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LÍNGUA INLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
AULA 01
		1 - Choose the correct alternitve in relation to the prepositions below: I couldn't get in ______ the door so I had to climb ______ a window.
	
	
	
	between / into
	
	
	out of / between
	
	
	through / in
	
	
	out of / into
	
	
	up / along
	Explicação:
FIXED PREPOSITION:
I couldn't get in ______ (THROUGH) the door so I had to climb ______ (IN)  a window.
	 	
		
	
		2.
		Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks below: I took the old card ______ the computer and put ______ the new one.
	
	
	
	through / in
	
	
	out of / between
	
	
	out of / in
	
	
	up / along
	
	
	out of / into
	Explicação:
I took the old card ______ (OUT OF - TIRAR DE) the computer and put ______ (IN - EM) the new one.
	
	
	
	
		
	
		3.
		Choose the alternative that correctly fits the following situation: Look, that car's ______ fire.
	
	
	
	into
	
	
	with
	
	
	on
	
	
	in
	
	
	through
	Explicação:
Expressão fixa:
on fire: pegando fogo.
	
		4.
		Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks: To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ those stairs and then ______ the corridor to the end.
	
	
	
	out of / into
	
	
	between / into
	
	
	out of / between
	
	
	over / into
	
	
	up / along
	Explicação:
To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ (UP - SUBIR) those stairs and then ______ (ALONG - AO LONGO DE) the corridor to the end.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		Choose the correct alternative to complete the spaces: Harry comes to work ______ car but I prefer to come ______ foot.
	
	
	
	at / into
	
	
	beside / next to
	
	
	by / on
	
	
	in / next to
	
	
	at / in
	Explicação:
Expressões fixas:
by car - de carro
on foot - a pé
	
		6.
		Which is the correct preposition? I saw something about it ______ television.
	
	
	
	at
	
	
	through
	
	
	in
	
	
	with
	
	
	on
	Explicação:
FIXED PREPOSITION: ON TELEVISION.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		In which alternative the preposition is incorrectly classified according to its complement?
	
	
	
	She handed the money to me (to - Complement of a verb frase -  indirect object)
	
	
	He had a thirst for revenge never seen before. (for - Complement of an adjective frase -  noun complement) COMPLEMENT OF A NOUN PHRASE - ADJECTIVE.
	
	
	He is attentive to her needs (to - Complement of an adjective frase -  noun complemente)
	
	
	Come out from under the bed (from - Adjunct of a verb phrase - adverb.)
	
	
	It was on the table (on - Adjunct of a verb phrase - adverb.)
	
Explicação:
He had a thirst for revenge never seen before. (for - Complement of an adjective frase -  noun complement)
	
		8.
		Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks: It's unlucky to walk ______ a ladder in my culture. I always walk ______ them.
	
	
	
	through / in
	
	
	under / around
	
	
	out of / in
	
	
	out of / into
	
	
	up / along
	Explicação:
It's unlucky to walk ______ (UNDER - SOB) a ladder in my culture. I always walk ______ (AROUND - AO REDOR) them.
AULA 02
		1 - Which sentence is incorrect?
	
	
	
	Can you go to the store before we run out of milk.
	
	
	Why don't you switch the music over while you wait?
	
	
	We will have to wait the bus for at the corner.
	
	
	I have to put the baby down while I sweep the floor.
	
	
	Melissa is going to look after the children.
	
Explicação:
We will have to wait the bus for at the corner. = WE WILL HAVE TO WAIT FOR THE BUS AT THE CORNER  = THE PHRASAL VERB IS INSEPARABLE.
	
		2.
		In which alternative the phrasal verb is INSEPARABLE?
	
	
	
	She looked up the word in her dictionary.
	
	
	I picked up the book.
	
	
	He paid back the debt.
	
	
	He turned down my offer
	
	
	They splashed out on new office furniture.
	
Explicação:
INSEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS always remain together. It makes no difference if a noun or pronoun is used.
· He scraped by on only $800 a month for two years. NOT He scraped it by for two years.
· They splashed out on new office furniture. NOT They splashed it out.
 
NOTE: 
a) All phrasal verbs containing more than one particle are inseparable.
· I've put up with the situation for more than two years.
 
b) Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs? Some dictionaries tell you when phrasal verbs are separable. If a dictionary writes "look (something) up", you know that the phrasal verb "look up" is separable, and you can say "look something up" and "look up something". It's a good idea to write "something/somebody" as appropriate in your vocabulary book when you learn a new phrasal verb, like this:
· get up
· break down
· put something/somebody off
· turn sthg/sby down
This tells you whether the verb needs a direct object (and where to put it).
 
TIP:  If you are not sure whether a phrasal verb is separable or inseparable, ALWAYS use a noun or nouns phrase and DO NOT separate. In this manner, you will always be correct!
	
	
		3.
		In which alternative the phrasal verb has the following structure: Verb + particle (adverb) + preposition?
	
	
	
	You should think it over.
	
	
	Who can put up with that?
	
	
	They pick on Joseph.
	
	
	Who is looking after the kids?
	
	
	They brought that up twice
	
Explicação:
Verb + particle (adverb) + preposition (particle-prepositional phrasal verbs)
a. Who can put up with that? ¿ up is a particle and with is a preposition.
b. She is looking forward to a rest. ¿ forward is a particle and to is a preposition.
c. The other tanks were bearing down on my panther. ¿ down is a particle and on is a preposition
	
		4.
		In which alternative the phrasal verb is intransitive?
	
	
	
	e) The couple decided to break up after their argument.
	
	
	b) He blew out the match after lighting the stove.
	
	
	a) She sat in for me during my absence.
	
	
	c) The war plane fired a missile that blew up the bridge
	
	
	d) The U.S. broke off relations with Cuba in the 1960's.
	
Explicação:
Some phrasal verbs are INTRANSITIVE . (An intransitive verb does not have an object.)
· My car broke down.
· The thieves got away.
· The bus broke down on the way to work.
· She got up early.
· I bore up.
· Tell her to bear up! (to encourage from misfortune).
· When I entered the room he looked up.
· The children are growing up.
· We set off for the beach.
· He fell off the ladder.
 
Some phrasal verbs are TRANSITIVE. (A transitive verb always has an object.)
· I made up an excuse. ('Excuse' is the object of the verb.)
· She takes after her mother (`her mother¿ is the object of the verb)
I know I can count on you (`you¿ is the object of the verb)
 
	
		5.
		Complete: "At Ronnie's party everyone talked about Jon's strange ______. He wore a tank top with a tie, and shorts with holes in the shape of hearts in them."
	
	
	
	get on with
	
	
	get out
	
	
	getup
	
	
	get over
	
	
	get up
	
Explicação:
a. get over = SUPERAR
b. get up = LEVANTAR
c. get on with = DAR-SE COM
d. getup = noun Informal - An outfit or costume.
e. get out = SAIR
	
		6.
		Complete the sentence with the correct phrasal verb:   "There's a police car following us. I think you should slow down or he'll make us ___________."
	
	
	
	pull up
	
	
	sweater
	
	
	pullover
	
	
	pull over
	
	
	pull aside
	Explicação:
b) pull over = ENCOSTAR O CARRO
c) pullover = SUÉTER
d) pull up = PULAR
e) pull aside = LEVAR ALGUÉM PARA O LADO.
	
		7.
		Which alternative presents a separable phrasal verb?
	
	
	
	My car broke down
	
	
	He scraped by on only $800 a month for two years.
	
	
	They splashed out on new office furniture.
	
	
	We set off for the beach
	
	
	He paid back the debt.
	
Explicação:
SEPARABLE PHRASAL verbs can remain together or not when using an object that is a noun or noun phrase. The object can come before or after the particle.
· He paid back the debt. OR He paid the debt back.
· She looked up the word in her dictionary. OR She looked the wordup in her dictionary.
· I picked up the book. OR  I picked the book up.
· He turned down my offer OR He turned my offer down.
Separable phrasal verbs MUST be separated when a pronoun is used:
· We ran it up by $50,000. (NOT We ran up it by $50,000)
· They bailed him out of the situation.(NOT They bailed out of the situation him)
· Frank paid it all back by the end of the month. (NOT Frank paid it all back by the end of the month)
	
		8.
		In which alternative the phrasal verb is correctly analyzed?
	
	
	
	He fell off the ladder. (transitive)
	
	
	The bus broke down on the way to work. (transitive)
	
	
	I made up an excuse. (intransitive)
	
	
	We set off for the beach. (transitive)
	
	
	I know I can count on you (transitive)
	Explicação:
Some phrasal verbs are INTRANSITIVE . (An intransitive verb does not have an object.)
· My car broke down.
· The thieves got away.
· The bus broke down on the way to work.
· She got up early.
· I bore up.
· Tell her to bear up! (to encourage from misfortune).
· When I entered the room he looked up.
· The children are growing up.
· We set off for the beach.
· He fell off the ladder.
 
Some phrasal verbs are TRANSITIVE. (A transitive verb always has an object.)
· I made up an excuse. ('Excuse' is the object of the verb.)
· She takes after her mother (`her mother¿ is the object of the verb)
I know I can count on you (`you¿ is the object of the verb)
AULA 03
		1 - Fill in with the correct phrasal verb: "A small fire _____ in Mrs. Evan's house, because a small pan of milk ______. She ________from the stove, but unfortunately, her apron ___________in smoke."
	
	
	
	broke out - boiled over - pulled it out of - went on.
	
	
	broke out - boiled over - pulled it away - went up.
	
	
	broke into - boiled over - pulled it out of - went up
	
	
	broke out - boiled up - pulled it out of - went on.
	
	
	broke into - boiled up - pulled it away - went up.
	
Explicação:
break out (start)
boil over (overheat)
pull away (withdraw)
go up (ignite)
 
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
		2.
		In which sentence there is a phrasal verb?
	
	
	
	She opened the shutters and looked outside.
	
	
	Could you look after my cat while I'm away?
	
	
	He wasn't tall enough and couldn't climb over the fence.
	
	
	Quick! Get on the bus. It's ready to leave.
	
	
	I just didn't see them. I drove through the traffic lights when they were red.
	
Explicação:
 Could you look after my cat while I¿m away? = THERE IS A CHANGE IN THE MEANING OF THE VERB.
	
	
	
		3.
		What is the meaning of the following phrasal verb? "Most of Harry's friends feel that corporate income tax should BE DONE AWAY WITH competition".
	
	
	
	To tolerate.
	
	
	To direct anger, frustration, etc. toward someone who is nearby but who has nothing to do with the cause of the emotion.
	
	
	To make an end of; eliminate.
	
	
	To share information with someone.
	
	
	To think about some future event.
	
Explicação:
· DO AWAY WITH (To make an end of; eliminate): Most of Harry¿s friends feel that corporate income tax should be done away with competition (direct object). (transitive)
	
		4.
		In which alternative there is a particle phrasal verb?
	
	
	
	d) I decided to follow up.
	
	
	a) The job calls for English fluency.
	
	
	b) They¿re not willing to put up with it anymore.
	
	
	e) I sometimes call on my friends for help with problems.
	
	
	c) We put an alarm in our house after a thief broke into it last year.
	Explicação:
Verb + particle (particle phrasal verbs)
· You should not give in so quickly. ¿ in is a particle, not a preposition.
· Where do they want to hang out? ¿ out is a particle, not a preposition.
· She handed it in. ¿ in is a particle, not a preposition.
 
Verb + preposition (prepositional phrasal verbs)
· She takes after her mother. ¿ after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after her mother.
· Sam passes for a linguist. ¿ for is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase for a linguist.
· You should stand by your friend. ¿ by is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase by your friend.
 
Verb + particle + preposition (particle-prepositional phrasal verbs)
d. They were really teeing off on me. ¿ off is a particle and on is a preposition.
e. We loaded up on Mountain Dew and chips. ¿ up is a particle and on is a preposition
f. Susan has been sitting in for me. ¿ in is a particle and for is a preposition
	
		5.
		What is the meaning of 'gave in to' in the sentence: "She always gave in to his demands."
	
	
	
	confronted
	
	
	refused
	
	
	broke
	
	
	belittled
	
	
	surrendered
	Explicação:
Give in (to sth)  1. to finally agree to something that someone wants after first refusing: 2. to accept that you have been defeated and stop arguing or fighting.
	
		6.
		Which phrasal verb is transitive?
	
	
	
	drop by - visit without appointment
	
	
	catch on - become popular
	
	
	come in - regain consciousness
	
	
	come to - enter
	
	
	ask out - invite to go out
	Explicação:
Ask out SOMEONE = INVITE SOMEONE TO GO OUT = HE INVITED SUSAN OUT. (DIRECT OBJECT).
	
		7.
		Which phrasal verb is intransitive?
	
	
	
	brush off - not to consider
	
	
	bring up - raise children, mention a topic
	
	
	bring in- present
	
	
	bring forward - antecipate
	
	
	pass out - lose consciousness, faint
	Explicação:
ring in- present something - TRANSITIVE
bring forward - antecipate something - TRANSITIVE
bring up - raise children, mention a topic - TRANSITIVE
brush off - not to consider something - TRANSITIVE
	
		8.
		What is the meaning of the phrasal verb ¿to look up¿ in the sentence: "My friend Janet had always LOOKED UP TO her boss."
	
	
	
	communicated with
	
	
	respected
	
	
	confronted
	
	
	tolerated
	
	
	became unfriendly with
	Explicação:
Look up to someone = to admire and respect someone
He¿s a role model for other players to look up to.
AULA 04
		Choose the best inversion structure to complete the sentence. "Had ________the truth, he wouldn't have invited them."
	
	
	
	He did known
	
	
	Knew he
	
	
	he known
	
	
	known he
	
	
	Did he known
	
Explicação:
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
We use an Unreal Past Perfect in the if-clause when we are thinking about how things might have been different. In the conditional sentence we can omit if or other conditional words and start with Had:
· Had I believed her for one moment, I wouldn¿t have refused to help.
· Had you told me earlier, I would/could/might have done something about it.
	
		2.
		What is the right inverted case considering the sentence "If you had known my dad, you would have thought he was wonderful too."?
	
	
	
	Knew my dad, you would have thought he was wonderful too.
	
	
	You have known my dad. you would have thought he was wonderful too.
	
	
	Have you known my dad, you would have thought he was wonderful too.
	
	
	Known my dad, you would have thought he was wonderful too.
	
	
	Had you known my dad, you would have thought he was wonderful too.
	Explicação:
CONDITIONAL TYPE 3
We use an Unreal Past Perfect in the if-clause when we are thinking about how things might have been
different. In the conditional sentence we can omit if or other conditional words and start with Had:
· Had I believed her for one moment, I wouldn¿t have refused to help.
· Had you told me earlier, I would/could/might have done something about it.
	
		3.
		Complete the sentence: (Never/I/meet) _________________such well-behaved children before. They are as good as gold.
	
	
	
	d) Never met I
	
	
	e) Never has I met
	
	
	b) Never I met
	
	
	a) Never have I met
	
	
	c) Never I have met
	Explicação:
FREQUENCY (WITH NEVER, HARDLY EVER, RARELY,SELDOM, NO SOONER)
When a story is told in the past tense, the adverbials hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are often used to emphasise that one event quickly followed another. The verb describing the earlier event is usually in the past perfect tense. If hardly,scarcely, barely and no sooner are in the initial position, the subject and auxiliary are inverted:
· I had never seen so many people in one room. (= normal word order)
· Never had I seen so many people in one room. (= inversion)
	
	
		4.
		Complete the sentence: The boss didn¿t know what to do, _____ the rest of us.
	
	
	
	d) nor did
	
	
	a) so did
	
	
	c) neither
	
	
	b) either
	
	
	e) so didn¿t
	Explicação:
When "so", "neither" and "nor" are used to make short agreements they are followed by an inversion.
· "I am not into hip hop.""Neither am I." (Or: "Nor am I.")
· "I am fond of flamenco dancing.""So am I."
 
We use inversion after neither or nor when these words begin a clause to introduce a negative addition to a  previous negative clause or sentence:
· For some time after the explosion Jack couldn¿t hear, and neither could he see.
· The council never wanted the new supermarket to be built, not did local residents.
	
	
	
	 
	
	
		5.
		Only by working three jobs _____ able to support his large family
	
	
	
	he is
	
	
	he was
	
	
	being he
	
	
	was he
	
	
	he's being
	Explicação:
Inversion brings about fronting, the re-ordering of information in a sentence to give emphasis in a particular place. Often this causes an element to be postponed until later in the sentence, focusing attention on it.
Only by working three jobs _____ able to support his large family. (WAS HE) 
	
		6.
		Change the regular sentence into one with inversion. "John had never been to such a fantastic restaurant."
	
	
	
	Never have John been to such a fantastic restaurant.
	
	
	Never John has been to such a fantastic restaurant.
	
	
	Never John had been to such a fantastic restaurant.
	
	
	Never has John been to such a fantastic restaurant.
	
	
	Never had John been to such a fantastic restaurant.
	Explicação:
FREQUENCY (WITH NEVER, HARDLY EVER, RARELY,SELDOM, NO SOONER)
When a story is told in the past tense, the adverbials hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are often used to emphasise that one event quickly followed another. The verb describing the earlier event is usually in the past perfect tense. If hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are in the initial position, the subject and auxiliary are inverted:
· I had never seen so many people in one room. (= normal word order)
· Never had I seen so many people in one room. (= inversion)
	
		7.
		Choose the best inversion structure to complete the sentence. "The view of the canyon was breathtaking. Never before __________such beauty."
	
	
	
	we hadn't seen
	
	
	had we seen
	
	
	had we saw
	
	
	had seen we
	
	
	we had seen
	Explicação:
When a story is told in the past tense, the adverbials hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are often used to emphasise that one event quickly followed another. The verb describing the earlier event is usually in the past perfect tense. If hardly, scarcely, barely and no sooner are in the initial position, the subject and auxiliary are inverted:
· Never (before) have we faced such a challenge! (We have never faced such a challenge!)
	
	
		8.
		Complete the sentence: ___ you see Frank at the conference, give him my regards
	
	
	
	d) Could
	
	
	e) Have to
	
	
	a) Should
	
	
	c) Might
	
	
	b) Would
	Explicação:
Sometimes conditional forms are inverted as a means of sounding more formal. In this case, the conditional 'if' is dropped and the inverted forms takes the place of the 'if clause'.
¿ CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
In formal contexts we can omit if or other conditional words and start the sentence with should:
· Should you change your mind, please let me know.
AULA 05
		1 - Select the type of sentence: "Stay in your seat."
	
	
	
	Imperative
	
	
	None of the above
	
	
	Interrogative
	
	
	Exclamatory
	
	
	Assertive or Declarative
	Explicação:
An assertive or declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something.
· Tomorrow I will do it.
· She did not want to go to the movies with me.
An Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question.
· What do you think I should wear the pink shoes or the white sneakers?
· What happened to you yesterday?
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses sudden and strong feelings, such as surprise, wonder, pity, sympathy, happiness, or gratitude.
· I cannot wait to be a grown-up!
· We beat that other team good!
An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish.
· Do the dishes. (an order)
· Please do me this favor. (a request)
· Have a good time in Moscow. (a wish)
	
	
	
	
		2.
		Select the type of sentence:  "He said that he couldn't  go"
	
	
	
	Imperative
	
	
	Exclamatory
	
	
	 Interrogative
	
	
	Declarative
	
	
	None of the above
	Explicação:
An assertive or declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something.
· Tomorrow I will do it.
· She did not want to go to the movies with me.
An Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question.
· What do you think I should wear the pink shoes or the white sneakers?
· What happened to you yesterday?
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses sudden and strong feelings, such as surprise, wonder, pity, sympathy, happiness, or gratitude.
· I cannot wait to be a grown-up!
· We beat that other team good!
An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish.
· Do the dishes. (an order)
· Please do me this favor. (a request)
· Have a good time in Moscow. (a wish)
	
		3.
		Select the tupe of sentence:  "Did she like the book you gave her?"
	
	
	
	None of the above
	
	
	 Imperative
	
	
	 Declarative
	
	
	Interrogative
	
	
	Exclamatory
	Explicação:
An assertive or declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something.
· Tomorrow I will do it.
· She did not want to go to the movies with me.
An Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question.
· What do you think I should wear the pink shoes or the white sneakers?
· What happened to you yesterday?
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses sudden and strong feelings, such as surprise, wonder, pity, sympathy, happiness, or gratitude.
· I cannot wait to be a grown-up!
· We beat that other team good!
An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish.
· Do the dishes. (an order)
· Please do me this favor. (a request)
· Have a good time in Moscow. (a wish)
	
		4.
		Identify the sentence pattern in the following example:
"I can't approve of your behavior."
	
	
	
	Subject / Verb / Object
	
	
	Subject / Verb / Object / Object
	
	
	Subject / Verb / Object / Object complement
	
	
	Subject / Verb / Object / Verb
	
	
	Subject / Verb / Adjective
	
Explicação: [I] Subject [can't approve of] Verb [your behavior.] Object
	
	
	
		5.
		What type of question is it?
Laszlo: M'sieur Blaine, I wonder if I could talk to you?
Rick: Go ahead.
	
	
	
	rethorical question
	
	
	embedded question
	
	
	funelling question
	
	
	 alternative question
	
	
	probing question
	Explicação:
Embedded question is a question included in another question or statement. Embedded questions feel less abrupt, and so have a softening effect. For example, compare the following:
A: What time is it? (simple question)
B: Sorry. I don't know the time. (simple statement)
 
A: Do you know what time it is? (embedded question in a question)
B: Sorry. I don't know what time it is. (embedded question in a statement)
Embedded questions are a little more formal and polite. We use them when talking to a person we don¿t know very well, or in professional situations, and their form is a little different.
	
		6.
		Select the type of sentence:    "What a beautiful day!"
	
	
	
	 Assertiveor Declarative
	
	
	Interrogative
	
	
	 Exclamatory
	
	
	Imperative
	
	
	None of the above
	Explicação:
An assertive or declarative sentence is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something.
· Tomorrow I will do it.
· She did not want to go to the movies with me.
An Interrogative sentence is a sentence that asks a question.
· What do you think I should wear the pink shoes or the white sneakers?
· What happened to you yesterday?
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses sudden and strong feelings, such as surprise, wonder, pity, sympathy, happiness, or gratitude.
· I cannot wait to be a grown-up!
· We beat that other team good!
An imperative sentence is a sentence which gives a command, makes a request, or express a wish.
· Do the dishes. (an order)
· Please do me this favor. (a request)
· Have a good time in Moscow. (a wish)
	
	
	
		7.
		What is a sentence?
	
	
	
	declarative interrogative exclamatory
	
	
	all of the words in the subject
	
	
	they make one part less important then the other
	
	
	declarative
	
	
	a group of words that express a complete thought
	Explicação:
Definition of sentence - a set of words that is complete in itself, typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question, exclamat.
	
	
		8.
		What is an imperative sentence?
	
	
	
	a sentences that makes a statement
	
	
	one that gives a command - ends in a period
	
	
	the main word or words in the complete subject
	
	
	connecting word - such as and, but or or
	Explicação:
imperative sentence - a sentence that gives a command or gives a request to do something: ¿Sit down¿ and ¿Hand me that bowl¿ are imperative sentences.
AULA 06
		1 - Classify the sentence: Bruno went to the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and Pauline went to Cape Cod.
	
	
	
	Complex Sentence
	
	
	Compound-Complex Sentence
	
	
	Simple Sentence
	
	
	Simple ¿ compound sentence
	
	
	Compound Sentence
	Explicação:
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
a) A comma followed by a coordinating conjunction: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.)
· The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
· Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
· Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
 
b) A semicolon:
· The dog barked; the cat yowled.
 
c) A comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences are being treated as items in a series:
· The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit chewed.
	
		2.
		In which alternative there is an example of sentence fragment?
	
	
	
	Studying very hard on weekends.
	
	
	Our results were inconsistent. The program obviously contains an error. A revision of the program is required.
	
	
	Learning a new language is similar to learning to swim it takes a lot of practice.
	
	
	His family went to Australia then they immigrated to Canada.
	
	
	The teacher wanted to know which country we came from and our future goals.
	Explicação:
A SENTENCE FRAGMENT is an incomplete sentence. It usually lacks either a subject or a verb, or both, or contains only a dependent clause.
INCORRECT: Studying very hard on weekends.
CORRECT: Studying on weekends is very hard.
 INCORRECT: Because some students work part-time while taking a full load of courses.
CORRECT: Because some students work part-time while taking a full load of courses, they have very little free time.
	
	
	 
		
	
		3.
		What is the problem with the following sentence: "The lack of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage, so people have to conserve water every day, and they also have to think of new ways to reuse water, but the situation is improving."
	
	
	
	A run-on sentence
	
	
	Non-parallel structures
	
	
	A sentence fragment
	
	
	A sprawl sentence
	
	
	A choppy sentence
	Explicação:
A SPRAWL SENTENCE is a sentence made up of many clauses with excessive subordination and coordination.
INCORRECT: The lack of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage, so people have to conserve water every day, and they also have to think of new ways to reuse water, but the situation is improving.
CORRECT: The lack of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage. Although the situation is improving, people have to conserve water every day, and think of new ways to reuse water.
	 
		
	
		4.
		In which alternative there is the correct form of: "The experiment failed it had been left unobserved for too long."
	
	
	
	The experiment failed, it had been left, unobserved, for too long.
	
	
	The experiment failed, it had been left unobserved, for too long.
	
	
	The experiment failed it had been left unobserved, for too long.
	
	
	The experiment failed; it had been left unobserved, for too long.
	
	
	The experiment failed; it had been left unobserved for too long.
	Explicação:
A RUN-ON SENTENCE is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are written one after another with no punctuation (fused sentences) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice).
INCORRECT: The experiment failed, it had been left unobserved for too long. (COMMA SPLICE)
CORRECT: The experiment failed; it had been left unobserved for too long.
CORRECT: The experiment failed because it had been left unobserved for too long.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		Pauline and Bruno have a big argument every summer over where they should spend their summer vacation.
	
	
	
	Simple-Compound sentence
	
	
	Simple Sentence
	
	
	Complex Sentence
	
	
	Compound-Complex Sentence
	
	
	Compound Sentence
	Explicação:
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
· When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
· The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
· The students are studying, because they have a test tomorrow.
· After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		What is the problem with the following sentence: "There is a problem with the television however no one is available to fix it."
	
	
	
	A sentence fragment
	
	
	A rumbling sentence
	
	
	A choppy sentence
	
	
	A run-on sentence
	
	
	Non-parallel structures
	
Explicação:
A RUN-ON SENTENCE is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are written one after another with no punctuation (fused sentences) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice).
INCORRECT: His family went to Australia then they immigrated to Canada. (NO PUNCTUATION)
CORRECT: His family went to Australia; then they immigrated to Canada
 
INCORRECT: Learning a new language is similar to learning to swim it takes a lot of practice. (NO PUNCTUATION)
CORRECT: Learning a new language is similar to learning to swim since it takes a lot of practice.
CORRECT: Learning a new language is similar to learning to swim; it takes a lot of practice.
 
INCORRECT: The experiment failed, it had been left unobserved for too long. (COMMA SPLICE)
CORRECT: The experiment failed; it had been left unobserved for too long.
CORRECT: The experiment failed because it had been left unobserved for too long.
	
	
	
		7.
		In which alternative there is an example of complex-compound sentence?
	
	
	
	The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit chewed.
	
	
	We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.
	
	
	The students are studying, because they have a test tomorrow.
	
	
	Some students like to study in the mornings.
	
	
	When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
	
Explicação:
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinatorsuch as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.
· When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page.
· The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
· The students are studying, because they have a test tomorrow.
· After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
	
	
		
	
		8.
		In which alternative the sentence is correctly punctuated?
	
	
	
	A newly arrived international student faces many problems, for example, he has to cope with a new culture.
	
	
	Because the grocery store was really packed with people, there must have been a big sale.
	
	
	John is a musician, he plays the guitar for a living.
	
	
	A newly arrived international student faces many problems; for example he has to cope with a new culture.
	
	
	The grocery store was really packed with people, there must have been a big sale today.
	Explicação:
 A newly arrived international student faces many problems, (;) for example, he has to cope with a new culture.
The grocery store was really packed with people, (;) (so,) there must have been a big sale today.
A newly arrived international student faces many problems; for example(,)  he has to cope with a new culture.
John is a musician, (;) he plays the guitar for a living.
AULA 07
		1- In which sentence the parallelism is correct?
	
	
	
	a) John goes to the cafe and ate breakfast.
	
	
	d) Mr. Jones can drive a car and eating lunch.
	
	
	c) Alex can play the piano and sing songs.
	
	
	b) Marty will bring the game and plays it.
	
	
	e) Helen sits and waited for the train.
	Explicação:
a) John goes (went) to the cafe and ate breakfast. 
b) Marty will bring the game and (will) plays it.
d) Mr. Jones can drive a car and eating (can eat)  lunch.
e) Helen sits and waited (waits) for the train.
	 
		
	
		2.
		In which alternative the sentence is analyzed correctly?
	
	
	
	"All animals are equal, BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS." (George Orwell, Animal Farm) - dependent.
	
	
	"My throat felt parched and I ASKED FOR A LARGE GLASS OF BEER." (Emma Goldman, "On the Street," 1931) - independent.
	
	
	"WHO EVER HEARD OF A NAKED GHOST?" (Ambrose Bierce, "The Clothing of Ghosts," 1902) - dependent.
	
	
	 "I was more independent than any farmer in Concord, FOR I WAS NOT ANCHORED TO A HOUSE OR FARM, but could follow the bent of my genius, which is a very crooked one, every moment."(Henry David Thoreau) - dependent.
	
	
	"THE SUMMER HAS BEEN SPLENDID, but it has lasted long enough." (A.A. Milne, "A Word for Autumn," 1919) - dependent.
	Explicação:
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE - It uses coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs (with appropriate punctuation), or punctuation to combine short independent clauses into a single sentence. Coordination implies the balance of elements that are of equal semantic value in the sentence. (the coordination conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)
· The football game has been postponed. We'll have to do something else.
· The football game has been postponed (independent clause); we'll have to do something else (independent clause).  - The semicolon is used for coordination.
· The football game has been postponed (independent clause), so we'll have to do something else (independent clause). ¿ SO is the coordinating conjunction.
DEPENDENT CLAUSE - It uses subordinating conjunctions or relative pronouns to transform independent clauses (main clauses or ideas) into dependent clauses (subordinate clauses or ideas). Subordinate clauses are subordinate to (and thus hold less semantic value than) the independent clause(s) to which they are linked.
· The football game has been postponed. We will have to do something else.
· Because (subordinating conjunction) the football game has been postponed (dependent clause), we will have to do something else (independent clause)
	
	
		3.
		Indentify the dependant clause in the sentence: "Rain fell on the backs of the sheep as they grazed in the meadow. When the sheep tired of standing in the rain, they walked slowly up the lane and into the fold and tumbled and tumbled."
	
	
	
	and tumbled
	
	
	Rain fell on the backs of the sheep
	
	
	they walked slowly up the lane
	
	
	as they grazed in the meadow.
	
	
	and into the fold.
	Explicação:
"Rain fell on the backs of the sheep (INDEPENDENT ) as they grazed in the meadow (DEPENDENT) . When the sheep tired of standing in the rain,(DEPENDENT)  they walked slowly up the lane (INDEPENDENT) and into the fold and tumbled and tumbled." (INDEPENDENT) 
	
		4.
		In which sentence the parallelism is correct?
	
	
	
	It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
	
	
	In the morning he gets dressed, eats breakfast, brushes his teeth, and then kisses his mother.
	
	
	Either you must grant his request or incur his ill will.
	
	
	A time not for words, but action.
	
	
	My income is smaller than my wife.
	Explicação:
It was both a long ceremony and very tedious. = The ceremony was both long and tedious.
A time not for words, but action. = A time not for words, but for action
Either you must grant his request or incur his ill will. = You must either grant his request or incur his ill will.
My income is smaller than my wife. = My income is smaller than my wife's.
 
	
	
	 
		
	
		5.
		In which alternative the construction is parallel?
	
	
	
	My income is smaller than my wife.
	
	
	Sarah is a CEO and proud of her job.
	
	
	Mary likes hiking, swimming, and to ride a bicycle.
	
	
	They are leaving due to the weather and because they want to save money.
	
	
	Is Jim a conservative and a closet Republican?
	Explicação:
 1. Sarah is a CEO and a proudy person of her job.
2. They are leaving due to the weather and because of money saving.
3. My income is smaller than my wife's.
4. Mary likes hiking, swimming, and riding a bicycle.
	
	
		6.
		In which sentence the parallelism is correct?
	
	
	
	The French, the Italians, Spanish, and Portuguese.
	
	
	A time not for words, but action.
	
	
	In spring, summer, or in winter.
	
	
	In the morning he gets dressed, eats breakfast, brushes his teeth, and then kisses his mother goodbye.
	
	
	It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.
	Explicação:
 The French, the Italians, Spanish, and (the)  Portuguese.
In spring, summer, or in winter.
It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.- The ceremony was both long and tedious.
A time not for words, but (for) action
 
	
		7.
		Having in mind that words, phrases or clauses joined by coordinate conjunctions should have the same grammatical form, i.e., parallelism, decide which sentence below lacks parallelism.
	
	
	
	They are either at their home country or at the beach.
	
	
	I'd rather pay for my education than receive financial aid.
	
	
	He spends his summer weekends either playing tennis or at the beach.
	
	
	She likes to hike, to swim and to ride a bike.
	
	
	My dog not only likes to play fetch but also likes to chase cars.
	Explicação: A opção B, para conter formas sintaticamente paralelas, teria que ser: "He spends his summer weekends either playing tennis or lying at the beach." Depois das formas coordenadas, há a necessidade de coincidir as estruturas sintáticas.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		8.
		In which alternative the independent clause is correctly highlighted?
	
	
	
	a) As I took the men back, I heard a couple of shells fall somewhere behind us. (As I took the men back)
	
	
	d) If people always knew what was good for them and acted accordingly, this would be a very different world. (If people always knew what was good for them and acted accordingly)
	
	
	c) The point of light yellowed and grew brighter, until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong. (until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong.)
	
	
	b) If the wind tugs at your coat-tails, it only seeks a companion for its games. (it onlyseeks a companion for its games.)
	
	
	e) Overhead the sky floats like a gray and white balloon, as if it were a toy belonging to the city. (as if it were a toy belonging to the city.)
	Explicação:
independent clauses
It uses coordinating conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs (with appropriate punctuation), or punctuation to combine short independent clauses into a single sentence. Coordination implies the balance of elements that are of equal semantic value in the sentence. (the coordination conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so)
· The football game has been postponed. We'll have to do something else.
· The football game has been postponed (independent clause); we'll have to do something else (independent clause).  - The semicolon is used for coordination.
· The football game has been postponed (independent clause), so we'll have to do something else (independent clause). ¿ SO is the coordinating conjunction.
 
As I took the men back, I heard a couple of shells fall somewhere behind us. (As I took the men back)
c) The point of light yellowed and grew brighter, until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong. (until the golden rays of the morning sun came in bravely and strong.)
d) If people always knew what was good for them and acted accordingly, this would be a very different world. (If people always knew what was good for them and acted accordingly)
e) Overhead the sky floats like a gray and white balloon, as if it were a toy belonging to the city. (as if it were a toy belonging to the city.)
AULA 08
		In which alternative there is an example of correlative conjunction?
	
	
	
	Mr. Lee seemed to waste time, but he completed all the work.
	
	
	Jackson sings beautifully, yet he prefers to listen to others.
	
	
	He is neither rich nor famous.
	
	
	We didn't know if we should risk driving through the deep water, or get out and swim.
	
	
	Tony drove to the golf course and played nine holes before lunch.
	Explicação:
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs, in order to show the relationship between the ideas expressed in different parts of a sentence. For instance, in the following example, the expression either ... or is used to indicate that the ideas expressed in the two clauses represent two alternative choices of action.
· Either you should study harder, or you should take a different course.
· She led the team not only in statistics but also by virtue of her enthusiasm.
· Polonius said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
	
	
	
	
	
		2.
		In which alternative the conjunction establish a relation of consequence?
	
	
	
	They gamble, but they don't smoke.
	
	
	They do not gamble nor do they smoke.
	
	
	He gambled well last night so he smoked a cigar to celebrate.
	
	
	He is gambling with his health, for he has been smoking far too long.
	
	
	They gamble, and they smoke.
	
Explicação:
SO (consequence)
It is used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship, and is similar in meaning to the subordinating conjunction "hence¿. Both words indicate an effect or result of something (consequence). However, "hence" has a more formal tone and subordinates one idea to the other, while "so" is more casual in tone and maintains equal importance of the clauses.
· At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them.
 
Be careful of the conjunction SO. Sometimes it can connect two independent clauses along with a comma, but sometimes it can't. For instance, in this sentence
· Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.
 
where the word so means "as well" or "in addition," most careful writers would use a semicolon between the two independent clauses.
· Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family; so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.
 
	
	
	
	
	
		3.
		Choose the correct alternative: "Bill went to work, _______ he didn't punch in."
	
	
	
	For
	
	
	Or
	
	
	So
	
	
	But
	
	
	Nor
	
Explicação:
AND (addition)
 Tony drove to the golf course and played nine holes before lunch. (He drove first, played second.)
 Mildred is eighty-seven and is very fragile now.
Andrew is handsome and is still single!
Vicky saw the storm coming and ran to the basement.
Stop pouting, and I'll give you some ice cream.
Mark is brave, and Alan is humorous.
They sang and danced the night away.
BUT (opposition, contrast)
· Mr. Lee seemed to waste time, but he completed all the work.
· No one but Bert remembered to bring a notebook to class. (Everyone forgot to bring a notebook, with the exception of Bert.)
· Amanda never gets tough, but she still commands a lot of respect.
YET (exception) - The word YET functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in addition ("yet another cause of trouble" or "a simple yet noble woman"), even ("yet more expensive"), still ("he is yet a novice"), eventually ("they may yet win"), and so soon as now ("he's not here yet").
It also functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but."
· Jackson sings beautifully, yet he prefers to listen to others.
· Everyone complains about politics, yet no one does anything about it.
The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom register.
· John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.
· The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.
OR  (alternative)
1. To indicate a negative condition: We didn't know if we should risk driving through the deep water, or get out and swim.
2. To further elaborate on the first clause: English Mistakes Welcome is the best room on Paltalk, or so the regulars say.
3. To show choice or possibility: You can eat dinner early, or you can wait until midnight to eat.
4. To show a negative alternative without using an imperative (also see uses of and): Clyde must like to chat or he wouldn't keep fighting with his bad connection to stay on-line.
5. To suggest the inclusive combination of alternatives: We can take turns talking on the microphone, or we can just sit here and look at each other.
6. To suggest a restatement or correction of the first part of the sentence: Iowa is the best place in the world to live, or at least Annie tries to tell us that.
NOR (negative-contrast) -He is neither sane nor brilliant.
SO (consequence)  - At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them.
FOR (reason) - I hated listening to her talk, for she spoke in a high nasal voice.
	
	
		4.
		What is the right conjunction to complete the sentence? "Jaewon was cold,_________ he put on a coat."
	
	
	
	Nor
	
	
	And
	
	
	Or
	
	
	So
	
	
	Yet
	Explicação:
SO (consequence)
It is used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship, and is similar in meaning to the subordinating conjunction "hence¿. Both words indicate an effect or result of something (consequence). However, "hence" has a more formal tone and subordinates one idea to the other, while "so" is more casual in tone and maintains equal importance of the clauses.
· At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them.
 
Be careful of the conjunction SO. Sometimes it can connect two independent clauses along with a comma, but sometimes it can't. For instance, in this sentence
· Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family, so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.
 
where the word so means "as well" or "in addition," most careful writers would use a semicolon between the two independent clauses.
· Soto is not the only Olympic athlete in his family; so are his brother, sister, and his Uncle Chet.
 
	
	
		5.
		Choose the correct alternative: "________ Jane ________ John like to go mountain bike riding."either...or
	
	
	scarcely ... when
	
	
	not only...but also
	
	
	neither...nor
	
	
	whether...or
	Explicação:
Neither¿nor expresses "not one nor the other". Both Not
	
	
		6.
		Choose the correct alternative: "Deserts are harsh and dry, ________ many plants grow there."
	
	
	
	Or
	
	
	Nor
	
	
	So
	
	
	For
	
	
	Yet
	Explicação:
YET (exception)
The word YET functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in addition ("yet another cause of trouble" or "a simple yet noble woman"), even ("yet more expensive"), still ("he is yet a novice"), eventually ("they may yet win"), and so soon as now ("he's not here yet").
 
It also functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but."
· Jackson sings beautifully, yet he prefers to listen to others.
· Everyone complains about politics, yet no one does anything about it.
· Anna sews much better than the tailor on First St., yet she's afraid to charge for her services.
 
The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom register.
· John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.
· The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.
 
In sentences such as the second one, above, the pronoun subject of the second clause ("they," in this case) is often left out. When that happens, the comma preceding the conjunction might also disappear:
· The visitors complained loudly yet continued to play golf every day.
 
Yet is sometimes combined with other conjunctions, but or and. It would not be unusual to see and yet in sentences like the ones above. This usage is acceptable.
· The tornado chaser was scared but yet calm as he drove closer to the center of the storm.
	
	
	
	 
		
	
		7.
		Choose the correct alternative: "You need to decide ______ you want to go to the movies _____ to the park today."
	
	
	
	not only...but also
	
	
	either...or
	
	
	whether...or
	
	
	neither...nor
	
	
	scarcely ... when
	Explicação:
Whether... or = used to introduce any indirect question: he was not certain whether his friend was there or not.
	
		8.
		Choose the correct alternative: "Every day during the winter it is ________ raining ________ snowing."
	
	
	
	scarcely ... when
	
	
	whether...or
	
	
	either...or
	
	
	neither...nor
	
	
	not only...but also
	Explicação:
Either may be added to or for focus or emphasis on the items being considered (not both).
AULA 09
		In which alternative the conjunction is correctly analysed?
	
	
	
	Andrew is handsome and is still single! - ALTERNATIVE
	
	
	She refuses to admit she hates her boss, for she dislikes conflict with anyone. - EXCEPTION
	
	
	Amanda never gets tough, but she still commands a lot of respect. - ADDITION
	
	
	You can eat dinner early, or you can wait until midnight to eat. - ALTERNATIVE
	
	
	At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them. ¿ NEGATIVE-CONTRAST
	Explicação:
AND (addition)
BUT (opposition, contrast)
YET (exception)
OR  (alternative)
NOR (negative-contrast)
SO (consequence)
FOR (reason)
	
	
		2.
		In which alternative there is an example of syndetic coordination?
	
	
	
	Over the river, through the woods, beside the mountain, lies the dragon
	
	
	He came towards me and asked for information.
	
	
	He strode into the bank, asked for information.
	
	
	This play will run and run and run.
	
	
	He just talks and talks and talks
	Explicação:
Conjoins are usually coordinated using one of the coordinators and, but, or or. In the following sentence,  the bracketed conjoins are coordinated using and:
· He came towards me and asked for information.
This type of coordination, with a coordinator present, is called SYNDETIC COORDINATION.
Coordination can also occur without the presence of a coordinator, as in the following:
· He strode into the bank, asked for information.
1. coordinator is present here, but the conjoins are still coordinated. This is known as ASYNDETIC COORDINATION.
POLYSYNDETIC COORDINATION is used for effect, for instance to express continuation:
· This play will [run] and [run] and [run]
· He just [talks] and [talks] and [talks]
 
	
		3.
		In which alternative the coordinating conjunction is correctly employed?
	
	
	
	Ron dared not ride the ski lift or heights made him feel sick.
	
	
	Kulwinder's living room is cozy so her guests always gather in the kitchen.
	
	
	My first week on the job was terrible, but my boss told me so.
	
	
	The little girl pressed her nose against the icy window and giggled with delight, for she had never seen snow before.
	
	
	Meet me at home nor meet me at school.
	Explicação:
 Ron dared not ride the ski lift or (for) heights made him feel sick. = consequence
Kulwinder's living room is cozy so (but) her guests always gather in the kitchen. = opposite
Meet me at home nor (or) meet me at school. = alternative 
My first week on the job was terrible, but (and) my boss told me so. = addition 
	
		4.
		In which alternative the conjunction gives the idea of addition?
	
	
	
	I hated listening to her talk, for she spoke in a high nasal voice.
	
	
	Andrew is handsome and is still single!
	
	
	He is neither sane nor brilliant.
	
	
	English Mistakes Welcome is the best room on Paltalk, or so the regulars say.
	
	
	Everyone complains about politics, yet no one does anything about it.
	
Explicação:
AND (addition)
BUT (opposition, contrast)
YET (exception)
OR  (alternative)
NOR (negative-contrast)
SO (consequence)
FOR (reason)
 
	
		5.
		Choose the alternative that correctly completes the blanks:"Fans love to watch Anna, ________ she dances beautifully. She is a graceful dancer, ________ people enjoy watching her. She hasn't taken dance lessons, ________ does she need to. Her technique is unconventional, ________ her lines are extraordinary. She can fill an audience with joy, ________ she can bring people to tears. Other dancers try to imitate her style, ________ they have not succeeded. She is talented, ________ she will attract fans for many years to come."
	
	
	
	for - and - nor - or - yet - yet - so
	
	
	because - and - nor - but - or - yet - so
	
	
	yet - and - nor - but - but - yet - and
	
	
	so - and - but - but - or - yet - so
	
	
	for - and - nor - but - or - yet - so
	Explicação:
AND (addition)
BUT (opposition, contrast)
YET (exception)
OR  (alternative)
NOR (negative-contrast)
SO (consequence)
FOR (reason)
 
	
		6.
		In which alternative there is a coordinating clause of consequence?
	
	
	
	Jackson sings beautifully,yethe prefers to listen to others.
	
	
	At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them.
	
	
	I hated listening to her talk, for she spoke in a high nasal voice.
	
	
	English Mistakes Welcome is the best room on Paltalk, or so the regulars say.
	
	
	He is neither sane nor brilliant.
	Explicação:
AND (addition)
BUT (opposition, contrast)
YET (exception)
OR  (alternative)
NOR (negative-contrast)
SO (consequence)
FOR (reason)
	
		7.
		In which alternative there is a coordinating clause of negative-contrast?
	
	
	
	Anna sews much better than the tailor on First St., yet she¿s afraid to charge for her services.
	
	
	That is neither what I said nor what I meant.
	
	
	Mildred is eighty-sevenandis very fragile now.
	
	
	You can eat dinner early, or you can wait until midnight to eat.
	
	
	She refuses to admit she hates her boss, for she dislikes conflict with anyone.
	Explicação:
AND (addition)
BUT (opposition, contrast)
YET (exception)
OR  (alternative)
NOR (negative-contrast)
SO (consequence)
FOR (reason)
	
		8.
		In which alternative there is a coordinating clause of exception?
	
	
	
	b) Rocky terrorizes the poodles next door YET adores the German shepherd across the street.c) Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, NOR will he touch a saucer of squid eyeball stew.
	
	
	a) The bowl of squid eyeball stew is hot AND delicious.
	
	
	d) Rocky, my orange tomcat, loves having his head scratched BUT hates getting his claws trimmed.
	
	
	e) The squid eyeball stew is so thick that you can eat it with a fork OR spoon.
	Explicação:
YET (exception)
The word YET functions sometimes as an adverb and has several meanings: in addition ("yet another cause of trouble" or "a simple yet noble woman"), even ("yet more expensive"), still ("he is yet a novice"), eventually ("they may yet win"), and so soon as now ("he's not here yet").
 
It also functions as a coordinating conjunction meaning something like "nevertheless" or "but."
· Jackson sings beautifully, yet he prefers to listen to others.
· Everyone complains about politics, yet no one does anything about it.
· Anna sews much better than the tailor on First St., yet she's afraid to charge for her services.
 
The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom register.
· John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.
· The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.
 
In sentences such as the second one, above, the pronoun subject of the second clause ("they," in this case) is often left out. When that happens, the comma preceding the conjunction might also disappear:
· The visitors complained loudly yet continued to play golf every day.
 
Yet is sometimes combined with other conjunctions, but or and. It would not be unusual to see and yet in sentences like the ones above. This usage is acceptable.
· The tornado chaser was scared but yet calm as he drove closer to the center of the storm.
AULA 10
		1 In which alternative the conjunction "so" completes the sentence?
	
	
	
	Don't tell John about his birthday party ______ you'll spoil the surprise.
	
	
	Secretary to Boss: Do you want anything _______can I go home now?
	
	
	Why don't you ring Sue ______ find out what time she's coming over tonight?
	
	
	I'm going to go shopping on Sunday ___ buy some new clothes.
	
	
	I've just eaten dinner _____ I'm not hungry.
	Explicação:
SO (consequence)
It is used to join clauses in a cause and effect relationship, and is similar in meaning to the subordinating conjunction "hence¿. Both words indicate an effect or result of something (consequence). However, "hence" has a more formal tone and subordinates one idea to the other, while "so" is more casual in tone and maintains equal importance of the clauses.
· At the ticket counter, Manny discovered he had forgotten our concert tickets, so we had to miss half the show while we went home to get them.
 
	
		2.
		In which alternative is there a coordination conjunction of negative-contrast?
	
	
	
	The visitors complained loudly about the heat, yet they continued to play golf every day.
	
	
	He is neither sane nor brilliant.
	
	
	Jackson sings beautifully, yet he prefers to listen to others.
	
	
	Tony drove to the golf course and played nine holes before lunch. (He drove first, played second.)
	
	
	Mr. Lee seemed to waste time, but he completed all the work.
	Explicação:
NOR (negative-contrast)
It conveys an idea of alternative negative. It is not used nearly as often as the other conjunctions, so it might feel a bit odd when nor does come up in conversation or writing. Its most common use is as the little brother in the correlative pair, neither-nor:
· He is neither sane nor brilliant.
· That is neither what I said nor what I meant.
 
It can be used with other negative expressions:
· That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt.
 
It is possible to use nor without a preceding negative element, but it is unusual and, to an extent, rather stuffy:
· George's handshake is as good as any written contract, nor has he ever proven untrustworthy.
 
	
	
	
	
	
	
		3.
		In which alternative the conjunction is correctly analyzed?
	
	
	
	The committee felt obligated, but the chairperson did not. [contrast]
	
	
	Liz drove very carefully, for the traffic was unusually heavy. [result]
	
	
	The children should leave, or I will. [concession]
	
	
	Emily does not want to see the doctor, nor does Liz. [addition]
	
	
	Sandy left early, and Liz followed. [alternative]
	Explicação:
Sandy left early, and Liz followed. - ADDITION
The children should leave, or I will. [concession] - ALTERNATIVE
Emily does not want to see the doctor, nor does Liz. [addition] - NEGATIVE -CONTRAST
Liz drove very carefully, for the traffic was unusually heavy. [result] - REASON
		4.
		In which alternative there is a syndetic coordination sentence?
	
	
	
	d) This play will run and run and run.
	
	
	b) He strode into the bank, asked for information.
	
	
	d) He just talks and talks and talks.
	
	
	a) He came towards me and asked for information.
	
	
	c) He came, asked the question, went away.
	
		5.
		In which alternative there is an example of "simple bits of information" question?
	
	
	
	Who is the main character in Margaret Mitchell's novel, Gone With the Wind?
	
	
	What are the steps a bill goes through before it becomes a law?
	
	
	Will you please rephrase your statement?
	
	
	What do you think of this issue? Do you agree with it, and if not, why, and what other issues would you see as being relevant to this specific case?
	
	
	Tell me about your most recent holiday. What did you see while you were there? Were there any good restaurants?
	Explicação:
Simple Bits of Information
· Who was the leader of the Free French forces during W.W.II?
· Who is the main character in Margaret Mitchell's novel, Gone With the Wind?
· During which century did Shakespeare live?
· What is the Spanish verb meaning to run?
	
		6.
		What is the meaning of the highlighted phrasal verb in the sentence "He TALKED DOWN TO her."
	
	
	
	belittled
	
	
	became unfriendly with
	
	
	tolerated
	
	
	confronted
	
	
	argued with
	Explicação:
To talk down to someone = belittle,  to talk to someone as if they are less intelligent than you or not important:
I wish politicians wouldn't talk down to us as if we were idiots.
	
		
	
		7.
		In which alternative there is a prepositional phrasal verb?
	
	
	
	He doesn't get on with his wife.
	
	
	We have run out of eggs.
	
	
	I made up an excuse.
	
	
	You should think it over.
	
	
	They brought that up twice.
	Explicação:
Verb + preposition (prepositional phrasal verbs)
· She takes after her mother. ¿ after is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase after her mother.
· Sam passes for a linguist. ¿ for is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase for a linguist.
· You should stand by your friend. ¿ by is a preposition that introduces the prepositional phrase by your friend.
The object cannot be placed in the middle of the phrasal verb.
	
		8.
		In which alternative there is a problem of run-out?
	
	
	
	d) I saw her standing in the rain by the school gates. Waiting for the bus to come.
	
	
	b) I can't help you I have to be home by 4 o'clock.
	
	
	a) I was late to school again yesterday. For the third time this
	
	
	c) If you do that again.
	
	
	e) I drink coffee, and my brother drinks tea.
	Explicação:
A RUN-ON SENTENCE is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are written one after another with no punctuation (fused sentences) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice).
INCORRECT: His family went to Australia then they immigrated to Canada. (NO PUNCTUATION)
CORRECT: His family went to Australia; then they immigrated to Canada

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