<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y6 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y7 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y8 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h4 y9 ff3 fs2 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">MARIA ANTONIA MALAJOVICH<span class="ff2 fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 ya ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 yb ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">BIOTECNO<span class="_0 blank"></span>LOGIA </div><div class="t m0 x4 h5 yc ff3 fs4 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 yd ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Segunda Ed<span class="_0 blank"></span>ição (2016) </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 ye ff2 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h7 yf ff1 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">ISBN: <span class="ls2 ws0">978<span class="ls0">-</span>85</span><span class="ws1">-921077-0-3</span><span class="ff4 fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y10 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y11 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y12 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y13 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y14 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y15 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y16 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y17 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y18 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y19 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y1a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y1b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y1c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y1d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y1e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y1f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y20 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y21 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y22 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y23 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y24 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y25 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x8 h8 y26 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x9 y27 w2 h9" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 xa ha y28 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y29 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y2a ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y2b ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y2c ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y2d ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y2e ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y2f ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y30 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y31 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y32 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h8 y33 ff4 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xb h3 y34 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xc y35 w3 hb" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y36 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xe hc y37 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">BIOTECNOLOGIA: ENSINO E DIVULGAÇÃO (http://bteduc.com) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y38 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xf he y39 ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">MARIA ANTONIA M<span class="_0 blank"></span>ALAJOVICH </div><div class="t m0 xd he y3a ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd he y3b ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd he y3c ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd he y3d ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd he y3e ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd he y3f ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x10 hf y40 ff1 fs9 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">BIOTECNOLOGIA </div><div class="t m0 xd he y41 ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x11 he y42 ff1 fs5 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">2ª EDIÇÃO </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y43 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y44 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y45 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y46 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y47 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y48 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y49 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h10 y4a ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y4b ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y4c ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y4d ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y4e ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y4f ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y50 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y51 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y52 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y53 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y54 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h11 y55 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x12 h11 y56 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Rio de Janeiro </div><div class="t m0 x13 h11 y57 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Maria Antonia Muñoz<span class="_1 blank"> </span> de Malajovich<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x14 h11 y58 ff1 fsb fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">2016 </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 y59 w4 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x15 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y28 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2">ii </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y5a ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y5b ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y5c ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h7 y5d ff1 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Copyright © 2016 Maria Antonia Muñoz de Malajovich </div><div class="t m0 x15 h7 y5e ff1 fs6 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y5f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y60 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y61 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y62 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y63 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y64 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x16 h13 y65 ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">BIOTECNOLOGIA<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x17 h13 y66 ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Maria Antonia Malajo<span class="_1 blank"> </span>vich </div><div class="t m0 xf h13 y67 ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">ISBN: <span class="fs6 ls2 ws0">978<span class="ls0">-</span>85</span><span class="fs6">-921077-0-3 </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h13 y68 ff1 fsc fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y69 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y6a ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y6b ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y6c ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x18 hd y6d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hd y6e ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hd y6f ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x19 hd y70 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y71 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Figuras e fotos d<span class="_0 blank"></span>os emb<span class="_0 blank"></span>riões de <span class="ff5 ws3">Kalanchoe</span> (c<span class="_0 blank"></span>apa e contracap<span class="_0 blank"></span>a) da autora. </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y72 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y73 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O meu agradec<span class="_0 blank"></span>imento a Elisabeth<span class="_0 blank"></span> Lissovsky <span class="_0 blank"></span>pela revisão do por<span class="_0 blank"></span>tuguês. </div><div class="t m0 x15 hd y74 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xc y35 w3 h14" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xd hc y36 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 xe hc y37 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">BIOTECNOLOGIA: ENSINO E DIVULGAÇÃO (http://bteduc.com) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y38 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">SUMÁRIO </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y75 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y76 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h10 y77 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Seguir o link para ir dir<span class="_0 blank"></span>etament<span class="_0 blank"></span>e ao capítul<span class="_0 blank"></span>o de interesse. </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y78 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hd y79 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 1. O Q<span class="_1 blank"> </span>UE É BI<span class="_1 blank"> </span>OTECNOLOGIA............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..............................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.......... 1<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y7b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="_3 blank"> </span>biotecnologia <span class="_3 blank"> </span>tradicional. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>A <span class="_3 blank"> </span>biotecnologia <span class="_3 blank"> </span>moderna. <span class="_3 blank"> </span>As <span class="_4 blank"> </span>definições <span class="_3 blank"> </span>de <span class="_3 blank"> </span>biotecnologia. <span class="_3 blank"> </span>O <span class="_3 blank"> </span>im<span class="_1 blank"> </span>pacto <span class="_3 blank"> </span>da <span class="_3 blank"> </span>biotecnologia. </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y7c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Biotecnologia e desenvolvimento. A história da biotecnologia. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 2. CÉLUL<span class="_1 blank"> </span>AS E CROMOSS<span class="_1 blank"> </span>OMOS......<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...............................<span class="_2 blank"> </span>..9<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y7e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="_0 blank"></span>célula <span class="_0 blank"></span>como u<span class="_0 blank"></span>nidade <span class="_0 blank"></span>estrutural <span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="_0 blank"></span>funcional <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos <span class="_0 blank"></span>seres <span class="_0 blank"></span>vivos. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Técnicas <span class="_0 blank"></span>laboratoriais<span class="_0 blank"></span>. Toda <span class="_0 blank"></span>célul<span class="_0 blank"></span>a d<span class="_0 blank"></span>eriva <span class="_0 blank"></span>de <span class="_0 blank"></span>outra <span class="_0 blank"></span>pree<span class="_0 blank"></span>xistente. </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y7f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os cromossomos <span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>teoria <span class="_0 blank"></span>cromossômica d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a h<span class="_0 blank"></span>ereditariedade. As primei<span class="_0 blank"></span>ras manipulações <span class="_0 blank"></span>gênicas. <span class="ff5 ws4">Nature</span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>vs <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff5 ws4">nurture<span class="ff1 ls0 ws2">. <span class="ls1">Célu<span class="_0 blank"></span>las </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y80 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">e cromossomos como agentes biológicos. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y81 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 3. OS <span class="_1 blank"> </span>MICRORGANISMO<span class="_1 blank"> </span>S.......................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...............................2<span class="_1 blank"> </span>0<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y82 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="_3 blank"> </span>d<span class="_0 blank"></span>iversidade <span class="_3 blank"> </span>microbi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ana <span class="_3 blank"> </span>(Eubacté<span class="_0 blank"></span>rias, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>alg<span class="_0 blank"></span>as, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>arq<span class="_0 blank"></span>ueas, <span class="_3 blank"> </span>fun<span class="_0 blank"></span>gos <span class="_3 blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>vírus). <span class="_5 blank"> </span>As <span class="_5 blank"> </span>técnicas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>microbioló<span class="_1 blank"> </span>gicas. <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Biossegurança <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y83 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">biosseguridade. Os microrganismos como agentes biológicos. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y84 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 4. E<span class="_1 blank"> </span>NZIMAS E ANTICORPOS...<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_2 blank"> </span>....32 </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y85 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">As <span class="_6 blank"> </span>proteínas. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Estrutura. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>proteoma. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>As <span class="_6 blank"> </span>bases <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>algumas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>técnicas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>laboratoriais. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>As <span class="_6 blank"> </span>enzimas. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>A <span class="_6 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>atálise <span class="_6 blank"> </span>enzimática. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Os </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y86 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">anticorpos. A <span class="_7 blank"> </span>reação antígeno- anticorpo. A p<span class="_0 blank"></span>rodução de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>antico<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rpos no <span class="_7 blank"> </span>organismo e n<span class="_0 blank"></span>o laboratório. A <span class="_7 blank"> </span>utilização dos </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y87 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">anticorpos. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y88 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 5. OS Á<span class="_1 blank"> </span>CIDOS NUCLEICOS....<span class="_1 blank"> </span>........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..............<span class="_2 blank"> </span>......46 </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y89 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ácidos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>nuclei<span class="_0 blank"></span>cos. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>A <span class="_6 blank"> </span>dupla <span class="_6 blank"> </span>hélice. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>código <span class="_6 blank"> </span>genético. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>A <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_0 blank"></span>xpressão <span class="_6 blank"> </span>gênica. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>fluxo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>informação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>genética <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_0 blank"></span>m <span class="_6 blank"> </span>células </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y8a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">procarióticas e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>eucarióticas. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>O <span class="_1 blank"> </span>complexo mu<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ndo dos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>RNAs. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>A <span class="_1 blank"> </span>diversidade <span class="_1 blank"> </span>existente. I<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nterferência e<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>silenciamento gênico. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>O </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y8b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">genoma humano: mapeamento e avanços posteriores. O DNA e o RNA como agente<span class="_0 blank"></span>s biológicos. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y8c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_0 blank"></span>Í <span class="_0 blank"></span>T <span class="_0 blank"></span>U <span class="_0 blank"></span>L O <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>6. <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIOPROCESSOS..........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws5">.............58</span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y8d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Bioprocessos, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>processos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>fermentativos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>ind<span class="_0 blank"></span>ústria. <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_1 blank"> </span>microrganismos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>industriais. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Noções <span class="_2 blank"> </span>sobre <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_2 blank"> </span>metabolismo <span class="_1 blank"> </span>primário <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y8e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">secundário. As fases de crescimento da população microbiana. Meios de cultura e matéria-prima. A obtenção das linhagens. </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y8f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os diferentes tipos de bioprocess<span class="_1 blank"> </span>os (tradicionais e submersos). <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Do laboratóri<span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>à indústria (mudança de escala, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>co<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ndução do </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y90 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">processo e recuperação do produto. Bioprocessos na indústria: o ácido cítrico e os biofertilizantes<span class="fs0">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y91 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 7. O CU<span class="_1 blank"> </span>LTIVO DE CÉ<span class="_1 blank"> </span>LULAS E TECID<span class="_1 blank"> </span>OS.................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>................................7<span class="_1 blank"> </span>1<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y92 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="_1 blank"> </span>manipulação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>in <span class="_1 blank"> </span>vitro <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>células <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e tecidos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>vegetais: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as <span class="_2 blank"> </span>primeiras tentativas, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>os <span class="_2 blank"> </span>meios de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>cultura, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as <span class="_2 blank"> </span>etapas do <span class="_2 blank"> </span>processo, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y93 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">diferentes modalidades, melhora<span class="_1 blank"> </span>mento e c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>onservação da <span class="_1 blank"> </span>biodiversidade vegetal, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>difusão <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da tecnolo<span class="_1 blank"> </span>gia. A manipulação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>in </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y94 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">vitro <span class="_8 blank"> </span>das <span class="_8 blank"> </span>células <span class="_2 blank"> </span>animais: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>primeiras <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tentativas, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>diferentes <span class="_8 blank"> </span>modalidades, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s <span class="_8 blank"> </span>meios <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ultivo, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>linhagens <span class="_8 blank"> </span>celulares, </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y95 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">condições de cultivo, do laboratório à indústria. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y96 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 8<span class="ls3">. </span> A TECNOL<span class="_1 blank"> </span>O<span class="_1 blank"> </span>GIA DO DNA .................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..............................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...........................<span class="_2 blank"> </span>..83<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y97 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">As <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ferramentas <span class="_2 blank"> </span>disponíveis: <span class="_2 blank"> </span>as <span class="_2 blank"> </span>nucleases <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_2 blank"> </span>enzimas <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>restrição, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a <span class="_2 blank"> </span>ele<span class="_0 blank"></span>troforese <span class="_2 blank"> </span>do <span class="_1 blank"> </span>DNA, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>hibridização <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>so<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ndas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>gênicas, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y98 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">método de Southern, o Fingerprint, a síntese<span class="_0 blank"></span> e amplificação de DNA, o sequenciamento do DNA. Os arrays.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y99 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 9. A E<span class="_1 blank"> </span>NGENHARIA GENÉTICA....<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..<span class="ls3 ws6">.................... ....................................... ......... ...............................9 5<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y9a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O nascimento da b<span class="_0 blank"></span>iotecnologia moderna: <span class="_0 blank"></span>as primeiras experiências, mitos e realidade<span class="_0 blank"></span>. As bibliotecas de gene<span class="_0 blank"></span>s. A construção </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y9b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>um <span class="_8 blank"> </span>microrganis<span class="_0 blank"></span>mo <span class="_8 blank"> </span>recombinante: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Encontrar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>gene, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>inserir <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>gene<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>identificar <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>microrganis<span class="_0 blank"></span>mos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>recombinantes. <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ls4">A </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y9c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">chegada d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a comun<span class="_0 blank"></span>idade DIY. <span class="_0 blank"></span>A construção <span class="_0 blank"></span>de p<span class="_0 blank"></span>lantas tr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ansgênicas: o tr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ansgene, a <span class="_0 blank"></span>transferência <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos g<span class="_0 blank"></span>enes <span class="_0 blank"></span>a células <span class="_0 blank"></span>vegetais, </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y9d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>laboratório <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_6 blank"> </span>campo. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Células <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>animais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tran<span class="_1 blank"> </span>sgênicos: <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>transferência <span class="_8 blank"> </span>g<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ênica <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>células <span class="_6 blank"> </span>animais, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>aplicações. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>As <span class="_6 blank"> </span>novas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y9e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">tecnologias <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>edição <span class="_6 blank"> </span>gênica <span class="_6 blank"> </span>baseadas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>no <span class="_6 blank"> </span>RNA <span class="_8 blank"> </span>interferente, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>nucleases <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sítio<span class="_1 blank"> </span>-<span class="ff6">dirigidas: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Z<span class="_1 blank"> </span>FN\u2019S <span class="_6 blank"> </span>E <span class="_6 blank"> </span>TALEN, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>na <span class="_8 blank"> </span>imunidade </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y9f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">bacteriana: CRISPR-CAS9.Biossegurança e regulação. </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A P Í T U L O 10. BIO<span class="_1 blank"> </span>TECNOLOGÍA E I<span class="_1 blank"> </span>NDÚSTRIA..............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....................114<span class="_2 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya1 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O <span class="_2 blank"> </span>process<span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Weizmann. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>A <span class="_2 blank"> </span>indústria <span class="_1 blank"> </span>química: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>vias <span class="_2 blank"> </span>química <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>biotecnológica. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_2 blank"> </span>produtos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>bio<span class="_1 blank"> </span>tecnológicos: <span class="_2 blank"> </span>metabólitos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya2 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">interesse <span class="_2 blank"> </span>co<span class="_1 blank"> </span>mercial, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>enzimas, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>biopolímeros <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>bioplásticos. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>biocombustíveis: <span class="_2 blank"> </span>etanol, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>biogás, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>bio<span class="_1 blank"> </span>diesel. <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Panorama <span class="_8 blank"> </span>atual. </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya3 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Biorrefinarias e novas bioindústrias: os casos Amyris e Solazyme (Terr<span class="_0 blank"></span>aVia).<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ya4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_0 blank"></span>A <span class="_9 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í T <span class="_9 blank"></span>U <span class="_0 blank"></span>L <span class="_9 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span>11. <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_0 blank"></span>E <span class="_9 blank"></span>ME<span class="_1 blank"> </span>IO <span class="_9 blank"></span>A<span class="_1 blank"> </span>MBIENTE..........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...............13<span class="_2 blank"> </span>1 </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya5 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O <span class="_7 blank"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="_7 blank"> </span>sustentável. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>As <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tecnologias <span class="_7 blank"> </span>limpas: <span class="_7 blank"> </span>substituição <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>processos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>industriais<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e de<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>insumos <span class="_7 blank"> </span>agrícolas. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>A </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya6 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">redução <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos re<span class="_0 blank"></span>síduos: degradação d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o lix<span class="_0 blank"></span>o, tratamento <span class="_0 blank"></span>das <span class="_9 blank"></span>á<span class="_1 blank"> </span>guas residuais, <span class="_0 blank"></span>tratamento <span class="_0 blank"></span>dos e<span class="_0 blank"></span>fluentes <span class="_0 blank"></span>industriais, e<span class="_0 blank"></span>missões de </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya7 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">gases <span class="_9 blank"></span>e <span class="_0 blank"></span>efeito <span class="_9 blank"></span>estufa. <span class="_0 blank"></span>A <span class="_9 blank"></span>recu<span class="_1 blank"> </span>peração <span class="_0 blank"></span>de <span class="_9 blank"></span>recursos <span class="_9 blank"></span>naturai<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s: <span class="_9 blank"></span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>petróleo, <span class="_9 blank"></span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>mineração. <span class="_0 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span>diagnóstico <span class="_0 blank"></span>de <span class="_9 blank"></span>contaminação amb<span class="_0 blank"></span>iental: </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya8 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">indicadores <span class="_2 blank"> </span>biológicos, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>técnicas <span class="_2 blank"> </span>genéticas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>imunológicas, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>biossensores. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>biorremediação: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_2 blank"> </span>vazamentos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>petróleo, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ya9 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">radiação. Organismos novos na natureza e biossegurança. </div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[11,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:658.760000px;width:70.830000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[19,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:618.590000px;width:70.830000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[30,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:567.420000px;width:70.830000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[42,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:527.240000px;width:70.830000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[56,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:476.070000px;width:70.830000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[68,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:424.910000px;width:68.470000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[81,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:361.530000px;width:70.830000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[93,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:299.380000px;width:70.830000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[105,"XYZ",82,768,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:259.200000px;width:68.570000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[124,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:175.080000px;width:75.900000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[141,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:82.800000px;bottom:123.910000px;width:71.890000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 yaa w4 h15" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x15 hc yab ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">M.A.MALAJOVICH - BIOTECNOLOGIA (2016) <span class="ls5"> <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="ls1"> <span class="_0 blank"></span> http://bteduc.com </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yac ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y28 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2">iv </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yad ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_0 blank"></span>A <span class="_9 blank"></span>P Í <span class="_0 blank"></span>T <span class="_9 blank"></span>U L <span class="_9 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span>12. BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_0 blank"></span>E <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIODIVERSIDADE.........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>............1<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls6 ws7">49</span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yae ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>desaparição <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>eco<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ssistemas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>naturais. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>O <span class="_8 blank"> </span>homem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>plantas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>alimentícias, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>comerciais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_6 blank"> </span>medicinais. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>biodiversidade </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yaf ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">ameaçada: erosão <span class="_0 blank"></span>genética, expansão <span class="_0 blank"></span>do agronegócio, transg<span class="_0 blank"></span>ênese. A <span class="_0 blank"></span>proteção da <span class="_0 blank"></span>biodiversidade: ce<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntros de<span class="_0 blank"></span> diversificação, </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb0 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">conservação da biodiversidade. O CGIAR o centro intern<span class="_0 blank"></span>acional da batata. O protoco<span class="_1 blank"> </span>lo de Cartagena de<span class="_0 blank"></span> bios<span class="_1 blank"> </span>segurança. </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yb1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í T <span class="_9 blank"></span>U <span class="_0 blank"></span>L <span class="_9 blank"></span>O <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>13. <span class="_9 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_0 blank"></span>E <span class="_9 blank"></span>A<span class="_1 blank"> </span>GRICULTURA....<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>........................1<span class="_1 blank"> </span>6<span class="_1 blank"> </span>2<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb2 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>evolução <span class="_8 blank"> </span>das <span class="_8 blank"> </span>prát<span class="_1 blank"> </span>icas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>agrícolas. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>obtenção <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>novas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>varieda<span class="_1 blank"> </span>des: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>m<span class="_1 blank"> </span>utação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>gênica <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>seleção, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>alteração <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do <span class="_8 blank"> </span>número <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb3 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">cromossomos, enge<span class="_0 blank"></span>nharia gen<span class="_0 blank"></span>ética. A biosseg<span class="_0 blank"></span>urança e o <span class="_7 blank"> </span>princípio de<span class="_0 blank"></span> precau<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção. As <span class="_7 blank"> </span>PGMs de <span class="_7 blank"> </span>interesse <span class="_7 blank"> </span>agronômico: </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb4 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">tolerância a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>herbicidas, resistência <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>insetos, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>resistência a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>vírus, c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>oexistência entre <span class="_1 blank"> </span>pl<span class="_1 blank"> </span>antas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>convencionais <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e PGMs. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>O <span class="_1 blank"> </span>cultivo </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb5 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de outros <span class="_5 blank"> </span>tipos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>PGMs: in<span class="_1 blank"> </span>teresse n<span class="_1 blank"> </span>utricional, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>produção de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>medicamentos. <span class="_5 blank"> </span>O <span class="_5 blank"> </span>agronegócio: <span class="_5 blank"> </span>As primeiras <span class="_5 blank"> </span>empresas </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb6 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">produtoras d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e sementes, <span class="_0 blank"></span>os gig<span class="_0 blank"></span>antes gênicos, a <span class="_0 blank"></span>cadeia <span class="_0 blank"></span>produtiva d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a semen<span class="_0 blank"></span>te, patentes <span class="_0 blank"></span>e in<span class="_0 blank"></span>ovação tecnológica. A adoção d<span class="_0 blank"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y9 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">cultivos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>biotecnológicos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>no <span class="_1 blank"> </span>mundo: <span class="_2 blank"> </span>os <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Estados <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Unid<span class="_0 blank"></span>os <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>União <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Europeia, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Israel, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Áfri<span class="_0 blank"></span>ca <span class="_2 blank"> </span>subsaariana, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>China. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>A <span class="_2 blank"> </span>chegada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>das </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb7 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">novas tecnologias. </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yb8 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í T<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"></span>U L <span class="_9 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span>14. BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_9 blank"></span>E<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"></span>CRIA<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ÇÃO <span class="_9 blank"></span>DE<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"></span>AN<span class="_1 blank"> </span>IMAIS..<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.....<span class="ls3 ws6">.................................. ......... ...............................1 <span class="ls6 ws7">79 </span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb9 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A nutrição <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>animais <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>necessidade de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>rações, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de L<span class="_1 blank"> </span>iebig à <span class="_1 blank"> </span>vaca <span class="_1 blank"> </span>louca, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>variações <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sobre a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>co<span class="_1 blank"> </span>mposição das <span class="_1 blank"> </span>rações, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as rações </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yba ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">transgênicas. <span class="_0 blank"></span>O melhoramento <span class="_0 blank"></span>genéti<span class="_0 blank"></span>co do gado: <span class="_0 blank"></span>o controle da <span class="_0 blank"></span>re<span class="_0 blank"></span>produção, as novas <span class="_0 blank"></span>tecnologias. <span class="_0 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>aquicultura. A <span class="_0 blank"></span>saúde d<span class="_0 blank"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ybb ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">animais: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>mo<span class="_1 blank"> </span>dificadores <span class="_8 blank"> </span>metabólicos, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>resistência <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>doenças, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>prevenção <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tra<span class="_1 blank"> </span>tamento. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Novas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>utilizaçõ<span class="_1 blank"> </span>es <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>animais </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ybc ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">domésticos: <span class="_0 blank"></span>modelos <span class="_0 blank"></span>de <span class="_0 blank"></span>estudo <span class="_0 blank"></span>para <span class="_0 blank"></span>doenças <span class="_0 blank"></span>humanas, <span class="_0 blank"></span>xenotransplantes, <span class="_0 blank"></span>os animais <span class="_9 blank"></span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>omo biorre<span class="_0 blank"></span>atores, <span class="_0 blank"></span>o marc<span class="_0 blank"></span>o conceitu<span class="_0 blank"></span>al </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ybd ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">dos três Rs. Os animais de estimação. </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 ybe ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í T<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>U <span class="_9 blank"></span>L <span class="_0 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>15. <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_0 blank"></span>E <span class="_0 blank"></span>ALIMENTOS.................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.......................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....................<span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls3">.......... <span class="_9 blank"></span>19<span class="ls1">4<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ybf ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O pão. <span class="_0 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span>vinho: a <span class="_0 blank"></span>vinificação, <span class="_0 blank"></span>o <span class="_0 blank"></span>cultivo <span class="_0 blank"></span>da <span class="_0 blank"></span>videi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra, o <span class="_0 blank"></span>rol <span class="_0 blank"></span>da <span class="_0 blank"></span>levedu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra <span class="_0 blank"></span>na <span class="_0 blank"></span>vinificação. A<span class="_0 blank"></span> ce<span class="_0 blank"></span>rveja. <span class="_0 blank"></span>Os q<span class="_0 blank"></span>ueijos <span class="_0 blank"></span>e <span class="_0 blank"></span>iogurtes<span class="_0 blank"></span>: a <span class="_9 blank"></span>pr<span class="_1 blank"> </span>odução<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc0 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de laticínios, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>rol <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de microrganismos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>enzimas. A <span class="_1 blank"> </span>proteína d<span class="_1 blank"> </span>e c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>élula única. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_1 blank"> </span>aditivos: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>os diversos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tipos,<span class="_2 blank"> </span> os <span class="_1 blank"> </span>adoçantes. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Os </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc1 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">alimentos biofortificados. Segurança alimentar </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yc2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>T <span class="_9 blank"></span>U <span class="_0 blank"></span>L <span class="_9 blank"></span>O<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"></span>16. BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_9 blank"></span>E<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>NOVOS <span class="_9 blank"></span>ALI<span class="_1 blank"> </span>MENTOS.....<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...20<span class="_2 blank"> </span>6 </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc3 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A entrada <span class="_1 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>transgênicos <span class="_1 blank"> </span>na cadeia <span class="_1 blank"> </span>alimentar: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>melhorando <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>onservação, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as <span class="_1 blank"> </span>propriedades industriais <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>aracterísticas </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc4 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">nutricionais. A favor ou contra? <span class="_0 blank"></span>O que o consumid<span class="_0 blank"></span>or precisa saber:<span class="_0 blank"></span> a noção de segurança, a inge<span class="_0 blank"></span>stão de DNA, os marcadores </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc5 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>resistência <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a <span class="_2 blank"> </span>antibióticos, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a <span class="_2 blank"> </span>composição <span class="_2 blank"> </span>química, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a <span class="_2 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>to<span class="_1 blank"> </span>xinas, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a <span class="_2 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>alérgenos, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_2 blank"> </span>risco <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>câncer, <span class="_2 blank"> </span><span class="ls7">a </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc6 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">utilização <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>um <span class="_6 blank"> </span>promo<span class="_1 blank"> </span>tor <span class="_6 blank"> </span>viral <span class="_6 blank"> </span>(CaMV),<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>outros <span class="_6 blank"> </span>efeitos, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>perspectiva <span class="_6 blank"> </span>histórica. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>Como <span class="_6 blank"> </span>garantir <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>segurança <span class="_6 blank"> </span>alimentar? <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc7 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">princípio de equivalência substancial, a ava<span class="_1 blank"> </span>liação de riscos, a rotulagem dos alime<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ntos, rótulo e info<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rmação, o rastreamento </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yc8 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de um transgene. </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yc9 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í <span class="_0 blank"></span>T <span class="_9 blank"></span>U <span class="_0 blank"></span>L <span class="_9 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span> 17. <span class="_9 blank"></span>BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_9 blank"></span>E<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"></span>SAÚDE / <span class="_9 blank"></span>VACINAS..............<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...............................2<span class="_1 blank"> </span>1<span class="_1 blank"> </span>6<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yca ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">As <span class="_8 blank"> </span>doenças <span class="_2 blank"> </span>infecciosas. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>A <span class="_8 blank"> </span>aquisição <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>imunidade. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>diferen<span class="_0 blank"></span>tes <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tipos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>vacinas: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>vacinas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tradicionais <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>primeira<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ycb ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">geração. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>As novas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>vacinas <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de segunda <span class="_1 blank"> </span>geração<span class="_1 blank"> </span>, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_1 blank"> </span>última geração. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>A <span class="_1 blank"> </span>produção <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de vac<span class="_1 blank"> </span>inas: pesquisa <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e de<span class="_1 blank"> </span>senvolvimento, o<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ycc ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">marco ético, ope<span class="_0 blank"></span>rações industri<span class="_0 blank"></span>ais<span class="ls8">, </span>o mercado d<span class="_0 blank"></span>as vacinas<span class="ls8">, <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ls1">um se<span class="_0 blank"></span>tor estratégico <span class="_0 blank"></span>para a <span class="_0 blank"></span>sociedade. As <span class="_0 blank"></span>vacinas e <span class="_0 blank"></span>a erradicação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ycd ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>doença<span class="ls9">: <span class="_7 blank"> </span></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>varíola<span class="ls8">, <span class="_6 blank"> </span></span>a <span class="_7 blank"> </span>poliomielite, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>i<span class="_1 blank"> </span>nfluenza, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tuberculose, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>malária <span class="_7 blank"> </span>e <span class="_7 blank"> </span>HIV/AIDS. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>A <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ameaça das <span class="_6 blank"> </span>doenças <span class="_7 blank"> </span>emergentes. </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yce ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Bioterrorismo e biosseguridade. </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 ycf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í T<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>U <span class="_9 blank"></span>L <span class="_0 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>18. <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_0 blank"></span>E <span class="_0 blank"></span>SAÚDE <span class="_9 blank"></span>/ <span class="_0 blank"></span>OS <span class="_0 blank"></span>TESTES <span class="_9 blank"></span>DI<span class="_1 blank"> </span>AGNÓSTICOS.....<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>......................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ls3 ws8">..........23</span>3 </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd0 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">As tendências atuais: dispositivos miniaturizados, o que é u<span class="_0 blank"></span>m bom teste, as técnicas com base bioquímica, base imunológica </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd1 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">e base genética. O diagnóstico das d<span class="_0 blank"></span>oenças infecciosas. A tipificação de tecidos: sang<span class="_0 blank"></span>ue, outros tecidos e órgãos. O </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd2 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">diagnóstico <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>doenças <span class="_2 blank"> </span>genéticas: <span class="_2 blank"> </span>as <span class="_2 blank"> </span>limitações <span class="_2 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>testes, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>as <span class="_2 blank"> </span>estr<span class="_1 blank"> </span>atégias <span class="_2 blank"> </span>seguidas, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>diagnóstico <span class="_2 blank"> </span>preventivo <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>preditivo. <span class="_2 blank"> </span>As </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd3 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">patentes. O esporte. A prática forense. </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yd4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í T<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>U <span class="_9 blank"></span>L <span class="_0 blank"></span>O <span class="_9 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>19. <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIOTECNOLOGIA <span class="_0 blank"></span>E <span class="_0 blank"></span>SAÚDE <span class="_9 blank"></span>/ <span class="_0 blank"></span>A <span class="_9 blank"></span>IND<span class="_1 blank"> </span>ÚSTRIA DE <span class="_9 blank"></span>MEDICAMENTOS........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>....................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...................2<span class="_2 blank"> </span>47 </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd5 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">O <span class="_1 blank"> </span>desenvolvimento <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>um <span class="_2 blank"> </span>medicamento <span class="_1 blank"> </span>novo. <span class="_2 blank"> </span>Patentes<span class="_0 blank"></span>, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>genéricos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e biossimilares. <span class="_1 blank"> </span>Os <span class="_2 blank"> </span>princípios <span class="_1 blank"> </span>ativos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>das plantas: <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>caso </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd6 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">da aspirina, os fitoterápicos, as tendências recentes, a importância de um marco legal. As substâncias antibióticas: o caso<span class="_1 blank"> </span> da </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd7 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">penicilina, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_8 blank"> </span>limites <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_8 blank"> </span>uso <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>antibióticos, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>necessidade <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>inovação. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>As <span class="_8 blank"> </span>primeiras <span class="_8 blank"> </span>moléculas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>terapêuticas: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o <span class="_8 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1 blank"> </span>aso <span class="_8 blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd8 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">insulina, <span class="_9 blank"></span>a substituição <span class="_9 blank"></span>do produto <span class="_0 blank"></span>natural. <span class="_9 blank"></span>As p<span class="_0 blank"></span>roteínas <span class="_0 blank"></span>recombinantes: <span class="_9 blank"></span>as b<span class="_0 blank"></span>ases <span class="_0 blank"></span>tecnológicas, <span class="_9 blank"></span>os produtos <span class="_9 blank"></span>e s<span class="_0 blank"></span>uas <span class="_0 blank"></span>utilizaçõe<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s. </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yd9 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">Os <span class="_a blank"> </span>medicamentos <span class="_a blank"> </span>personalizados: <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>farmacogenômica, <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_a blank"> </span>farmacogenética, <span class="_a blank"> </span>as <span class="_a blank"> </span>doenças <span class="_a blank"> </span>órfãs. <span class="_a blank"> </span>O <span class="_a blank"> </span>mercado <span class="_a blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yda ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">biomedicamentos: a tendência geral, América Latina. </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 ydb ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C A <span class="_9 blank"></span>P Í <span class="_0 blank"></span>T <span class="_0 blank"></span>U <span class="_0 blank"></span>L <span class="_0 blank"></span>O <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>20. <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>BIOTECNOLOGIA E <span class="_0 blank"></span>SAÚDE <span class="_0 blank"></span>/ <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>OS <span class="_0 blank"></span>NOVOS <span class="_0 blank"></span>TRATAMENTOS........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..........<span class="_1 blank"> </span>......................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>............... 264 </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y54 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A aprovação de<span class="_0 blank"></span> um <span class="_0 blank"></span>tratamento expe<span class="_0 blank"></span>rimental. Os <span class="_0 blank"></span>transplantes: os tr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ansplantes de<span class="_0 blank"></span> órgãos, os xenotranspl<span class="_0 blank"></span>antes. A engenharia </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ydc ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">de <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tecidos: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as <span class="_2 blank"> </span>terapias <span class="_1 blank"> </span>celulares, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>fraudes <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>desatinos. <span class="_2 blank"> </span>As <span class="_1 blank"> </span>imunoterapias: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o <span class="_2 blank"> </span>progresso,<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>os <span class="_1 blank"> </span>anticorpos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>monoclonais, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>desafio </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ydd ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">da <span class="_8 blank"> </span>barreira <span class="_6 blank"> </span>hematoencefálica. <span class="_8 blank"> </span>O <span class="_6 blank"> </span>câncer: <span class="_8 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_6 blank"> </span>doença <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span>rigem <span class="_8 blank"> </span>genética, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>terapias <span class="_6 blank"> </span>biológicas, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os <span class="_6 blank"> </span>vírus <span class="_8 blank"> </span>oncolíticos, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yde ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">vacinas <span class="_2 blank"> </span>terapêuticas. <span class="_2 blank"> </span>As <span class="_2 blank"> </span>terapias <span class="_8 blank"> </span>gên<span class="_0 blank"></span>icas: <span class="_2 blank"> </span>terapia <span class="_2 blank"> </span>somática <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>germinal, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o<span class="_1 blank"> </span>s <span class="_2 blank"> </span>altos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e <span class="_2 blank"> </span>baixos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>um<span class="_1 blank"> </span>a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tecnologia, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>os <span class="_2 blank"> </span>resultados </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ydf ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">alcançados, a <span class="_9 blank"></span>FIV tripare<span class="_0 blank"></span>ntal. <span class="_0 blank"></span>As <span class="_0 blank"></span>promessas <span class="_0 blank"></span>do <span class="_0 blank"></span>RNA: <span class="_0 blank"></span>as <span class="_0 blank"></span>ribozimas, <span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>tecnologia <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff5">anti-sense, <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff1">o <span class="_0 blank"></span>RNA <span class="_0 blank"></span>inte<span class="_0 blank"></span>rferente, <span class="_0 blank"></span>a <span class="_0 blank"></span>edição <span class="_0 blank"></span>gênica </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 ye0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C <span class="_9 blank"></span>A <span class="_0 blank"></span>P <span class="_9 blank"></span>Í T<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"></span>U L <span class="_9 blank"></span>O <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"></span>21. <span class="_0 blank"></span>CONSIDERAÇÕE<span class="_1 blank"> </span>S <span class="_0 blank"></span>FINAIS............................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..............................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>........................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>...... <span class="_0 blank"></span>27<span class="_1 blank"> </span>8<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 ye1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">B I B L I O G R A F I<span class="_1 blank"> </span> A<span class="ls3">................................................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>.......................................<span class="_1 blank"> </span>..................................... 28<span class="_1 blank"> </span></span>0 </div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 ye2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[159,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:758.810000px;width:72.620000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[172,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:707.650000px;width:71.810000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[189,"XYZ",82,761,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:612.540000px;width:69.810000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[204,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:539.400000px;width:71.750000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[216,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:488.230000px;width:71.980000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[226,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:404.110000px;width:71.130000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[257,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:330.970000px;width:71.740000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[257,"XYZ",82,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:268.820000px;width:71.750000px;height:12.200000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[274,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:184.690000px;width:73.200000px;height:12.210000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[288,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:99.551000px;width:71.680000px;height:24.209000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a><a class="l" data-dest-detail='[288,"XYZ",54,771,null]'><div class="d m1" style="border-style:none;position:absolute;left:54.450000px;bottom:81.344000px;width:86.540000px;height:18.207000px;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.000001);"></div></a></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xc ye3 w3 h16" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg7.png"><div class="t m0 x1a h2 ye4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">SUMÁRIO </div><div class="t m0 x1b ha y28 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2">v </div><div class="t m0 x1 h10 ye5 ff1 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">LISTA DE FIGURAS<span class="_0 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ye6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ye7 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 1.1. O campo da Biotecnologia </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y2b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 2.1.<span class="fs3"> </span>Representações esquemáticas da estrutura celular </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ye8 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 2.2. As células-tronco embrionárias </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc ye9 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 2.3: Os cromossomos </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yea ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 2.4. Mitose e meiose<span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yeb ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 3.1. Bactérias, clones e intercâmbio de material genéti<span class="_0 blank"></span>co<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c h17 yec ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws9">A.<span class="ff7 lsa ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">A <span class="ff6 ls1 ws4">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Formação de clones </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 yed ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls17 wsa">B.<span class="ff7 lsb ws2"> </span><span class="ws2">B <span class="ff6 ls1 wsb">\u2013</span><span class="ls1"> Mecanismos de<span class="_0 blank"></span> transferênci<span class="_0 blank"></span>a lateral ou horiz<span class="_0 blank"></span>ontal de mater<span class="_0 blank"></span>ial genético </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yee ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 3.2. Os vírus<span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 yef ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls18 wsc">A.<span class="ff7 lsc ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Estrut<span class="_0 blank"></span>ura funda<span class="_0 blank"></span>mental </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 yf0 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls17 wsa">B.<span class="ff7 lsd ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Morfologia <span class="_0 blank"></span>de diferentes vírus </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 yf1 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls19 wsd">C.<span class="ff7 lse ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">(Os <span class="_0 blank"></span>adenovírus e o<span class="_0 blank"></span> HIV parasit<span class="_0 blank"></span>am células humanas; o b<span class="_0 blank"></span>acteriófago, bac<span class="_0 blank"></span>térias). </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 yf2 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1a wse">D.<span class="ff7 lsf ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">A multiplic<span class="_0 blank"></span>ação de um bact<span class="_0 blank"></span>eriófago<span class="fs8 ls10"> </span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yf3 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 3.3. Logotipos utilizados como indicação de risco biológico </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yf4 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.1. A composição química de uma bactéria </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yf5 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.2. Aminoácidos e proteínas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yf6 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.3. Cromatografia em coluna </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yf7 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.4. Eletroforese </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yf8 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.5. Difração de raios X </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yf9 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.6. O mecanismo da atividade enzimática </div><div class="t m0 x1c h19 yfa ff1 fsd fc0 sc0 ls1b wsf">A.<span class="ff7 ls11 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">O model<span class="_0 blank"></span>o chave-fec<span class="_0 blank"></span>hadura<span class="fsd"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 yfb ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls17 wsa">B.<span class="ff7 lsd ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">A enzima diminui<span class="_0 blank"></span> a energia de<span class="_0 blank"></span> ativação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yfc ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.7. A estrutura da molécula de anticorpo (IgG)<span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yfd ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.8. Os anticorpos e o reconhecimento do antígeno </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yfe ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.9. O encontro do linfócito B e do antígeno, e a sel<span class="_0 blank"></span>eção clonal </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yff ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.10. A produção de anticorpos no laboratório </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y100 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 4.11. Os ensaios imunológicos<span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h1a y101 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A. Associação d<span class="_0 blank"></span>os antic<span class="_0 blank"></span>orpos com molécul<span class="_0 blank"></span>as fluorescent<span class="_0 blank"></span>es </div><div class="t m0 x1c h1a y102 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">B. Associaç<span class="_0 blank"></span>ão dos antico<span class="_0 blank"></span>rpos com enzimas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y103 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 5.1. Composição química dos ácidos nucleicos </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y6b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 5.2. A molécula de DNA </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y104 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 5.3. O fluxo da informação genética </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y105 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 5.4. A organização e regulação dos genes nas células procarióticas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y106 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 5.5. A organização e regulação dos genes nas células eucarióticas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y107 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 5.6. As etapas da síntese de proteínas (Recapitulação) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y108 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 5.7. O silenciamento gênico </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y109 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.1. O processo fermentativo genérico </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y10a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws9">FI<span class="ls1 ws2">GURA 6.2. Respiração e fermentação </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y10b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.3. As diversas fases do crescimento de uma população microbiana e a produção de metabólitos </div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 y10c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls18 wsc">A.<span class="ff7 ls12 ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">As fase<span class="_0 blank"></span>s de cre<span class="_0 blank"></span>scimento de uma po<span class="_0 blank"></span>pulação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h1b y10d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1c ws10">B.<span class="ff7 ls13 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">A produção <span class="fs8">d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e metabólitos primários e secundários<span class="fs0"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y10e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.4. A metodologia HTS para triagem e evolução dirigida de linhagens bacterianas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y10f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.5. Modelos de biorreatores utilizados em processos tr<span class="_0 blank"></span>adicionais<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c h17 y6d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws9">A.<span class="ff7 ls14 ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Biorreator para fermentações em fase sólida </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h17 y110 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1d ws11">B.<span class="ff7 ls15 ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">A produção de vinagre (Método de Orléans) </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y111 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.6. Modelo de biorreator utilizado em fermentações submersas </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y112 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.7. Fermentações, agentes biológicos e biorreatores<span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y113 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.8. A mudança de escala, do laboratório à indústri<span class="_0 blank"></span>a<span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y114 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 6.9. A obtenção de ácido cítrico por fermentação </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y115 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 7.1. As diversas partes de uma planta angiosperma </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y116 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 7.2. O procedimento a seguir para se obter uma cultura assépti<span class="_0 blank"></span>ca no laboratório<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y117 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 7.4. A cultura de meristemas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y1f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 7.5. As diferentes possibilidades dos cul<span class="_0 blank"></span>tivos de calos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y118 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 7.6. As possibilidades do cultivo de células vegetais </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y119 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 7.7. As culturas de células de origem animal </div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 y21 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls18 wsc">A.<span class="ff7 ls12 ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Etapas d<span class="_0 blank"></span>a cultur<span class="_0 blank"></span>a de leucócito<span class="_0 blank"></span>s para a análise do c<span class="_0 blank"></span>ariótipo </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h1a y11a ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">B. Etapas da c<span class="_0 blank"></span>ultura de cé<span class="_0 blank"></span>lulas a partir d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e um fragmento d<span class="_0 blank"></span>e tecido </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y11b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.1: As enzimas de restrição (EcoRI corta o DNA na sequência palindrômica GAA<span class="_0 blank"></span>TTC) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y11c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.2. A eletroforese do DNA </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y11d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.3. Os polimorfismos </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y11e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.4. Hibridização de uma sequência de DNA com uma sonda complementar marcada </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y11f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.5. A técnica de Southern </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y120 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.6. A síntese de oligonucleotíde<span class="_0 blank"></span>os<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 y121 w4 h1c" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg8.png"><div class="t m0 x15 hc yab ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">M.A.MALAJOVICH - BIOTECNOLOGIA (2016) <span class="ls5"> <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="ls1"> <span class="_0 blank"></span> http://bteduc.com </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yac ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y28 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls23 ws12">vi<span class="ls1 ws2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y122 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.7. A síntese de cDNA por transcriptase reversa </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y123 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.8. A reação em cadeia da polimerase </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y124 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.9. O sequenciamento de um fragmento de DNA <span class="fsd"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y125 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 8.10. Fundamentos da tecnologia de <span class="ff5 ws4">arrays</span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y126 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.1. Cortar, colar, copiar: a experiência que deu origem à engenharia genética </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y127 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.2. Sapobacter ou Bactosapo? </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y128 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.3. A construção de bibliotecas de genes </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y129 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.4. A produção de somatotropina por engenharia genética </div><div class="t m0 x15 h1d y12a ff1 fse fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y12b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.5. Algumas estratégias possíveis de clonagem </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y12c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.6. A estrutura de um vetor de expressão </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y12d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.7. Semelhanças entre os Legos e os Biobri<span class="_0 blank"></span>cks (www.biochem.hku.hk/synbio/?_id=148)<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1d hc y12e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A. Classificação hierárquica </div><div class="t m0 x1d hc y12f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">B. Construções intercambiando as partes </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y130 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.8. A construção de uma planta transgênica no laboratório </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y131 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.9. As etapas da construção de uma planta tr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ansgênica <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y132 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.10. Construção de animais transgênicos </div><div class="t m0 x1d h1a y133 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A. Microinje<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção. </div><div class="t m0 x1d hc y134 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">B. Transfec<span class="_0 blank"></span>ção de célul<span class="_0 blank"></span>as-tronco embrio<span class="_0 blank"></span>nárias <span class="fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y135 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 9.11. A edição gênica com CRISPR-Cas9 </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc yb ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.1. As etapas necessárias para a produção de etanol a partir de diferentes matéri<span class="_0 blank"></span>as-prim<span class="_1 blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y136 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.2. A produção de etanol a partir da cana-<span class="ls24 ws13">de</span>-açúcar </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y137 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.3. A biodigestão em condições aeróbias<span class="_0 blank"></span> e anaeróbias. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y138 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.4. As complexas etapas da produção de biogás dentro do biodigestor </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y139 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.5. As utilizações do biogás </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y13a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.6. A reação de transesterificação </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y13b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.7. O caso Amyris </div><div class="t m0 x1d h17 y13c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws9">A.<span class="ff7 lsa ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">Do <span class="ff5 ws14">quingha<span class="_0 blank"></span>osu<span class="ff1 ws2"> à artemisi<span class="_0 blank"></span>na<span class="fsf"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h17 y13d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1d ws11">B.<span class="ff7 ls1e ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">Produtos ger<span class="_0 blank"></span>ados na pl<span class="_0 blank"></span>ataforma tecnológic<span class="_0 blank"></span>a baseada na e<span class="_0 blank"></span>ngenharia met<span class="_0 blank"></span>abólica da levedu<span class="_0 blank"></span>ra (via dos isoprenoides ou <span class="_0 blank"></span>terpenos)<span class="fsf"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y8a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 10.8. O caso Solazyme<span class="fsd"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y13e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 11.1. A indústria de papel e de celulose. </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y13f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 11.2. Controle biológico do <span class="ff5">Aedes aegypti </span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h18 y140 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls18 wsc">A.<span class="ff7 ls1f ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Ciclo<span class="_0 blank"></span> de vida d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o mosquito <span class="ff5">Aedes a<span class="_0 blank"></span>egypti<span class="ff1"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h18 y141 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls17 wsa">B.<span class="ff7 lsd ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Controle po<span class="_0 blank"></span>r <span class="ff5 ws15">Wolbacchia</span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h18 y142 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls19 wsd">C.<span class="ff7 lse ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Contr<span class="_0 blank"></span>ole por ir<span class="_0 blank"></span>radiação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h18 y143 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1a wse">D.<span class="ff7 ls20 ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">Controle p<span class="_0 blank"></span>or engenharia gené<span class="_0 blank"></span>tica </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ycb ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 11.3. A compostagem </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y144 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 11.4. O tratamento das águas residuais <span class="fs3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc ycd ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 11.5. O funcionamento de um biossensor </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y145 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 11.2. Os principais contaminantes do meio ambiente </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y146 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 11.6. As estratégias de biorremediaçã<span class="ls25">o </span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y147 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 12.1. O transporte de plantas de um continente a outro </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y148 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 12.2. Distribuição da produção agrícola na área habitável do planeta </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y149 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 12.3. Os vegetais na alimentação humana </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y14a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 13.1. O milho </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y14b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 13.2. A produção de milho híbrido </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y14c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 13.3. As etapas da construção de uma planta transgênica </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y14d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 13.4. Os elos que integram a cadeia produtiva da semente </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y14e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 14.1. O Controle da reprodução em bovinos </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y14f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 14.2. Dolly, um clone obtido por transferência nuclear </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y150 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 14.3. O <span class="ls26 ws16">sa</span>lmão transgênico AquAdvantage (Aquabounty Technologies) </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y151 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 14.2. Significado e alcance dos três Rs (do inglês <span class="ff5 ws4">replacement</span><span class="ls8">, </span><span class="ff5 ws4">reduction</span><span class="ls8">, </span><span class="ff5 ws4">refinement</span>) </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y152 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 15.1. A panificação </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y153 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 15.2. A vinificação </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y154 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 15.4. A produção de laticínios </div><div class="t m0 x1d h17 y155 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws9">A.<span class="ff7 ls21 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">Iogurte tradi<span class="_0 blank"></span>cional e iogurte<span class="_0 blank"></span> batido </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1d h17 y156 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1d ws11">B.<span class="ff7 ls22 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">Queijo. Os <span class="_0 blank"></span>agentes biológic<span class="_0 blank"></span>os intervêm nas e<span class="_0 blank"></span>tapas de c<span class="_0 blank"></span>oagulação e na matur<span class="_0 blank"></span>ação de al<span class="_0 blank"></span>guns produto </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y157 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 15.5. A produção de xarope de frutose </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y158 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 16.1. O que é um transgênico? </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y159 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 16.2. A estrutura de um transge<span class="ls27 ws17">ne</span> </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y15a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 16.3. O símbolo de transgênico adotado no Brasil. </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y15b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 17.1. As respostas primária e secundária do organismo </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y15c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 17.2. A memória imunológica </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y15d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 17.3. A utilização da tecnologia do DNA-recombinante na vacina contra a hepatite B. </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y15e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 17.4. Os diferentes tipos de vacinas </div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y15f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 18.1. Imagens comerciais de alguns dispositivos mini<span class="_0 blank"></span>aturizados utilizados em testes diagnósticos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="c x1e y160 w5 h1e"><div class="t m0 xc h7 y161 ff6 fs6 fc2 sc0 ls1 ws1">CHASIS<span class="ff8 fs7 ws2"> </span></div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xc y162 w3 h1f" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bg9.png"><div class="t m0 x1a h2 ye4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">SUMÁRIO </div><div class="t m0 x1f ha y28 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2">vii </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y122 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 18.2. Imagem comercial dos sistemas API de Biomérieux (http://www.tgw1916.net/Tests/api.html). </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y123 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 18.3. O método direto e indireto de um teste<span class="_0 blank"></span> positivo de ELISA. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y124 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 18.4: As técnicas com base genética </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y125 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 18.5. O sistema HLA </div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 y163 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls18 wsc">A.<span class="ff7 ls1f ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">A heran<span class="_0 blank"></span>ça dos hapl<span class="_0 blank"></span>ótipos. </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 y2c ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls17 wsa">B.<span class="ff7 lsd ws2"> <span class="ff6 ls1">Reação mista o<span class="_0 blank"></span>u \u201ccross<span class="ff1 ls28">-</span>matching\u201d. C<span class="_0 blank"></span>olocam<span class="ff1">-se em cont<span class="_0 blank"></span>ato as cé<span class="_0 blank"></span>lulas do doador c<span class="_0 blank"></span>om o soro d<span class="_0 blank"></span>o receptor, em presenç<span class="_0 blank"></span>a de </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h1a y164 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">complemento. Se<span class="_0 blank"></span> as célul<span class="_0 blank"></span>as do doador fic<span class="_0 blank"></span>am intactas, há co<span class="_0 blank"></span>mpatibilida<span class="_0 blank"></span>de. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y165 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 18.6. O uso de <span class="ff5 ws4">arrays</span> no diagnóstico de mutações nos genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y166 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 19.1. As etapas do desenvolvimento de um medicamento </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y167 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 19.2: A fórmula da aspirina </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y168 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 19.3. A fórmula da penicilina </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y60 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 19.4. A insulina humana </div><div class="t m0 x1c h18 y169 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls18 wsc">A.<span class="ff7 ls1f ws2"> <span class="ff1 ls1">A moléc<span class="_0 blank"></span>ula de ins<span class="_0 blank"></span>ulina </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h17 y16a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1d ws11">B.<span class="ff7 ls22 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">A síntese<span class="_0 blank"></span> da insulina<span class="fs8">. </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y16b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 20.1. O princípio da clonagem terapêutica </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y16c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 20.2. A transformação de uma célula normal e<span class="_0 blank"></span>m cancerosa por mutação (câncer de cólon).<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y16d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 20.3. O tratamento com sipuleucel-T (Provenge®). </div><div class="t m0 x1c h1a y16e ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">A. Extração das c<span class="_0 blank"></span>élulas d<span class="_0 blank"></span>endríticas<span class="fsd"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h1a y16f ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">B. Incubação <span class="_0 blank"></span>das células co<span class="_0 blank"></span>m Provenge® </div><div class="t m0 x1c h1a y170 ff1 fs3 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">C. Reinfusão<span class="_0 blank"></span> das células modi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ficadas no pacie<span class="_0 blank"></span>nte (3 vezes com 2 se<span class="_0 blank"></span>manas de int<span class="_0 blank"></span>ervalo) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y171 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 20.4: O princípio da terapia gênica. </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y172 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">FIGURA 20.5: As tecnologias de silenciamento gên<span class="_0 blank"></span>ico.<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1c h17 y173 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws9">A.<span class="ff7 ls21 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">As ribozimas </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h17 y174 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1d ws11">B.<span class="ff7 ls22 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">O RNA <span class="ff5 ls2a ws18">anti<span class="ls1 ws19">-sense</span></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x1c h17 y175 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls2b ws1a">C.<span class="ff7 ls29 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs3 ls1">O RNA inte<span class="_0 blank"></span>rferente<span class="fs8"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x21 hc y176 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 ha y177 ff1 fs7 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">LISTA DE TABELAS </div><div class="t m0 x1 h20 y178 ff1 fs10 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h21 y179 ff3 fsa fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> <span class="ff1 fs8"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y17a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 1.1. Produtos e serviços de origem biotecnológica, em di<span class="_0 blank"></span>ferentes setores<span class="fs0"> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y17b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 1.2. A linha do tempo </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y17c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 2.1. A função e a distribuição das estruturas celulares </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y17d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 2.2. As células como agentes biológicos </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y17e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 3.1. Os microrganismos dentro do marco da uma classificação biológica atual <span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y17f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 3.2. As bactérias (Eubactérias e Arqueas) como agentes<span class="_0 blank"></span> biológicos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y180 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 3.3. As algas como agentes biológicos </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y181 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 3.4. Os fungos como agentes biológicos<span class="fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y182 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 4.1. As funções das proteínas no organismo </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y183 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 4.2. A classificação internacional das enzimas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y184 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 4.3. As enzimas como agentes bi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ológicos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y185 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 4.4. Os anticorpos como agentes bi<span class="_0 blank"></span>ológicos<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y186 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 5.1: O código genético </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y187 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 5.2. Os ácidos nucleicos (DNA e RNA) como agentes biológicos </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y188 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 7.1. Os componentes do meio de cultura para células vegetais </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y4e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 7.2. Os componentes de um meio de cultura básico para células<span class="_0 blank"></span> animais<span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y189 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 7.3. Origem e utilização de algumas linhage<span class="_0 blank"></span>ns celulares </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y18a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 10.1. Diversidade de produtos derivados de algumas matérias-primas renováveis </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y18b ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 10.2. Metabólitos primários e secundários obtidos por fermentação e/ou bioconversão enzimáti<span class="_0 blank"></span>ca <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc yd6 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 10.3. O poder calorífico de vários combustíve<span class="_0 blank"></span>is. <span class="_1 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y18c ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 11.1. Alguns exemplos de utilização de agentes biológicos como pesticidas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y18d ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 11.2. Os principais contaminantes do meio ambiente </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y18e ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 12.1. Os principais tipos de vegetais que entram em nossa alimentação </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y18f ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 12.2<span class="ls0">. </span>As plantas e a indústria </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y190 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 12.3. Os centros de diversificação e os cultivos originários </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y191 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 14.1. O risco de escapamento de um animal transgênico </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y192 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 14.2. Significado e alcance dos três Rs (do inglês <span class="ff5 ws4">replacement</span><span class="ls8">, </span><span class="ff5 ws4">reduction</span><span class="ls8">, </span><span class="ff5 ws4">refinement</span>) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y193 ff1 fs8 fc3 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 16.1. As plantas geneticamente modificadas no mundo (Dados do ISAAA, março de 2016) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y194 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 17.1. A produção de vacinas no Brasil </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y195 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 18.1. As qualidades de um bom teste de di<span class="_0 blank"></span>agnóstico. </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y196 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 18.2. Algumas das mais de 8.000 doenças genéticas descritas </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y197 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 19.1. A linha do tempo de entrada dos antibióticos e antibacterianos no mercado </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y198 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 19.2. Alguns biofármacos de interesse médico </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y199 ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">TABELA 19.3. Os medicamentos biológicos mais lucrativos em 2014 (Statista, Phrma) </div><div class="t m0 x1 hc y19a ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y19b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x9 y19c w4 hb" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/57a5aae3-1a22-4d58-b836-4fb55ad2bf31/bga.png"><div class="t m0 x15 hc yab ff1 fs8 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2">M.A.MALAJOVICH - BIOTECNOLOGIA (2016) <span class="ls5"> <span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="ls1"> <span class="_0 blank"></span> http://bteduc.com </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yac ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y28 ff1 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1 ws2">viii </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y19d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y19e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y19f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a0 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y12a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a1 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a2 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a4 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a6 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y171 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a7 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a8 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1a9 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1aa ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 yc5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1ab ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1ac ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1ad ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1ae ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1af ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1b0 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1b1 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1b2 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1b3 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1b4 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div><div class="t m0 x15 h3 y1b5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1 ws2"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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