Prática oral em lingua inglesa

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Prática oral em lingua inglesa
Aula 1
In american society, INFORMALITY is valued very highly
When meeting someone formally for the first time, we shake their hand and say “how do you do?” or “pleased to meet you”. How do you do isn’t really a question, it just means hello. The person should answer the same way:
How do you do? Resposta: how do you do?
Or pleased to meet you – resposta – pleased to meet you, too.
When young people meet informally they sometimes say “give me five!” and slap their hands together (high five)
In a informal situation you may see social kissing (a peck on the cheek), this is acceptable between men and women and also between women who know each other very well.
Don’t shake hands when leaving.
It’s nice to meet you / it’s a pleasure to meet you
I’m very happy to meet you / I’m very pleased to meet you
I’m delighted to meet you / how do you do *
Informal
Hello / hi
Good to meet you / how are you
The signal “how do you do” is not used in America nearly as much as in Great Britain.
Note that it is not a question. It’s only a greeting which requires a response with another greeting, including “how do you do”.
Remember, when introducing yourself or other people in a formal situation use full names.
John: William, please meet Mr. Steve Lynch, my assistant.
Greeting people you know
When you greet people whom you already know even if you have only met them once before, you are expected to show a certain amount of informality toward them. It would be a mistake to be too formal, because formality with someone you know is interpreted as unfriendliness or a sight that something is wrong. Informality and friendliness can be shown with a smile, a friendly voice, and some communication signals like the ones below.
If you see someone you don’t know very well or with whom you are not very familiar, you can greet them with a neutral signal: Good morning, good afternoon, hello, Mr. Davis
If you are more familiar with the person, you may use more informal signals: morning, hi, hi there
Adding friendly questions about the person:
How are you today? How are you doing? How is it going? What’s new? What’s up? What’s happening?
Formal:
HOW ARE YOU / VERY WELL, THANK YOU / I’M FINE, THANK YOU / AND HOW ABOUT YOU? / HOW ARE YOU? FINE, AND YOU?
INFORMAL:
WHAT’S NEW WITH YOU? – GREAT. HOW ABOUT YOU? NO PROBLEM. AND YOURSELF?PRETTY GOOD.
WHAT’S NEW WITH YOU? CAN’T COMPLAIN.
HOW’S EVERYTHING WITH YOU? COULD BE BETTER.
HOW’S IT GOING WITH YOU? SO, SO
POLITE QUESTIONS – ESTÁ IMPRESSO NA PASTA.
INTRODUCING YOURSELF:
MAY I INTRODUCE MYSELF? MY NAME IS JOHN SMITH. I’M RESPOSIBLE FOR SALES. I DON’T THINK WE’VE MET. I’D LIKE TO INTRODUCE MYSELF. MY NAME IS….
HELLO, I’M JOHN SMITH. I WORK WITH DAVE BENJAMIN.
When it’s time to close the conversation, Americans have a particular pattern which they follow.
Before Americans actually say goodbye, we signal that the end is coming. And usually we follow that with a reason why we are ending the conversation. Examples:
I’m afraid it’s time for me to go now. I have a meeting.
Well, I should be going now. I have a lot to do.
I have to get going. I have an appointment.
I had better be leaving, I have to pick up my wife.
Well, I see it’s getting late. I’d better go. I have to get up early.
Saying goodbye: finally, it’s time to say goodbye, but it isn’t easy for Americans to say goodbye. We postpone and avoid it, and we say it again and again.
		About addressing the first person in conversation, what is the best way to start a conversation? Choose the best option:
 
		Quest.: 1
	
	
	
	
	Joe, it's Barbra Lights.
	
	
	Joe Jones, this is... What' s you name anyway?
	
	
	Joe Jones, Barbra Lights. You know what to do...
	
	
	None of the answers above.
	
	 
	Joe Jones, I'd like you to meet someone.  This is Barbra Lights.
	
	
	
		2.
		When meeting someone formally for the first time, what is the best choice to start a conversation?
		Quest.: 2
	
	
	
	
	How do you do, dude?
	
	
	Hi, man!
	
	
	None of the answers above.
	
	
	Hey, what's up?
	
	 
	How do you do?
	
	
	
		3.
		Complete the end of this dialogue: Jim: See you around! Thinh and Lan: ________________
		Quest.: 3
	
	
	
	
	a) If you say so.
	
	 
	d) Good-bye, Jim!
	
	
	b) Never mind.
	
	
	c) I hope not.
	
	
	e) Don¿t bother.
	
	
	
		4.
		Choose the most suitable response:
" I"ve just bought a new car  Fiat Seicento."
		Quest.: 4
	
	
	
	
	(e) How come?
	
	
	(b) Really? Why did you do that?
	
	
	(a) Really? I"ve heard it is a very bad car.
	
	
	(d) Oh, no. I don"t believe you!
	
	 
	(c) Really? Are you pleased with it?
	
	
	
		5.
		Brigitte   : The coffee was nice.  Thank you.
Gus   : How about a game of chess?
Brigitte  : No, not today, Gus. I'm in a hurry. I have to catch the 10 o'clock train.
Brigitte   : Do you?  I'm sorry you have to leave so early. I enjoyed talking to you.
Brigitte  : Well, it was an enjoyable chat. But now I must really be going.
Ciara : When do we meet again?
Brigitte  : I'll see you again soon. Bye for now!
Gus   : Bye, Brigitte  !
		Quest.: 5
	
	
	
	 
	When do we meet again?
	
	
	When do we sing together again?
	
	
	When do we dance again?
	
	
	When do we eat again?
	
	
	When do we sit again?
	
	
	
		6.
		What's the best way to complete the following small talk at a bus stop? Woman: We couldn't ask for a better day, could we?
		Quest.: 6
	
	
	
	
	c) No.
	
	 
	a) I know. There isn't a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year.
	
	
	b) Tell me that!
	
	
	e) I don't care.
	
	
	d) If you say so.
	
Aula 2 - Professional Interview
 Initiate and keep a conversation in a job interview;
2. talk about professional experiences.
Congratulations! You have applied for a job and now you are getting ready for that important job interview. Your English is excellent and you are looking forward to make a good impression on your future (hopefully) boss. Now, you need to make sure that you also have the right type of English for that job interview.
The a job interview in English contains specific questions and appropriate answers. It also requires certain flexibility in your usage of tenses.
When you walk in the room the very first impression you make on the interviewer can have a great influence on the rest of the interview. It is important that you introduce yourself, shake hands, and be friendly. The first question is often a "breaking the ice" (establish a rapport) type of question.
Don't be surprised if the interviewer asks you something like: 
• How are you today? 
• Did you have any trouble finding us? 
• What do you think of the weather lately?
Don't be surprised by the friendly tone. The interviewer wants to put you at ease (help you relax). Answer the question without going into too much detail. The language you use should be simple but polite, for example;
How are you today? 
GOOD! I'm fine, thank you, and you? I'm well, thank you. 
BAD. So, so. OK! Not so well.
First, let’s take a look at a dialogue, in which a person has just been laid off and needs a new job:
DIALOGUE SITUATION: I NEED A JOB
A: I need a job.
B: I thought you had a job.
A: I did.
B: What happened?
A: I got laid off.
B: That’s terrible! When did it happen?
A: I got laid off last week.
B: Just you?
A: No, ten of my coworkers got laid off, too.
B: What are you going to do?
A: I’m looking in the newspaper for a job.
B: Good luck!
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An employment contract - a formal, legal agreement setting out what will be provided by both the employer and the employee.
An opening- an available job.
Application- the letter you send when you apply for a job.
Appointments - dates and times when people will meet, but can also be used to mean that people have been given particular jobs.
To be transferred - to be moved from one place to another.
To handle - to take care of, to deal with.
To jump on something - to do something immediately. 
To keep track of - to be aware of or notice something.
To multi-task - to do more than one piece of work at a time.
To oversee - to be the boss of, to make sure something is done, to supervise. 
To retire - to stop working, usually because someone has reached a certain age. 
To work on your own initiative - to make decisions about your work without having to wait for someone else to help you.
Training schemes – a job training course.
Vacancies - jobs that no-one is doing that someone is needed to do.
		What is the best answer for this dialogue?
 
Ms. Norton: Good morning! I see on your resume that you worked as a manager at Business Country. Could you tell me a little more about your responsibilities there?
Carrie Susan: Sure, ok.  I was responsible for overseeing about 30 employees, I did all of the ordering for the store, and I kept track of the inventory.
Ms. Norton: What was the most difficult part of your job?
Carrie Susan: Probably handling angry customers. We didn't have them very often, but when we did, I needed to make sure they were well taken care of. After all, the customer is always right.
Ms. Norton: That's how we feel here, too. How long did you work there?
Carrie Susan: I was there for 3 1/2 years. I left the company last month.
Ms. Norton: And why did you leave? 
Carrie Susan: ..............................................
		Quest.: 1
	
	
	
	
	None of the answers above.
	
	
	Well, I got emotionally involved with someone in the company.
	
	
	My boyfriend didn't like my job.
	
	
	Well, I got tired of the job.
	
	 
	My boyfriend has been transferred to New York City and I understand your company has an opening there, too.
	
	
	
		2.
		"Why did you leave your last job/ Why are you planning to leave your job?"
 
Thinking about professional interview, what is the best answer to the questions  above.
 
		Quest.: 2
	
	
	
	
	My last job wasn't good, I was not motivated to wake up to work anymore because there were many mean people there, many bullers, many nasty people. Based on the job description I really believe that I can meet nice friend here. I'm a really lonely person.
 
	
	 
	My last job was not challenging enough. I was not motivated to wake up to work anymore and I really needed a change. Based on the job description I really believe that I can find what am I looking for in your company.
	
	
	My last job was great, but I was not motivated to wake up to work anymore because I didn't make enough money and I really needed a change. Based on the job description I really believe that I can work less and make more money here.
	
	 
	None of the answers above.
	
	
	My last job wasn't that great, because I was not motivated to wake up to work anymore. I didn't make enough friends there and I really needed another job. Based on the job description I really believe that I can meet nice people here.
 
	
	
	
		3.
		Allan: I need a job.
Barbra: I thought you had a job.
Allan: I did.
Barbra: What happened?
Allan: I got laid off.
Barbra: That's terrible! When did it happen?
Allan: I got laid off last week.
Barbra: Just you?
Allan: No, ten of my coworkers got laid off, too.
Barbra: ........................
Allan: I'm looking in the newspaper for a job.
Barbra: Good luck!
 
What is the best option to complete the dialogue above?
		Quest.: 3
	
	
	
	
	What are you going to have for desert?
	
	 
	What are you going to do?
	
	
	What are you going to eat for dinner?
	
	
	What are you going to buy in this mall?
	
	 
	What are you going to read on weekend?
	
	
	
		4.
		"Why did you apply for this job?"
 
Thinking about professional interview, what is the best answer to the question  above.
		Quest.: 4
	
	
	
	
	"I've been looking for a job where I can make many friends and enjoy nice people."
 
	
	 
	"I' ve been looking for a job where I can use my creative skills and work with people. I've heard good things about your company."
	
	
	"I've been looking for a job where I can have really fun and work with funny people."
	
	
	None of the answers below.
	
	
	"I've been looking for a job where I can make much money and work with beautiful people."
 
	
	
	
		5.
		  Thinking about GLOSSARY ON COMPANIES , we can say that To retiremeans:
		Quest.: 5
	
	
	
	
	Collecting and publishing or broadcasting of news; journalism in general;  the entirety of media and agencies that collect, publish, transmit, or broadcast the news.
	
	
	Someone who employs people for a firm, also known as a personnel manager.
	
	
	Jobs that no-one is doing that someone is needed to do.
 
	
	 
	To stop working, usually because someone has reached a certain age.
	
	
	Companies which have details of jobs and details of the people who might want them.
	
	
	
		6.
		You are at a job interview. The interviewer asks: "Why did you apply for this job?". You answer:
		Quest.: 6
	
	
	
	 
	b) "I really like the job description and the working duties for this position. I believe that I am the perfect match for the job and can be an asset for your team."
	
	
	e) "I am not very patient, what is obviously not good. But I am working on it every day, doing various exercises."
	
	
	c) "My goal is to become a better manager and help my employer to achieve good results as much as I can."
	
	
	a) "I've just graduated from the University of Singapore with a degree in Computers. During the summers, I worked as a systems administrator for a small company to help pay for my education."
	
	
	d) "I was born and raised in Milan, Italy. I attended the University of Milan and received my master's degree in Economics. I have worked for 12 years as a financial consultant in Milan for various companies including Rossi Consultants, Quasar Insurance and Sardi and Sons. I enjoy playing tennis in my free time and learning languages."
Aula 3
Make a professional appointment (Fazer um contato profissional);
2. make and/or canceling a professional appointment (Marcar e/ou cancelar um contato).
Before learning how to talk about your job and interacting in job issues, it’s necessary to state the difference between job and work. Let’s see it. 
Firstly, on a grammatical level, work is both a verb and a noun, whereas job is only a noun.
Work or job;
Before learning how to talk about your job and interacting in job issues, it’s 
necessary to state the difference between job and word. Let’s see it. 
Firstly, on a grammatical level, work is both a verb and a noun, whereas job
is only a noun. Let’s look at their meanings now. 
Work is an activity in which you use effort or energy, normally to achieve a 
particular aim or task, rather than for fun or enjoyment. It is essentially the 
opposite of play, and to work means to do such an activity. Generally, we 
work in order to earn money, and this is often how we use the verb; to 
describe what we do to earn money. For example: 
I work for the BBC.
David works in a café.
In these examples, we do not know exactly what the person’s duties or 
responsibilities are. David works in a café, but we do not know if he cleans 
the tables or cooks the food. 
So, in this sense, work has a very general meaning, whereas job is much more 
specific, and its most common meaning is the name for the work that you doto earn money. 
For example, David has now got a new job. He is a cook in a small restaurant.
In this example, we now know exactly what David does because we know what 
his job is. To summarize, we can say that the word job refers to a particular 
employment role or position, such as cook, teacher or banker, whereas work
refers in a more general way to activities that you do. 
Interestingly, all jobs involve work but doing work isn’t always part of a job. 
For example, someone can spend the weekend working in their garden, 
perhaps cutting the grass or planting new flowers. 
However, this is a free time activity, and so it is not his or her job. 
As a verb, work does have other meanings, such as, if you describe how a 
machine works, you explain how it functions, or operates. 
For example, Can someone show me how the photocopier works? I don’t know 
how to use it.
Similarly, you can use it to say if the machine is functioning correctly. For 
example, 
Don’t try to use that computer. It doesn’t work. We are waiting for the 
engineer to fix it.
Finally, although your job is the name for what you do to earn money, it can 
also refer to a specific task that you have to do; a task that requires work and 
a task that you can specifically identify. 
For example, I have a few jobs to do at home this weekend. I need to paint 
my bedroom, fix a broken door and cut the grass.Let’s practice a little bit and check your understanding, ok?
Fill in the blanks with WORK(S) or JOB:
1. Nowadays it is difficult to find ________________.
2. A woman's ________________ is never done. (proverb)
3. If a ________________is worth doing, it's worth doing well. (proverb)
4. I often have to take ________________ home with me.
5. Almost all the ________________ of F. Chopin are written for 
pianoforte solo.
6. Betty is very pleased, she has got a new ________________.
7. Bob says he will change ________________,he has no opportunity of 
advancement in his company.
8. Henry loves Science Fiction ________________, his favorite writers are 
H.G.Wells, George Orwell and Ray Bradbury.
9. It took me an hour to get home from ________________ yesterday.
10.Choose a ________________ you love and you will never have to work a 
day in your life. (Confucius)
KEY: 1.work – 2.job – 3.job. – 4.work – 5.works – 6.job – 7.job – 8.works –
9.work -10.job. 
Now, let’s move on and analyze some situations regarding how to talk about 
your job/work.
Asking about a job
What do you do?
Where do you work?
What's your job like?
Do you like your job?
Talking about a job
'm (job).
I work in (place).
It's (adjective).
Yeah, it's not bad./ Not really.
Business Reporter: Thank you for taking the time to meet me today. 
Manager: It's my pleasure.
Business Reporter: Who do you work for? 
Manager: I work for Springco. 
Business Reporter: What does Springco do? 
Manager: Springoco distributes health products throughout the United States. 
Business Reporter: Where is the company based? 
Manager: Springco is located in Vermont. 
Business Reporter: How many people do you employ? 
Manager: Currently, we have 450 people on staff.
Business Reporter: What's your annual revenue? 
Manager: Our gross revenue is about $5.5. million this year. 
Business Reporter: What type of distribution services do you provide? 
Manager: We distribute to both wholesale and retail outlets. 
Business Reporter: What sort of internet presence do you have? 
Manager: We have a storefront, as well as an online forum. 
Business Reporter: Is your company public? 
Manager: No, we are a privately held company. 
Business Reporter: What type of logistical structure do you have? 
Manager: We ship from four regional warehouses. 
Business Reporter: Where are your products manufactured? 
Manager: Most of our products are manufactured abroad, but a number are also produced here in the United States.
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DIALOGUE SITUATION: TALKING ABOUT YOUR JOB
Pay special attention to the words in bold in order to increase your vocabulary. In this interview I ask Kyle some questions about his job.
Interviewer: What do you do for a living, Kyle?
Kyle: I’m an IT consultant.
Interviewer: How long have you been doing this job?
Kyle: I’ve been working at my company for two years now.
Interviewer: What are your main responsibilities?
Kyle: Well, I’m responsible for (I’m in charge of…, I’m in control of…) managing a number of client accounts at our company.
Interviewer: Can you tell me a bit about your day to day activities?
Kyle: I mostly deal with (I’m concerned with…, I handle/ manage…) client queries (questions; inquiries) on a daily basis, but also provide training.
Interviewer: What do you like most about your job?
Kyle: I quite enjoy tackling (to engage or deal with) challenging queries – I find that very stimulating (inspiring new ideas or enthusiasm).
Interviewer: And what do you dislike about your job?
Kyle: At times the job can become quite repetitive, and then I feel it gets too mundane (everyday, ordinary, and therefore not very interesting).
WHY DO YOU WANT TO LEAVE YOUR CURRENT JOB?
These people are not satisfied with their jobs and they want to quit it. Read the following three answers by different people to the question 'Why do you want to leave your current job?'. Focus on the words / phrases in BOLD.
First of all, I would like to say that I don't have any problems with my current employer. I have worked there for over 7 years and have enjoyed my time there. They have provided me with an opportunity to grow both professionally and personally. And from starting as an analyst, I am now a manager of my own team. I am very grateful for the confidence they have shown in me and also the experience that I have gained.'
But during these 7 years, I know what I excel in and what I want to specialize in. And due to the nature and size of the company, my opportunities to pursue this area there are limited. So, in order to move my career to the next stage, I have to move on. It's a shame, because I have a very good working with my manager and my team. So, it's not a decision that I have taken lightly. But, I feel that the position that is available here will provide me with the opportunity to focus on an area in which I both excel and love.
o be honest, I wasn't job hunting. One of my ex-colleagues forwarded me the advert for the position. I am very happy in my current job. I have achieved all of my goals and I am now in a position where I make a difference for the company. The only reason I would leave my current position is for something significantly better and having read the roles and responsibilities for the job, this position offers it. This role has more responsibility, plus working in a different environment provides a new challenge, which I sure I can meet. In addition, it would be foolish to turn down the possibility of doing this role in a company with such a strong reputation as yours. I think this role provides an excellent opportunity for the progression of my career.'
'I've spent 4 happy years with my current employer, but due to the current financial crisis, they are currently downsizing their operations. As a result, it's made a lot of people redundant and although I have been informed that my job is safe, there's a lot of uncertainty. So, I feel now is the time to move on and look for a more secure position.
Here is an additional vocabulary on employment. Can you think of situations in which you would use them? Try to put these words in a sentence:
1 bonus n. additional pay given to employee as incentive or reward
2 curriculum vitae (UK) n. short account of one’s education, career etc; CV (UK); résumé (US); resume (US).
3 dismiss v. to remove or discharge from employment; to sack [colloq.]; to fire (US).
4 employer n. person or firm who employs people - employee n. person employed.
5 fire (US) v. [colloq.] to dismiss.
6 interview v. an oral examination of an applicant for a job - also v.7 make redundant (UK) v. [made, made] to dismiss because of not being needed – redundancy (UK).
8 maternity leave n. period of absence from work (for a woman) when having a baby.
9 notice n. advance warning of intention to resign - to give or tender one’s notice v.
10 perk abbr. perquisite; something additional to regular salary [eg: free meals; a car].
11 personnel n. the people who work for a firm.
12 personnel officer n. manager responsible for recruitment, training and welfare of personnel.
13 promotion n. advancement in rank or position - to promote v.
14 prospects n. opportunity for success, promotion etc.
15 recruit n. to look for and employ personnel - recruitment n.
16 resign v. to give up a job - letter of resignation n.
17 retire v. to leave employment, esp. because of age - retirement n.
18 salary n. a fixed, regular payment, usually monthly, made by employer to employee.
19 staff n. the people who work for a firm or a particular department; employees.
20 take on v. [took, taken] to employ; to hire.
		Choose the best response to complete each of the following sentences:
1. This job is too ______________ (stressed-out/stressful).
2. There's a lot of work, but I can ______________ (deal/handle) it.
3. I was ______________ (hired/heard) last month.
 4. They ______________ (fired/failed) two of my co-workers, and I'm afraid I might be next.
5. I work ______________ (at/in) sales.
6. My ______________ (commute/communion) (= the time it takes me to get to work) isn't so bad.
 7. They provide us with a good benefits ______________ (pack/package).
		Quest.: 1
	
	
	
	
	(e) stressful - handle - hired - fired - at - commute - pack
	
	
	(b) stressful - deal - hired - fired - at - commute - package
	
	
	(a) stressed out - deal - hired - fired - at - commute - pack
	
	
	(d) stressed out - handle - hired - fired - at - commute - package
	
	 
	(c) stressful - handle - hired - fired - in - commute - package
	
	
	
		2.
		Choose the best alternative for this situation:
When a company reduces its operations and number of employees, it is ____________________.
		Quest.: 2
	
	
	
	
	(d) pursuing
	
	
	(b) turning down
	
	
	(a) redundant
	
	
	(e) moving on
	
	 
	(c) downsizing
	
	
	
		3.
		Job or work? I. A woman's ________________ is never done. (proverb) II. Choose a ___________ you love and you will never have to work a day in your life. (Confucius) III. Henry loves Science Fiction ______, his favorite writers are H.G.Wells and George Orwell. IV. It took me an hour to get home from ______________ yesterday.
		Quest.: 3
	
	
	
	 
	work ¿ job ¿ job s - work
	
	
	job ¿ work ¿ works - job
	
	
	work ¿ work - jobs - job
	
	
	job ¿ work ¿ works - mob
	
	 
	job ¿ job ¿ works - work
	
	
	
		4.
		Work or Job? Fill in the gaps and choose the correct alternative: 1. She's got a new _____. 2. You've never done a day's _____ in your life. 3. There will be a lot of ____ losses when the factory closes. 4. It took me an hour to get home from ____ yesterday. 5. Let's try to make the best of a bad ____.
		Quest.: 4
	
	
	
	 
	(d) job - work - job - work - work
	
	 
	(a) job - work - job - work - job
	
	
	(c) work - work - job - work - work
	
	
	(e) job - work - work - work - job
	
	
	(b) work - job - job - work - job
	
	
	
		5.
		Which alternative is the correct one to complete this sentence? "I'm thinking of _____________ a job with a multinational company."
		Quest.: 5
	
	
	
	
	asking for
	
	 
	applying for
	
	
	having
	
	
	asking by
	
	
	wanting
	
	
	
		6.
		Choose the best alternative to answer this question: "How do you see your career developing?"
		Quest.: 6
	
	
	
	
	I aim to be promoted within two years, lead a team, and, when I have enough experience in the field, I will start my own company.
	
	
	My friends in the field say that your company is the best one in this state.
	
	 
	After a few years of gaining experience in the company and furthering my professional qualifications I'd like to put my experience and skills to use in management.
	
	
	I have no idea, but I'm sure I'd work hard.
	
	
	Well, I expect that after a few years management will promote me when they think that I am ready.