PRATICA DE ENSINO EM LINGUA INGLESA AULA 01 A 05

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PRATICA DE ENSINO EM LINGUA INGLESA
AULA 01
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	When we consider first language acquisition, it is CORRECT to say that
		
	
	children are not prepared to acquire language at all.
	
	there no degree of similarity in the early language of children all over the world.
	
	children from differnte places in the world behave quite differently when starting to vocalize sounds and words.
	 
	there is a high degree of similarity which in the early language of children all over the world.
	
	children do not need to be part of social groups in order to acquire their mother tongue.
 
	
Explicação:
Children are keen to approach and acquire language as part of their natural skills.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which alternative does not refer to the concept of FIRST LANGUAGE?
		
	 
	the language acquired due to professional purpose.
	
	simply L1
 
	
	native language
	
	the language we learn from birth
	
	mother tongue
	
Explicação:
Language acquired due to professional ends is L2
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What may we say about the process of communicating in a language?
		
	
	 That it is a hard task, but if we start at an early age, we may master almost any language. That  one remarkable thing about communicating in a language is the fact that there is always  high degree of similarity among the languages spoken  all over the world. 
	
	Even though people do not usually take time to think about it, learning how to communicate in a language is an amazing accomplishment. We might not think about it consciously, but we do share in the pride and happiness of parents when their babies utter their first words.
	 
	That it is an amazing accomplishment.
	
	 That we are not born with the capacity of learning languages.
	
	That if a child learns more than one language at the same time, there is a great possibility that he/she will have difficulty to master those languages.
 
 
	
Explicação:
Even though people do not usually take time to think about it, learning how to communicate in a language is an amazing accomplishment. We might not think about it consciously, but we do share in the pride and happiness of parents when their babies utter their first words.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	 
Over the past decades, there have been three main theoretical approaches that attempt to explain the acquisition of a native language. They are
		
	 
	Behaviorism ¿ Innatism ¿ Interactionism
	
	Inquisition ¿ Innatism - Interactionism
 
	
	Behaviorism ¿ Innatism ¿ Naturism
 
	
	Behaviorism ¿ Innatism ¿ Semantics
	
	Behaviorism ¿ Isolationism ¿ Interactionism
	
Explicação:
Behaviorism, Innatism, Interactionism have been three main theoretical approaches that attempt to explain the acquisition of a native language.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	When it comes to negation, it is WRONG to say that
		
	 
	in order to acquire language and be able to express themselves, children must master grammar prior to anything
	
	children learn its functions before they learn the grammatical rules to express them.
	
	children perceive the notion of negation before they can deal with language internal organization.
	
	language and its expressions and meanings are inherent to human beings from early ages.
 
	
	children to deny, reject, disagree with, and refuse something and only after that they learn how to do it accurately.g else.
	
Explicação:
When it comes to negation, it is not correct to say that in order to acquire language and be able to express themselves, children must master grammar prior to anything
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to the authors, by the age of _______ most English-speaking children are able to produce questions which are both grammatical and appropriate. However, they might slip back to an earlier stage once in a while.
		
	
	two
	
	three
	
	five
	 
	four
 
	
	six
AULA 02
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Choose the most appropriate comment about language acquisition.   
		
	
	In language acquisition, it is obvious that language interaction is not really necessary to communicate.
	 
	Language penetrates little by little in the child 's mind unconsciously and turns out to become the structure of the child's thinking.
	
	A child just reaches the conclusion of the functions of a language when she is about three years old.
	
	Language finds its way into the child's mind as he/she is conscious of the structures which are necessary to communicate.
	
	We only master the structure of our first language when we are adults.
	
Explicação:
Even though it might seem that in the beginning the child uses language only to interact superficially with people around him/her, after some time this language penetrates his/her unconscious mind to become the structure of the child¿s thinking. (VYGOTSKY, op cit)
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The study of cognitive development, especially in school-age children, has been one of the central focuses of developmental research over the last 25 years. It  has been agreed that ...
		
	
	the environment the child is raised should not be given that importance for his future life.
	
	despite the child's raising history, if the information which was provide by the family  was poor or very good, the cognitive development of a child depends only  on the teachers so the teachers' role  at school  in his early years is more crucial than that of the family at home.
	
	there does seem to be a consensus emerging about the fact that if a child is not enrolled in school activities at an early age , he won't be successful in life when he grows up.
	
	children who are raised just by the mother or just by the father usually present  more difficulties in developing their cognitive abilities  than those who come from a traditional family structure, that is with a mother and a father.
	 
	the society in which a child is raised and the child¿s personal history plays a significant role in determining the child¿s thought pattern.
	
Explicação:
A child's cognitive abilities and thought structuring will be a result of the environment in which the child is brought up. Indeed, the author goes on to say that the society in which a child is raised and the child¿s personal history plays a significant role in determining the child¿s thought pattern.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the CORRECT definition of ERROR
		
	
	Deviations in usage which do not result from gaps in learners¿ knowledge of the target language.
	 
	Deviations in usage which result from gaps in learners¿ knowledge of the target language.
	
	Deviations in usage which generate gaps in learners¿ knowledge of the target language.
	
	Corrections in which result from gaps in learners¿ knowledge of the target language.
	
	Deviations in in relation to behavior which result from gaps in learners¿ knowledge of the target language.
 
	
Explicação:
Deviations in usage which result from gaps in learners' knowledge of the target language.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How does a child normally react  when he notices the name of a given object is unknown to him?
		
	
	He uses the name of another object in its place.
	
	He uses sign language instead.
	
	He changes the topic of the conversation.
	 
	He turns to an adult for help.
	
	He mimics so as to communicate.
	
Explicação:
Very soon the child realizes that everythinghas a name. When he/she notices that the name of some object is unknown to him/her, he/she turns to an adult for help.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to  Vygotsky, " language has a key role in shaping the thought and character of an individual". Why is it so?
		
	
	Because a two-year-old child is already able to select all the words and their meanings.
	
	Because thought and character do not necessarily need to be associated with each other.
 
 
	 
	Because there is a fundamental interrelationship between  thought and language, one providing resources to the other.
	
	Because  the society in which a child is raised and the child¿s personal history does not play  a significant role in determining the child¿s thought pattern.
	
	Because  cognitive abilities and thought structuring  are not necessarily  the result of the environment in which the child is brought up.
	
Explicação:
According to Vygotsky (2002), initially, thought is nonverbal and language is not intellectual, and for that reason, human beings tend to think that they are two very different things. However, the author argues that their developmental trajectories are not parallel, but intertwined.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Some of the errors learners make are universal, no matter what their first language is, where they learn or what their personal characteristics are. These errors are:
		
	
	Correction, Overgeneralization, Transfer
	 
	Omission, Overgeneralization, Transfer
	
	Omission, Position, Transfer
 
	
	Omission, Overgeneralization, Output
	
	Omission, Overgeneralization, Input
	
Explicação:
Omission, Overgeneralization, Transfer
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to what was discussed in classes in relation to thought and language it is CORRECT to say that:
 
		
	 
	There is a fundamental interrelationship between thought and language, although they do not realte to each other at all. Thus language has not a key role in shaping the thought and character of an individual.
	
	There is a secondary interrelationship between thought and language, one providing resources to the other. Thus language has no importance in shaping the thought and character of an individual.
 
	 
	There is a fundamental interrelationship between thought and language, one providing resources to the other. Thus language has a key role in shaping the thought and character of an individual.
	
	There is a fundamental interrelationship between thought and language, one providing resources to the other. Thus language has asecondary role in shaping the thought and character of an individual.
	
	There is not a fundamental interrelationship between thought and language, since one cancels the other because language has not a key role in shaping the thought and character of an individual.
AULA 03
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	The most significant Theories Of Language Acquisition are
		
	
	Behaviorism and Innatism
	
	Behaviorism and Perfectionism
	
	Behaviorism and Imitation
	
	Creativity and Innatism
 
	 
	Criticism and Innatism
	
Explicação:
Criticism and Innatism
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The following comments about Behaviorism are correct except ...
		
	
	Behaviorism claimed that language learning was like any other kind of learning, that is, it involved habit formation through environmental stimulation.
 
 
	
	Learning is a behavior change and it  involves stimulus and response.
	 
	Behaviorism is a philosophical and epistemological doctrine that holds that the mind is born with ideas/knowledge, and that therefore the mind is not a "blank slate" at birth, as early empiricists such as John Locke claimed.
	
	Every time he/she produces language, he/she receives positive reinforcement if the language is considered grammatical, and negative reinforcement if the language is considered ungrammatical.
	
	A child learns how to use his/her language correctly mainly because he/she has opportunities to practice using language in response to a given stimulus.
	
Explicação:
John Locke claimed the mind was a 'blank slate' at birth.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the following comments is adequate as far as language acquisition is concerned?
		
	
	Imitation is a device which is still necessary in adulthood when grown-ups run into words they have never seen before.
	
	Imitation is crucial in language acquisition mainly when it  involves teenagers.
	
	Imitation is a strategy has proved to be inefficient as far as language acquisition is concerned.
 
 
	 
	Imitation is involved in the process of acquisition to a certain extent, but it¿s definitely not the most important mechanism.
	
	Imitation of speech occurs since childhood until  adolescence..
	
Explicação:
Imitation must be regarded as one of the elements involved in language acquisition according to Behaviorism
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	By forming sentences by analogy, children would produce ungrammatical sentences of the sort they usually do not produce.
An example of the situation mentioned above is ...
		
	
	Are there any children playing the guitar nearby?
 
 
	
	Which is your favorite month of the year?
	
	What languages do you speak?
	
	Where are the children?
	 
	Is the boy who sleeping is dreaming about a new car?
	
Explicação:
Most probably a child would misplace the verb to be in the example, that is to say would not start the sentence by 'is'.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The acquisition of language is doubtless the greatest intellectual feat any children is ever required to perform. Nonetheless, they manage to develop their communication system brilliantly.  Which alternative below DOES NOT confirm the previous statement
		
	
	Adults do not deliberately teach specific grammar rules to a child, such as how to inflect a verb, how to form plurals, how to use pronouns, for example.
	
	Children accomplish the phenomenal task of reinventing the grammar of his/her parents.
	 
	Everyone who has raised a child or has somehow observed the development of a child¿s ability to communicate, is a mechanical accomplishment based on artificial devices.
	
	Children are able to extract the complex system of rules from the language they hear around them, quickly and effortlessly.
	
	No one teaches children any semantic, syntactic, morphological or phonological rules.
 
	
Explicação:
Everyone who has raised a child or has somehow observed the development of a child¿s ability to communicate, is a mechanical accomplishment based on artificial devices.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the WRONG alternative in relation to analogy and Behaviorism
		
	
	Children learn language based on behaviorist reinforcement principles by associating words with meanings.
 
	
	The major principle of the behaviorist theory rests on the analyses of human behavior in observable stimulus-response interaction and association.
	 
	By forming sentences by analogy, children would produce grammatically perfect sentences.
	
	Language development occur by means of environmental influence.
	
	Behaviorism suggests that children use the phrases and sentences they hear, as models to form new ones.
AULA 04
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Cjhoose the CORRECT alternative in relation to Inatist Theory
		
	 
	the theory of universal grammar proposes that if human beings are brought up under normal conditions (not those of extreme sensorydeprivation), then they will never develop language with certain specific properties.
	
	the theory of the genetic component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky.
 
	
	universal Grammar is considered to contain all the grammatical information needed to combine these categories, e.g. noun and verb, into phrases.
	
	an idea of innate, biological grammatical categories, such as a noun category and a verb category that facilitate the entire language development in children and overall language processing in adults.
	
	according to the Universal Grammar account, children instinctively know how to combine a noun (e.g. a boy) and a verb (to eat) into a meaningful, correct phrase (A boy eats).
	
Explicação:
The theory of universal grammar proposes that if human beings are brought up under normal conditions (not those of extreme sensory deprivation), then they will never develop language with certain specific properties.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the alternatives below DOES NOT correspond to Chomsky ideas in relation to language acquisition:
		
	
	Creativity also what distinguishes human language from other systems of animal communication.
	
	Chomsky switched attention from nurture to nature (how the innate properties of human mind shape learning).
	 
	Chomsky argues that nobody is born with an innate capacity for language acquisition.
 
	
	Chomsky advises that the behaviorist model should be abandoned because it leaves no room for creativity, as we saw in our last lesson.
	
	Chomsky argues that creativity is what characterizes human language.
	
Explicação:
Chomsky argues that nobody is born with an innate capacity for language acquisition.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to Chomsky, when do children start being exposed to language?
		
	
	From the moment their mother start singing to them so as to help them go to sleep.
	
	When the child develops an initial grammar of the language.
	 
	Chomsky argued that children are exposed to language spoken around them since they are born.
	
	When children are enrolled in school activities.
	
	Even before a child is born, he is exposed to language because his mother/ father talk to him.
	
Explicação:
Language is better understood as an innate mechanism that matures according to a timetable that is largely driven by our biology rather than by our interactions with the environment. From the time we are born we start listening to people communicate among themselves in a given language around us and  we do get used to that.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to Chomsky, when do children start being exposed to language?
		
	
	Even before a child is born, he is exposed to language because his mother/ father talk to him.
	
	From the moment their mother start singing to them so as to help them go to sleep.
	 
	Chomsky argued that children are exposed to language spoken around them since they are born.
	
	When children are enrolled in school activities.
	
	When the child develops an initial grammar of the language.
 
 
	
Explicação:
Language is better understood as an innate mechanism that matures according to a timetable that is largely driven by our biology rather than by our interactions with the environment. From the time we are born we start listening to people communicate among themselves in a given language around us and  we do get used to that.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	According to Chomsky, why should the behaviorist model be abandoned ?
		
	
	Because it is too hard for the teachers to deal with it.
	
	Because it did not give an appropriate response to language teaching.
	
	Because most learners did not show any interest in the classes.
 
 
 
	
	Because even Behaviorists who tried to learn a foreign language following their principles failed in the process.
	 
	Because it leaves no room for creativity.
	
Explicação:
One of the arguments Chomsky used to defeat Behaviorism was that all speakers are creative. Indeed, the human being is able to create and understand new and novel sentences infinitely. He goes on to say that creativity is what characterizes human language. Therefore, the behaviorist model should be abandoned because it leaves no room for creativity.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Read the following propositions below and check the one which  is inappropriate.
 
		
	
	Children say things that are not adult imitations; in particular they use inflectional overgeneralisations such as "goed", "putted", "mouses" and "sheeps"
	 
	We can say that Chomsky switched attention from nature to nurture (how the innate properties of human mind shape learning).
	
	Children produce language structures that do not exist (grammatically speaking); you often hear, ¿Where I am?¿ instead of ¿Where am I?
 
 
	
	Behaviourists propose that a child's environment is the most important factor in first language acquisition, and if a child is exposed to rich language then good habit formation and proper language development will occur.
	
	Nativists like Chomsky believe that human beings are born with an innate capacity for language development.
	
Explicação:
Chomsky switched attention from nurture to nature.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	For Chomsky, what characterizes human language?
 
		
	
	The possibility of establishing a conversation in different languages.
	
	The syntax of the English language.
	 
	Chomsky argues that creativity is what characterizes human language.
	
	Its rules and norms which can be studied and which never change.
	
	The difficulties we need to face to learn languages.
 AULA 05
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	According to Oxford (1990), language learning strategies can be grouped into two classes ¿ direct and indirect strategies. Each of them is further subdivided into three groups. Which of the techniques group below is an example of Direct Strategies?
		
	
	Secondary Strategies, Cognitive strategies, Compensation strategies
	
	Memory strategies, Metacognitive strategies, Compensation strategies
	
	Memory strategies, Cognitive strategies, Social strategies
 
	 
	Memory strategies, Cognitive strategies, Compensation strategies
	
	Affective strategies, Cognitive strategies, Compensation strategies
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	A significant change has taken place within the field of language teaching over the last few decades. As a consequence of it _______
		
	
	Behaviorism has been accepted in a great majority of  language  schools as the perfect model to be followed.
	
	a lot more emphasis has been placed on the books teachers use to try to be successful in their role of teaching a foreign language.
 
 
	
	e-boards became necessary in the process of language acquisition. Without them learners will present great difficulties in acquiring a foreign language.
	
	strategies such as dictation and oral reproduction came back to be used as a perfect and successful type of exercise to improve a child's performance in the language.
	 
	a lot more emphasis has been placed in learners and learning, instead of in teachers and teaching.
	
Explicação:
A significant change has taken place within the field of language teaching over the last few decades. Due to this shift, a lot more emphasis has been placed in learners and learning, instead of in teachers and teaching. Consequently, there has been a focus on the use of language learning strategies in language teaching, resulting in a greater emphasis on the processand characteristics of these strategies.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that CORRECTLY fill the gap:
"_________________ - these strategies are based on making association and reviewing. Whenever a student is faced with a challenge of vocabulary learning, s/he can associate the new word(s) or expression(s) with visual images. They can be stored and later retrieved for use."
 
		
	
	Affective strategies
 
	
	Compensation strategies
 
	 
	Memory strategies
	
	Metacognitive strategies 
 
	
	Cognitive strategies
	
Explicação:
Memory strategies
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	"...language learning strategies (are) specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques that students (often intentionally) use to improve their progress in developing L2 skills." (webclass)
Why should teachers take them into account ?
 
		
	 
	Because they  can facilitate the internalization, storage, retrieval, or use of the new language. Strategies are tools for the self-directed involvement necessary for developing communicative ability.¿ (Oxford, 1992/1993, p. 18)
	
	Because they are not necessary for the learner's process of acquisition of a foreign language.
	
	Because it turns out to be an easy way to motivate your classes.
	
	Because it takes the learner a lot of time to master his mother tongue.
 
	
	Because they are already ready and it is not the teacher's responsibility to prepare them.
	
Explicação:
" 'Strategies play an important role as they promote and facilitate language learning', and act as 'problem solving mechanisms' that aid the complex learning processes.' Ignacio (1996) Wenden (1987) states that 'learning strategies are the various operations that learners use in order to make sense in their learning'.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the alternatives below is WRONG in relation to the definition of LEARNING STRATEGIES:
		
	
	Learning strategies refer to a set of tactics that people use in order to gain control over their own learning process.
	 
	Learning strategies do not work in relation to internalization, storage, retrieval, or use of the new language.
	
	In order to teach a second language (L2) effectively, educators must take into consideration the needs and biographies of each learner, as a result, they are able to employ methodologies that guide students in using strategies which enhance their L2 learning process.
	
	Language learning strategies are specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques that students (often intentionally) use to improve their progress in developing L2 skills.
 
	
	Learning strategies as mental and communicative procedures used by students in order to learn and use a foreign language effectively.
	
Explicação:
Learning strategies do not work in relation to internalization, storage, retrieval, or use of the new language.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Allowing students to reflect on their own learning process to be aware of what criteria influence their learning is important. Ignacio (1996). Students need to learn how to apply strategies according to what actually works for them." (www.researchgate.net/publication/28203603_)
Practicing,  receiving and sending messages, analyzing and reasoning and creating structure for input and output are associated with:
		
	 
	Cognitive strategies.
	
	Social strategies.
 
 
	
	Affective strategies.
	
	Compensation strategies.
	
	Memory strategies.