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Aluno: ______​__________ 
 
Perfect Tenses 
 
1. Use of the ​Present Perfect 
 
1.1. result of actions in the past is important in the present – It is not important 
when the actions happened. 
I ​have ​ ​clean ​ed​ my room. 
 
1.2. recently completed actions 
He ​has​ ​just​ ​play​ed​ handball. 
 
1.3. states beginning in the past and still continuing 
We ​have ​ ​live ​d​ in Canada ​since​ 1986. 
 
1.4. together with ​lately ​, ​recently​, ​yet 
I ​have ​ ​been​ to London ​recently ​. 
 
2. Form 
 
have/has​ + ​past participle​ * 
 
Long forms Affirmative Contracted forms 
I ​have​ ​clean​ed ​ my room. I​'ve​ ​clean​ed​ my room. 
He ​has ​ ​clean​ed​ his room. He​'s​ ​clean​ed​ his room. 
I ​have​ ​gone​ home. I​'ve​ ​gone​ home. 
 
 
Long forms Negative Contracted forms 
I ​have​ ​not​ ​clean​ed ​ my room. I​'ve​ ​not​ ​clean​ed​ my room. 
I ​have​n't​ ​clean​ed​ my room. 
He ​has ​ ​not​ ​clean​ed​ his room. He​'s​ ​not​ ​clean​ed​ his room. 
He ​has​n't​ ​clean​ed​ my room. 
 
4. Exercises 
1. Emma _______ this film on TV. ​(never/to see) 
2. How often _______ she _______ the office this morning? ​(to phone) 
3. _______ the Millers _______ yet? ​(to arrive) 
4. John _______ on a trip through Alaska. ​(never/to go) 
5. _______ they ever _______ to New York? ​(to be) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.​ Use of the ​Past Perfect 
 
1.1. together with the ​Simple Past 
Mary ​had​ ​read ​ the book before she watched a film. 
 
1.2. the past equivalent of the ​Present Perfect 
He ​had​ ​play​ed ​ hockey. 
 
2​. Form 
 
had​ + ​past participle​ * 
 
Long forms Affirmative Contracted forms 
I ​had​ ​play ​ed​ handball. I​'d ​ ​play​ed​ handball. 
You ​had​ ​play​ed ​ handball. You​'d​ ​play​ed​ handball. 
 
Long forms Negative Contracted forms 
I ​had​ ​not​ ​play ​ed​ handball. I​'d​ ​not​ ​play​ed​ handball. 
I ​had​n't​ ​play​ed​ handball. 
He ​had​ ​not​ ​play​ed​ handball. He​'d​ ​not​ ​play​ed​ handball. 
He ​had​n't​ ​play​ed​ handball. 
 
 
Long forms Interrogative Contracted forms 
Had​ I ​play​ed ​ handball? There are no contracted forms. 
Had​ you ​play​ed​ handball? 
4. Exercises 
A. When I arrived at the restaurant, Victoria _______ a glass of water. ​(already/to 
order) 
B. He noticed that Peter _______ the old chair. ​(not/to paint) 
C. Before Emma laid the table, she _______ a talk with her mother. ​(to have) 
D. She asked me if I _______ the new words. ​(to learn) 
E. There were no sausages left when I came back. The dog _______ them. ​(to eat) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Use of the ​Future Perfect 
sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future 
2. Form 
will​ + ​have​ + ​past participle 
3. Example 
I ​will have​ ​written​ the letter by tomorrow. 
4. Exercises 
1. Fill in the verbs in brackets 
2. Peggy _______ to the party on Saturday. ​(to come) 
3. We _______ him tomorrow. ​(to meet) 
4. This time next week he _______ to South Africa. ​(to fly) 
5. At 6 o'clock on Friday they _______ the new song. ​(to sing) 
6. It _______ when I reach Bangkok. ​(to rain/probably)

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