[Ashraf_Shaalan]_Nanomaterials and Nanocatalysis for Energy, Petrochemicals and Environmental Applic

Prévia do material em texto

US – Egypt science and Technology Institute
Dr. Mostafa A. El-Sayed
Julius Brown Chair and Regents Professor
Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
"Nanomaterials and Nanocatalysis
for Energy, Petrochemicals
and Environmental Applications"
National Research Centre
Cairo, March 27 – April 5
under the auspices of
Prof . Dr. Ashraf Shaalan
President, National Research Centre
Organized by
Prof. Dr. Mohamed S. El-Shall
Prof. of Chemistry
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia, USA
Prof. Dr. Ali Ali Shabaka
Professor of Spectroscopy,
Physics Division, National Research Centre,
Cairo, Egypt
US – Egypt ASI
 
 
Egyptian scientific and organizing committee 
(Alphabetical order) 
 
 
 
Ali Ali Shabaka 
Professor of Spectroscopy, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt 
 
Ayman Mohamady 
Head of Special Application, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt 
 
Hassan Talaat 
Professor of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 
 
Mahmoud Zawra 
Head of Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt 
 
Mona Bakr 
Professor in National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES) Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 
 
Yassir Mostafa 
Vice Director of Central Analytical of Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1
 
First Day 
Sunday, March 28, 2010 
 
National Research Centre, Cairo 
 
9:00 – 10:00 Registration 
 
10:00 – 11:00 Opening Session 
 
10:00 - 10:15 Prof. Dr. Samy El-Shall 
ASI Chairman & US Organizer 
Virginia Commonwealth University, USA 
10:15 – 10:30 Prof. Dr. Mostafa El-Sayed 
US Co-Organizer 
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA 
10:30 – 10:40 Margaret Scobey 
Her Excellency USA Ambassador to Egypt 
10:40 – 10:50 Prof. Dr. Ashraf Shaalan 
President, National Research Centre 
 
11:00 – 11:30 
 
Coffee Break 
 
 
 
 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
PLENARY SESSION-1 
NANOMATERIALS & CATALYSIS 
 
Chairpersons: Lotfia El Nadi (Egypt) & 
 Samy El-Shall (USA) 
 
11:30 – 12:30 The Use of the Nanoscale Confinement Properties of 
Nanoparticles in Some Applications to Environmental, 
Catalytic and Energy Research 
 
Mostafa El-Sayed 
Georgia Institute of Technology 
Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA 
 
 2
 
12:30 – 13:30 Catalysis from Single Crystals to Nanoparticles & 
Energy Applications 
 
D. Wayne Goodman 
Texas A&M University 
College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA 
 
 
13:30 – 14:45 
 
Lunch 
 
 
14:45 – 16:45 
 
PLENARY SESSION-2 
NANOMATERIALS & SOLAR CELLS 
 
Chairpersons: Mostafa El-Sayed (USA) & 
 Ahmed Galal (Egypt) 
 
14:45 – 15:45 Nanostructure Nanoassemblies for Next Generation 
Solar Cells 
 
Prashant V. Kamat 
University of Notre Dame 
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0579, USA 
 
15:45 – 16:45 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Rise of Graphene: 
Catalysis & Nanocomposite Applications 
 
M. Samy El-Shall 
Virginia Commonwealth University 
Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA 
 
17:00 
 
19:30 – 21:30 
 
21:30 
Bus to Old Cairo & Khan Al Khalili 
 
Dinner at Naguib Mahfouz Restaurant 
 
Bus to Swiss Inn Pyramids Resort 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3
 
Day 2 
Monday, March 29, 2010 
 
Hilton Pyramids Golf Resort 
Dreamland, El Wahat Road, 6th of October City, Egypt 2500 
 
9:00 – 11:00 SESSION-3 
FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOCATALYSIS-1 
 
Chairpersons: Wayne Goodman (USA) & 
 Mohammed Ibrahim Zaki (Egypt) 
 
9:00 – 10:00 Fundamentals of Surface Reactions & Mechanisms 
 
Francisco Zaera 
University of California at Riverside 
Riverside, CA 92521, USA 
 
10:00 – 11:00 Tutorial for Characterizing Catalysts using Probe 
Molecules 
 
Mark G. White 
Mississippi State University 
Mississippi State, MS 39762-9595, USA 
 
 
11:00 – 11:30 
 
Coffee Break 
 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
 
SESSION-4 
FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOCATALYSIS-2 
 
Chairpersons: Francisco Zaera (USA) & 
 Hassan Talaat (Egypt) 
 
11:30 – 12:30 Supported Metal Clusters: Spectroscopic and 
Microscopic Evidence of Synthesis, Structure, 
Reactivity, and Catalysis 
 
Bruce Gates 
University of California at Davis 
Davis, CA 95616, USA 
 
 
 
 
 4
 
12:30 – 13:30 Nanostructured Surfaces for Sensing and 
Catalysis Applications 
 
Ahmed Galal 
Faculty of Science, University of Cairo 
Giza 12613, Egypt 
 
 
13:30 – 15:00 
 
Lunch 
 
 
16:00 – 18:00 SESSION-5 
FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOCATALYSIS-3 
 
Chairpersons: Mark White (USA) & 
 Abd El-Aziz M. Saeed (Egypt) 
 
 
16:00 – 17:00 
 
Observation of Chemical Reactions on Surfaces using 
STM. Watching Individual Molecules do their Molecular 
Dances 
 
John T Yates, Jr. 
University of Virginia 
Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA 
 
17:00 – 18:00 
 
 
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy as 
Nanoscience 
 
Hassan Talaat 
Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University 
Cairo, Egypt 
 
 
18:30 – 20:00 
 
 
 
Dinner 
 
 
 
20:00 – 22:00 
 
 
Poster Session I 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5
 
Day 3 
Tuesday, March 30, 2010 
 
Hilton Pyramids Golf Resort 
 
 
9:00 – 11:00 SESSION-6 
SUPPORTED METAL OXIDES 
 
Chairpersons: Mohamed Eddaoudi (USA) & 
 Ahmed Abd El-Menniem (Egypt) 
 
9:00 – 10:00 Synthesis and Characterization of Highly-Dispersed, 
Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts 
 
Mark G. White 
Mississippi State University 
Mississippi State, MS 39762-9595, USA 
 
10:00 – 11:00 Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Formaldehyde over 
Molybdenum Oxide Supported on Nano-
Hydroxyapatite Catalysts 
 
Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Said 
Faculty of Science, Assiut University 
Assiut, Egypt 
 
 
11:00 – 11:30 
 
Coffee Break 
 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
 
SESSION-7 
NATURAL GAS & WATER-GAS SHIFT 
 
Chairpersons: Mohammed Ibrahim Zaki (Egypt) 
 Mark White (USA) & 
 
11:30 – 12:30 Oxidative Coupling of Natural Gas using 
Nano-Membrane Technology 
 
Magdy M. Nasrallah 
Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering 
The American University in Cairo 
Cairo, Egypt 
12:30 – 13:30 Recent Developments in the Application of 
 6
 
Nanoparticles of Differently Prepared Modified Metal 
Gold / Supported Catalysts for the Water Gas Shift 
Activity 
 
Rabee Gabr 
Faculty of Science, Assiut University 
Assiut, Egypt 
 
 
13:30 – 15:00 
 
Lunch 
 
16:00 – 18:00 SESSION-8 
PETROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS 
 
Chairpersons: Samy El-Shall (USA) & 
 Magdi M. Nasralla (Egypt) 
 
16:00 – 17:00 
 
Petrochemicals Processing: Past Experience and 
Future Prospects 
 
Mohammed Elsokkary 
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) 
Cairo, Egypt 
 
17:00 – 18:00 
 
 
A View on Catalysis in the Process Development 
Department in EPRI 
 
Kadri Abu El-Gheit 
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) 
Cairo, Egypt 
 
 
18:30 – 20:00 
 
Dinner 
 
20:00 – 21:00 
 
Ethics of Scientific Publication: 
How to Write an Effective Scientific Paper 
 
Prashant V. Kamat 
University of Notre Dame 
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0579, USA 
 
 
21:00 – 22:00 
 
 
Round Table Discussion 
 
 7
 
Day 4 
Wednesday, March 31, 2010 
 
Hilton Pyramids Golf Resort 
 
 
9:00 – 11:00 SESSION-9 
NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT-1 
 
Chairpersons: Puru Jena (USA) & 
 Mona M. Bakr (Egypt) 
 
9:00 – 10:00 Carbon Nanostructures for Energy Conversion 
 
Prashant V.Kamat 
University of Notre Dame 
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-0579, USA 
 
10:00 –11:00 Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Properties of 
TiO2 Nanoparticles for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells 
 
Abd El-Hady Besheir Kashyout 
Mubarak City for Scientific Research & 
Technology Applications 
Burg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt 
 
 
11:00 – 11:30 
 
Coffee Break 
 
 
 
 
SESSION-10 
NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT-2 
 
Chairpersons: Bruce Gates (USA) & 
 Kadri Abu El-Gheit (Egypt) 
 
11:30 – 12:30 Nanomaterials in Environmental Processes 
 
Vicki Grassian 
University of Iowa 
Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA 
 
 
 
12:30 – 13:30 Fundamental Aspects of Photochemistry on TiO2 
 8
 
Surfaces-Using Sunlight for Environmental 
Remediation 
 
John T Yates, Jr. 
University of Virginia 
Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA 
 
 
13:30 – 15:00 
 
Lunch 
 
 
16:00 – 18:00 SESSION-11 
NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS 
 
Chairpersons: John Yates (USA) & 
 Abd El-Hady B. Kashyout (Egypt) 
 
16:00 – 17:00 
 
Plasmonic-Semiconductor Hybrid Nanostructures for 
Photo-Electronic Device Fabrication 
 
Mona Bakr Mohamed 
National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science 
Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 
 
17:00 – 18:00 
 
 
Design and In-situ Measurements of Catalytic 
Conversion and Electrochemical-Energy-Storage 
Materials: A Bright Future for Synchrotron-based 
Energy Science 
 
Faisal M. Alamgir 
Georgia Institute of Technology 
Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA 
 
 
18:30 – 20:00 
 
Dinner 
 
 
20:00 – 22:00 
 
 
Poster Session II 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9
 
Day 5 
Thursday, April 1, 2010 
 
Hilton Pyramids Golf Resort 
 
 
9:00 – 11:00 SESSION-12 
GOLD-BASED NANOCATALYSTS 
 
Chairpersons: Samy El-Shall (USA) & 
 Mona Bakr (Egypt) 
 
9:00 – 10:00 Confining Resonant Photons to the Nano-Gold Length 
Scale: The New Properties and Applications in 
Material Science, Nanobiology and Cancer Nano-
Medicine 
 
Mostafa El-Sayed 
Georgia Institute of Technology 
Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA 
 
10:00 – 11:00 Catalysis by Nanosized Gold: The Nature of the Active 
Site 
 
D. Wayne Goodman 
Texas A&M University 
College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA 
 
11:00 – 11:30 ASI Formal Group Photo 
Coffee Break 
 
 
 
 
SESSION-13 
IR CATALYSIS STUDIES 
 
Chairpersons: Vicki Grassian (USA) & 
 Mahmoud Khedr (Egypt) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11:30 – 12:30 Infrared Studies of Interest to Catalysis and 
Microelectronics 
 10
 
 
Francisco Zaera 
University of California at Riverside 
Riverside, CA 92521, USA 
 
12:30 – 13:30 IR Observation of Adsorptive and Catalytic 
Interactions on Metal and Metal Oxide Surfaces 
 
Mohammed Ibrahim Zaki 
Faculty of Science, El Menia University 
El Menia, Egypt 
 
 
13:30 – 15:00 
 
Lunch 
 
16:00 – 18:00 SESSION-14 
PLASMONIC & HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURED MATERILAS 
 
Chairpersons: Francisco Zaera (USA) & 
 Hassan Talaat (Egypt) 
 
16:00 – 17:00 
 
 
 
Laser Vaporization Controlled Condensation for the 
Synthesis of Supported Nanoparticle Catalysts, 
Nanoalloys & Up-Converting Nanoparticles 
 
M. Samy El-Shall 
Virginia Commonwealth University 
Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA 
 
17:00 – 18:00 
 
An Integrated Approach using Spectroscopy, 
Microscopy and Particle Sizing Methods to Investigate 
Chemistry on the Nanoscale 
 
Vicki Grassian 
University of Iowa 
Iowa City, IA 52242-1294, USA 
 
 
19:00 – 21:00 
 
 
21:00 – 22:00 
 
Sound & Light Show by the Pyramids 
 
 
Dinner 
 
 
 
 11
 
Day 6 
Friday, April 2, 2010 
 
Full Day Excursion 
 
 
 
9:00 Bus to Sakkara 
 
 
 
 
11:00 
 
Pyramids 
 
 
 
12:00 
 
Lunch at the Pyramids 
 
 
 
13:00 
 
 
 
Egyptian Museum 
 
17:30 
 
Gizyra & Nile Area 
 
 
19:00 
 
Dinner in Al Saraya Boat 
 
 
21:00 
 
Bus to Swiss Inn Pyramids Resort 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12
 
Day 7 
Saturday, April 3, 2010 
 
Hilton Pyramids Golf Resort 
 
 
 
 
9:00 – 11:00 SESSION-15 
DESIGN & SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY 
APPLICATIONS 
 
Chairpersons: Lotfia El Nadi (Egypt) & 
 Joseph Francisco (USA) 
 
 
9:00 – 10:15 Design of Nanomaterials for Energy Applications 
 
Puru Jena 
Virginia Commonwealth University 
Richmond, VA 23284, USA 
 
10:15 – 11:00 Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of New 
Materials for Hydrogen Storage 
 
Nahla Isamil 
National Research Centre 
Cairo, Egypt 
 
 
11:00 – 11:30 
 
Coffee Break 
 
11:30 – 13:15 
 
 
SESSION-16 
HIGH SURFACE AREA MATERIALS 
 
Chairpersons: Prashant Kamat (USA) & 
 Nahla Isamil (Egypt) 
 
11:30 – 12:30 Metal-Organic Materials: 
Strategies toward Functional Porous Materials 
 
Mohamed Eddaoudi 
The University of South Florida 
Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA 
 
 13
 
12:30 – 13:15 Acid Catalyzed Organic Transformations by Heteropoly 
Tungstophosphoric Acid Supported on MCM-41 and 
MIL-101 
 
Abd Elrahman Khedr 
El- Mansoura University 
El-Mansoura, Egypt 
 
13:15 – 14:45 
 
Lunch 
 
15:30 – 18:00 SESSION-17 
ATMOSPHERIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CATALYSIS 
 
Chairpersons: Puru Jena (USA) & 
 Ahmed Galal (Egypt) 
 
15:30 – 16:30 
 
Atmospheric Processes on Aerosol and Cloud Surface
 
 
Joseph S. Francisco 
Purdue University 
West Lafayette, Indiana, USA 
 
16:30 – 17:15 
 
 
Nanocatalysts for CO Oxidation on Different Supports: 
Mesopourous MCM-41, MIL-101 & Mixed Metal Oxides 
 
Hassan M. Ahmed Hassan 
Suez Canal University 
Suez, Egypt 
 
17:15 – 18:00 
 
 
New Nano-Crystalline Electrode Materials for Green 
Hydrogen Fuel Production from Seawater Electrolysis 
 
Ahmed Abd El-Menniem 
German University in Cairo 
Cairo, Egypt 
 
18:30 – 20:00 Dinner 
 
20:00 – 21:30 
 
Round Table Discussion 
Samy El-Shall & Mostafa El-Sayed 
 
ASI Evaluation 
 
 
 14
 
Day 8 
Sunday, April 4, 2010 
 
Hilton Pyramids Golf Resort 
 
 
 
 
9:00 – 10:45 SESSION-18 
CARBON NANOTUBES 
 
Chairpersons: Osama Fouad (Egypt) & 
 Faisal Alamgir (USA) 
 
9:00 – 10:00 
 
 
 
Metallic and Bimetallic Nanocatalysts for the Economic 
Synthesis of Decorated Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) for 
Environmental Applications 
 
Mahmoud H. Khedr 
Faculty of Science, Benisuef university 
Benisuef, Egypt 
 
10:00 – 10:45 
 
 
 
 
Heating and Cooling Dynamics of Carbon Nanotubes 
Observed by Temperature-Jump Spectroscopy and 
Electron Microscopy 
 
Omar F. Mohammed 
Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical 
Physics California Institute of Technology 
Pasadena 
CA 91125, USA 
 
 
11:30 
 
 
 
Bus to NRC 
 
Boxed Lunch on the Bus 
 
 
 
 15
 
 
Day 8 
Sunday, April 4, 2010 
 
International Collaboration & 
ASI Conclusions 
 
National Research Centre, Cairo 
 
 
13:00 – 15:00 SESSION-19 
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION 
 
Chairperson: Samy El-Shall 
 
13:00 – 14:00 Funding Opportunities in International Collaborations 
for Materials Research and Education 
 
Zakya Kafafi 
Director, Division of Materials Research (DMR) 
National Science Foundation (NSF) 
Arlington, VA 22230, USA 
 
14:00 – 15:00 Overview of the American Chemical Society and U.S. 
efforts to celebrate the International Year of Chemistry 
2011 
 
Joseph S. FranciscoPresident 
American Chemical Society 
 
 
15:00 – 15:30 
 
Coffee Break 
 
15:30 – 16:30 
 
SESSION-20 
CONCLUSIONS & OUTLOOK 
 
Chairperson: Mostafa El-Sayed 
 
15:30 – 16:00 ASI Conclusions 
 
Samy El-Shall 
 
 
 
 16
 
 
16:00 – 16:30 
 
Closing Remarks 
 
Professor Ashraf Shaalan 
President 
National Research Centre 
 
 
 
17:00 
 
Bus to Nile Cruise 
 
 
 
18:00 
 
Nile Cruise Farewell Dinner 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 17
 
 
ABSTRACTS 
 
 
 
 
 
First Day 
Sunday, March 28, 2010 
 
 
 
 
 
PLENARY SESSION-1 
NANOMATERIALS & CATALYSIS 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
Lecture 1 
The Use of the Nanoscale Confinement Properties of Nanoparticles in 
Some Applications to Environmental, Catalytic and Energy Research 
Mostafa El-Sayed 
 
Lecture 2 
Catalysis from Single Crystals to Nanoparticles & Energy Applications 
D. Wayne Goodman 
PLENARY SESSION-2 
NANOMATERIALS & SOLAR CELLS 
14:45 – 16:45 
 
Lecture 1 
Nanostructure Nanoassemblies for Next Generation Solar Cells 
Prashant V. Kamat 
 
Lecture 2 
The Rise of Graphene: Catalysis & Nanocomposite Applications 
M. Samy El-Shall 
 
 18
 
Sunday March 28, 2010; 11:30 
 
 
The Use of the Nanoscale Confinement Properties of Nanoparticles in 
Some Applications to Environmental, Catalytic and Energy Research 
 
Mostafa A. El-Sayed 
Laser Dynamics Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology 
Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA 
E-mail: mostafa.el-sayed@chemistry.gatech.edu 
 
 
Reducing the size of material to the nanometer scale confines the motion of its 
electrons (as in quantum dots used in Bio-labeling) ,the reactants in a chemical 
reaction which enhances reaction rates (as in nano-reactors), the phonons which heats 
up and speeds up reaction rates and photons which enhances the electro-magnetic 
fields of plasmonic gold and silver nano-particles The potential use of these new 
nano-properties are discussed in the catalytic destruction of some pollutants, in 
reducing the activation energy in catalysis and in the plasmonic enhancements of the 
radiative properties of bio-intermediates useful in solar energy conversion by the 
bacterio-rhodopsin photo-synthetic system. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 19
 
Sunday March 28, 2010; 12:30 
 
 
Catalysis from Single Crystals to Nanoparticles & Energy 
Applications 
 
D. W. Goodman 
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 
 College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA 
E-mail: goodman@mail.chem.tamu.edu 
 
The electronic, structural, and chemical properties of unsupported mixed-metal 
surfaces prepared either as single crystals or thin films have been detailed and 
contrasted with the corresponding properties of supported mixed-metal nanoclusters. 
The latter vary in size from a few atoms to many and have been prepared on ultrathin 
single crystalline oxide supports of TiO2, Al2O3, and SiO2. An array of surface 
techniques including reaction kinetics of vinyl acetate synthesis have been used to 
correlate catalytic function of these surfaces with their physical and electronic 
properties. Recent studies of mixed-metal catalysts prepared by alloying Pd with Au 
will be highlighted [1-7]. 
 
Thin film Pt-Co alloy electrocatalysts have been characterized using low energy ion 
scattering spectroscopy (LEISS), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low 
energy electron diffraction (LEED), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and 
electrochemical measurements. This combined approach is used to correlate the 
electrocatalytic activity of Pt-Co toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with 
the surface properties of the catalyst before and after the electrochemical 
measurements. LEISS shows that Pt-Co films form a stable and well-ordered alloy at 
the outmost layer when annealed to sufficiently high temperatures. The surface phase 
diagram of co-deposited Pt-Co films shows preferential Pt segregation to the surface. 
Based on the open-circuit cell potential (OCP) in an O2-saturated sulfuric acid 
electrolyte, Pt3Co thin films exhibit the highest OCP compared to other Pt-Co bulk 
compositions. A limited amount of Co was dissolved immediately upon exposure to 
an electrochemical environment and the fraction stripped was found to be dependent 
of the applied potential. 
 
 
References 
 
1. M. S. Chen and D. W. Goodman, Science, 306, 252 (2004). 
2. M. S. Chen and D. W. Goodman, Accts Chem. Res, 39, 739 (2006). 
3. M. S. Chen, D. Kumar, C.-W. Yi and D. W. Goodman, Science, 310, 291 (2005). 
4. M. S. Chen, Y. Cai, Z. Yan and D. W. Goodman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 128, 6341(2006). 
5. C. W. Yi, K. Luo, T. Wei and D. W. Goodman, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 18535 (2005). 
6. P. Han, S. Axnanda, I. Lyubinetsky, and D. W. Goodman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 14355 
(2007). 
7. F. Gao, Y. Wang, and D. W. Goodman, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131, 5734 (2009). 
 
 20
 
Sunday March 28, 2010; 14:45 
 
 
Nanostructure Nanoassemblies for Next Generation Solar Cells 
 
Prashant V. Kamat 
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemical and 
Biomolecular Engineering, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, 
Notre Dame, IN 46556 
E-mail: pkamat@nd.edu 
 
 
Environmentally friendly energy resources are needed to meet our clean energy 
demand. Semiconductor nanoparticle and nanotube assemblies provide new ways to 
develop next generation solar cells.[1-4]. Of particular interest is the 
nanowire/nanotube architecture which can significantly improve the efficiency of 
nanostructure based solar cells. We have now developed quantum dot solar cells by 
assembling different size CdSe quantum dots on TiO2 films composed of particle and 
nanotube morphologies (Scheme 1). Upon bandgap excitation, CdSe quantum dots 
inject electrons into TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotubes, thus enabling the generation of 
photocurrent in a photoelectrochemical solar cell. These composite semiconductor 
nanostructures can be tailored to tune the photoelectrochemical response via size 
control of CdSe quantum dots and improve the photoconversion efficiency by 
facilitating the charge transport through TiO2 nanotube architecture. Ways to improve 
power conversion efficiency and maximize the light harvesting capability through the 
construction of a rainbow solar cell and carbon nanotube-semiconductor hybrid 
assemblies will be presented. The salient features of carbon nanotube and graphene 
scaffolds [5, 6] for facilitating charge collection and charge transport will also be 
discussed. 
 
 
Scheme1. CdSe quantum dots linked to (a) TiO2 nanoparticle and (b) TiO2 nanotube 
films. (c) Energy level diagram depicting electron injection from CdSe quantum dots 
into TiO2. 
 
 
References 
 
1. Kamat, P. V., Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Light 
Harvesters. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2008, 112, 18737-18753. 
 21
 
2. Kongkanand, A.; Tvrdy, K.; Takechi, K.; Kuno, M. K.; Kamat, P. V., Quantum Dot Solar 
Cells. Tuning Photoresponse through Size and Shape Control of CdSe-TiO2 Architecture. 
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 4007-4015. 
3. Farrow, B.; Kamat, P. V., CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells. Shuttling Electrons 
through Stacked Carbon Nanocups J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2009, 131, 11124-11131. 
4. Brown, P.; Kamat, P. V., Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Electrophoretic Deposition of CdSe-
C60 Composite Films and Capture of Photogenerated Electrons with nC60 Cluster Shell. J. 
Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 8890–8891. 
5. Kongkanand, A.; Kamat, P. V., Electron Storage in Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. 
Fermi Level Equilibration in Semiconductor–SWCNT Suspensions. ACSNano, 2007, 1, 
13-21. 
6. Williams, G.; Seger, B.; Kamat, P. V., TiO2-Graphene Nanocomposites. UV-Assisted 
Photocatalytic Reduction of Graphene Oxide. ACS Nano, 2008, 2, 1487-1491. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22
 
Sunday March 28, 2010; 15:45 
 
 
The Rise of Graphene: Catalysis and Nanocomposite Applications 
 
M. Samy El-Shall 
Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University 
Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA 
E-mail: mselshal@vcu.edu 
 
 
Graphene has attracted great interest both for a fundamental understanding of its 
unique structural and electronic properties and for important potential applications in 
nanoelectronics and devices. The combination of highest mobility, thermal, chemical 
and mechanical stability with the high surface area offers many interesting 
applications in a wide range of fields including heterogeneous catalysis where 
metallic and bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts can be efficiently dispersed on the 
graphene sheets. 
 
We have developed a facile and scalable chemical reduction method assisted by 
microwave irradiation1 for the synthesis of chemically converted graphene sheets and 
metal nanoparticles dispersed on the graphene sheets.2 In this talk we will present 
another novel method for the synthesis of graphene from graphite oxide by a fast laser 
irradiation process that does not involve the use chemical reducing agents and allows 
the production of high quality graphene for many applications in electronics, devices 
and catalyst support. 
 
We will also present several examples of nanocatalysis involving metallic and 
bimetallic supported nanoparticle catalysts.2,3 However, the most interesting study 
involves the use of a palladium/graphene (Pd/G) nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 
complex organic molecules using the Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira coupling 
reactions. These reactions have typically been performed under homogeneous 
conditions to enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity for specific reactions. 
However, the issues associated with homogeneous catalysis remain a challenge to the 
broader application of these synthetic tools due to the lack of recyclability and 
potential contamination from residual metal in the reaction product. 
 
Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the Pd/G is a high active catalyst for 
the Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira C-C coupling reactions. This highly catalytic 
activity is accompanied by an unusual recyclability of the catalyst, over seven times, 
with essentially no drop in activity and a reaction that achieves 100% yield. Reasons 
for the exceptional activity and stability of the Pd/G catalyst will be discussed. 
 
 
References 
 
1. V. Abdelsayed, A. Aljarash, and M. S. El-Shall, Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 2825-2834. 
2. M. S. El-Shall, V. Abdelsayed, A. S. Khder, H. M. A. Hassan, H. M. El-Kaderi, and T. 
Reich, J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 7625-7631. 
3. H. M. A. Hassan, V. Abdelsayed, A. S. Khder, K. M. AbouZeid, J. Terner and M. S. El-
Shall, J. Mater. Chem., 2009, 19, 3832-3837. 
 23
 
 
 
ABSTRACTS 
 
 
 
Second Day 
Monday, March 29, 2010 
 
 
 
SESSION-3 
FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOCATALYSIS-1 
9:00 – 11:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Fundamentals of Surface Reactions & Mechanisms 
Francisco Zaera 
Lecture 2 
Tutorial for Characterizing Catalysts using Probe Molecules 
Mark G. White 
 
SESSION-4 
FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOCATALYSIS-2 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
Lecture 1 
Supported Metal Clusters: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Evidence of Synthesis, 
Structure, Reactivity, and Catalysis 
Bruce Gates 
Lecture 2 
Nanostructured Surfaces for Sensing and Catalysis Applications 
Ahmed Galal 
SESSION-5 
FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOCATALYSIS-3 
16:00 – 18:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Observation of Chemical Reactions on Surfaces using STM. Watching Individual 
Molecules do their Molecular Dances 
John T Yates, Jr. 
Lecture 2 
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy as Nanoscience 
Hassan Talaat 
 
 24
 
 
Monday March 29, 2010; 9:00 
 
 
Fundamentals of Surface Reactions and Mechanisms 
 
Francisco Zaera 
Department of Chemistry 
University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 
E-mail: zaera@ucr.edu 
 
 
Achieving high selectivities is arguably the main challenge in heterogeneous catalysis 
in the 21st century: more selective catalysis may not only be cheaper because it does 
not waste reactants or require expensive separation procedures, but also greener, 
avoiding the generation of polluting byproducts. Control of selectivity in 
heterogeneous catalysis has traditionally been hampered by both a lack of 
understanding of the molecular details that define such selectivity and the limited 
range of synthetic tools available to make catalysts with the specific properties 
required. However, progress in surface science as well as in nanotechnology and self-
assembly synthesis is changing that. Here we report on studies from our laboratory 
using model systems to pinpoint the mechanistic factors that define selectivity in a 
number of increasingly subtle hydrocarbon hydrogenation and dehydrogenation 
reactions. The first examples show how the regioselectivity of hydrogen elimination 
from alkyl species adsorbed on metals is affected by the electronic properties of the 
surface: while nickel promotes the extraction of hydrogen atoms from the carbon 
directly bonded to the surface, a step that leads to undesirable cracking reactions, 
platinum allows for dehydrogenation further down the hydrocarbon chain and 
therefore facilitate more desirable isomerization processes. In a second set of 
examples, the issue of selectivity in alkene isomerizations involving either double-
bond migrations or cis-trans interconversions is addressed. In those cases the key 
mechanistic steps require hydrogen abstraction from a ! carbon in the hydrocarbon 
chain (the second from the surface), and selectivity is defined by steric considerations 
around the different hydrogens available at those positions. A particular exciting 
observation from our work in this area is the unique ability that close-packed surfaces 
of platinum have in promoting the thermodynamically unfavorable but highly 
desirable conversion of trans alkenes to their cis counterparts; new shape-controlled 
catalysts were prepared to take advantage of that behavior. Finally, the more subtle 
issue of enantioselectivity is discussed. Chiral compounds can be produced via 
hydrogenation of so called prochiral reactants such as asymmetric ketones, but regular 
metal catalysts are achiral and therefore lead to the production of racemic mixtures. 
However, chirality can be bestowed on catalytic surfaces by the adsorption of chiral 
modifiers. Individual molecules of these modifiers may be able, by themselves, to 
provide the required chiral environment on the surface for such enantioselectivity, as 
is the case with cinchona alkaloids, but simpler molecules may also assemble into 
chiral supramolecular structures held together by the surface; in both cases, a specific 
surface chiral site is produced with the help of molecular adsorbates. The examples to 
be discussed in this presentation not only highlight the need to design and prepare 
heterogeneous catalysts with sophisticated surface sites in order to promote reactions 
selectively, but also hint at some of the tools available to accomplish that task. 
 25
 
 
Monday March 29, 2010; 10:00 
 
 
Tutorial for Characterizing Catalysts using Probe Molecules 
 
Mark G. White 
Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering 
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9595 
E-mail: white@che.msstate.edu 
 
 
I. Description of heterogeneous catalysts 
II. Characterizing total surface areaof materials 
a. Non-porous 
b. Porous 
i. Pores characterized by two-dimension (cylindrical pores) 
ii. Pores characterized by thee-dimensions (slit-shaped pores) 
iii. Plug-gauge total adsorption experiments in zeolites 
III. Characterizing the active surface area of supported metal catalysts 
a. Supported Pt 
i. H2 titration 
ii. CO titration 
b. Supported Cu 
i. N2O titration 
ii. H2/O2 redox 
iii. H2S poisoning experiments 
IV. Characterizing the active surface area of supported metal oxide catalysts 
a. Acid catalysts 
i. Lewis acidity 
1. Perylene titration 
2. Pyridine IR 
3. NO titration of Cu(II) oxide 
ii. Brønsted acidity 
1. Pyridine IR 
2. Hexamethyldisilazane reaction with surface protons 
iii. Titrating strength of acid sites 
1. 13C-NMR-MAS of labeled acetone to determine acid 
strengths. 
2. Temperature programmed desorption of a base 
molecule 
3. Microcalorimetry -TGA of a base molecule desorption 
b. Base catalysts 
i. Titration with carbon dioxide--hydrotalcite 
ii. Titration with benzoic acid—titania 
iii. Titration with sulfur dioxide—supported MgO/alumina 
c. Zeolite catalysts 
i. Titrating the internal, reactive surface area and total reactive 
surface areas with reactive probe molecules of differing sizes. 
 26
 
ii. Hoffmann elimination reaction in zeolites to determine the 
framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. 
 
Monday March 29, 2010; 11:30 
 
 
Supported Metal Clusters: Spectroscopic and Microscopic Evidence 
of Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Catalysis 
 
Bruce C. Gates 
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 
University of California at Davis, CA 95616 USA 
E-mail: bcgates@ucdavis.edu 
 
 
Metal clusters on supports are an important class of industrial catalyst, but 
understanding of their structures is hindered by the smallness and nonuniformity of 
the clusters and by the heterogeneity of the supports and the nonuniformity of the 
metal–support interactions. In attempts to gain fundamental understanding of this 
class of catalyst, we have strived to prepare uniform and well-defined metal clusters 
on supports that are themselves uniform or facilitate the structural characterization. 
The supported metal clusters were prepared from organometallic precursors (e.g., 
Ir(C2H4)2(acac), Rh(C2H4)2(acac), Ru3(CO)12, and Os3(CO)12), imaged with atomic 
resolution by use of aberration-corrected STEM, and characterized with methods 
including extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray absorption near 
edge structure (XANES), and infrared (IR) spectroscopies. The quantitative structural 
characterizations provide the strongest evidence available demonstrating how EXAFS 
and TEM agree and reinforce each other in the determination of cluster sizes (Fig. 1). 
Transient spectra demonstrate the steps in bimetallic cluster formation on MgO from 
Ru3(CO)12 and Os3(CO)12 in the presence of H2 (Fig. 2) and provide more 
fundamental information about cluster synthesis than has been obtained for solution 
reactions, which are complicated by solvent effects. The reversible formation and 
breakup of tetrairidium clusters on a zeolite support was followed in real time with 
EXAFS, XANES, and IR spectroscopies, and the data show how it is possible to tune 
the structures of catalytically active species by choice of the reactive atmosphere. 
Results such as these place the chemistry of supported metal clusters on an essentially 
molecular foundation and provide links to the chemistry of supported metals more 
generally. 
 
 27
 
 
 
 Figure 1. Cluster sizes determined by EXAFS spectroscopy and TEM. 
 
 
First Steps of Bimetallic Cluster Formation
1. Decarbonylation and aggregation of Ru clusters
2. Decarbonylation of Os clusters
3. Bimetallic cluster formation 
 
 
Figure. 2. Schematic representation of steps in bimetallic cluster formation from 
Ru3(CO)12 and Os3(CO)12 on MgO in the presence of H2. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 28
 
 
Monday March 29, 2010; 12:30 
 
 
Nano-Structured Surfaces for Sensing and Catalysis Applications 
 
Nada F. Atta, Soher A. Darwish, Shimaa M. Ali, Maher F. El-Kady, 
Ali M. Abdel Mageed, Hatem M. Amin, Rasha A. Ahmed, Ikram Hamdy, 
Eman F. Mohamed, Yasser M. Abdel Rahman, Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Ahmed Galal* 
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science 
University of Cairo, Postal Code 12613, Giza-Egypt 
Email: galalah1@yahoo.com 
 
 
Most of chemical transformations take place at the interface between two phases. The 
chemical and physical structure of the surface of a solid substrate can be tailor 
designed for specific and selective reactions. Several applications benefits from this 
approach, for instance electrochemical sensor is an example for the determination of 
biological and organic molecules. Molecular recognition that is the specific 
interaction between two or more entities, generally molecules through non-covalent 
interactions such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, 
electro-static interactions, coordination or pi-pi-interactions is another example. In 
some cases, the interaction is defined as host-guest where molecular recognition 
exhibit molecular complementary resulting structures. Some models for the 
applications of polymer surfaces modified with nano-structured metals for the 
determination of neurotransmitters will be presented. 
 
The smallest molecule could be considered as diatomic hydrogen with a length close 
to 150 picometer (that is equivalent to 1.50 Å). Small organic molecules, on the other 
hand, used as precursors for synthetic reactions have dimensions ranging from few Å 
to some 100 Å. Industrial catalysis generally takes place at the nanoscale (or sub-
nanoscale). Most of the catalysts are made of metal particles of a few nanometers in 
size and in particular all the elementary reaction steps occur at the atomic (or 
molecular) scale. Thus, catalysis seems to be intrinsically a nanoscale phenomenon. 
Therefore, the word nanocatalysis, should not apply to the catalytic phenomenon itself 
but to the intrinsic properties of the catalysts, that may change in the nanoscale. The 
most important property which influences catalysis is the electronic structure. The 
evolution of binding energy of valence electrons affects the change in catalytic 
properties. In fact, it depends on the exact number of atoms in the cluster. When the 
clusters, however, reach a size of about 30–50 atoms, the electronic structure evolves 
smoothly towards the bulk limit. 
 
We will present our recent findings for a new class of perovskites that is synthesized 
using microwave technique. The prepared perovskites were used in the catalytic 
production of hydrogen gas. Other, surfaces were also prepared from nano-deposited 
metal particles for selective determination of neurotransmitters. Several advantages 
were realized using the newly prepared surfaces; these include high efficiency in 
production of hydrogen and high selectivity of given chemical species in complex 
matrices. 
 
 29
 
 
References 
 
1- Electrodeposited metals at conducting polymer electrodes. I- Effect of particle size 
and film thickness on electrochemical response, Nada F. Atta, A. Galal, F. Khalifa, 
Appl. Surf. Sci., 253, 4273–4282, (2007). 
2- Electrodeposited metals at conducting polymer electrodes. II- Study of the oxidation 
of methanol at poly(3-methylthiophene) modified with Pt-Pd co-catalyst, Ahmed 
Galal, Nada F. Atta, Soher A. Darwish, Shimaa M. Ali, Topics in Catalysis, 47, 73-
83, (2008). 
3- Palladium nanoclusters-coated poly(furan) as a novel sensor for catecholamine 
neurotransmitters and paracetamol, Nada F. Atta, Maher F. El-Kady, A. Galal, Sens. 
Actuators, B,141, 566-574, (2009). 
4- Smart electrochemical sensor for some neurotransmitters using imprinted sol–gel 
films, Nada F. Atta, Ali M. Abdel-Mageed, Talanta, 80, 511-518, (2009). 
5- Electrocatalytic evolution of hydrogen on a novel SrPdO3 perovskite electrode, A. 
Galal, Nada F. Atta, Soher A. Darwish, Ahmed Abdel Fatah, Shimaa M. Ali, J. Power 
Sources, 195, 3806-3809, (2010). 
6- Synthesis, structure and catalytic activity of nano-structured Sr-Ru-O type perovskite 
for hydrogen production, A. Galal, Shimaa M. Ali, Soher A. Darwish, Ahmed A. Abd 
El Fatah, Nada F. Atta, in press, Appl. Catal.A:General, 
doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2010.02.015 (2010). 
7- Determination of catecholamines and other compounds using pd nanoclusters poly 
(N-methylpyrrole) electrode in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids, Nada F. Atta, 
Maher F. El-Kady and Ahmed Galal, in press, Anal. Biochem., 
doi:10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.001, (2010) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30
 
 
Monday March 29, 2010; 16:00 
 
 
Observation of Chemical Reactions on Surfaces using STM-
Watching Individual Molecules do their Molecular Dances 
 
John T. Yates, Jr. 
Department of Chemistry 
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 
E-mail: johnt@virginia.edu 
 
 
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has revolutionized the investigation of 
surface chemistry. In this talk I will show how the microscope was developed 
historically and some recent applications to the study of chemical reactivity on the 
Au(111) surface. The microscope has been used to study the adsorption of the 
simplest alkane thiol- CH3SH, observing the breaking of the S-H bond in this 
molecule, yielding a CH3S species. Remarkably, a Au adatom from the interior of the 
solid Au is involved in the surface bonding to produce CH3-S-Au-CH3 surface 
species. Also the disulfide, CH3SSCH3 can be used to make surface thiolate layers by 
scission of the S-S bond, and it will be shown how a free radical chain reaction occurs 
amongst self-assembled disulfide molecules on Au(111) and Au(001) surfaces. These 
observations of a chain reaction provide the first molecular details of this well-known 
reaction type since its discovery in the gas phase in the 1920's. 
 
 
 31
 
Monday March 29, 2010; 17:00 
 
 
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy as Nanoscience 
 
Hassan Talaat 
Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt 
E-mail: hassantalaat@hotmail.com 
 
 
The discovery of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) more than 30 years ago, 
of adsorbed molecules on rough Ag electrodes[1], has opened a new field that can be 
truly scribed as the first nanoscience [2]. In SERS the Raman spectra of molecules on 
specially prepared metal surfaces (nanoparticles) is observed to have intensity that 
exceeds by 5 to 14 orders of magnitude[3,4] what is excepted in the absence of these 
nanoparticles. Since the inception of SERS, the origin of such enhancement has been 
reasoned to electromagnetic ( EM )effect and to chemical ( charge transfer ) effect. 
The first, has been demonstrated to give the major part (up to 11 orders of magnitude 
) of the enhancement , and is the result of highly concentrated EM fields associated 
with strong localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) at interstitial sites of the 
metal nanostructure surfaces with closely spaced features. The second effect generally 
results in a 2 or 3 order of magnitude [2] enhancement is not discussed in this 
presentation. Theoretical and computational studies have shown that LSPR 
enhancement depends critically on the size and specific geometry of the 
nanostructured metal particles as well as the separation between these particles. . In 
this work, gold nanoparticles of different shapes (spheres, nanorods, etched prisms, 
and sharp prisms)have been prepared using the seed mediated growth method to act as 
substrates for Raman measurements. Also array of regularly oriented gold nanoprisms 
were prepared using the nanosphere lithography (NSL), as well as electron beam 
lithography (EBL), have been used to study the effect of the interparticle distance on 
SERS. Our results demonstrate that the sharp prisms give the highest SERS 
enhancements, and that the variation of the enhancement is exponentially decreasing 
with increasing the interstitial distance between the nanoprisms. 
 
 
References 
 
[1] Fleischman,M.P.;Hendra,J.;McQuillan,A.Chem.Phys.Lett. 1974,26,163 66; 
Jeanmaire,D.L.;Van ,Duyne ,R.P.J. Electroanal.Chem.1977,84,120; 
Albrecht,M.G.;Creighton,J.A.J.Am.Chem. Soc.1977,99, 5215-5217. 
[2] Moskovits,M.J.RamanSpectrosc.2005,36,485. 
[3] Nie,S.;Emory,S.R.Science1997,275,1102-1106. 
[4] Kneipp,K.;Wang,Y.;Kneipp,H.;Itzkan,I.;Dasari,R.R.;Feld, 
M.S.Phys.Rev.Lett.1996,76,2444-2447. 
 32
 
 
 
ABSTRACTS 
 
Third Day 
Tuesday, March 30, 2010 
 
 
 
 
 
SESSION-6 
SUPPORTED METAL OXIDES 
9:00 – 11:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly-Dispersed, Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts 
Mark G. White 
 
Lecture 2 
Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Formaldehyde over Molybdenum Oxide Supported on 
Nano-Hydroxyapatite Catalysts 
Abd El-Aziz Mohamed Said 
 
SESSION-7 
NATURAL GAS & WATER-GAS SHIFT 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
Lecture 1 
Oxidative Coupling of Natural Gas using Nano-Membrane Technology 
Magdy M. Nasrallah 
 
Lecture 2 
Recent Developments in the Application of Nanoparticles of Differently Prepared Modified 
Metal Gold / Supported Catalysts for the Water Gas Shift Activity 
Rabee Gabr 
 
SESSION-8 
PETROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS 
16:00 – 18:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Petrochemicals Processing: Past Experience and Future Prospects 
Mohammed Elsokkary 
 
Lecture 2 
A View on Catalysis in the Process Development Department in EPRI 
Kadri Abu El-Gheit 
 33
 
Tuesday March 30, 2010; 9:00 
 
 
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly-Dispersed, 
Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts 
 
Mark G. White 
Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering 
Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9595 
E-mail: white@che.msstate.edu 
 
 
I. Description of the approach using polynuclear metal complexes as catalyst 
precursors 
a. Mechanisms for attaching metal complexes to oxide surfaces 
b. Influence of support surface chemistry upon the attachment 
mechanisms 
II. Types of metal complexes used 
a. Cationic metal complexes 
b. Neutral metal complexes 
III. Modeling the attachment of metal complexes to oxide supports 
a. Semi-empirical MO methods to predict equilibrium geometries 
b. Semi-empirical MO methods to predict IR of supported metal 
complexes 
IV. Characterizing the supported metal complexes 
a. Powder XRD 
b. FTIR of supported metal complexes, effect of loading 
c. Thermal decomposition of supported metal complexes 
d. Gravimetric adsorption of probe molecules 
e. Magnetic methods to characterize selected metal complexes on 
supports 
f. UV-Vis methods to characterize selected metal complexes on supports 
g. Characterization of supported metal complexes by EXAFS 
V. Use of decomposed metal complexes on support as adsorbents and catalysts 
a. Copper-based systems 
b. Vanadium-based systems 
c. Titanium-based systems 
d. Gold-based systems 
e. Mixed metal oxides as weak acids 
f. Supported MgO as a selective adsorbent for SO2 
 34
 
Tuesday March 30, 2010; 10:00 
 
 Selective Oxidation of Methanol to Formaldehyde Over 
Molybdenum Oxide Supported on Nano-Hydroxyapatite Catalysts 
 
 Abd EL-Aziz A Said*, Mohamed M M Abd El-Wahab and Alian M. Alian 
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science 
Assiut, University, Assiut, Egypt 
E-mail: a.a.said@aun.ed.eg 
 
 
Nano-hydroxyapatite -supported different ratios ofmolybdenum oxide (1 to 50 % 
w/w) were prepared by the impregnation method and calcinated at 400, 500, 600 and 
700 oC in a static air atmosphere. The catalysts were characterized by 
thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTA), FT-IR spectroscopy, 
X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen sorption measurements. The surface acidity 
and basicity of the catalyst was investigated by the dehydration-dehydrogenation of 
isopropanol pyridine and 2,6-dimethyl pyridine. The gas–phase oxidation of methanol 
to formaldehyde was carried out in a conventional fixed flow bed reactor. The 
obtained results clearly showed that hydroxyapatite–MoO3 systems were active and 
selective towards the formation of formaldehyde. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 35
 
Tuesday March 30, 2010; 11:30 
 
 
Oxidative Coupling of Natural Gas using Nano-Membrane 
Technology 
 
Magdy M. Nasrallah 
Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering 
The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt 
Email: magdinas@aucegypt.edu 
 
& 
 
Jasmine Abdel Raouf 
Department of Chemical Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 
 
 
Natural gas, containing primarily (>95%) methane, is a resource that rivals liquid 
petroleum in abundance. With inevitable depletion of liquid petroleum and a 
concomitant increase in natural gas reserves, it is expected that methane will 
eventually become a major resource for chemicals and liquid fuels. Both direct and 
indirect routes have been studied for Methane convertion. The indirect route relies on 
production of synthesis gas (H2 and CO mixture) by steam reforming or partial 
oxidative reaction of methane, followed by conversion of the synthesis gas to higher 
hydrocarbons by Fischer Tropsch process. The representative method in the direct 
route is oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethane and ethylene, a feedstock for 
synthesis of liquid fuels or a large number of synthetic materials. In OCM, CH4 and 
O2 react over a catalyst, mostly oxides, at elevated temperatures to form C2 products 
(ethane and ethylene). However, the reaction often leads to the formation of the 
thermodynamically more favored CO2. It is generally agreed that OCM on an oxide 
catalyst follows a unique heterogeneous-homogeneous reaction mechanism: methyl 
radicals are generated on the solid surface and coupled to form C2 in the gas phase. 
The CO2 is formed by oxidizing carbon containing species mostly in the gas phase, 
and possibly also on the catalyst surface. The inherent problem is that oxygen 
required for OCM can react with CH4 and C2 products to form CO2 and a higher 
selectivity is always compromised with a lower C2 yield on all catalysts to about 25% 
which is lower than the economically attractive C2 yield threshold (30%). 
Nanotechnology has been proposed for membrane development with the objective of 
optimizing charge transport and enhancing OCM for optimum transformation to 
higher hydrocarbons and liquefaction. Among numerous perovskite–type oxides 
studied, La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-d (LSCF) series, have attracted increasing attentions. The 
principal investigator published numerous papers related to the LSCF-type perovskite 
applications. This work exploits nano membrane materials of the LSCF type oxides 
with particle size ranging from 15 to 20 nm. These features resulted in the attractive 
improvement of performance. Nano scale structures have received significant 
attention, the properties can change by the size because of quantum effect when the 
size is reduced to nanometer level. The decrease of the size is also expected to 
enhance the catalytic activity, due to the resulting increase of the total surface area 
and active sites with unsaturated bonding. A parametric study is carried out in an 
attempt to investigate the effect of the nano structure on the defect concentration, 
 36
 
oxygen vacancies, and the flux of oxygen through the membrane. Also, its affect on 
the kinetics, the rate, the selectivity, and the yield of the OCM reactions will be 
addressed. 
 
 
 37
 
Tuesday March 30, 2010; 12:30 
 
 
Recent Developments in the Application of the Nanoparticles of 
Differently Prepared Modified Metal Gold /Supported Catalysts for 
the Water Gas Shift Activity 
 
Rabei M. Gabr 
Chemistry Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 
E-mail: madmodie1982@yahoo.com, 
mohammed.accountonline@gmail.com 
 
 
The Water gas Shift (WGS) reaction (H2O+CO!H2+CO) is an important step in a 
number of chemical processes for the production of H2.Athough the WGS technology 
is well established and widely used in large scale steady-state operation, such as 
hydrogen or ammonia plants, the interest for the WGS reaction has been growing 
significantly in the last years, as a result of the important advance in fuel cell 
technology. 
 
In addition, the (WGS) reaction is a historic reaction system. It plays a pivotal role in 
various industrial fields such as steam reforming of methanol, ammonia synthesis and 
conversion of syngas into a variety of important chemicals. 
 
Moreover; the promotion of WGS activity are of the main roles played by different 
metal/support catalyst in the automobile three-way catalysts, due to its ability to 
enlarge fast reduction/oxidation cycles. 
 
The main actor in a catalytic process is the catalyst which often consists of small 
metal particles dispersed on an inert support. The metal particles are the key 
components of the catalyst. The activity of the catalyst will generally depend on the 
size of metal particles, where a catalyst with small particles will give high activity due 
to the large number of atoms available on the metal particles surfaces. 
 
The water gas shift (WGS) activity of different metals/support catalysts has been 
studied. Two different techniques were used for the preparation of the catalyst-
deposition-precipitation and modified version of deposition- precipitation. 
 
The affect of different synthesis procedures on the WGS activity has been followed 
using HRTEM combined with EDS, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR In order to examine 
the molecules involved in the forward as well as the reverse WGS reactions. 
 
The elucidation of reaction mechanism is a challenge to develop highly active and 
stable low-temperature shift catalysts. 
 38
 
Tuesday March 30, 2010; 16:00 
 
 
Petrochemicals Processing: Past Experience and Future Prospects 
 
M. Elsokkary 
Petrochemicals Division, 
Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) 
Cairo, Egypt 
E-mail: elsukkary@hotmail.com 
 
 
The presentation deals with historical background of the petrochemical industry and 
its present situation. The petrochemicals Feedstock and Products will be discussed. 
Petrochemical Processes including Basic Processes, such as Steam Cracking and 
reforming are illustrated. Production Costs, (Capital costs, Operating Costs) and 
Added Value are other objectives for the presentation. Growth in Petrochemicals 
Past Experience; Future Prospects will be present with details. Illustrative 
Petrochemical Technology Roadmap (2000-2025) is presented in different stages. 
Stage1: Renewal, Stage2: Alternate feed stocks and Stage3: New chemistries. Egypt's 
Petrochemical Master Plan (2002-2022) Objectives and outlines will be elaborated. 
 
 
 
 
 
 39
 
Tuesday March 30, 2010; 17:00 
 
 
A View on Catalysis in the Process Development Department in 
EPRI 
 
Ahmed Kadry Aboul-Gheit 
Catalysis Division, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) 
Cairo, Egypt 
E-mail: aboulgheit@hotmail.com 
 
 
Nominally, a catalyst is any substance which participates in a chemical reaction and 
causes its rate acceleration, but which can (in principle) be recovered in its original 
form afterthe reaction, to be reused. Catalysts are traditionally classified into two 
categories: homogeneous and heterogeneous, depending on whether or not they are 
soluble. However, practical catalysts are solid, e.g, metals, metal oxides (supported or 
unsupported), etc. Heterogeneous catalysis cannot yet be described as a truly 
predictive science. Hence, more fundamental knowledge about the intrinsic nature of 
active sites is critical to the rational development of better catalysts. There is first a 
need to define and then control the atomic structure of the active sites, which involves 
the preparation of materials with well-defined architectures on length scales 
somewhat longer than the molecular. In addition, a materials science revolution is in 
progress and methods for the preparation and characterization of macroscopic 
materials and prediction of their properties have now been realized. 
 
Recently, we started work on the preparation and characterization of thin film nano-
catalysts in the form of coatings on glass sheets to be used as catalysts for the 
photodegradation of chlorophenols, or polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water. Three 
papers were published; one in 2008 and two in 2009. I supervised 3 thesis in this field 
(2006-2008). Furthermore, we prepared a nano-platinum supported on Zeolites to be 
used as catalysts for the hydroisomerization of n-paraffins in petroleum light naphtha 
to produce high octane gasoline. Also, we published two papers (2008, 2009) on 
natural gas direct conversion to petrochemicals using metal oxides on zeolite support. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40
 
Tuesday March 30, 2010; 20:00 
 
After Dinner Talk 
 
 
Ethics of Scientific Publication: 
How to Write an Effective Scientific Paper 
 
Prashant V. Kamat 
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemical and 
Biomolecular Engineering, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, 
Notre Dame, IN 46556 
E-mail: pkamat@nd.edu 
 
 
Sharing scientific knowledge through publications is an integral part of research 
career. Since more and more organizations evaluate scientific productivity by 
scholarly publication rates, the concern regarding research ethics becomes an 
important issue. The lecture will address following questions. What are common 
practices of publishing scientific work? What is scientific misconduct? What are 
common misconceptions? How to make your next paper an effective publication? 
 
Please download a copy of the paper “On Being a Scientist” –available free (One copy of 
for each person) from U.S. National Academy Press. 
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12192.html 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41
 
 
 
ABSTRACTS 
 
Forth Day 
Wednesday, March 31, 2010 
 
 
 
 
SESSION-9 
NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT-1 
9:00 – 11:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Carbon Nanostructures for Energy Conversion 
Prashant V. Kamat 
Lecture 2 
Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Properties of TiO2 Nanoparticles for Dye Sensitized 
Solar Cells 
Abd El-Hady Besheir Kashyout 
 
SESSION-10 
NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT-2 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
Lecture 1 
Nanomaterials in Environmental Processes 
Vicki Grassian 
 
Lecture 2 
Fundamental Aspects of Photochemistry on TiO2 Surfaces-Using Sunlight for Environmental 
Remediation 
John T Yates, Jr. 
 
SESSION-11 
NANOMATERIALS FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS 
16:00 – 18:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Plasmonic-Semiconductor Hybrid Nanostructures for Photo-Electronic Device Fabrication 
Mona Bakr Mohamed 
 
Lecture 2 
Design and In-situ Measurements of Catalytic Conversion and Electrochemical-Energy-
Storage Materials: A Bright Future for Synchrotron-based Energy Science 
Faisal M. Alamgir 
 42
 
Wednesday March 31, 2010; 9:00 
 
 
Carbon Nanostructures for Energy Conversion 
 
Prashant V. Kamat 
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemical and 
Biomolecular Engineering, and Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, 
Notre Dame, IN 46556 
E-mail: pkamat@nd.edu 
 
 
Carbon nanostructures (single wall carbon nanotubes and graphene) are well suited as 
scaffolds to collect electrons from excited semiconductor nanocrystals (CdSe 
quantum dots) and transport them to the conducting electrode surface. 1-D 
architectures provide the directionality for electron transport and reduce charge 
recombination pathways at the grain boundaries (Scheme 1). The charge separation 
between excited CdSe semiconductor quantum dots and stacked-cup carbon 
nanotubes (SCCNT) has been successfully tapped to generate photocurrent in a 
quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSC). The ability of carbon nanotubes and 
grahene oxide to collect and transport electrons from excited semiconductor 
anoparticles has been established from photocurrent and spectroscopy measurements. 
Composites of semiconductor nanoparticles carbon nanostructures have the potential 
to develop effective light energy harvesting strategies. 
 
 
Scheme 1.
 43
 
Wednesday March 31, 2010; 10:00 
 
 
Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Properties of TiO2 
Nanoparticles for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells 
 
A. B. Kashyout*, M. Soliman1 and M. Fathy 
Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute 
Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (MuCSAT) 
New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box 21934, Alexandria, Egypt 
E-mail: akashyout@mucsat.sci.eg 
 
1Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University 
163 Horrya Avenue, P.O. Box 832, Shatby, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt 
 
 
Nano-sized TiO2 powders have been prepared by sol-gel method. Influence of the 
different preparation parameters on the TiO2 nano-powder properties was 
investigated. Thermal gravemetric analysis (TGA) was used to examine the thermal 
properties of the produced TiO2 nanoparticles. Yield efficiency of the resulted 
nanoparticles was calculated and the reaction effciencey was estimated. Maximun 
effciency of 98.9% was achieved at autoclaving temperature of 245 ºC for time 
duration of 12 hrs. X-ray diffraction analyses show the presence of anatase structure 
at low and high autoclaving temperatures. Fraction of rutile phase appeared with 
increasing the calcination temperature and reach 40% at 850 ºC. High resolution 
transmission electron micsoscopy (HRTEM) showed spherical nanoparticles of 8-9 
nm at autoclaving temperature of 130 ºC, while elongated nanoparticles of 14-18 nm 
in length and 9 nm in width were observed at autoclaving temperature of 245 ºC. The 
solar cell performance was measured for various TiO2 dye sensitized solar cells. The 
sample of high autoclaving temperature gave an improvement in efficiency to be 8.5 
% while those of lower autoclaving temperature had an effieiency of 7.29 %. An 
enhancement in both open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) is obviously 
detected, where elongated nanoparticles are measured by HRTEM, which could 
improve the electrnonic conductivity and consequently FF and Voc. 
 
 44
 
Wednesday March 31, 2010; 11:30 
 
 
Nanomaterials in Environmental Processes 
 
Vicki H. Grassian 
Departments of Chemistry & Chemical and Biochemical Engineering 
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1294 
E-mail: vicki-grassian@uiowa.edu 
 
 
Both natural and engineered oxide nanomaterials play important roles in 
environmental processes. In the case of engineered nanomaterials, e.g. 
nanocyrstalline zeolites which have high external and internal surface areas, the 
properties can be tailored for a number of different environmental applications 
including deNOx catalysis and carbon dioxide removal and conversion. For naturally 
occurring oxide nanomaterials, e.g. iron oxides, the sizedependent properties and 
surface chemistry will impact biogeochemical cycles. In this talk, some specific 
examples of the size-dependent properties and surface chemistry of both natural and 
engineered oxide nanomaterials in environmental processes will be discussed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 45
 
Wednesday March 31, 2010; 12:30 
 
 
Fundamental Aspects of Photochemistry on TiO2 Surfaces- Using 
Sunlight for Environmental Remediation 
 
John T. Yates, Jr. 
Department of Chemistry 
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 
E-mail: johnt@virginia.edu 
 
 
Titanium dioxide is widely used for the solar-driven photooxidation of environmental 
contaminants. This occurs by the excitation of electron-hole pairs in the TiO2 and by 
redox processes that then occur on the surfaces the charge carriers move to the 
surface. We have used the measurement of simple photochemical processes on a 
TiO2(110) single crystal surface to monitor the kinetics of electron-hole pair 
recombination inside the solid. In addition, defective Ti3+ interstitial ions in the TiO2 
bulk have been monitored as they diffuse through the solid to the surface to react with 
adsorbed oxygen, and the kinetics of this diffusion process to grow TiOx layers on top 
of the surface has been studied. Such TiOx layers are important in controlling the 
activity of metal catalysts supported by TiO2. 
 
 
 46
 
Wednesday March 31, 2010; 16:00 
 
 
Plasmonic-Semicondcutor Hybrid Nanostructures for Photo-
Electronic Device Fabrications 
 
Mona B. Mohamed 
National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES) 
Cairo University, Giza, Egypt 
E-mail: mohamed_mona@hotmail.com 
 
 
Localized surface plasmons have been shown to provide substantial efficiency 
enhancement in photoelectric effects with a range of semiconducting materials and 
devices due to the scattering from metal nanoparticles near their localized plasmon 
resonance. This would enhance the light absorption and the photocurrent obtained in 
any PV and LED configuration. This talk will summarize the collective optical and 
electrical properties of Core-shell metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructure and how 
these properties depend on the size, shape of the metallic core and semiconductor 
shell thickness. Different methods to fabricate metal-semiconductor hybrid structures 
will be discussed in details. This talk will also highlight the possibility of using these 
nanocomposites to fabricate quantum dot solar cell devices, LED and Lasers. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 47
 
Wednesday March 31, 2010; 17:00 
 
 
Design and In-situ Measurements of Catalytic Conversion and 
Electrochemical-Energy-Storage Materials: A Bright Future for 
Synchrotron-based Energy Science 
 
Faisal M. Alamgir 
Materials Science and Engineering 
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245 
E-mail: faisal@mse.gatech.edu 
 
 
Two fundamental concerns in the development of novel materials are, first, the design 
of structure with atomic-scale precision in order to affect functionality, and second, 
the direct, realtime, measurement of that designed structure under operating 
conditions. Only a concerted effort along both of these fronts can reveal the 
fundamental aspects of the role of design on functionality. This is particularly true for 
the new generation of materials for energy harnessing and conversion where the size, 
shape and internal compositional architecture of functional materials are being 
manipulated in order to produce breakthroughs in energy science. 
 
On the design front, robust core-shell architectures are predicted to have significant 
effects in the catalysis, (electro/photo)catalysis, Li-battery electrochemistry and 
photovoltaics. 
We will look at the layer by layer growth of compositional architectures and discuss 
the effects of “core-shell” architectures on catalytic activity on the future of energy 
science. 
 
On the real-time measurement front we will look at the latest developments on 
synchrotron-based techniques. Due to the tunability of synchrotron X-rays species-
specific information can be obtained using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) 
from nearly every known constituent element of energy-related materials. Using XAS, 
the chemical state and the local atomic structure from a material can be obtained from 
a single experiment. In addition, the high brightness, high coherence and short pulse 
trains allow synchrotron light to be used for species-specific, in-situ studies at high 
temporal and energy resolutions. We will look at examples of in-situ (and ex-situ) 
XAS measurements in the area of energy storage (Li-ion battery intercalation 
reactions), energy conversion (surface reactions on fuel-cell catalysts) and energy 
harvesting (catalytic H2 production from ethanol). 
 
 
 48
 
 
 
ABSTRACTS 
 
Fifth Day 
Thursday, April 1, 2010 
 
 
SESSION-12 
GOLD-BASED NANOCATALYSTS 
9:00 – 11:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Confining Resonant Photons to the Nano-Gold Length Scale: The New Properties and 
Applications in Material Science, Nanobiology and Cancer Nano-Medicine 
Mostafa El-Sayed 
 
Lecture 2 
Catalysis by Nanosized Gold: The Nature of the Active Site 
D. Wayne Goodman 
 
SESSION-13 
IR CATALYSIS STUDIES 
11:30 – 13:30 
 
Lecture 1 
Infrared Studies of Interest to Catalysis and Microelectronics 
Francisco Zaera 
 
Lecture 2 
IR Observation of Adsorptive and Catalytic Interactions on Metal and Metal Oxide Surfaces 
Mohammed Ibrahim Zaki 
 
SESSION-14 
PLASMONIC & HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURED MATERILAS 
16:00 – 18:00 
 
Lecture 1 
Laser Vaporization Controlled Condensation for the Synthesis of Supported Nanoparticle 
Catalysts, Nanoalloys & Up-Converting Nanoparticles 
M. Samy El-Shall 
 
Lecture 2 
An Integrated Approach using Spectroscopy, Microscopy and Particle Sizing Methods to 
Investigate Chemistry on the Nanoscale 
Vicki Grassian 
 
 
 49
 
Thursday April 1, 2010; 9:00 
 
 
Confining Resonant Photons to the Nano-Gold Length Scale: 
The New Properties and Applications in Material Science, 
Nanobiology and Cancer Nano-Medicine 
 
Mostafa A. El-Sayed 
Laser Dynamics Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology 
Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA 
E-mail: mostafa.el-sayed@chemistry.gatech.edu 
 
 
New fields such as optoelectronics, sensors, nanocatalysis, nanomotors and nano-
medicine use the new exciting properties1-3 of gold and silver nanoparticles. Some of 
the most exciting properties arise when resonant photons are captured by these 
nanoparticles of the right size and shape. This excites the localized surface plasmon 
oscillation resulting from the coherent excitation of the free electrons in the 
conduction band. This greatly enhances the electromagnetic fields of the captured 
photon on the surface of the nanoparticle which strongly enhances their Radiative 
properties as well as that of any electronic system that falls within the range of this 
field. The effect of the coupling between close nanoparticles change their color (used 
as nano-ruler)4, increase or decrease the Raman scattering intensity of adsorbed 
molecules5, enhance the nonradiative properties of near electronic systems like the 
relaxation of hot electrons in semiconductors6, the rate of exciton annihilation in 
conducting polymers7 or the rate of retinal photo-isomerization and proton pump in 
Bacterio-Rhodopsin photosynthesis8. The strong Radiative properties of gold nano-
particles are used in imaging and the sensitive detection of cancer cells in vitro9 and 
in-vivo11. The strongly absorbed photon energy is rapidly converted intoheat. This 
localized heating of the gold nanoparticles can heat and destroy attached cancer (or 
sick) cells and is thus used in Vitro and in-Vivo cancer therapy10,11. Very recently, 
non-photo-thermal techniques of using gold nano-particles in Cancer Therapy have 
been developed.12 
 
 
References 
 
1. Burda, C.; Chen, X.; Narayanan, R.; El-Sayed, M.A., “The Chemistry and Properties of 
Nanocrystals of Different Shapes”, Chem. Rev. 105 (4), 1025-1102, (2005) (Invited Review 
Article). 
2. Huang, X.l Neretina, S.; El-Sayed, M.A., Gold Nanorods: From Synthesis and Properties to 
Biological and Biomedical Applications. Advanced Materials, 21(48),4880–4910 (2009). 
(Invited review article) 
3. Stephan Link, Mostafa A. El-Sayed, “Optical Properties and Ultrafast Dynamics of 
Metallic Nanocrystals”, Annual Review Phys. Chem., 54:331-66, (2003) Invited. 
4. Prashant K. Jain, W.Huang, and M.A. El-Sayed, "On the universal scaling” Nano Letters, 
7, 2080, (2007). 
5. Mahmoud, M. A., El-Sayed, M.A., Aggregation of gold Nanoframes reduces, rather than 
enhances SERS efficiency due to the tradeoff of the inter- and intra particle plasmonic fields. 
Nano Letters, 9(8), 3025-3031(2009). 
 50
 
6. Svetlana Neretina, Wei Qian, Erik C. Dreaden, Robert A. Hughes, John S., Peter Mascher, 
Mostafa A. El-Sayed, "Plasmon Field Effects on the Nonradiative Relaxation of Hot 
Electrons in an Electronically Quantized System: CdTe-Au Core-Shell Nanowires," Nano 
Letters 8(8), 2410-2418 (2008) 
7. Mahmoud, M. A, and Adam Poncheri, J. Am. Chem Soc., In press. 
8. Arianna Biesso, Wei Qian, Mostafa A. El-Sayed, "Gold nanoparticle plasmonic effect on 
the retinal photoisomerisation and the proton pump in the photocycle of the other 
photosynthetic system in nature, 
bacteriorhodopsin," Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(11), 3258-+, (2008); 
131,2442, 2009 
9. El-Sayed, Ivan; Huang, Xiaohua; El-Sayed, Mostafa A., “Surface Plasmon Resonance 
Scattering and 
Absorption of anti-EGFR Antibody Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Diagnostics; 
Applications in Oral Cancer,” Nano Letters 4(5), 829-834, (2005). (ISI hot paper) 
10. Xiaohua Huang; Ivan H. El-Sayed; Wei Qian and Mostafa A. El-Sayed, “Cancer Cell 
Imaging and Photothermal Therapy in Near-Infrared Region by Using Gold Nanorods,” 
Journal of American Chem Soc., 128, 2115-2120, (2006). (the most cited paper in the field of 
chemistry, ISI, Oct-Dec 2007). 
11. Erin B. Dickerson , Erik C. Dreaden , Xiaohua Huang , Ivan H. El-Sayed et al, 
Goldnanorod assisted nearinfrared plasmonic photothermal therapy of squamous cell 
carcinoma in mice” , Cancer Letters 269, 57-66 (2008). 
12. Bin Kang, Meg Mackay and M. A. El-Sayed, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2010, 132 (5), pp 1517–
1519. 
 51
 
Thursday April 1, 2010; 10:00 
 
 
Catalysis by Nanosized Au: The Nature of the Active Site 
 
D. W. Goodman 
Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 
 College Station, TX 77842-3012, USA 
E-mail: goodman@mail.chem.tamu.edu 
 
 
The special electronic, structural, and chemical properties of gold clusters supported 
on single crystalline titania surfaces have been detailed and contrasted with the 
corresponding properties of bulk gold. The gold clusters investigated vary in size 
from a few atoms to many. An array of surface techniques including reaction kinetics 
of carbon monoxide oxidation has been used to correlate catalytic function of these 
surfaces with their physical and electronic properties. Of special interest are the 
special physical and chemical properties that develop with metal cluster size reduction 
and/or metal-support interaction. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 52
 
 
Thursday April 1, 2010; 11:30 
 
 
Infrared Studies of Surfaces of Interest to Catalysis and 
Microelectronics 
 
Francisco Zaera 
Department of Chemistry 
University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 
E-mail: zaera@ucr.edu 
 
 
Examples from our laboratory on applications of infrared spectroscopy to the 
characterization of surfaces of relevance to catalysis and microelectronics fabrication 
will be presented. 
 
Transmission IR absorption spectroscopy has been used to identify key intermediates 
on high-surface area solids relevant to catalysis as well as in film deposition 
processes, and also to characterize the oxidation state of supported metals via 
chemical titrations. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) setups have been used to 
investigate the anchoring of porphyrins on solid substrates for applications in the 
development of molecular memories, and also to establish the reaction mechanism of 
atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. 
 
Reflection- Absorption IR spectroscopy (RAIRS) is employed to characterize key 
adsorbates, to determine adsorption geometries, and to titrate surface chemical sites. 
The RAIRS approach is often used to look at well-characterized single-crystal 
surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, but additional setups have been 
developed to also be able to interrogate gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces in-situ. 
Our ability to investigate the liquid-solid interface has been particularly useful to 
probe the chiral modification of catalytic systems. 
 
 53
 
Thursday April 1, 2010; 12:30 
 
 
IR Observation of Adsorptive and Catalytic Interactions on Metal 
and Metal Oxide Surfaces 
 
Mohamed I. Zaki 
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, 
Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt 
E-mail: mizaki@link.net 
 
 
Catalysis is in large measure brought about by chemical perturbation of a reactant or 
reactants through interaction with the catalyst surface. At gas/solid interfaces the gas 
molecules colloid with the solid surface mostly inelastically. If the loss in energy is 
significant, the molecules may stick to the surface. On the surface the molecules may 
get physically adsorbed (weakly bound) and, thus, can still be able to wander about, 
or may become restricted to certain sites by chemical adsorption (strongly bound) 
and, consequently, get energetically perturbed and activated for a chemical change. 
The chemical change may be confined to a molecular dissociation into smaller 
species, or may be brought about by the involvement in a surface catalytic reaction of 
unimolecular or bimolecular kinetics. 
 
The talk should help presenting techniques and potential of in-situ Fourier-transform 
infrared spectroscopy in observing adsorptive and catalytic events at molecular level. 
Results obtained for interactions established at the interfaces of a number of reactive 
and irreactive probe molecules (including CO, pyridine, 2-propanol and 
methybutynol) with supported and unsupported metal (e.g., Rh and Ni) and metal 
oxide (MoOx, AlOx, CrOx, CeOx, ZrOx ..etc) catalysts will be used to reveal nature 
of adsorbed species, as well as various characteristics of adsorption sites (e.g., acid-
base properties, coordination and oxidation states, and dispersion). Moreover, 
mathematical apparatus adopted in refining and analyzing the spectral data will be 
brought into prominence. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 54
 
Thursday April 1, 2010; 16:00 
 
 
Laser Vaporization Controlled Condensation for the Synthesis of 
Supported Catalysts, Nanoalloys & Up-Converting Nanoparticles 
 
M. Samy El-Shall 
Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University 
Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA 
E-mail: mselshal@vcu.edu 
 
 
In this lecture, I will review the vapor phase synthesis of nanoparticles with a focus on 
the LVCC method.1-3 This method uniquely combines the features of pulsed laser 
vaporization with the controlled condensation process from the vapor phase under 
well-defined conditions of temperature and pressure.