFM
�NVJUP�EFTUSVUJWBw
�VNB�WF[�RVF�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OÍP�FTUBWBN�B�
DPOWFODFS�PT�QBÓTFT
�RVF�JOUFHSBSBN�P�(�QMVT
�MJEFSBEP�QFMP�#SBTJM
�iNBT�GB[FOEP�BNFBÎBTw����
0�FNCBJYBEPS�"EIFNBS�#BIBEJBO
�FODBSSFHBEP�EBT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�QFMP�*UBNBSBUZ
�QSFWJV
�QPS�
TVB�WF[
�RVF�B�"MDB�QPEFSJB�OÍP�TBJS�EP�QBQFM����%F�GBUP
�B�UVSCVMÐODJB�DPOUJOVPV�B�BCBMBS�
BT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT��0�DPOGSPOUP�FOUSF�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�FYQMJDJUBEP�FN�$BODÞO
�
UPSOBSB�JOFWJUÈWFM�P�DPMBQTP�EB�SFVOJÍP�EB�$PNJTTÍP�EF�/FHPDJBÎÍP�$PNFSDJBM�o�$/$
�B�
JOTUÉODJB�UÏDOJDB�EBT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�TPCSF�B�"MDB
�RVF�TF�SFVOJV�FOUSF��P�F���EF�PVUVCSP
�FN�
1PSU�PG��4QBJO
�DBQJUBM�EF�5SJOJEBE�F�5PCBHP��
"QØT�JOUFOTBT�DPOWFSTBÎÜFT
�EFWJEP�Ë�SFTJTUÐODJB�EP�6SVHVBJ
�P�#SBTJM
�DPN�P�BQPJP�EB�
"SHFOUJOB�F�EFNBJT�QBÓTFT�EP�.FSDPTVM
�BQSFTFOUPV�VNB�QSPQPTUB�DPOKVOUB
�B�TFS�EFCBUJEB�
OB� SFVOJÍP� EPT�NJOJTUSPT
�NBSDBEB� QBSB� OPWFNCSP
� FN�.JBNJ�� &TTB� QSPQPTUB� DPMPDPV� BT�
OFHPDJBÎÜFT� FN� iUSÐT� USJMIPTw
� QSFWFOEP� B� EFSSVCBEB� EF� CBSSFJSBT� DPNFSDJBJT� QBSB� PVUSPT�
QBÓTFT�FN�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP�FN�VN�QSB[P�NFOPS�RVF�P�RVF�WJFTTF�B�TFS�GJYBEP�QBSB�$BOBEÈ�
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
h/฀IMPASSE฀NA฀REUNIÎO฀
DA฀/-#฀REPRESENTOU฀UMA฀
DERROTA฀PARA฀A฀5NIÎO฀
%UROPÏIA฀E�฀ESPECIALMENTE�฀
UM฀FIASCO฀PARA฀OS฀%STADOS฀
5NIDOS�฀EVIDENCIANDO฀AS฀
ENORMES฀DIFICULDADES฀QUE฀
TERIAM฀PARA฀AVAN AR฀NAS฀
NEGOCIA ÜES฀SOBRE฀A฀!LCAv
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
F�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�F�EFJYBOEP�PT�UFNBT�TFOTÓWFJT
�DPNP�OPSNBT�EF�QSPUFÎÍP�B�JOWFTUJNFOUPT�
F��QSPQSJFEBEF�JOUFMFDUVBM
�CFN�DPNP�B�BCFSUVSB�EF�DPNQSBT�HPWFSOBNFOUBJT�F�TFSWJÎPT�BPT�
GPSOFDFEPSFT�FTUSBOHFJSPT
�QBSB�TFSFN�OFHPDJBEPT�TFQBSBEBNFOUF
�QFMPT�QBÓTFT�RVF�RVJTFTTFN��0�
RVF�BDBSSFUPV�P�GSBDBTTP�EB�SFVOJÍP�GPJ
�FOUÍP
�P�NFTNP�JNQBTTF�RVF�PDPSSFSB�FN�$BODÞO��
&OUSFNFOUFT
�QPS�NBJT�RVF�PT�HPWFSOPT�EF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�F�(FPSHF�8��#VTI�TF�FTGPSÎBTTFN�
QBSB�RVF�PT�BUSJUPT�OB�ÈSFB�DPNFSDJBM�OÍP�SFQFSDVUJTTFN�TPCSF�BT�SFMBÎÜFT�CJMBUFSBJT
�BT�UFOTÜFT�
SFDSFTDFSBN��0�HPWFSOP�BNFSJDBOP
�FN�KBOFJSP�EF�����
�JOTUJUVJV�P�64�7*4*5�	6OJUFE�4UBUFT�
7JTJUPS�BOE�*NNJHSBOU�4UBUVT�*OEJDBUPS�5FDIOPMPHZ
�P�QSPHSBNB�RVF�FTUBCFMFDJB�P�DPOUSPMF�
UPUBM� EP� JOHSFTTP� EF� WJTJUBOUFT
� QPS�NFJP� EF� GPUPHSBGJBT� F� TJTUFNBT� DPNQVUBEPSJ[BEPT� EF�
SFDPOIFDJNFOUP�EF�GBDF�F�EJHJUBJT
�OPT�����QPSUPT�NBSÓUJNPT�F�BFSPQPSUPT�OPSUF�BNFSJDBOPT
�
EF� UPEPT� PT� FTUSBOHFJSPT� PSJVOEPT� EF� QBÓTFT� RVF� OFDFTTJUBTTFN� EF� WJTUP� QBSB� FOUSBS� OPT�
&TUBEPT�6OJEPT��"�NFEJEB
�FYFDVUBEB�QFMP�)PNFMBOE�4FDVSJUZ�4FDSFUBSZ
�BUJOHJV�PT�WJTJUBOUFT�
EF�UPEPT�PT�QBÓTFT
�JODMVTJWF�P�#SBTJM
�FYDFUVBOEP
�QPSÏN
�BQFOBT���
�B�NBJPSJB�FVSPQFVT��
$PNP�DPOTFRàÐODJB
�P�KVJ[�EB��B�7BSB�'FEFSBM�EF�.BUP�(SPTTP
�+VMJFS�4FCBTUJÍP�EB�4JMWB
�
BDPMIFV� B�"ÎÍP�$BVUFMBS� *OPNJOBEB
�NPWJEB� QFMP� QSPDVSBEPS� EB�3FQÞCMJDB
� +PT� 1FESP�
5BRVFT
�DPODFEFOEP�VNB�MJNJOBS���
�F�EFUFSNJOPV�RVF�1PMÓDJB�'FEFSBM�JNQVTFTTF�BPT�UVSJTUBT�
BNFSJDBOPT� P�NFTNP� USBUBNFOUP� B� RVF� TFSJBN� TVCNFUJEPT� PT� CSBTJMFJSPT� FN�WJBHFN�BPT�
&TUBEPT�6OJEPT��/B�TVB�EFDJTÍP
�BP�BDPMIFS�P�BSHVNFOUP�EP�QSPDVSBEPS�+PT�1FESP�5BRVFT�
EF�RVF
�iTF�FMFT�	PT�BNFSJDBOPT
�QPEFN�TVQPS�RVF�UPEP�FTUSBOHFJSP��UFSSPSJTUB
�OØT�UBNCÏN�
FTUBNPT�BVUPSJ[BEPT�B�GB[FS�P�NFTNPw
�P�KVJ[�+VMJFS�4FCBTUJÍP�EB�4JMWB
�PCTFSWBOEP�RVF
�EF�
BDPSEP�DPN�B�OPWB�EFUFSNJOBÎÍP�EP�HPWFSOP�BNFSJDBOP
�iQFTTPBT�EF�WÈSJBT�OBDJPOBMJEBEFT
�
DPOTJEFSBEBT�EFTEF�MPHP�UFSSPSJTUBT�FN�QPUFODJBMw
�EFWFSJBN�TFS�GPUPHSBGBEBT�F�UFSJBN�TVBT�
JNQSFTTÜFT�EJHJUBJT�SFDPMIJEBT�QFMBT�BVUPSJEBEFT�OPSUF�BNFSJDBOBT�BTTJN�RVF�FOUSBTTFN�PV�
EFJYBTTFN�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�SFTTBMUPV�RVF
�PCWJBNFOUF
�PT�DJEBEÍPT�FVSPQFVT�F�EF�PVUSPT�
QBÓTFT�SJDPT�OÍP�TFSJBN�PCKFUP�EP�iBUP�VMUSBKBOUFw
�P�RVBM�TFSJB�SFTFSWBEP�BPT�OBDJPOBJT�EF�
QBÓTFT�QPCSFT�EB�"NÏSJDB�-BUJOB
�«GSJDB
�0SJFOUF�.ÏEJP�F�«TJB��/P�FOUBOUP
�VNB�WF[�RVF�OP�
EJSFJUP�JOUFSOBDJPOBM�QÞCMJDP
�WJHJB�P�DIBNBEP�QSJODÓQJP�EB�SFDJQSPDJEBEF
�
EF�NPEP�RVF�BT�SFMBÎÜFT�FOUSF�&TUBEPT�OÍP�TF�SFBMJ[BTTFN�EF�GPSNB�EFTJHVBM
�
QSJODJQBMNFOUF�FN�TF�USBUBOEP�EB�EJHOJEBEF�EB�QFTTPB�IVNBOB�F�EF�QSPUFÎÍP�
F�SFTHVBSEP�EPT�EJSFJUPT�IVNBOPT
�P�KVJ[�+VMJFS�4FCBTUJÍP�EB�4JMWB�EFGFSJV�
P�QFEJEP�EF�DPODFTTÍP�EF�NFEJEB�MJNJOBS�F�EFUFSNJOPV�Ë�6OJÍP�'FEFSBM
�
RVF� GJ[FTTF� HFTUÜFT� KVOUP� ËT� BVUPSJEBEFT�OPSUF�BNFSJDBOBT�OP� TFOUJEP�EF�
RVF�PT�CSBTJMFJSPT� GPTTFN�FYDMVÓEPT�EB�FYJHÐODJB�RVF�QBTTBSJB�B�WJHPSBS�B�
QBSUJS�EP�EJB��P�EF�KBOFJSP�EF������QBSB�FOUSBEB�F�TBÓEB�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�
EB�"NÏSJDB�� &ORVBOUP� QFSEVSBTTF� B� SFTUSJÎÍP� JNQPTUB� QFMBT� BVUPSJEBEFT�
OPSUF�BNFSJDBOBT
� B� 1PMÓDJB� 'FEFSBM� EFWJB� SFDPMIFS� BT� JNQSFTTÜFT� EJHJUBJT�
EPT�OBDJPOBJT�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�OPT�QPSUPT
�BFSPQPSUPT�F�SPEPWJBT
�RVBOEP�FOUSBTTFN�FN�
UFSSJUØSJP�CSBTJMFJSP
�iTPC�QFOB�EF�TFS�MIFT�OFHBEB�B�FOUSBEB�EFWJEBw�
"�NFEJEB
�EFUFSNJOBEB�QFMP�KVJ[�GFEFSBM�+VMJFS�4FCBTUJÍP�EB�4JMWB
�BGFUPV
�OBUVSBMNFOUF
�
P�SFMBDJPOBNFOUP�FOUSF�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�BP�HFSBS�NBJT�VN�GPDP�EF�UFOTÜFT��"�
FNCBJYBEB�BNFSJDBOB
�FN�#SBTÓMJB
�FNJUJV�VNB�OPUB
�OB�RVBM�EJ[JB�DPNQSFFOEFS�P�EJSFJUP�
TPCFSBOP�RVF�P�#SBTJM�UJOIB�QBSB�EFUFSNJOBS�RVBJT�TÍP�PT�SFRVJTJUPT�EF�FOUSBEB�OP�1BÓT
�NBT�
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
h0OR฀MAIS฀QUE฀OS฀GOVERNOS฀
DE฀,ULA฀DA฀3ILVA฀E฀'EORGE฀
7�฀"USH฀SE฀ESFOR ASSEM฀
PARA฀QUE฀OS฀ATRITOS฀
NA฀ÉREA฀COMERCIAL฀NÎO฀
REPERCUTISSEM฀SOBRE฀AS฀
RELA ÜES฀BILATERAIS�฀AS฀
TENSÜES฀RECRESCERAMv
�� \
MBNFOUBWB� B� GPSNB� QFMB� RVBM� PT� OPWPT� QSPDFEJNFOUPT� GPSBN� JOJDJBEPT
� SFQFOUJOBNFOUF
�
EJTDSJNJOBOEP�DJEBEÍPT�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�DPN�USBUBNFOUP�FYDFQDJPOBM�RVF�SFTVMUPV�FN�
MPOHPT�BUSBTPT�OP�QSPDFTTBNFOUP
�RVBOEP�BMHVOT�DJEBEÍPT�OPSUF�BNFSJDBOPT�UJWFSBN�RVF�
FTQFSBS�NBJT�EF�OPWF�IPSBT�FN�TVB�DIFHBEB�OP�"FSPQPSUP�*OUFSOBDJPOBM�EP�3JP�EF�+BOFJSP��
0�GSBDBTTP�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OB�UFOUBUJWB�EF�JNQPS�TFVT�JOUFSFTTFT
�UBOUP�FN�$BODÞO�
RVBOUP�FN�1PSU�PG�4QBJO
� JOEJDPV
� DMBSBNFOUF
�RVF�B�"MDB
� DPOGPSNF�QSPKFUBEB�FN�����
�
TF�GSVTUSBSB��&
�EF�GBUP
�GSVTUSPV�TF��"�GJN�EF�FWJUBS�P�JNQBTTF�F�PVUSP�GJBTDP
�OB��B�3FVOJÍP�
.JOJTUFSJBM
�SFBMJ[BEB�FN�.JBNJ
�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�GJ[FSBN�DPODFTTÜFT�F�BDFJUBSBN�VN�BDPSEP
�
FN�UPSOP�EP�GPSNBUP�EB�"MDB
�QSPQPTUP�QFMP�#SBTJM�	"MDB�MJHIU�F��MB�DBSUF
�F�EFTFOIBEP�VNB�
TFNBOB�BOUFT
�FN�SFVOJÍP�QSÏWJB
�FOUSF�3PCFSU�#��;PFMMJDL�F�$FMTP�"NPSJN��/FN�PT�&TUBEPT�
6OJEPT�JOTJTUJSJBN�OPT�JUFOT�SFKFJUBEPT�QFMP�#SBTJM
�UBJT�DPNP�DPNQSBT�HPWFSOBNFOUBJT
�TFSWJÎPT
�
FUD�
�OFN�P�#SBTJM�FYJHJSJB
�DPNP�DPOUSBQBSUJEB
�RVF�GPTTF�EJTDVUJEB�B�RVFTUÍP�EPT�TVCTÓEJPT�
BHSÓDPMBT�F�MFJ�BOUJEVNQJOH
�RVF�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OÍP�RVFSJBN��
0�BDPSEP�SFTVMUPV�EF�DPODFTTÜFT
�DPN�CBTF�FN�VNB�DPODFQÎÍP�NBJT�GMFYÓWFM�EB�"MDB
�B�
"MDB�-JHIU
�GBUJBEB�FN�USÐT�USJMIPT
�UBM�DPNP�P�#SBTJM�QSFUFOEFSB
�SFTUSJUB�BPT�
UFNBT�TPCSF�PT�RVBJT�IBWJB�DPOTFOTP�F�B�VN�DPOKVOUP�NÓOJNP�EF�PCSJHBÎÜFT�
DPNVOT
�SFHSBT�CÈTJDBT
�OBT�PO[F�ÈSFBT�FN�OFHPDJBÎÍP
�NBT�QFSNJUJOEP�RVF�
DBEB�QBÓT�GJ[FTTF�BDPSEPT�FN�TFQBSBEP
�OBT�ÈSFBT�RVF�MIF�DPOWJFTTFN��&TTF�
FOUFOEJNFOUP� TPNFOUF�PDPSSFV�RVBOEP�P� HPWFSOP�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�
RVF�QFSDFCJB�P�DIBODFMFS�$FMTP�"NPSJN�DPNP�JOJNJHP�JEFPMØHJDP�EB�"MDB
�
DPOTUBUPV�RVF�B�DBNQBOIB�DPOUSB�P�*UBNBSBUZ
�DPN�P�BQPJP�EP�MPCCZ�F�EF�
BMHVOT�ØSHÍPT�EB�NÓEJB�EFOUSP�EP�#SBTJM
�OÍP�BMDBOÎBSB�OFOIVN�SFTVMUBEP�
F�RVF�P�GJBTDP�EF�$BODÞO�TF�QPEFSJB�SFQSPEV[JS�OB��‹�3FVOJÍP�.JOJTUFSJBM
�
FN�.JBNJ
�'MØSJEB
�FTUBEP�HPWFSOBEP�QPS�+FC
�JSNÍP�EF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI���
0�HPWFSOP�EF�-VMB�OÍP�QSFUFOEFSB�DPOGSPOUBS�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT��"QFOBT�USBUPV�EF�
DPOEV[JS�BT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�TPCSF�B�"MDB�EF�DPOGPSNJEBEF�DPN�PT�JOUFSFTTFT�EP�#SBTJM��*OEBHBEP�
QFMPT�SFQØSUFSFT�&VSÓQFEFT�"MDÉOUBSB�F�7JMNB�(SZ[JOTLJ
�EB�SFWJTUB�7FKB
�TPCSF�P�RVF�P�#SBTJM�
BDFJUBSJB�QFSEFS�OB�"MDB
�P�DIBODFMFS�$FMTP�"NPSJN
�QSPOUBNFOUF
�SFTQPOEFV��
/ÍP�BDFJUBNPT�QFSEFS�B�EJHOJEBEF��/ÍP�WBNPT�BDFJUBS�NPEFMPT�RVF�WÐN�QSPOUPT
�UVEP�UFN�
EF�TFS�OFHPDJBEP��0�RVF�BDPOUFDJB�BOUFT�FSB�VNB�GBMTB�OFHPDJBÎÍP��"T�DPJTBT�WJOIBN�WJOEP�F
�OP�
NÈYJNP
�FSBN�QPTUFSHBEBT��"�QSJODJQBM�CBSSFJSB
�PT�TVCTÓEJPT
�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OÍP�EJTDVUJBN���
&MF�FYQMJDPV�RVF�PT�UFNBT�EF�OBUVSF[B�OPSNBUJWB�F�TJTUÐNJDB�UJOIBN�EF�TFS�EJTDVUJEPT�
OB�0.$
�QPJT�OÍP�GB[JB�TFOUJEP�FTUBCFMFDFS�VNB�SFHSB�EF�QSPQSJFEBEF�JOUFMFDUVBM�QBSB�PT�
&TUBEPT�6OJEPT� F� PVUSB� QBSB� B�6OJÍP�&VSPQÏJB�� &TUF� QSJODÓQJP� FSB� UBNCÏN� WÈMJEP� QBSB�
OPSNBT�EF�JOWFTUJNFOUPT�F�TFSWJÎPT��&
�OB�RVFTUÍP�EBT�DPNQSBT�HPWFSOBNFOUBJT
�P�JOUFSFTTF�
EP�#SBTJM�DPOTJTUJB
�TPCSFUVEP
�FN�QSFTFSWBS�TVB�DBQBDJEBEF�EF�TFHVJS�DPN�VNB�QPMÓUJDB�EF�
EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP
� DPNP�OP� DBTP� EB�1FUSPCSÈT
� RVF� QSJPSJ[BWB� BT� JOEÞTUSJBT� CSBTJMFJSBT� OB�
BRVJTJÎÍP�EF�FRVJQBNFOUPT�QBSB�BT�QMBUBGPSNBT�EF�QFUSØMFP
�P�RVF�OÍP�NBJT�QPEFSJB�TFS�GFJUP
�
TF�FTTF�TFUPS�GPTTF�BCFSUP�B�DPODPSSÐODJBT�EBT�DPSQPSBÎÜFT�BNFSJDBOBT��"T�JOEÞTUSJBT�CSBTJMFJ�
SBT�EF�NÈRVJOBT�F�FRVJQBNFOUPT
�QSJODJQBM�GBUPS�EF�BVUPUSBOTGPSNBÎÍP�F�BVUP�TVTUFOUBÎÍP��
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
h/฀GOVERNO฀DE฀,ULA฀NÎO฀
PRETENDERA฀CONFRONTAR฀OS฀
%STADOS฀5NIDOS�฀!PENAS฀
TRATOU฀DE฀CONDUZIR฀AS฀
NEGOCIA ÜES฀SOBRE฀A฀!LCA฀
DE฀CONFORMIDADE฀COM฀OS฀
INTERESSES฀DO฀"RASILv
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
EP� DBQJUBMJTNP
� TFSJBN
� QPTTJWFMNFOUF
� EFTUSVÓEBT� QFMBT� HSBOEFT� DPSQPSBÎÜFT� BNFSJDBOBT
�
MFWBOEP�NJMIBSFT�EF�USBCBMIBEPSFT�BP�EFTFNQSFHP��
"P�NFTNP�UFNQP�FN�RVF�SFTJTUJB�ËT�GPSUFT�QSFTTÜFT�QBSB�RVF�BDFJUBTTF�UBJT�JUFOT�OB�"MDB
�
P�#SBTJM�TJOBMJ[PV�NBJT�VNB�WF[�B�BVUPOPNJB�DPN�RVF�JNQMFNFOUBWB�TVB�QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS��&N�
���EF�TFUFNCSP�EF�����
�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�WJTJUPV�)BWBOB
�POEF�GJSNPV�DPN�'JEFM�$BTUSP�EP[F�
JOTUSVNFOUPT�EF�DPPQFSBÎÍP�FN�NBUÏSJB�GJOBODFJSB�UVSJTNP
�TBÞEF
�BHSJDVMUVSB
�QFTDB
�NFJP�
BNCJFOUF
�FEVDBÎÍP�F�JOEÞTUSJB�TJEFSÞSHJDB
�F�BDPSEPT�DPNFSDJBJT
�OP�NPOUBOUF�EF�64������
NJMIÜFT
�VNB�QBSUF�DPN�GJOBODJBNFOUP�BQSPWBEP�QFMP�#BODP�/BDJPOBM�EF�%FTFOWPMWJNFOUP�
&DPOÙNJDP�F�4PDJBM�	#/%&4
�PVUSB�DPN�SFDVSTPT�QSJWBEPT�EF�FNQSFTBT�CSBTJMFJSBT
�UBJT�DPNP�
P�(SVQP�#SBTJMJOWFTU�F�B�DPOTUSVUPSB�$BTB�'PSNB�	64������NJMIÜFT
�QBSB�B�DPOTUSVÎÍP�EF�
RVBUSP�SFTPSUT�FN�$VCB��&OUSF���F���EF�EF[FNCSP
�BDPNQBOIBEP�QFMP�QSFTJEFOUF�EB�$PNJTTÍP�EF�
3FQSFTFOUBOUFT�1FSNBOFOUFT�EP�.FSDPTVM
�&EVBSEP�%VIBMEF
�FMF�WJTJUPV�DJODP�QBÓTFT�ÈSBCFT�o��
&NJSBEPT�«SBCFT�6OJEPT�o�&"6
�4ÓSJB
�-ÓCBOP
�&HJUP�F�-ÓCJB��&
�NPTUSBOEP�NBJT�VNB�WF[�P�
JOUVJUP�EF�TPMJEJGJDBS�B�JOUFHSBÎÍP�DPN�B�"SHFOUJOB
�OP�.FSDPTVM
�WJTJUPV�B�¶OEJB
�FN����EF�
KBOFJSP�EF�����
�BDPNQBOIBEP
�BJOEB
�QPS�&EVBSEP�%VIBMEF��
"� FTUSBUÏHJB� EF� QPMÓUJDB� FYUFSJPS� EP� HPWFSOP� EF� -VMB� EB� 4JMWB� DPOTJTUJV
� BTTJN
� FN�
DPOTUSVJS
� QSJNPSEJBMNFOUF
� WÓODVMPT� FTUSFJUPT� EF� DPPQFSBÎÍP� QPMÓUJDB� F� FDPOÙNJDB� FOUSF�
#SBTJM�F�"SHFOUJOB
�WJTBOEP�B�GPSKBS
�B�NÏEJP�QSB[P
�VN�QØMP�EF�QPEFS
�OB�"NÏSJDB�EP�4VM
�
F�CVTDBS
�BP�NFTNP�UFNQP
�FTUBCFMFDFS�VNB�BMJBOÎB
�UBOUP�FDPOÙNJDB�F�DPNFSDJBM�RVBOUP�
QPMÓUJDB
�DPN�B�¶OEJB�F�«GSJDB�EP�4VM
�MÓEFSFT�EPT�QBÓTFT�FN�WJBT�EF�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP
�RVF�
BSUJDVMBSBN�P�(����QBSB� PCTUBS� B� RVF� BT� QPUÐODJBT� JOEVTUSJBJT
� &TUBEPT�6OJEPT� F�6OJÍP�
&VSPQÏJB
� JNQVTFTTFN� TFVT� JOUFSFTTFT
� EVSBOUF� BT� OFHPDJBÎÜFT� EB� 0.$
� SFBMJ[BEBT� FN�
$BODÞO��&TTF�CMPDP�EF�QBÓTFT�FN�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP�EFWFSJB�UBNCÏN�BCSBOHFS�B�$IJOB�F�B�
3ÞTTJB
�QBÓTFT�DPN�PT�RVBJT�P�#SBTJM�QSFUFOEJB
�JHVBMNFOUF
�BQSPGVOEBS�BT�SFMBÎÜFT�DPNFSDJBJT�
F�QPMÓUJDBT
�B�GJN�EF�DPORVJTUBS�OPWPT�NFSDBEPT�F�EJWFSTJGJDBS�TVBT�FYQPSUBÎÜFT��/ÍP�TF�USBUBWB�
EF� IPTUJMJ[BS� PV� BGSPOUBS� PT� &TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�NBT� EF�NVEBS� B� iHFPHSBGJB� EB� OFHPDJBÎÍP�
DPNFSDJBMw
�DPNP�EJTTF�P�DIBODFMFS�$FMTP�"NPSJN
�F�OFHPDJBS�EF�GPSNB�
FRVJMJCSBEB
�EFGFOEFOEP�PT�JOUFSFTTFT�EP�#SBTJM���
"�DPOUFOEB�FOUSF�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�EFDPSSFV�OÍP�EF�VNB�
QPTJÎÍP�JEFPMØHJDB�EP�HPWFSOP�EF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB
�NBT�EB�DPOUSBEJÎÍP�FOUSF�PT�
JOUFSFTTFT�SFBJT�EPT�EPJT�QBÓTFT��1PS�NPUJWPT�EF�QPMÓUJDB�EPNÏTUJDB
�PT�&TUBEPT�
6OJEPT�OÍP�BDFJUBWBN�EJNJOVJS�P� TVCTÓEJP�EPT�QSPEVUPT�RVF�FYQPSUBWBN�
QBSB�P�#SBTJM
�F�OÍP�EBWBN�DPNQFOTBÎÜFT�FN�BDFTTP�B�NFSDBEPT�QBSB�QSPEVUPT�
BHSÓDPMBT�EP�.FSDPTVM��&� TFV� JOUFSFTTF�OB� GPSNBÎÍP�EB�"MDB�OÍP�DPOTJTUJB�
FN�SFEV[JS�BT�CBSSFJSBT�UBSJGÈSJBT
�NBT�FN�GPSÎBS�CBTJDBNFOUF�B�BCFSUVSB�EF�
TFUPSFT�FTUSBUÏHJDPT
�DPNP�BT�DPNQSBT�HPWFSOBNFOUBJT�F�TFSWJÎPT
�EF�NPEP�
RVF�QVEFTTFN�DPOUJOVBS�B�PCUFS�TVQFSÈWJUT�OBT�TVBT�USBOTBÎÜFT�DPN�PT�QBÓTFT�EP�.FSDPTVM��
&TTFT�UFNBT
�B�GJN�EF�FWJUBS�RVF�TF�SFQFUJTTF�OB�SFVOJÍP�EF�.JBNJ�P�GJBTDP�EF�$BODÞO
�GPSBN�
USBOTGFSJEPT�QBSB�QPTUFSJPS�EJTDVTTÍP�OB�0.$�F�TF�FTUBCFMFDFV�VN�BDPSEP�FN�UPSOP�EB�"MDB�
-JHIU
�DPOGPSNF�P�#SBTJM�QSPQVTFSB��
&OUSFUBOUP
�OB�SFVOJÍP�EF�1VFCMB
�OP�.ÏYJDP
�RVF�TF�SFBMJ[PV�FOUSF���F���EF�GFWFSFJSP�
QBSB�QSPTTFHVJS�DPN�BT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT
�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�SPNQFOEP�P�BDPSEP�EF�.JBNJ�F�
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
h!฀CONTENDA฀ENTRE฀O฀
"RASIL฀E฀OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀
DECORREU฀NÎO฀DE฀UMA฀
POSI ÎO฀IDEOLØGICA฀DO฀
GOVERNO฀DE฀,ULA฀DA฀3ILVA�฀
MAS฀DA฀CONTRADI ÎO฀ENTRE฀
OS฀INTERESSES฀REAIS฀฀
DOS฀DOIS฀PAÓSESv
�� \
MJEFSBOEP�VN�HSVQP�EF����QBÓTFT
�FOUSF�PT�RVBJT�$BOBEÈ
�.ÏYJDP
�$IJMF�F�PT�EB�"NÏSJDB�
$FOUSBM� F� $BSJCF� 	(���
� WPMUBSBN� B� JOTJTUJS� FN� VNB� "MDB� iBCSBOHFOUFw
� DPN� PT� JUFOT�
SFMBUJWPT�B�DPNQSBT�HPWFSOBNFOUBJT
�JOWFTUJNFOUPT
�TFSWJÎPT�F�QSPQSJFEBEF�JOUFMFDUVBM
�TFN�
RVF�BDFJUBTTFN�FMJNJOBS�PT�TVCTÓEJPT�F�TVCTÓEJPT�JOEJSFUPT�ËT�FYQPSUBÎÜFT�BHSÓDPMBT�o�DSÏEJUPT�
F�TFHVSPT�o�CFN�DPNP�OBEB�QSPQVTFSBN�QBSB�PT�PVUSPT�UFNBT�RVF�P�.FSDPTVM�DPOTJEFSBWB�
JNQPSUBOUFT�� DSÏEJUPT
� TFHVSPT� F� BKVEB� JOUFSOB�� 0� TFDSFUÈSJP� EF� 3FMBÎÜFT� &DPOÙNJDBT�
*OUFSOBDJPOBJT�EB�"SHFOUJOB
�.BSUÓO�3FESBEP
�BEWFSUJV�RVF�P�ÐYJUP�PV�P�GSBDBTTP�EB�SFVOJÍP�
EF�1VFCMB�EFQFOEJB�EB�WPOUBEF�EF�OFHPDJBÎÍP�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�VNB�WF[�RVF�P�.FSDPTVM�
K�IBWJB�DFEJEP�CBTUBOUF
�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�OÍP�IBWJBN�iNPWJEP�VOB�TPMB�DPNB�FO�TV�QPTJDJØO�
BHSÓDPMBw����&
�iTJO�BHSJDVMUVSB�OP�IBZ�BDVFSEPw���EJTTFSBN�.BSUÓO�3FESBEP�F�P�DP�QSFTJEFOUF�
EBT� OFHPDJBÎÜFT
� P� FNCBJYBEPS� CSBTJMFJSP� "EIFNBS� #BIBEJBO
� RVBOEP� NFEJBWBN� BT�
EFMJCFSBÎÜFT����&TUB�FSB�VNB�DPOEJÎÍP�JOBNPWÓWFM��#FN�P�DIBODFMFS�$FMTP�"NPSJN�BEWFSUJSB�
RVF
�TF�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�RVJTFTTFN�GPSÎBS�EFNBJT
�OBEB�JSJBN�DPOTFHVJS
�OFN�DPN�P�#SBTJM�
OFN�DPN�PVUSPT�QBÓTFT�EB�"NÏSJDB�EP�4VM����$PN�FGFJUP
�B�SFVOJÍP�EF�1VFCMB�UFSNJOPV�FN�
VN�GJBTDP
�DPNP�B�EF�$BODÞO
�F�BT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�TPCSF�B�"MDB�DIFHBSBN�B�VN�JNQBTTF
�EJGÓDJM�
EF�TVQFSBS�BU�����
�QSB[P�QBSB�P�TFV�FODFSSBNFOUP
�FTUBCFMFDJEP�FN��������
"T�UFOTÜFT�OP�SFMBDJPOBNFOUP�EF�#SBTÓMJB�DPN�8BTIJOHUPO�OÍP�TF�SFTUSJOHJSBN
�OP�FOUBOUP
�
ËT�OFHPDJBÎÜFT�TPCSF�B�"MDB�PV�Ë�JNQPTJÎÍP�BPT�UVSJTUBT�BNFSJDBOPT�EP�NFTNP�USBUBNFOUP�B�RVF�
TFSJBN�TVCNFUJEPT�PT�CSBTJMFJSPT�FN�WJBHFN�BPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�DPN�B�WJHÐODJB�EP�64�7*4*5�
	6OJUFE�4UBUFT�7JTJUPS�BOE�*NNJHSBOU�4UBUVT�*OEJDBUPS�5FDIOPMPHZ
�P�QSPHSBNB�EF�JEFOUJGJDBÎÍP�
EPT�WJTJUBOUFT
�QPS�NFJP�EF�GPUPHSBGJBT�F�TJTUFNBT�DPNQVUBEPSJ[BEPT�EF�SFDPOIFDJNFOUP�EF�GBDF�F�
EJHJUBJT
�FTUBCFMFDJEP�QFMP�HPWFSOP�EF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI��"�NFEJEB�EFUFSNJOBEB�QFMP�KVJ[�GFEFSBM�
+VMJFS�4FCBTUJÍP�EB�4JMWB�UFWF�FOPSNF�JNQBDUP�QPMÓUJDP�F�DPOUPV�DPN�P�BQPJP�EF�����EB�PQJOJÍP�
QÞCMJDB�CSBTJMFJSB��&
�BUSBWÏT�EF�1PSUBSJB�*OUFSNJOJTUFSJBM�O��������
�BTTJOBEB�QFMPT�NJOJTUSPT�EB�
+VTUJÎB�F�3FMBÎÜFT�&YUFSJPSFT
�.ÈSDJP�5IPNB[�#BTUPT�F�$FMTP�"NPSJN
�SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF
�F�QFMP�
BEWPHBEP�HFSBM�EB�6OJÍP
�«MWBSP�"VHVTUP�3JCFJSP�$PTUB
�P�HPWFSOP�NBOUFWF�B�JEFOUJGJDBÎÍP�EPT�
BNFSJDBOPT
�FN�UPEPT�PT�QPSUPT�NBSÓUJNPT
�BFSPQPSUPT�F�SPEPWJBT��
&N� TFHVJEB
� -VMB� EB� 4JMWB� WJBKPV� QBSB� QBSUJDJQBS� EB� $ÞQVMB�
&YUSBPSEJOÈSJB�EBT�"NÏSJDBT
�OPT�EJBT����F����EF�KBOFJSP
�FN�.POUFSSFZ
�
OP�.ÏYJDP
� POEF� DPOWFSTPV� DPN�(FPSHF�8�� #VTI� TPCSF� B� RVFTUÍP� EB�
PCSJHBUPSJFEBEF�EF�JEFOUJGJDBÎÍP�	GPUPHSÈGJDB�F�EBUJMPTDØQJDB
�EF�CSBTJMFJSPT�
F� BNFSJDBOPT
� F� FOUSFHPV�MIF� VN� EPDVNFOUP� FN� RVF� QSPQVOIB� B�
FMJNJOBÎÍP�EB�FYJHÐODJB�EF�WJTUP�QBSB�B�FOUSBEB�EF�CSBTJMFJSPT�OPT�&TUBEPT�
6OJEPT
�P�RVF�FMJNJOBSJB�JEÐOUJDB�FYJHÐODJB�QBSB�P�JOHSFTTP�EPT�BNFSJDBOPT�
OP�#SBTJM�� i4F� FTUBNPT�RVFSFOEP� JOUFHSBÎÍP�EBT�"NÏSJDBT� Ï�OBUVSBM� RVF�
UFOIB� RVF� IBWFS� OÍP� EJGJDVMEBEFT
� NBT� GBDJMJEBEFT� QBSB� BT� QFTTPBTw� o��
DPNFOUPV�$FMTP�"NPSJN��%F� GBUP
� B� BQMJDBÎÍP�EP�QSPHSBNB�64�7*4*5�
FWJEFODJBSB�B�EVCJFEBEF�EP�HPWFSOP�BNFSJDBOP
�RVF�RVJT�JOTUJUVJS�B�ÈSFB�EF�
MJWSF�DPNÏSDJP
�QFSNJUJOEP�B�MJWSF�DJSDVMBÎÍP�EF�CFOT
�DBQJUBJT�F�TFSWJÎPT
�
NBT
�BP�NFTNP�UFNQP
�EJTDSJNJOBWB�P�#SBTJM�F�PT�QBÓTFT�EB�"NÏSJDB�-BUJOB��
®�NFTNB�ÏQPDB
�PVUSB�ÈSFB�EF�DPOGMJUP�DPN�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�DPOGJHVSPV�TF��0�#SBTJM�
FTUBWB�B�DPOWFSUFS�TF�OP�TÏUJNP�QBÓT�B�QSPEV[JS�VSÉOJP�FOSJRVFDJEP��
�FN�FTDBMB�JOEVTUSJBM
�
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
h!S฀TENSÜES฀NO฀
RELACIONAMENTO฀DE฀"RASÓLIA฀
COM฀7ASHINGTON฀NÎO฀SE฀
RESTRINGIRAM�฀NO฀ENTANTO�฀
ÌS฀NEGOCIA ÜES฀SOBRE฀฀
A฀!LCA฀OU฀Ì฀IMPOSI ÎO฀
AOS฀TURISTAS฀AMERICANOS฀
DO฀MESMO฀TRATAMENTO฀A฀
QUE฀SERIAM฀SUBMETIDOS฀OS฀
BRASILEIROS฀EM฀VIAGEM฀AOS฀
%STADOS฀5NIDOSv
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
DPN�DBQBDJEBEF�QBSB�TVQSJS�����EBT�OFDFTTJEBEFT�EF�TVBT�VTJOBT�OVDMFBSFT
�F�FYQPSUBS�BU�
64����
��NJMIÜFT�BP�BOP
�B�QBSUJS�EF�����
�DPOGPSNF�P�QSFTJEFOUF�EB�$PNJTTÍP�/BDJPOBM�
EF� &OFSHJB� /VDMFBS� o� $/&/
� 0MEBJS� %JBT� (POÎBMWFT
� BOVODJBSB� FN�
PVUVCSP�EF��������
&�FN�EF[FNCSP�EF�����
�B�"HÐODJB�*OUFSOBDJPOBM�EF�&OFSHJB�"UÙNJDB�
	"JFB
�FODPSBKBEB�QFMP�%FQBSUBNFOUP�EF�&TUBEP
�DPNFÎPV�B�QSFTTJPOÈ�MP�
QBSB�RVF� GJSNBTTF�VN�BDPSEP�EF� TBMWBHVBSEB
�RVF�DPCSJTTF�BT� JOTUBMBÎÜFT�
EB� FNQSFTB� FTUBUBM� *OEÞTUSJBT� /VDMFBSFT� EP� #SBTJM� 	*/#
� FN� 3FTFOEF�
&TUBEP� EP�3JP� EF� +BOFJSP�� �/P� QSJNFJSP� TFNFTUSF� EF� ����
� PT� &TUBEPT�
6OJEPT�JOUFOTJGJDBSBN�BT�QSFTTÜFT�QBSB�RVF�P�#SBTJM�BEFSJTTF�B�VN�FTQFDÓGJDP�
1SPUPDPMP� "EJDJPOBM� BP� BDPSEP� EF� TBMWBHVBSEBT� EP� 5/1
� EBOEP� BPT�
JOTQFUPSFT�EB�"JFB�NBJPS�BVUPSJEBEF�QBSB�GB[FS�WFSJGJDBÎÜFT� JOUSVTJWBT�OP�
TFV�QSPHSBNB�OVDMFBS��&TTF�1SPUPDPMP�"EJDJPOBM
�RVF�FTUBWB�FN�OFHPDJBÎÍP�
EFTEF�����
�TFSJB�WPMVOUÈSJP
�NBT�B�"JFB�QSFUFOEFV�GB[�MP�JNQPTJUJWP�F�JS�
BMÏN�EB�QSÈUJDB�SFHVMBS
�RVF�QFSNJUJB�B�WFSJGJDBÎÍP�EF�UPEPT�PT�BTQFDUPT�EP�
FOSJRVFDJNFOUP�EF�VSÉOJP
�TBMWP�TVB�UFDOPMPHJB��
&YJHJB� UBNCÏN� RVF� P� #SBTJM� TVTQFOEFTTF� UPEPT� PT� QSPHSBNBT� EF�
FOSJRVFDJNFOUP� PV� EF� SFQSPDFTTBNFOUP
� RVF� KÈ� IPVWFTTF� DPNFÎBEP
�
F� QFSNJUJTTF� UBOUBT� JOTQFÎÜFT� RVBOUP� GPTTFN� BSCJUSBEBT
� OÍP� BQFOBT� OBT�
JOTUBMBÎÜFT�OVDMFBSFT
�NBT� FN�RVBMRVFS�QBSUF�EP� UFSSJUØSJP� DPOTJEFSBEB� TVTQFJUB�o�P�RVF�
JODMVÓB�SFTJEÐODJBT�QBSUJDVMBSFT
�TF�BTTJN�GPTTF�EFDJEJEP
�SFTQPOEFOEP�B�RVBMRVFS�QFSHVOUB�
SFMBDJPOBEB� DPN� B� RVFTUÍP�� %F� DPOGPSNJEBEF� DPN� B� EPVUSJOB� EF� (FPSHF� 8�� #VTI
�
BOVODJBEB� FN� ��� EF� GFWFSFJSP� EF� ����
� PT� QBÓTFT� RVF� BUÏ� FOUÍP� OÍP� QSPEV[JBN� VSÉOJP�
FOSJRVFDJEP�OÍP� FTUBSJBN�BVUPSJ[BEPT� B� GB[Ð�MP��"QFOBT�P�#SBTJM
� FOUSFUBOUP
� TFSJB�
BGFUBEP�F�QSFKVEJDBEP�DPN�B�BEFTÍP�BP�1SPUPDPMP�"EJDJPOBM
�QPSRVBOUP�FSB
�FOUSF�
PT� TJHOBUÈSJPT� EP�5/1
� P� ÞOJDP� QBÓT
� DPN� VNB� JOEÞTUSJB� OVDMFBS� DBQB[� EF�
QSPEV[JS�VSÉOJP�FOSJRVFDJEP��
&TTF� QSPCMFNB� FWJEFODJPV� BJOEB� NBJT� P� FOPSNF� FSSP� DPNFUJEP� QFMP�
HPWFSOP�EF�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP
�MFWBOEP�P�#SBTJM�B�BDFJUBS�P�5/1
�BP�
RVBM�¶OEJB
�1BRVJTUÍP�F�*TSBFM�OÍP�BEFSJSBN�F�BT�HSBOEFT�
QPUÐODJBT
� OPUBEBNFOUF� PT� &TUBEPT� 6OJEPT
� FTUBWBN� B�
WJPMBS
� OÍP� DVNQSJOEP� P� QSPHSBNB� EF� EFTBSNBNFOUP�
F� QSPEV[JOEP� OPWBT� BSNBT� OVDMFBSFT�� &OUSFUBOUP
�
B� SFTJTUÐODJB� EP�#SBTJM� BOUF� BT� JOTQFÎÜFT� JOUSVTJWBT�
QSFUFOEJEBT�QFMB�"JFB�EFV�PSJHFN�B�JOUSJHBT
�BUSBWÏT�
EF� BMHVOT� NFJPT� EF� DPNVOJDBÎÍP
� EJGVOEJOEP�TF�
B� TVTQFJUB� EF� RVF� FMF� FTUBSJB� QSFUFOEFOEP� UBNCÏN�
GBCSJDBS� BSNBNFOUPT� OVDMFBSFT�� 5IF� 8BTIJOHUPO� 1PTU�
QVCMJDPV�VN�BSUJHP
�OP�RVBM�DPOTJEFSPV�RVF�B�BUJUVEF�EP�#SBTJM
�BP�
OÍP�QFSNJUJS�RVF�PT�JOTQFUPSFT�EB�"JFB�FYBNJOBTTFN�BT�JOTUBMBÎÜFT�
OVDMFBSFT�FN�3FTFOEF
�HFSBWB�SFDFJP�EF�RVF�iB�OFX�UZQF�PG�OVDMFBS�
SBDF�JT�VOEFSXBZ
�NBSLFE�OPU�CZ�UIF�CPME�QVSTVJU�PG�BUPNJD�XFBQPOT�CVU�
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
h%SSE฀PROBLEMA฀EVIDENCIOU฀
AINDA฀MAIS฀O฀ENORME฀ERRO฀
COMETIDO฀PELO฀GOVERNO฀
DE฀&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE฀
#ARDOSO�฀LEVANDO฀O฀"RASIL฀
A฀ACEITAR฀O฀4.0�฀AO฀QUAL฀
·NDIA�฀0AQUISTÎO฀E฀)SRAEL฀
NÎO฀ADERIRAM฀E฀AS฀GRANDES฀
POTÐNCIAS�฀NOTADAMENTE฀
OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS�฀
ESTAVAM฀A฀VIOLAR�฀NÎO฀
CUMPRINDO฀O฀PROGRAMA฀
DE฀DESARMAMENTO฀E฀
PRODUZINDO฀NOVAS฀฀
ARMAS฀NUCLEARESv
�� \
CZ�UIF�RVJFU�BOE�MBXGVM�EFWFMPQNFOU�PG�TPQIJTUJDBUFE�UFDIOPMPHZ�GPS�OVDMFBS�FOFSHZ�QSPEVDUJPO
�
XIJDI�DBO�CF�RVJDLMZ�DPOWFSUFE�JOUP�B�XFBQPOT�QSPHSBNw����
0�BSUJDVMJTUB
�1FUFS�4MFWJO
�BTTJOBMPV�RVF�P�QSPKFUP�EP�#SBTJM�DSJBWB�UBNCÏN�VN�EJMFNB�
QBSB�P�QSFTJEFOUF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI
�RVF�QBTTBSB�B�FYJHJS�SFTUSJÎÜFT�NBJT�SJHPSPTBT�TPCSF�P�FO�
SJRVFDJNFOUP�EF�VSÉOJP
�NFTNP�QBSB�QSPEVÎÍP�EF�FOFSHJB�FMÏUSJDB
�DPNP�QBSUF�EB�OPWB�FT�
USBUÏHJB� EF� JNQFEJS� B� QSPMJGFSBÎÍP� EF� BSNBNFOUPT� OVDMFBSFT���� 1PS� TVB� WF[
�-B� /BDJØO
� EF�
#VFOPT�"JSFT
�DPNFOUPV
�FN�FEJUPSJBM
�RVF�B�iJOFTQFSBEB�OPUJDJBw�EF�RVF�P�#SBTJM�OÍP�BVUP�
SJ[BSJB� PT� JOTQFUPSFT� EB�"JFB� B� JOTQFDJPOBS� B� VTJOB�EF� FOSJRVFDJNFOUP�EF�VSÉOJP
� IBWJB� HF�
SBEP� iDPNQSFFOTJCMF� JORVJFUVEw���� &� BP� BTTJOBMBS� B� FYJTUÐODJB� EF� iUFNPSFT� FO� SFMBDJØO� DPO� MBT��
DPTUPTBT�DFOUSÓGVHBT�CSBTJMF×BTw
�JODMVTJWF
�TFHVOEP�BMHVOT�DÓSDVMPT
�P�QFSJHP�EF�RVF�FTTBT�DFOUSÓ�
GVHBT�QVEFTTFN�UFS�BMHVNB�DPOFYÍP�iDPO�MB�BDUJWJEBE�EFM�EPDUPS�"CEVM�2BEFFS�,IBO
�B�RVJFO�TF�
JNQVUB�FM�IBCFS�WFOEJEP�JMFHBMNFOUF�TFDSFUPT�DJFOUÓGJDPT�B�*SÈO
�-JCJB�Z�o�BDBTP�o�B�$PSFB�EFM�/PSUFw
�
GPSNVMPV�WÈSJBT�QFSHVOUBT
�OBT�RVBJT�USBOTQBSFDFV�P�JOUVJUP�EF�HFSBS�EFTDPOGJBOÎB�F�TVTQFJUB��
i{$POPDF� MB�"SHFOUJOB�FM�QSPHSBNB�BM�RVF�OP� UFOES�BDDFTP� MB�"HFODJB�*OUFSOBDJPOBM�EF�
&OFSHÓB�"UØNJDB �{5JFOFO�MBT�BVUPSJEBEFT�BSHFOUJOBT�JOGPSNBDJØO�TVGJDJFOUF�TPCSF�MBT�DFOUSÓGVHBT�
CSBTJMF×BT
�DPO�MBT�TBMWBHVBSEJBT�EF�DPOGJEFODJBMJEBE�RVF�TPO�OFDFTBSJBT w����
1PS�USÈT�EFTTB�DBNQBOIB�DPOUSB�B�BUJUVEF�EP�HPWFSOP�EF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�IBWJB
�DFSUBNFOUF
�
UBOUP�JOUFSFTTF�FDPOÙNJDP�RVBOUP
�JHVBMNFOUF
�QPMÓUJDP�F�NJMJUBS�FTUSBUÏHJDP��0�#SBTJM
�DPN�
B�TFYUB�NBJPS�SFTFSWB�NVOEJBM�EF�VSÉOJP�F�UFDOPMPHJB�QSØQSJB
�DPNFSDJBMNFOUF�DPNQFUJUJWB
�
EFNPOTUSPV�RVF�QPEJB�BMDBOÎBS�B�BVUPOPNJB�OB�QSPEVÎÍP�EP�DPNCVTUÓWFM�OVDMFBS
�GPOUF�EF�
FOFSHJB�EB�NBJPS�JNQPSUÉODJB
�BOUF�B�QFSTQFDUJWB�EF�FTHPUBNFOUP�EBT�SFTFSWBT�NVOEJBJT�EF�
QFUSØMFP
�BJOEB�OB�QSJNFJSB�NFUBEF�EP�TÏDVMP�99*
�F�OÍP�NBJT�OFDFTTJUBWB�SFNFUFS�P�NJOÏSJP�
CSVUP�QBSB�DPOWFSUFS�TF�FN�HÈT�OP�$BOBEÈ�F
�EFQPJT
�TFHVJS�QBSB�B�&VSPQB
�
POEF�B�6SFODP�P�FOSJRVFDJB�F�P�EFWPMWJB�FN�GPSNB�EF�HÈT�QBSB�VUJMJ[BÎÍP�
OBT�VTJOBT�"OHSB�*�F�"OHSB�**��
%FJYBSJB� EF� TFS� FYQPSUBEPS� EP� NJOÏSJP� F� QBTTBSJB� B� EFTFNQFOIBS�
JNQPSUBOUF�QBQFM�DPNP�HMPCBM�QMBZFS
�OP�CJMJPOÈSJP�NFSDBEP�EF�DPNCVTUÓWFM�
OVDMFBS
� DPNP� WJSUVBM� DPODPSSFOUF� EPT� &TUBEPT� 6OJEPT�� 0� DPNBOEP� EB�
.BSJOIB
�SFTQPOTÈWFM�QFMBT�VMUSBDFOUSÓGVHBT�QBSB�FOSJRVFDJNFOUP�EF�VSÉOJP
�
F�BT�BHÐODJBT�CSBTJMFJSBT�EP�TFUPS�BEWFSUJSBN�P�HPWFSOP�EF�RVF�QPS�USÈT�EBT�
QSFTTÜFT�EB�"JFB
�BUSÈT�EBT�RVBJT�P�%FQBSUBNFOUP�EF�&TUBEP�TF�NPWJB
�QPEFSJB�
FYJTUJS�P�PCKFUJWP�EF�FTQJPOBHFN�EB�UFDOPMPHJB�EF�QPOUB�EFTFOWPMWJEB�QFMP�
#SBTJM�F�DPOTJEFSBEB�TVQFSJPS��BNFSJDBOB�F�� GSBODFTB��&�P�WJDF�BMNJSBOUF�
0UIPO�-��1��EB�4JMWB
�OB�SFTFSWB
�BQPOUPV�P�NPUJWP�FTUSBUÏHJDP�NJMJUBS�RVF�
EFUFSNJOBWB�BT�QSFTTÜFT�EFTFODBEFBEBT�QFMPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT����
&TDMBSFDFV�RVF�PT�BSUFGBUPT�CÏMJDPT�OVDMFBSFT�QPEJBN�TFS�DMBTTJGJDBEPT�
EF�EVBT�GPSNBT��PT�EF�EFTUSVJÎÍP�FN�NBTTB�F�PT�JOJCJEPSFT�EF�DPODFOUSBÎÍP�
EF� GPSÎBT��"SNBT�EF�EFTUSVJÎÍP� FN�NBTTB� FSBN�BT�EF� GVTÍP� 	CPNCBT�EF�
IJESPHÐOJP
� F� BT� EF� GJTTÍP� EF� NBJPS� QPSUF�� "T� EF� CBJYB� QPUÐODJB� FSBN�
JOJCJEPSBT
�QPJT�RVBMRVFS�PQFSBÎÍP�NJMJUBS�QBSB� JOWBTÍP�PV�PDVQBÎÍP�EF�
VN�UFSSJUØSJP�JNQMJDBWB�B�QSÏWJB�DPODFOUSBÎÍP�EF�GPSÎBT��"�FYJTUÐODJB�EF�BSUFGBUPT�OVDMFBSFT�
EF�CBJYB�QPUÐODJB�OP�UFSSJUØSJP�BMWP
�DPN�VN�WFUPS�BEFRVBEP�EF�MBOÎBNFOUP
�GVODJPOBSJB�
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
h/฀COMANDO฀DA฀-ARINHA�฀
RESPONSÉVEL฀PELAS฀
ULTRACENTRÓFUGAS฀PARA฀
ENRIQUECIMENTO฀DE฀URÊNIO�฀
E฀AS฀AGÐNCIAS฀BRASILEIRAS฀DO฀
SETOR฀ADVERTIRAM฀O฀GOVERNO฀
DE฀QUE฀POR฀TRÉS฀DAS฀
PRESSÜES฀DA฀!IEA�฀ATRÉS฀฀
DAS฀QUAIS฀O฀$EPARTAMENTO฀
DE฀%STADO฀SE฀MOVIA�฀
PODERIA฀EXISTIR฀O฀OBJETIVO฀
DE฀ESPIONAGEM฀DA฀
TECNOLOGIA฀DE฀PONTA฀
DESENVOLVIDA฀PELO฀"RASIL฀
E฀CONSIDERADA฀SUPERIOR฀Ì฀
AMERICANA฀E฀Ì฀FRANCESAv
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
DPNP�QPEFSPTP� JOJCJEPS
� F�PCWJBNFOUF�OÍP�BHSBEBWBN�BPT�iQBÓTFT�RVF� UÐN�DPNP�PQÎÍP�
QPMÓUJDB�QFSNBOFOUF�B�JOUFSWFOÎÍP�NJMJUBS�o�JOEFQFOEFOUFNFOUF�EB�BQSPWBÎÍP�EB�0/6w���
"�FYJTUÐODJB�EF�VNB�VTJOB�EF� FOSJRVFDJNFOUP�EF�VSÉOJP�EJNJOVJ�P�
UFNQP�FOUSF�B�EFOÞODJB�EF�UPEPT�PT�BDPSEPT�F�USBUBEPT�KÈ�DFMFCSBEPT
�F�B�
FWFOUVBM�GBCSJDBÎÍP�EF�BSUFGBUPT
�J�F�
�NBLJOH�OVDMFBS�XFBQPO�PO�TIPSU�OPUJDF��
4FHVOEP�P�WJDF�BMNJSBOUF�0UIPO�-��1��EB�4JMWB
�B�JOUFOÎÍP�EP�QSFTJEFOUF�
(FPSHF�8��#VTI�EF�SFJOJDJBS�UFTUFT�OVDMFBSFT�F�EFTFOWPMWFS�OPWB�HFSBÎÍP�
EF�QFRVFOPT�BSUFGBUPT�DPN�P�PCKFUJWP�EF�VTÈ�MPT�EF�GPSNB�iDJSÞSHJDBw
�BU�
NFTNP�DPOUSB�QBÓTFT�OÍP�OVDMFBSFT
�FSB�QSFPDVQBOUF�QBSB�P�NVOEP��&�UBJT�
BUJUVEFT�TPNBEBT�B�BHSFTTÜFT
�TFN�P�SFTQBMEP�EP�$POTFMIP�EF�4FHVSBOÎB�
EB�0/6
� DPNP� BDPOUFDFV� DPN� P� *SBRVF
� DPOTUJUVÓBN� GPSUF� FTUÓNVMP� Ë�
QSPMJGFSBÎÍP� OVDMFBS
� QSJODJQBMNFOUF� OPT� QBÓTFT� JTMÉNJDPT� DPN� PT� RVBJT�
IBWJB�QPUFODJBM�EF�DPOGSPOUBÎÍP��
%JWFSTPT� NPUJWPT� UJOIB
� QPSUBOUP
� P� #SBTJM� QBSB� OÍP� QFSNJUJS� P� UJQP� EF� JOTQFÎÜFT�JOUSVTJWBT�RVF�B�"JFB�FTUBWB�B�QSFUFOEFS��&�B�QFSTQFDUJWB�FSB�EF�RVF�B�RVFTUÍP�TF�SFBCSJTTF�FN�
����
�EVSBOUF�B�DPOGFSÐODJB�EF�&YBNF�EP�5SBUBEP�EF�/ÍP�1SPMJGFSBÎÍP�EF�"SNBT�/VDMFBSFT
�
QPTTJCJMJUBOEP�RVF�P�#SBTJM�EFOVODJBTTF�RVF�BT�DJODP�QPUÐODJBT�OVDMFBSFT�	&TUBEPT�6OJEPT
�
3ÞTTJB
� *OHMBUFSSB
�'SBOÎB�F�$IJOB
�OÍP�FTUBWBN�B�DVNQSJS�P�iDPNQSPNJTTP� JOFRVÓWPDPw�
RVBOUP�Ë�FMJNJOBÎÍP�UPUBM�EF�TFVT�BSTFOBJT�BUÙNJDPT�
0VUSPT� BDPOUFDJNFOUPT
� FOUSFNFOUFT
� DPODPSSFSBN� QBSB� DPOUVSCBS� BJOEB� NBJT� BT�
SFMBÎÜFT� CJMBUFSBJT� FOUSF� P� #SBTJM� F� PT� &TUBEPT� 6OJEPT
� QBSB� P� RVBM� P� QSPCMFNB� QSJODJQBM�
DPOTUJUVÓB�B�QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS��0�DIBODFMFS
�FNCBJYBEPS�$FMTP�"NPSJN
�PCUFWF�PVUSB�WJUØSJB�
DPN�B�EFDJTÍP�EB�0.$
�OB�RVFTUÍP�EPT�TVCTÓEJPT�BPT�QSPEVUPSFT�EF�BMHPEÍP
�RVF�DBVTBWBN�
QFSEBT�DPNFSDJBJT�BP�#SBTJM�EB�PSEFN�EF�64������NJMIÜFT��%VSBOUF�BVEJÐODJB�OB�)PVTF�PG�
3FQSFTFOUBUJWFT�"HSJDVMUVSF�$PNNJUUFF
�FN����EF�BCSJM�EF�����
�P�6453�o�6OJUFE�4UBUFT�5SBEF�
3FQSFTFOUBUJWF�o�3PCFSU�;PFMMJDL�EFDMBSPV�RVF�JSJB�SFDPSSFS�EB�EFDJTÍP
�NBT�EJWFSTPT�EFQVUBEPT�
SFDPOIFDFSBN�RVF�PT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�UFSJBN�EF�EFTJTUJS�EB�"MDB
�TF�P�WFSFEJDUP�GPTTF�NBOUJEP
�
BP�GJN�EB�EJTQVUB��0�EFQVUBEP�3PCFSU�&UIFSJEHF�	EFNPDSBUB
�$BSPMJOB�EP�4VM
�BEWFSUJV�RVF
�
TF�B�EFDJTÍP�QSFWBMFDFTTF
�TFSJB�iVNB�QFSEB�EF�UFNQPw�MFWBS�B�"MDB�QBSB�B�WPUBÎÍP�OP�$POHSFTTP��
&
� DPNFOUBOEP� B� EFDJTÍP� FN� GBWPS� EP� #SBTJM
� P� EFQVUBEP� #PC�(PPEMBUUF
� QSFTJEFOUF� EP�
$PNNNJUFF�PO�"HSJDVMUVSF
�SFTTBMUPV�RVF�HBOIBS�BDFTTP�QBSB�PT�QSPEVUPT�BHSÓDPMBT�EPT�&TUBEPT�
6OJEPT�FSB�iUIF�NPTU�JNQPSUBOU�PCKFDUJWF�PG�UIF�POHPJOH�850�OFHPUJBUJPOTw����
1PVDP�UFNQP�EFQPJT
�FN���EF�NBJP
�5IF�/FX�:PSL�5JNFT�QVCMJDPV�VN�MPOHP�BSUJHP
�
BTTJOBEP�QFMP�KPSOBMJTUB�-BSSZ�3PIUFS
�OP�RVBM�BUSJCVÓB�BP�1SFTJEFOUF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�P�DPTUVNF�
EF�CFCFS
�SFTTBMUBOEP
�KÈ�OP�UÓUVMP
�RVF�FTTF�DPTUVNF�TF�DPOWFSUJB�FN�QSFPDVQBÎÍP�OBDJPOBM��
0�BSUJHP
�NVJUP�WBHP�F�TFN�RVBMRVFS�GVOEBNFOUP�TÏSJP
�MFWJBOP�F�JOGBNBOUF
�BGJSNPV�RVF�
iB�QSFTJEFOU�T�QSFEJMFDUJPO�GPS�TUSPOH�ESJOLw�FTUBWB�B�BGFUBS�B�QFSGPSNBODF�EP�TFV�HPWFSOP����&�
BJOEB�BDFOUVPV�RVF�IJTUPSJDBNFOUF�PT�CSBTJMFJSPT�UJOIBN�SB[ÍP�EF�GJDBS�QSFPDVQBEPT�BOUF�
RVBMRVFS�TJOBM�EF�iIFBWZ�ESJOLJOH�CZ�UIFJS�QSFTJEFOUTw
�QPJT�+ÉOJP�2VBESPT
�FMFJUP�FN�����
�FSB�
VN�OPUØSJP�BMDPØMBUSB�F�SFOVODJBSB�BP�DBSHP
�EFQPJT�EF�NFOPT�EF�VN�BOP�EF�TVB�JOWFTUJEVSB
�
EBOEP�PSJHFN�B�VN�QFSÓPEP�EF�JOTUBCJMJEBEF�QPMÓUJDB�RVF�iMFE�UP�B�DPVQ�JO������BOE����ZFBST�
PG�B�IBSTI�NJMJUBSZ�EJDUBUPSTIJQw����&TTF�BSUJHP�QSPWPDPV�B�JOEJHOBÎÍP�EP�HPWFSOP�F�B�SFQVMTB�
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
h/฀CHANCELER�฀EMBAIXADOR฀
#ELSO฀!MORIM�฀OBTEVE฀
OUTRA฀VITØRIA฀COM฀A฀DECISÎO฀
DA฀/-#�฀NA฀QUESTÎO฀DOS฀
SUBSÓDIOS฀AOS฀PRODUTORES฀
DE฀ALGODÎO�฀QUE฀CAUSAVAM฀
PERDAS฀COMERCIAIS฀AO฀฀
"RASIL฀DA฀ORDEM฀DE฀53�฀
���฀MILHÜESv
�� \
EF� UPEPT�PT� MÓEFSFT�QPMÓUJDPT
�BUÏ�EB�PQPTJÎÍP
�CFN�DPNP�EB�QSØQSJB� JNQSFOTB�CSBTJMFJSB
�
F�P�QSØQSJP�1SFTJEFOUF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�EFUFSNJOPV�P�DBODFMBNFOUP�EP�WJTUP�EF�USBCBMIP�EF�
3PIUFS
� JNQMJDBOEP�B�TVB�FYQVMTÍP�EP�#SBTJM
�NFEJEB�FTUB�RVF�SFDFCFV�WÈSJBT�DSÓUJDBT�OPT�
NFJPT�QPMÓUJDPT
�FNCPSB�DPOUBTTF�DPN�P�BQPJP�EF�HSBOEF�NBJPSJB�EB�QPQVMBÎÍP�CSBTJMFJSB��
$PNP�%PSB�,SBNFS
�DPMVOJTUB�QPMÓUJDB�EP�+PSOBM�EP�#SBTJM
�PCTFSWPV
�3PIUFS�GF[�iVN�
SFMBUP�B�SFTQFJUP�EF�SVNPSFT�RVF
�OFN�EF�MPOHF
�GJHVSBN�OB�MJTUB�EBT�QSJODJQBJT�QSFPDVQBÎÜFT�
OBDJPOBJT� FN� SFMBÎÍP� BP� HPWFSOP�-VMBw����&� FYBUBNFOUF�QPS� JTTP
�EFWJEP� � TVB� GBMTJEBEF
�
B� QVCMJDBÎÍP� EP� BSUJHP� OP�5IF�/FX�:PSL�5JNFT
�NFOPT� EF� EVBT� TFNBOBT� BQØT� B� WJUØSJB�
EP�#SBTJM� OB�0.$
� FN� DPOKVHBÎÍP� DPN�P� BSUJHP� EP�8BTIJOHUPO�1PTU� TPCSF� B� QSPEVÎÍP�
EF� VSÉOJP� FOSJRVFDJEP� OBT� JOTUBMBÎÜFT� EB� */#
� FN� 3FTFOEF
� F� PVUSPT� GBUPT
� BWJHPSPV� B�
DPOKFDUVSB�EF�RVF�FTUBWB�FN�DVSTP�VNB�DBNQBOIB�QBSB�EFTBDSFEJUBS�-VMB�EB�4JMWB
�NPTUS�MP�
DPNP�JODPNQFUFOUF
�F�DSJBS�VNB�TJUVBÎÍP�EF�JOHPWFSOBCJMJEBEF
�EF�NPEP�
B�QFSNJUJS�B�BEPÎÍP�EP�QBSMBNFOUBSJTNP�DPN�VN�DIFGF�EF�HPWFSOP�NBJT�
QBMBUÈWFM�QBSB�8BTIJOHUPO��"�DPNQBSBÎÍP�DPN�+ÉOJP�2VBESPT
� BMÏN�EF�
EFTDBCJEB��
�GPJ�DBQDJPTB
�BP�JOTJOVBS�RVF�P�#SBTJM�QPEJB�DBNJOIBS�QBSB�VNB�
TJUVBÎÍP�TFNFMIBOUF�Ë�DSJBEB
�DPN�TVB�SFOÞODJB�Ë�QSFTJEÐODJB�EB�3FQÞCMJDB
�
FN����EF�BHPTUP�EF�������
5VEP�JOEJDPV�RVF�PT�BSUJHPT�QVCMJDBEPT�OP�5IF�8BTIJOHUPO�1PTU�F�OP�
5IF�/FX�:PSL�5JNFT�OÍP�GPSBN�DBTVBJT�OFN�FSBN�JOPDFOUFT��0�NJOJTUSP�
EF�1MBOFKBNFOUP
�(VJEP�.BOUFHB
�SFTTBMUPV�RVF�RVBOEP�VN�EJÈSJP
�DPNP�
P�5IF�/FX�:PSL�5JNFT
�QBTTBWB�B�QVCMJDBS�FTTF�UJQP�EF�EJGBNBÎÍP
�BMHP�QPS�
EFUSÈT�IBWJB��i4J�GVFSB�VO�EJBSJP�EF�MB�QSFOTB�BNBSJMMB
�RVF�WJWJFSB�EF�FTUP
�
UPEP�CJFO��1FSP� MP�RVF�WFNPT�FT�RVF�DPO�FM�BSUÓDVMP� USBUBSPO�EF�EFTHBTUBS� MB�
JNBHFO�EFM�QSFTJEFOUF�-VMBw����/B�TVB�PQJOJÍP
�FTTF�JOUFOUP�EF�EFTHBTUF�FSB�PSRVFTUSBEP�QPS�
JOUFSFTTFT�OPSUF�BNFSJDBOPT
�FN�WJSUVEF�EF�RVF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�IBWJB�BMFOUBEP�B�GPSNBÎÍP�EP�
(����	HSVQP�EF����QBÓTFT�FN�EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP
�DPNCBUJB�PT�TVCTÓEJPT�BHSÓDPMBT�DPODFEJEPT�
QFMPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT�F�FTUBWB�B�EJGJDVMUBS�B�DSJBÎÍP�EB�"MDB��$ÓSDVMPT�NJMJUBSFT�F�EJQMPNÈUJDPT�
JHVBMNFOUF�TVTQFJUBSBN�EF�RVF�B�$*"�FTUBWB�B�EFTFOWPMWFS�VNB�HVFSSB�QTJDPMØHJDB�	NFEJB
�
OP� FTUJMP� EB� HSFZ� F� CMBDL� QSPQBHBOEB
� FNQSFFOEJEB� VTVBMNFOUF� QFMB� $*"��
� F� TVB� SB[ÍP�
DPOTUJUVÓB�B�QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS�EP�#SBTJM
�RVF�DPOUSBSJBWB�PT�JOUFSFTTFT�EPT�&TUBEPT�6OJEPT��
&NCPSB�NBOUJWFTTF� B� QPMÓUJDB� EF� FTUBCJMJ[BÎÍP�NPOFUÈSJB
� DPN�NBJT� SJHPS� BJOEB� EP�
RVF�'FSOBOEP�)FOSJRVF�$BSEPTP
�F�QSPNPWFTTF�EVBT�SFGPSNBT�FTUSVUVSBJT�	QSFWJEFODJÈSJB�F�
USJCVUÈSJB
�EFTDPOUFOUBOEP�PT�TFHNFOUPT�NBJT�SBEJDBJT�EP�15�F�EB�FTRVFSEB
�NBT�HBOIBOEP�
P�SFTQFJUP�F�B�TJNQBUJB�EP�FNQSFTBSJBEP�F�EPT�JOWFTUJEPSFT�FTUSBOHFJSPT
�B�QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS�
EP�HPWFSOP�EF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB
�BP�EFGFOEFS
�DPN�GJSNF[B
�PT�JOUFSFTTFT�OBDJPOBJT�EP�#SBTJM
�
UBOUP�FN�$BODÞO�RVBOUP�FN�1PSU�PG�4QBJO
�FOUSPV�FN�SPUB�EF�DPMJTÍP�DPN�BT�EJSFUSJ[FT�EB�
QPMÓUJDB�FYUFSJPS�EF�(FPSHF�8��#VTI��/ÍP�GPJ�TFN�SB[ÍP
�QPSUBOUP
�RVF�B�SFWJTUB�BNFSJDBOB�
/FXTXFFL
�OB�TFNBOB�EB�SFVOJÍP�EF�.JBNJ
�DJSDVMPV�DPN�P�SFUSBUP�EF�-VMB�EB�4JMWB�OB�DBQB�
F�P�UÓUVMP��i5IF�UXP�GBDFT�PG�-VMB��8BMM�4USFFU�MPWFT�IJN��8BTIJOHUPO�MPBUIFT�IJNw�����
3T�฀,EON฀�"ADEN
7àRTTEMBERG�฀!LEMANHA	�฀MAIO฀DE฀�����
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA
h!฀POLÓTICA฀EXTERIOR฀DO฀
GOVERNO฀DE฀,ULA฀DA฀3ILVA�฀
AO฀DEFENDER�฀COM฀FIRMEZA�฀
OS฀INTERESSES฀NACIONAIS฀DO฀
"RASIL�฀TANTO฀EM฀#ANCÞN฀
QUANTO฀EM฀0ORT฀OF฀3PAIN�฀
ENTROU฀EM฀ROTA฀DE฀COLISÎO฀
COM฀AS฀DIRETRIZES฀DA฀
POLÓTICA฀EXTERIOR฀฀
DE฀'EORGE฀7�฀"USHv
\฀��2EVISTA฀0LENARIUM
.OTAS
�฀#ARDOSO�฀&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE�฀/฀"RASIL฀E฀#LINTON�฀:ERO฀(ORA�฀0ORTO฀!LEGRE�฀��฀FEV������฀REPRODUZIDO฀PELO฀-INISTÏRIO฀DAS฀
2ELA ÜES฀%XTERIORES฀n฀0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA฀EM฀TEMPOS฀DE฀MUDAN A฀n฀A฀GESTÎO฀DO฀-INISTRO฀&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE฀#ARDOSO฀NO฀
)TAMARATY�฀&UNDA ÎO฀!LEXANDRE฀DE฀'USMÎO�฀"RASÓLIA�฀�����฀P�฀����
�฀&ONTE�฀"ANCO฀#ENTRAL฀DO฀"RASIL�฀3ECRETARIA฀DE฀#OMÏRCIO฀%XTERIOR฀฀�3ECEX	฀E฀&UNDA ÎO฀#ENTRO฀DE฀%STUDOS฀DE฀#OMÏRCIO฀
%XTERIOR฀�&UNCEX	�
�฀'AZETA฀-ERCANTIL�฀��฀DEZ�฀�����
�฀-EDIANTE฀A฀COBRAN A฀DE฀UM฀hIMPOSTOv�฀PAGO฀PELOS฀TRAFICANTES฀EM฀TERRITØRIOS฀CONTROLADOS฀PELAS฀&!2#฀E฀PELO฀%,.�฀OS฀
OBJETIVOS฀POLÓTICOS฀DA฀GUERRILHA฀ENTRETECERAM
SE฀COM฀OS฀INTERESSES฀DO฀NARCOTRÉFICO�
�฀$ISCURSO฀DO฀PRESIDENTE฀DA฀2EPÞBLICA�฀&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE฀#ARDOSO�฀NA฀ABERTURA฀DA฀)))฀2EUNIÎO฀DE฀#ÞPULA฀DAS฀!MÏRICAS฀n฀฀
1UEBEC�฀#ANADÉ�฀��฀DE฀ABRIL฀DE฀�����
�฀/฀4IAR�฀TAMBÏM฀CONHECIDO฀COMO฀4RATADO฀DO฀2IO฀DE฀*ANEIRO�฀฀FOI฀FIRMADO฀EM฀�����฀NO฀INÓCIO฀DA฀'UERRA฀&RIA�
�฀$ISCURSO฀ DO฀MINISTRO฀ DE฀ %STADO฀ DAS฀ 2ELA ÜES฀ %XTERIORES฀ DO฀ "RASIL�฀ #ELSO฀ ,AFER�฀ NA฀ 88)6฀ 2EUNIÎO฀ DE฀ #ONSULTA฀ DOS฀
-INISTROS฀ DAS฀ 2ELA ÜES฀ %XTERIORES฀ DA฀/RGANIZA ÎO฀ DOS฀ %STADOS฀!MERICANOS฀ PARA฀ SERVIR฀ DE฀ ØRGÎO฀ DE฀ CONSULTA฀ PARA฀ A฀
APLICA ÎO฀DO฀4RATADO฀)NTERAMERICANO฀DE฀!SSISTÐNCIA฀2ECÓPROCA฀฀n฀4IAR�฀฀7ASHINGTON�฀��฀DE฀SETEMBRO฀DE฀�����
�฀#ARTA฀DE฀#ELSO฀,AFER฀AO฀!UTOR�฀3ÎO฀0AULO�฀����������
�฀%NTREVISTA฀DO฀EXPRESIDENTE฀&ERNANDO฀(ENRIQUE฀#ARDOSO�฀EM฀7ASHINGTON�฀AO฀!UTOR�฀POR฀TELEFONE�฀EM฀����������฀
��฀6ERSIØN฀ESTENOGRÉFICA฀DE฀LAS฀PALABRAS฀DEL฀0RESIDENTE฀6ICENTE฀&OX฀1UESADA�฀DURANTE฀LA฀3ESIØN฀DEL฀#ONSEJO฀0ERMANENTE฀
DE฀LA฀/RGANIZACIØN฀DE฀%STADOS฀!MERICANOS฀A฀LA฀QUE฀ASISTIØ฀COMO฀INVITADO฀DE฀HONOR�฀REALIZADA฀ESTA฀MA×ANA฀EN฀EL฀3ALØN฀
DE฀LAS฀!MÏRICAS฀DE฀LA฀SEDE฀DE฀LA฀/%!�฀EN฀7ASHINGTON฀
฀3ESIØN฀DEL฀#ONSEJO฀0ERMANENTE฀DE฀LA฀/RGANIZACIØN฀DE฀%STADOS฀
!MERICANOS฀n฀�����������
��฀)BIDEM�฀%M฀�฀DE฀SETEMBRO฀DE฀�����฀UM฀ANO฀APØS฀O฀DISCURSO฀DO฀0RESIDENTE฀6ICENTE฀&OX�฀O฀-ÏXICO฀ANUNCIOU฀HAVER฀
DEPOSITADO฀O฀INSTRUMENTO฀DE฀DENÞNCIA฀DO฀4IAR฀ANTE฀A฀3ECRETARIA฀'ERAL฀DA฀/%!�
��฀ $ISCURSO฀ DO฀ PRESIDENTE฀ DA฀ 2EPÞBLICA�฀ &ERNANDO฀ (ENRIQUE฀ #ARDOSO�฀ EM฀ SESSÎO฀ SOLENE฀ NA฀ !SSEMBLÏIA฀ .ACIONAL฀ DA฀
2EPÞBLICA฀DA฀&RAN A�฀��฀DE฀OUTUBRO฀DE฀�����
��฀2EMARKS฀BY฀0RESIDENT฀"USH฀AND฀0RESIDENT฀#ARDOSO฀OF฀"RAZIL฀IN฀0HOTO฀/PPORTUNITY฀
฀-ARCH฀���฀����฀n฀����฀P�M�฀%34฀n฀฀
����฀P�M�฀%34฀n฀4HE฀/VAL฀/FFICE฀n฀4HE฀7HITE฀n฀0RESIDENTE฀'EORGE฀7�฀"USH฀
฀&OR฀)MMEDIATE฀2ELEASE฀/FFICE฀OF฀THE฀0RESS฀
3ECRETARY�฀$ISPONÓVEL฀EM�฀HTTP���WWW�WHITEHOUSE�GOV�NEWS�RELEASES�����������������
��HTML
��฀&OLHA฀DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀3ÎO฀0AULO�฀��฀JUL�฀����
��฀/฀%STADO฀DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀3ÎO฀0AULO�฀��฀AGO�฀�����฀
��฀h%STUDO฀DA฀COMPETITIVIDADE฀DE฀CADEIAS฀INTEGRADAS฀NO฀"RASIL�฀IMPACTO฀DAS฀ZONAS฀DE฀LIVRE฀COMÏRCIO�฀*ORNAL฀DO฀"RASIL�฀
2IO฀DE฀*ANEIRO�฀��฀DEZ�฀�����฀
��฀'AZETA฀-ERCANTIL�฀3ÎO฀0AULO�฀��฀OUT�฀�����
��฀&OLHA฀DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀3ÎO฀0AULO�฀��฀SET�฀�����฀
��฀$ISCURSO฀DE฀,ULA฀DA฀3ILVA฀NO฀#ONGRESSO฀.ACIONAL�฀����������฀IDEM��฀P�฀��
��฀0ESQUISA฀REALIZADA฀฀PELA฀REVISTA฀4IME�฀ENTRE฀SEUS฀LEITORES�฀INDICARA฀QUE฀�����฀CONSIDERAVAM฀OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀A฀MAIOR฀
AMEA A฀Ì฀PAZ฀MUNDIAL�฀CONTRA฀APENAS฀����฀QUE฀APONTAVAM฀O฀)RAQUE฀E฀����฀A฀#ORÏIA฀DO฀.ORTE�฀h4HE฀BIGGEST฀THREAT฀TO฀
PEACE฀
฀WHICH฀COUNTRY฀REALLY฀POSES฀THE฀GREATEST฀DANGER฀TO฀WORLD฀PEACE฀IN฀�����฀4IME฀ASKS฀FOR฀READERS�฀VIEWSv�฀4IME฀
�%UROPE	฀��฀JAN�฀�����
��฀&REIRE�฀&ELIPE�฀,ULA฀CRITICA฀"USH฀E฀DIZ฀QUE฀NORTE
AMERICANO฀DESRESPEITOU฀A฀/.5�฀&OLHA฀DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀��฀MAR������
��฀!MORIM�฀#ELSO�฀!฀!LCA฀POSSÓVEL�฀&OLHA฀DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀3ÎO฀0AULO�฀��฀JUL�฀�����
��฀)DEM�
��฀#ERVO�฀!MADO฀,UIZ�฀!S฀LI ÜES฀DE฀#ANCÞN�฀%SPECIAL฀PARA฀A฀!GÐNCIA฀"RASIL�
��฀"ECKER�฀฀%LIZABETH�฀h7ESTERN฀&ARMERS฀&EAR฀4HIRD
7ORLD฀#HALLENGE฀TO฀3UBSIDIESv�฀4HE฀.EW฀9ORK฀4IMES�฀��฀SEPT�฀�����฀฀
%DITION฀n฀&INAL฀�฀SECTION฀!�฀PAGE฀��฀COLUMN฀��฀
��฀)DEM�
��฀2OSSI�฀#LØVIS�฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀FAZEM฀AMEA AS฀PELA฀!LCA�฀&OLHA฀DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀��฀OUT�฀�����
��฀/LIVEIRA�฀%LIANE�฀.EGOCIADOR฀BRASILEIRO฀DIZ฀QUE฀!LCA฀PODE฀NÎO฀SAIR฀DO฀PAPEL�฀/฀'LOBO�฀��฀OUT�฀�����฀
��฀ h4RATA
SE฀ DE฀ PEDIDO฀ DE฀ MEDIDA฀ LIMINAR฀ FORMULADO฀ EM฀ SEDE฀ DE฀ ! ÎO฀ #AUTELAR฀ )NOMINADA฀ ATENTADA฀ PELO฀ -INISTÏRIO฀
0ÞBLICO฀&EDERAL�฀EM฀DESFAVOR฀DA฀5NIÎO฀&EDERAL�฀NO฀INTUITO฀DE฀QUE฀SEJA฀DETERMINADO฀Ì฀2EQUERIDA฀QUE฀FA A฀GESTÜES฀JUNTO฀
ÌS฀AUTORIDADES฀NORTE
AMERICANAS฀PARA฀EXCLUIR฀OS฀BRASILEIROS฀DA฀OBRIGATORIEDADE฀DE฀SEREM฀FOTOGRAFADOS฀E฀DE฀DEIXAREM฀SUAS฀
IMPRESSÜES฀DIGITAIS฀AO฀ENTRAREM฀E฀DEIXAREM฀OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀DA฀!MÏRICA฀n฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS�฀BEM฀COMO฀QUE฀SEJA฀EXIGIDO฀
DOS฀NACIONAIS฀NORTE
AMERICANOS�฀QUANDO฀ENTRAREM฀NESTE฀0AÓS�฀O฀MESMO฀QUE฀SE฀ESTÉ฀A฀EXIGIR฀DOS฀BRASILEIROS฀QUE฀PARA฀LÉ฀SE฀
DIRIGEM�฀TUDO฀SOB฀O฀FUNDAMENTO฀DE฀QUE฀CABE฀AO฀"RASIL฀ZELAR฀PELA฀APLICA ÎO฀DOS฀PRINCÓPIOS฀CONSTITUCIONAIS฀DA฀DIGNIDADE฀DA฀
PESSOA฀HUMANA฀E฀DA฀RECIPROCIDADE฀NAS฀SUAS฀RELA ÜES฀INTERNACIONAISv�฀2EVISTA฀#ONSULTOR฀*URÓDICO�฀��฀DEZ�฀�����
��฀2OSSI�฀#LØVIS�฀'OVERNO฀"USH฀ENXERGA฀EM฀!MORIM฀ALVO฀@IDEOLØGICO��฀&OLHA฀DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀��฀NOV�฀�����
��฀h$É฀PARA฀SER฀EM฀����฀n฀O฀MINISTRO฀DAS฀2ELA ÜES฀%XTERIORES฀DIZ฀QUE฀Ï฀POSSÓVEL฀UM฀ACORDO฀SOBRE฀A฀!LCA฀AINDA฀NESTE฀ANO�฀
MAS�฀SE฀OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀FOR AREM฀DEMAIS�฀AS฀COISAS฀PARAMv�฀%NTREVISTA฀DO฀CHANCELER฀#ELSO฀!MORIM�฀6EJA�฀��฀JAN�฀�����
��฀)DEM�
��฀#LARÓN�฀"UENOS฀!IRES�฀��฀FEV�฀�����
��฀,A฀.ACIØN�฀��฀FEV�฀����
0OLÓTICA฀%XTERNA
�� \
��฀h$É฀PARA฀SER฀EM฀����฀n฀O฀MINISTRO฀DAS฀2ELA ÜES฀%XTERIORES฀DIZ฀QUE฀Ï฀POSSÓVEL฀UM฀ACORDO฀SOBRE฀A฀!LCA฀AINDA฀NESTE฀ANO�฀
MAS�฀SE฀OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀FOR AREM฀DEMAIS�฀AS฀COISAS฀PARAMv�฀%NTREVISTA฀DO฀#HANCELER฀#ELSO฀!MORIM�฀6EJA�฀��฀JAN�฀����
��฀2OSSI�฀#LØVIS�฀2EUNIÎO฀DE฀0UEBLA฀TERMINA฀EM฀IMPASSE฀E฀DEVE฀SER฀RETOMADA฀EM฀MAR O฀PARA฀TENTAR฀ACORDO฀MÓNIMO�฀&OLHA฀
DE฀3�฀0AULO�฀�����������฀3OTERO�฀0AULO�฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀ACUSAM฀-ERCOSUL฀POR฀FRACASSO฀EM฀0UEBLA�฀/฀%STADO฀DE฀3�0AULO�฀
��฀FEV�฀�����
��฀!PENAS฀SEIS฀PAÓSES฀DOMINAVAM฀A฀TECNOLOGIA฀DE฀ULTRACENTRIFUGA ÎO�฀2ÞSSIA�฀#HINA�฀*APÎO�฀E฀UM฀CONSØRCIO฀EUROPEU฀
�5RENCO	฀FORMADO฀POR฀(OLANDA�฀!LEMANHA฀E฀)NGLATERRA฀n฀CONSØRCIO฀ESTE฀QUE฀ABASTECIA฀AS฀USINAS฀!NGRA฀)฀E฀!NGRA฀))�฀%M฀
VERDADE�฀O฀"RASIL�฀DESDE฀��������฀JÉ฀DOMINAVA฀O฀PROCESSO฀DE฀ENRIQUECIMENTO฀DE฀URÊNIO�฀POR฀MEIO฀DA฀ULTRACENTRIFUGA ÎO�฀
TECNOLOGIA฀TRANSFERIDA฀DA฀!LEMANHA฀ATRAVÏS฀DOS฀CIENTISTAS฀E฀TÏCNICOS฀BRASILEIROS�฀QUE฀LÉ฀FORAM฀TREINAR�฀DE฀CONFORMIDADE฀
COM฀O฀0ROTOCOLO฀)NDUSTRIAL�฀ADENDO฀AO฀!CORDO฀.UCLEAR฀"RASIL
!LEMANHA�฀FIRMADO฀AO฀TEMPO฀DO฀GOVERNO฀DO฀0RESIDENTE฀
%RNESTO฀'EISEL�฀
��฀!฀PRODU ÎO฀DE฀COMBUSTÓVEL฀Ï฀A฀ETAPA฀MAIS฀IMPORTANTE฀NO฀DOMÓNIO฀DA฀TECNOLOGIA฀NUCLEAR�฀0ARA฀OBTÐ
LO�฀AS฀USINAS฀DE฀
ENRIQUECIMENTO฀DE฀URÊNIO฀UTILIZAM฀A฀TÏCNICA฀DA฀DIFUSÎO฀GASOSA฀OU฀DA฀ULTRACENTRIFUGA ÎO�฀!O฀NEGOCIAR฀O฀ACORDO฀COM฀A฀
!LEMANHA�฀NOS฀ANOS฀���฀O฀"RASIL฀TENTOU฀GARANTIR฀A฀TRANSFERÐNCIA฀DA฀TECNOLOGIA฀DE฀ULTRACENTRIFUGA ÎO�฀MAS฀A฀5RENCO฀E฀
OS฀%STADOS฀5NIDOS฀SE฀OPUSERAM�฀/฀"RASIL�฀ENTÎO�฀ACEITOU฀A฀ALTERNATIVA฀DA฀TECNOLOGIA฀JET
NOZZLE�฀CONSTANTE฀OFICIALMENTE฀
DO฀!CORDO฀.UCLEAR฀COM฀A฀!LEMANHA�฀%M฀�����฀O฀6ICE
!LMIRANTE฀/THON฀,�฀0�฀DA฀3ILVA฀PROPÙS฀E฀O฀-INISTÏRIO฀DA฀-ARINHA฀
ACEITOU฀DESENVOLVER฀ULTRACENTRÓFUGAS฀PARA฀ENRIQUECIMENTO฀DO฀URÊNIO฀EXISTENTE฀NO฀"RASIL฀E฀A฀PRIMEIRA฀OPERA ÎO฀REALIZOU
SE฀QUATRO฀ANOS฀MAIS฀TARDE�฀COM฀ULTRACENTRÓFUGA฀INTEGRALMENTE฀IDEALIZADA�฀PROJETADA฀E฀CONSTRUÓDA฀NO฀"RASIL�฀%M฀�����฀
ENTROU฀EM฀OPERA ÎO฀UM฀MØDULO฀DE฀CERCA฀DE฀���฀ULTRACENTRÓFUGAS�฀COM฀CAPACIDADE฀PARA฀PRODUZIR฀���฀QUILOS�ANO฀DE฀
URÊNIO฀COM฀ENRIQUECIMENTO฀INFERIOR฀DE฀���฀%SSE฀TEOR฀ERA฀SUPERIOR฀AO฀NECESSÉRIO฀PARA฀O฀COMBUSTÓVEL฀DAS฀USINAS฀NUCLEARES฀
DE฀!NGRA฀DOS฀2EIS฀E฀ATENDIA฀ÌS฀NECESSIDADES฀DE฀UM฀REATOR฀NAVAL�฀EM฀DESENVOLVIMENTO�฀O฀QUAL฀UTILIZARIA฀CERCA฀DE฀SEIS฀
TONELADAS฀DE฀URÊNIO฀A฀��฀E฀PERMITIRIA฀A฀CONSTRU ÎO฀DE฀UM฀SUBMARINO฀NUCLEAR�฀A฀OPERAR฀EM฀UM฀PRAZO฀DE฀DEZ฀ANOS�฀!฀
PROPULSÎO฀NUCLEAR฀NÎO฀ERA฀CLASSIFICADA฀PELA฀!IEA฀COMO฀UMA฀APLICA ÎO฀BÏLICA�฀.OS฀ANOS฀���฀FOI฀CONSTRUÓDO฀O฀PRIMEIRO฀
MØDULO฀DA฀5SINA฀%XPERIMENTAL฀EM฀!RAMAR�฀3ÎO฀0AULO�฀E�฀DURANTE฀O฀GOVERNO฀DO฀0RESIDENTE฀*OSÏ฀3ARNEY�฀O฀"RASIL฀UNIU
SE฀ Ì฀ !RGENTINA฀ E฀ CRIOU฀ UMA฀ AGÐNCIA฀ BINACIONAL฀ PARA฀ FAZER฀ INSPE ÜES฀ NOS฀ PADRÜES฀ DA฀ !IEA�฀ $EPOIS�฀ #OLLOR฀ DE฀-ELLO฀
INCLUIU฀A฀!IEA฀NO฀ACORDO�฀PERMITINDO
LHE฀O฀CONTROLE฀DIRETO฀DO฀URÊNIO฀ENRIQUECIDO฀PRODUZIDO฀ˆ฀SALVAGUARDADOS฀SEGREDOS฀
COMERCIAIS฀E฀TECNOLØGICOS�
��฀3LEVIN�฀0ETER�฀h"RAZIL฀SHIELDING฀URANIUM฀FACILITYv�฀4HE฀7ASHINGTON฀0OST�฀��฀ABR�฀�����
��฀)DEM�
��฀h"RASIL฀Y฀LA฀POLÓTICA฀NUCLEARv�฀,A฀.ACIØN�฀"UENOS฀!IRES�฀�����������
��฀)DEM�
��฀3ILVA�฀/THON฀,�฀0�฀DA�฀7ASHINGTON฀NÎO฀QUER฀A฀5SINA฀DE฀2ESENDE�฀/฀'LOBO�฀2IO฀DE฀*ANEIRO฀��฀MAR�฀�����
��฀)DEM�
��฀h#OMMITTEE฀HOLDS฀HEARING฀TO฀ REVIEW฀AGRICULTURAL฀ TRADE฀NEGOTIATIONS฀n฀NEWS฀FROM฀THE฀(OUSE฀!GRICULTURE฀#OMMITTEE�฀
5�3�฀(OUSE฀OF฀2EPRESENTATIVES฀n฀#OMMITTEE฀ON฀!GRICULTUREv�฀"OB฀'OODLATTE�฀CHAIRMAN�฀HTTP���AGRICULTURE�HOUSE�GOV�
PRESS�����PR�������HTM
��฀2OHTER�฀,ARRY�฀h"RAZILIAN฀LEADER�S฀TIPPLING฀BECOMES฀NATIONAL฀CONCERNv�฀4HE฀.EW฀9ORK฀4IMES�฀�����������
��฀)DEM�
��฀+RAMER�฀$ORA�฀h2EA ÎO฀EXCEDE฀A฀CARÐNCIA฀DE฀FATOSv�฀*ORNAL฀DO฀"RASIL�฀2IO฀DE฀*ANEIRO�฀�����������
��฀1UADROS฀NÎO฀RENUNCIOU฀Ì฀0RESIDÐNCIA฀PORQUE฀TIVESSE฀O฀HÉBITO฀DE฀฀CONSUMIR฀BEBIDAS฀ALCOØLICAS฀฀E฀SIM฀PORQUE฀PRETENDEU฀
DAR฀ UM฀ GOLPE�฀ CRIANDO฀ UM฀ IMPASSE฀ INSTITUCIONAL�฀ PARA฀ OBTER฀ A฀ SOMA฀ DOS฀ PODERES฀ LEGISLATIVOS�฀ 1UADROS฀ PRETENDERA฀
CONSTITUIR
SE฀COMO฀ALTERNATIVA฀PARA฀A฀JUNTA฀MILITAR�฀QUE฀ELE฀PRØPRIO฀SUGERIRA�฀DE฀FORMA฀A฀EVITAR฀A฀INVESTIDURA฀NO฀CARGO฀DO฀
6ICE
0RESIDENTE฀*OÎO฀'OULART฀���฀6IDE฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA�฀�����฀฀P�฀���฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA�฀�����฀P�฀����
��฀h%CHAN฀DE฀"RASIL฀A฀UN฀PERIODISTA฀DE฀%%�55v�฀,A฀.ACIØN�฀"UENOS฀!IRES�฀�����������
��฀ ฀h4HE฀#)!฀ ROLE฀ IN฀ THE฀53฀PROPAGANDA฀PROGRAMME฀ IS฀DETERMINED฀BY฀ THE฀OFFICIAL฀DIVISION฀OF฀PROPAGANDA฀ INTO฀ THREE฀
GENERAL฀CATEGORIES�฀WHITE�฀GREY฀AND฀BLACK�฀7HITE฀PROPAGANDA฀IS฀THAT฀WHICH฀IS฀OPENLY฀ACKNOWLEDGED฀AS฀COMING฀FROM฀THE฀
53฀GOVERNMENT�฀E�G��฀FROM฀THE฀53฀)NFORMATION฀!GENCY฀�53)!	�฀GREY฀PROPAGANDA฀IS฀ATTRIBUTED฀TO฀PEOPLE฀OR฀ORGANIZATION฀
WHO฀DO฀NOT฀ACKNOWLEDGE฀THE฀53฀GOVERNMENT฀AS฀SOURCE฀OF฀THEIR฀MATERIAL฀AND฀WHO฀PRODUCE฀THE฀MATERIAL฀AS฀IF฀IT฀WERE฀
OF฀ THEIR฀OWN�฀BLACK฀PROPAGANDA฀ IS฀UNATTRIBUTED฀MATERIAL�฀OR฀ IT฀ IS฀ATTRIBUTED฀TO฀A฀NON
EXISTENT฀SOURCE�฀OR฀ IT฀ IS฀ FALSE฀
MATERIAL฀ATTRIBUTED฀TO฀REAL฀SOURCE�฀4HE฀#)!฀IS฀THE฀ONLY฀53฀GOVERNMENT฀AGENCY฀AUTHORIZED฀TO฀ENGAGE฀IN฀BLACK฀PROPAGANDA฀
OPERATION�฀BUT฀IT฀SHARES฀THE฀RESPONSIBILITY฀FOR฀GREY฀PROPAGANDA฀WITH฀OTHER฀AGENCIES฀SUCH฀AS฀53)!�฀�x	฀4HE฀VEHICLES฀
FOR฀GREY฀AND฀BLACK฀PROPAGANDA฀MAY฀BE฀UNAWARE฀OF฀THEIR฀#)!฀OR฀53฀GOVERNMENT฀SPONSORSHIP�฀�x	฀4HUS฀EDITORIALISTS�฀
POLITICIANS�฀BUSINESSMEN฀AND฀OTHERS฀MAY฀PRODUCE฀PROPAGANDA�฀EVEN฀FOR฀MONEY�฀WITHOUT฀NECESSARILY฀KNOWING฀WHO฀THEIR฀
MASTERS฀IN฀THE฀CASE฀AREv�฀฀!GEE�฀�����฀P�฀��
��
��฀.EWSWEEK�฀.OVEMBER฀���฀�����
,UIZ฀!LBERTO฀-ONIZ฀"ANDEIRA

Outros materiais