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Exercícios - Fundamentos Culturais da Literatura em Língua Inglesa

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FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DA LITERAT. EM LÍNGUA INGL.
AULA 1
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	What was the importance of Roman Church in relation to the maintenace of The Anglo-Saxon King´s political power over the people?
		
	 
	The Church members blessed the kings and queens at wedding ceremonies as God¿s representatives on earth and contributed for the spreading of pagan beliefs throughout the country.
	 
	King´s authority was guaranteed by God's approval
	
	The Church helped the kings because they had the ability of unifying the country without a war.
	
	The Anglo-Saxon kings, who were once pagan, accepted the new faith in order to go to heaven when they died.
	
	The kings were interested in learning how to read and write, which was a privilege of the Church members.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:04
	
Explicação:
The Church has always played an important role in the history of mankind.
During the Anglo-Saxon Period, the relevance of the Church could easily be felt since it was said that Kings derived their authority from God and could not therefore be held responsible for their actions by any authority on earth. So the spiritual power of the Church would guarantee the authority of the Kings or not.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which best completes the following statement: Augustine was sent to Canterbury in 597 to
		
	 
	build a church
	
	visit monasteries
	 
	re-establish Christianity
	
	become a monk
	
	meet the king´s wife
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:00
	
Explicação:
There aren't many people who've had such an impact on history as St Augustine of Canterbury.
Augustine of Canterbury was the man chosen by the Pope to convert the Britons to Christianity.
The Christian faith had already been introduced in the 3rd or 4th century, but the gradual collapse of Roman rule and the invasion of the Saxons and other Germanic tribes meant it fell into abeyance in parts of the country, while others became associated with Celtic Christianity.
Augustine was commissioned in AD 595. After a couple of false starts, he arrived in Kent in AD 597 and found a base at Canterbury. From here he undertook the evangelisation of England.
The King of Kent was converted along with many of his subjects. Although Augustine then died a few years later, in 604, the foundation he had built became the basis for the next 1,500 year of Christianity in the UK.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	When did Christianity become firmly established across Britain?
		
	 
	When the Greeks were ruling the country.
	 
	In the last hundred years of Roman government.
	
	When Jesus Christ was born.
	
	In 1200 AD, when the Middle Ages were over.
	
	About a century ago.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:14
	
Explicação:
This is a very simple question and so is its answer.
All you need to know is the date when Christianity became firmly established in Britain and the appropriate answer is "In the last hundred years of Roman government."
 
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Saxon Kings helped the Church to grow, but the Church increased the power of kings as well. How did it happen?
		
	 
	Bishops supported their  kings, which made it harder for royal power to be questioned. Kings´ authority was guaranteed by ´God´s approval´.
	
	The Kings were finantially supported by the Church, since the Church was a very powerful entity at the time.
	
	The Saxon Kings were very literarte and pious men  and understood the importance of establishing Christianity in their lands.
	
	The Kings were chosen by the Church, taking into account the Christian faith of the chosen ones.
	
	Since the monks had great influence on ordinary people besides being a  very wealthy entity,  it was interesting for the Kings to accept the Christian faith and its influence.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:18
	
Explicação:
"Saxon kings helped the Church to grow, but the Church also increased the power of kings. Bishops gave kings their support, which made it harder for royal power to be questioned. Kings had ¿God¿s approval¿. The value of Church approval was all the greater because of the uncertainty of the royal succession. An eldest son did not automatically become king, as kings were chosen from among the members of the royal family, and any member who had enough soldiers might try for the throne. In addition, at a time when one king might try to conquer a neighbouring kingdom, he would probably have a son to whom he would wish to pass this enlarged kingdom when he died." (webclass)
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The development of Roman Catholicism from the early catholic Christianity church depended on many historical factors. Check below the alternative that does not represent the historical factors related to Christianity.
		
	 
	In the 7th century Islam rose as a strong religious option.
	
	The authority of Peter among the 12 apostles.
	 
	The first European universities emerged from the Middle Ages Christian Church.
	
	The alignment of Peter with the Roman Church.
	
	The decline of the Roman Empire and the influx of Germanic tribes as well as others tribes into Europe.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:22
	
Explicação:
As a matter of fact, the development of Roman Catholicism from the early catholic Christianity church depended on many historical factors, among which two factors would be considered determinant: the authority of Peter among the 12 apostles and the alignment of Peter with the Roman Church.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Around 700, why was it difficult to question royal power?
		
	 
	Because ordinary people just counted on the help of French people to try to question royal power in England.
	
	Because as most of the ordinary people did not believe in just one God, they were not seen as reliable supporters.
	
	Because the neighboring country of Scandinavia would defend royal power in England.
	
	Because, as the gentry supported the power of kings, it was very hard for the population to question the authority of the King.
	 
	Because Kings'  authority was guaranteed by God´s approval, that is to say, in order to question royal power people needed to face the Church as well.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:15
	
Explicação:
The Church was powerful in this period of time and it was asserted that the King had his place as a result of God´s approval. So if people questioned the King, they would be questioning God as well.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Think about Christianity and the Celts in Britain and choose the alternative that is wrong:
		
	 
	The Celts were driven into the west and north of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons. In the Celtic areas Christianity continued to spread, bringing paganism to an end. An interesting example of Christian influence is the number of place-names beginning or ending with llan, meaning the site of a small Celtic monastery around which a village or town grew.
	 
	The Celts were driven into the west and north of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons. In the Celtic areas Christianity continued to spread, bringing paganism to an end. An interesting example of Christian influence is the number of place-names beginning or ending with llan, meaning the site of a small Celtic monastery around which a village or town grew.
	
	The Celts were not driven into the west and north of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons. In the Celtic areas Christianity continued to spread, bringing paganism to an end. An interesting example of Christian influence is the number of place-names beginning or ending with llan, meaning the site of a small Celtic monastery around which a village or town grew.
	
	The Celts were driven into the west and north of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons. However, the Celtic areas Christianitydid not continue to spread, bringing paganism to an end. An interesting example of Christian influence is the number of place-names beginningor ending with llan, meaning the site of a small Celtic monastery around which a village or town grew.
	
	The Celts were driven into the west and north of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons. In the Celtic areas Christianity continued to spread, bringing paganism to an end. They great number of Christian place-names beginning or ending with llan, meaning the site of a small Celtic monastery around which a village or town grew, cannot be considered na example of Christian influence in Britain.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:19
	
Explicação:
Taking into account Christianity in Britain and the Celts, it is inadequate to say that "The Celts were driven into the west and north of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons. In the Celtic areas Christianity continued to spread, bringing paganism to an end. An interesting example of Christian influence is the number of place-names beginning or ending with llan, meaning the site of a small Celtic monastery around which a village or town grew."
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In the history of England as well as that of other countries, religion has always played an important role. Who was Augustine?
		
	 
	A Pope who successfully brought English rulers to the new Christian faith in England.
	
	A serf who lived in the Kingdom of Kent and who led a pious life and became a saint later on.
	 
	A monk who was sent by Pope Gregory to re-establish Christianity in England in 597.
	
	A Pope who sent a monk named Gilda to establish Christianity in England in Medieval Times.
	
	A monk who was able to spread the Christian faith among ordinary people in England.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:16:33
	
Explicação:
There aren't many people who have had such an impact on history as St Augustine of Canterbury. Augustine of Canterbury was the man chosen by the Pope to re-establish Christianity in Britain. He was very successful in doing it.
AULA 2
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Feudalism, the use of the land in return for service, began to weaken
		
	 
	gradually
	
	very quickly
	
	all of a sudden
	
	immediately
	
	in a month
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:05
	
Explicação:
Little by little, Feudalism started to weaken.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	When the king went to war, the nobles refused to fight more than forty days. The king had to pay soldiers to fight for him. At the same time, lords preferred their vassals to pay them in money rather in services. Vassals were gradually beginning to change into tenants. Feudalism, the use of the land in return for service, was beginning to weaken.
How long did it take Feudalism to disappear completely ?
		
	 
	Thirty years.
	 
	Three hundred years.
	
	Half a century.
	
	About ten years.
	
	Three years.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:00
	
Explicação:
This is a straight forward type of question and answer. It took Feudalism three hundred years to disappear completely.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the following reflect the reality of the Anglo-Saxon period?
		
	 
	The Anglo-Saxons were very well organized as a social group and led a peaceful life, growing their own crops and fishing. 
	
	Anglo-Saxon society was decidedly patriarchal, and women were supposed to obey their husbands. In case her family owned a piece of land, woman could not inherit anything. In order to survive, they needed to get married.   
	
	In Anglo-Saxon society, the concept of patriotism, leading a peaceful life,  loyalty to a cause was of great importance. They believed that they ought to defend the country and be loyal to any King.
	
	The Norman army, though small, marched from village to village, spreading the Christian faith and providing information about how to become a good Christian.
	 
	Anglo-Saxons promoted continuing revolutions against the Normans. Until 1070, every year new rebellions occurred.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:04
	
Explicação:
Anglo-Saxons promoted continuing revolutions against the Normans. Until 1070, every new year new rebellions occurred. 
The Normans brought a powerful new aristocracy to Britain, and yet preserved much that was Anglo-Saxon about their new possession.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	By the time the Normans invaded and conquered England, their civilization was far more organized than that of the Anglo-Saxons. Its foundation was the feudal system. During Feudalism...(Choose the alternative that correctly complets this sentence)
		
	 
	Women had to work hard as slaves during that time to help support their families.
	
	Large states were given by the King to the poor so that they could find a way of surviving.
	
	All the produce which came from the land had to be given to the King.
	 
	All the land was owned by the King but it was held by others, in return for goods and services.
	
	The economy grew because the landowners did not have to pay the slaves.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:16
	
Explicação:
The basic government and society in Europe during the middle ages was based around the feudal system. Small communities were formed around the local lord and the manor. The King owned the land and everything in it. The lords would keep them organized and productive. The lords would keep the peasants safe in return for their service. In return, they would provide the king with soldiers or taxes. 
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which best suits the sentence below: Feudalism refers to
		
	 
	land given to everyone freely
	
	land the king did not want anymore
	 
	land held in return for duty or service to a lord
	
	land nobody wanted
	
	land given only to the "serfs"
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:11
	
Explicação:
Feudalism was the medieval model of government predating the birth of the modern nation-state.
Feudalism discouraged trade and economic growth. The land was worked by peasant farmers called serfs, who were tied to individual plots of land and forbidden to move or change occupations without the permission of their lord. The feudal lord might claim one-third to one-half of their produce in taxes and fees, and the serfs owed him a number of days each year in which they would work the lord's fields in exchange for the right to work their own lands.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was ´homage´ during Feudalism?
		
	 
	It was some sort of tradition typical of the time in which Feudalism was being held and it was associated with the feeling of being home. Men and women felt that there was no place like home.
	 
	It was some kind of  promise which was generally made with the lord sitting on his chair and his vassal kneeling before him, his hands placed between those of his lord. It has remained part of the coronation ceremony of British kings and queens until then.
	
	The division of a feudal society followed a pyramidal pattern, which was called ´homage´.
	
	A significant mark of feudalism was the Manor. The land associated with the castle was known as Manor or homage. This was like a small estate.
	
	A characteristic of the feudal society was ´Knighthood´. A Knight took oath to fight with enemy and to protect the weak. This would happen in a ceremony called ´homage´.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:23
	
Explicação:
" Homage, in European society, solemn acts of ritual by which a person became a vassal of a lord in feudal society. Homage was essentially the acknowledgment of the bond of tenure that existed between the two. It consisted of the vassal surrendering himself to the lord, symbolized by his kneeling and giving his joined hands to the lord, who clasped them in his own, thus accepting the surrender. "
(https://www.britannica.com/topic/homage )
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was Anglo-Saxon England well-known for?
		
	 
	Anglo-Saxon England was well-known for its violence towards women.
	 
	Anglo-Saxon England became well known  for its exports of woolen goods, cheese, hunting dogs, pottery and metalgoods. It imported wine, fish, pepper, jewellery and wheel-made pottery.
	
	Anglo-Saxon England became famous for the value they gave to ascending in the social mobility scale.
	
	Anglo-Saxon England was well-known for its faith in only one God.
	
	Anglo-Saxon England was well-known for the importance they gave to women since they were responsible for providing food for the family.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:18
	
Explicação:
The most obvious characteristic of Roman Britain was its towns, which were the basis of Roman administration and civilisation. Many grew out of Celtic settlements, military camps or market centres.
Anglo-Saxon England became well known  for its exports of woolen goods, cheese, hunting dogs, pottery and metal goods. It imported wine, fish, pepper, jewellery and wheel-made pottery.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was the importance of Roman Catholic Church monks to the Anglo-Saxon world?
		
	 
	They were not only responsible for the increase of local trade, leading to human and cultural development, but also, as they were basically the only ones who could read and write, they registered important social and political facts which occurred at the time.
	
	They were just responsible for the agriculture at that time.
	
	They wrote poems which came down to us and published interesting historical books which were translated into French and German as the monks had all come from France and Germany.
	
	They eventually turned out to be kings, blessed by the Church and, as they could read and write, they could control vital trade routes which were so important for the development of the country.
	
	The monks helped the landlords to become powerful because they created a good number of laws to protect them.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:30
	
Explicação:
The monks were of great importance not only during the time they lived but also for us, nowadays. As they were the only ones who could read and write at that time, the poems we are able to read nowadays were put down into words by them. Ordinary people would create them and go to monasteries and ask the monks to write them down. If it were not for the monks , we would have been unable to get in touch with them. Besides, Monks like Bede, for instance, wrote books talking about what life was like in the Anglo Saxon World.
They were not only responsible for the increase of local trade.
AULA 3
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	The fact that the sword came from water and returned to it after Arthur´s death comes from a habit of the first Celtic communities. Which one are we talking about?
		
	 
	 The habit of throwing into water swords, shields and objects from the dead warriors.
	
	The habit of associating water with the spirit of dead warriors.
	
	The habit of offering  the Lady of the Lake valuable jewels. This was done by throwing the objects into water when the warrior died.
	
	The habit of praying to the Lady of the Lake whenever somebody died.
	
	The habit of sending the body of warriors back to the lake.  They believed they might wake up from death if their bodies were sent to the lake.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:47
	
Explicação:
 In the story of King Arthur, we can notice the importance which was given to certain traditions. One of them suggests that swords, shields and other objects which belonged to warriors were thrown into rivers, lakes or the ocean. In this case, Arthur´s sword was given to him  by the Lady of the Lake and that, when the old  king lay mortally wounded after his last battle, he ordered the faithful Sir Bedivere to go to the water and throw the sword into it. An arm rose to catch it, brandished the sword three times, and then disappeared.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was the importance of the printing press for the study of literature? It was important because...
		
	 
	Before its invention, books were written by hand and , sometimes, it would take a writer a whole year to put down into words a single copy of a book
	
	Books, which were not religious ones, were seen as products of the demon. 
	
	The writers did not show any interest in having their books published.
	
	The process of printing a book before the printing press was not only very sophisticated but also very expensive.
	
	The Church members were only interested in publishing books about saints.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:49
	
Explicação:
Five hundred years ago when the printing press was invented there was a shift from laborious manuscript making to a print technology allowing large numbers of copies of written work to be created quickly, giving greater access to information and setting the stage for a slow but importanttransformation of societal literacy.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the world like in romances of chivalry?
		
	 
	Some of the earliest examples of romances of chivalry were poetic works closely resembling the epics of Ancient Greece and Rome in both form and content. However, as time went by, the world depicted in romances of chivalry was mainly concerned with showing the need of fighting for a better social status, so a man would choose to ´love´a woman hierarchically arranged in a social group higher than his.
	 
	The world depicted in these romances is unreal, a world in which daily life is irrelevant, where action dominates reflection and exaggeration rules.
	
	It is a world in which romantic love prevails, in which men and women might  die for love. Beauty, peace, mystical study of the Bible, the importance of giving the children good education were important issues and were always portayed in romances of chivalry.
	
	Since the main character in a chivaric romance is the King of a certain country, romances of chivalry present life as it was in the courts of Medieval England. They valued faith to the ruler of a country, a mystical style of life, and much value is given to past life.
	
	Even though works of medieval romance literature were not  widely popular in Medieval Ages, some authors tried to portray the daily routine which was typical of that time. So they valued the reality of life, the good and difficult moments people needed to go through in those centuries.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:52
	
Explicação:
The romances of love, chivalry, and adventure produced in 12th-century France have analogues elsewhere, notably in what are sometimes known as the Greek romances.
The world depicted in these romances is unreal, a world in which daily life is irrelevant, where action dominates reflection and exaggeration rules.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Think about the characters and elements belonging to the stories of King Arthur. Then, match the names innumbered colum to the observation preceed by letters:
1- Lancelot ( ) the name of the legendary headquarter of Arthur's government
2- The Graal ( ) King Arthur's famous sword.
3- Caladfwick ( ) the most famous knight from the Round Table.
4- Camelot ( ) a magical pot whose theme dates from the Celtic legends.
		
	 
	2- 1 - 3 - 4
	
	3 - 4- 2- 1
	 
	4 - 3- 1 - 2
	
	1 - 2- 3- 4
	
	4- 3- 2- 1
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:04
	
Explicação:
This is a simple item. All you were supposed to do was to associate the names on the left with the rest of the sentences on the right. So:
Lancelot was the most famous knight in the Arthurian legend. The Graal was a magical pot whose theme dates from the Celtic legends. Caladfwick was King Arthur's famous sword and Camelot was the the name of the legendary headquarter of Arthur's government
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was William Caxton´s contribution mainly to English  literature? Why was it relevant?
		
	 
	He spread the alphabet we still use nowadays to nearly every country in Europe. Because it was only after his attitude that English became an important language.
	
	William Caxton was responsible for the invention of the QUILL PEN, which was the primary writingutensil in the Western World. It could be used in all sorts of parchment or vellum and it made writing easier.
	
	He translated Milton´s literary work into the English language. Because if it was not for his translation we would not have the chance of reading Milton´s famous poems.
	 
	He established the first English press at Westminster in 1476. Gutemberg´s printing press has been widely considered the most important invention of the modern era because it profoundly impacted the transmission of knowledge.
	
	William Caxton was skilled in metalworking. For a short time, he was involved in producing special mirrors that were supposedly designed to capture ´holy light´ shining from religious relics. Later on , he was able to invent the electric lamps which were very helpful in allowing readers to study literary productions even at night.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:48
	
Explicação:
Caxton´s  role as the first English printer cannot be overlooked. He established the first English press at Westminster in 1476. Gutemberg´s printing press has been widely considered the most important invention of the modern era because it profoundly impacted the transmission of knowledge.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The origin of the Holy Grail comes probably from the word gradalis
which means grail or dish. Indeed, a theme always mentioned in the
Celtic legends is the search for
		
	 
	a magic island
	
	a sword
	
	a weapon
	
	an enchanted prince
	 
	a magical pot
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:17:59
	
Explicação:
The Holy Grail is traditionally thought to be the cup that Jesus Christ drank from at the Last Supper and that Joseph of Arimathea used to collect Jesus's blood at his crucifixion. From ancient legends to contemporary movies, the Holy Grail has been an object of mystery and fascination for centuries. 
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Medieval Chivalry represented a very good well designed behaviour code in relation to moral principles and conduct. Which of the following contradicts the ideal of Medieval Chivalry?
		
	 
	According to code of chivalry, to serve the king and the people was a major issue.
	
	According to code of chivalry, a honorable knight served God and the King.
	
	According to code of chivalry, defended any lady in need.
	
	According to code of chivalry, the perfect knight fought for his good name if insulted
	 
	According to code of chivalry, a knight's word was not something to be valued, because they didn't worry about honor.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:03
	
Explicação:
According to code of chivalry, a knight's word was something to be valued, because honor was of great value to them.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was Arthur a symbol of?
		
	 
	Hope to the British people.
	
	Faith, as a magical dwarf of war.
	
	Courage, as he fought bravely against the German soldiers.
	
	Frailty, as he was a great leader.
	
	Disappointment to the ones who trusted him.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:16
	
Explicação:
The national symbol of England are things which are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of England or British culture.
The legend of King Arthur has spread throughout Western Culture to such an extent that he is a world-wide symbol of courtly chivalry, justice, and rightful kingship, so a symbol of hope to British people.
AULA 4
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Which of the characteristics below DOES NOT belong to the 16th century English men?
		
	 
	Englishmen in the 16th century were as devoutly religious as their medieval ancestors, but also threw themselves passionately into the worldliest of projects and pastimes.
	
	Englishmen in the 16th century were great respecters of authority yet violently critical of their medieval ancestors for accepting it.
	 
	Englishmen in the 16th century had a strong intellectual formation, traveling the world was a routine to them and they were essentially consumerist beings.
	
	Despite of being rather conscious of the social status, determined by birth, Englishmen in the 16th century proclaimed their human right as men to ascend in a social mobility scale.
	
	Englishmen in the 16th century were still superstitious enough to believe in witches and all kinds of sorcery.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:28
	
Explicação:
Englishmen in the 16th century did not have a strong intellectual formation, traveling the world was not  a routine to them and most people did not have enough money to become  ´consumerist beings´.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Why are Shakespeare´s history plays so interesting?
		
	 
	Because as they tell the audience historical facts which might not necessarily be of somebody´s interest , but as they are being acted on a stage they grasp the audience´s attention. It is a fascinating way of learning the reality of facts which happened at that time.
	 
	The history plays are enormously appealing. Not only do they give insight into the political processes of Medieval and Renaissance politics but they also offer a glimpse of life from the top to the very bottom of society ¿ the royal court, the nobility, tavern life, brothels, beggars, everything.
	
	Because being introduced to the reality of modern times by means of plays has always attracted the interest of  ordinary people. It was a chance they had of getting to know what was going on in other countries.
	
	Because when we have the opportunity of getting in touch with the religious approach, as it was Shakespeare´s intention, we , normally, become more interested in reading the Bible.
	
	Because it was not Shakespeare´s aim to create human characters led by warfare. His intention was to portray the reality of  seventeenth century England and to give the audience the opportunity of grasping the political and religious aspects which involved society at that time.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:30
	
Explicação:
The ´history´ plays that we normally refer to cover English history from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries and each of them is named after and focuses on the reigning monarch of the period. They are: King John, Richard II, Henry IV parts I and II, Richard III among others.
The plays dramatise five generations of Medieval power struggles and this fact certainly attracts the audience and readers. For most part they depict the Hundred Years War with France, from Henry V to Joan of Arc and the War of the Roses. They also offer a glimpse of life from the top to the very bottom of society ¿ the royal court, the nobility, tavern life, brothels, beggars, everything.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Taking into account the episode of the Puritan Revolution: Civil War, check the option that best completes the highlighted section.
________________ reorganized the parliament army, the roundheads, which was composed mainly of ___________, with the support of London bourgeoisie and aristocracy. In Cromwell¿s new organization, assuming a certain position in society is not a matter of birthright, but of merit. ____________ were stimulated to participate in committees that debated the problems. The roundheads were crucial in the final battle of Naseby, in 1645.
		
	 
	King Charles, peasants, knights
	
	Oliver Cromwell, soldiers, peasants
	
	King Charles, peasants, soldiers
	 
	Oliver Cromwell,  peasants, soldiers
	
	King Charles, soldiers, peasants
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:43
	
Explicação:
Oliver Cromwell, on the other hand, reorganized the parliament army, the roundheads, which was composed mainly of peasants, with the support of London bourgeoisie and aristocracy. In Cromwell¿s new organization, assuming a certain position in society is not a matter of birthright, but of merit. Soldiers were stimulated to participate in committees that debated the problems. The roundheads were crucial in the final battle of Naseby, in 1645.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the appropriate words to fill inthe blanks:
The .......... of Elizabeth I is often thought of as a .......... . It was a time of extravagance and luxury in which a ..........  popular culture was expressed through writers such as .......... , and explorers like Drake and Raleigh sought to expand England's territory overseas. This sense of well-being was embodied by Queen Elizabeth who liked to wear ..........  costumes and jewellery, and be entertained in style at her court.
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/elizabeth )
		
	 
	reign - Golden Age - flourishing - Shakespeare - sumptuous
	
	century - prosperous one - poor - Thomas Malory - odd
	
	aniversary celebration - majestic one - surprising - Jane Austen - simple
	
	time - disgusting one - rich - Emily Brontë - fancy
	
	life - difficult one - famous - Chaucer - beautiful -
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:37
	
Explicação:
This kind of 'fill in the blanks' type of question needs to create a coherent passage, so the choice of words one makes must be made to build it up.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How is the Elizabethan Age also called?
		
	 
	The Age of Success.
	 
	The Age of the Sea.
	
	The Age of Triumph.
	
	The Age of Troubles.
	
	The Age of Beauty.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:41
	
Explicação:
This is a straight forward type of question and answer.  The Elizabethan Age is also called the Age of the Sea because it was a time of great naval triumph in England.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which option completes the following excerpt.
Considered the first religion founded during the Protestant Reformation, the _______________ was a religion created in the middle of social and political crises in the Sacred German Empire. Still stuck on feudal structures, the Empire had a group of principalities in which the Catholic Church dominated one-third of the land.
		
	 
	Lutheranism
	
	Puritanism
	
	Calvinism
	
	Renaissance
	
	Jacobinism
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:44
	
Explicação:
Considered the first religion founded during the Protestant Reformation, the Lutheranism was a religion created in the middle of social and political crises in the Sacred German Empire. Still stuck on feudal structures, the Empire had a group of principalities in which the Catholic Church dominated one-third of the land.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was a social characteristic of England in the beginning of The Elizabethan Age?
		
	 
	The medieval baron, the knight, the serf, and the Catholic prelate were no longer the dominant types in English society.
	
	Since the country was being ruled by a woman, women were granted the right to inherit in case their fathers died.
	
	New England society fought for its Christian values which brought profound changes to the country.
	
	The agent of the national government, the wealthy barons, the Bishops and the school teachers became more important.
	
	Queen Elizabeth was at the bottom of the social pyramid and the Church representatives still played an important role in society as they helped the Queen rule the country.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:18:56
	
Explicação:
The era called the Elizabethan England was a time of many changes and developments and was also considered as the Golden Age in English history. This era was led by Queen Elizabeth I, the sixth and last ruler of Tudor.
Changes went through this period of time. The medieval baron, the knight, the serf, and the Catholic prelate were no longer the dominant types in English society.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Englishmen in the sixteenth century presented their own characteristics as any other in different centuries.
Which of the following IS NOT applicable to Englishmen in the sixteenth century?
		
	 
	They  proclaimed their human right as men to ascend in a social mobility scale.
	
	They were great respecters of authority .
	
	They were superstitious enough to believe in witches and all kinds of sorcery.
	
	Englishmen in the 16th century were devoutly religious.
	 
	In the 16th century, Englishmen were avid readers, very creative and were always looking for some sort of different activities mainly if it involved new recipes for cooking.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:00
	
Explicação:
Englishmen were not avid readers in the sixteenth century nor were they interested in new recipes for cooking.
AULA 5
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	The late eighteenth century in Europe is famous for the Revolutionary Period , mainly for the French Revolution.
Why didn't the colonies in America offer England enough support in relation to the war that was going on with France?
		
	 
	Because France offered them a good sum of money to keep themselves far away from the war.
	
	Because a terrible flu epidemic occurred all over the east coast  which prevented them from crossing the ocean to help England in the fight.
	
	Because following their religious creed, they could not be involved in any wars.
	 
	Because the colonists could see the war only as a struggle for empire on the part of England and France
	
	Because the colonists were already involved in a war against neighbouring countries.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:24
	
Explicação:
The colonists could see the war only as a struggle for empire on the part of England and France. They felt no compunction when British government was obliged to send large numbers of regular troops to wage colonial battles. Nor did they regret that the French, the ´redcoats´, rather than provincial troops, won the war.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	American Revolution had profound impact on the United States life. Choose the alternative that reveals a devastating effect of it:
		
	 
	Most Americans felt great disappointment against the ones who were ruling the country.
	
	Civil War
	
	A collapse in the economy.
	
	A feeling of faith in communism.
	 
	It gave a whole new dimension to ideas of liberty and equality.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:27
	
Explicação:
Liberty and equality are positive aspects which ought to be taken into account in any society. Living a life without them must be a very hard task.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What did the American and the French Revolution have in common?
		
	 
	Both revolutions took place in America.
	
	The ones involved in the revolutions spoke the same language.
	
	Both revolutions were based on religious reasons.
	 
	Both  fought against tyrannical oppresion.                                                                                                                                                     
	
	Both of them were led by people who were fascinated by Hitler's ideals.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:21
	
Explicação:
The American and the French revolutions were fought several years and an ocean apart. However, they bear enough similarities, for instance: both revolutions occurred in the late eighteeenth  century, both subverted an existing monarchical government, both  fought against tyrannical oppresion.  Both created good conditions for constitutionalism and deep patriotism.                                                                                                                                                            
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	In the process of Independence, what did the colonists fear to lose?
		
	 
	land
	
	power
	 
	freedom
	
	money
	
	hope
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:23
	
Explicação:
The colonists in the United States were mainly concerned with losing their freedom. It was not a matter of money, land, power or hope. Their main goal in fighting for their independence from England was to be free.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	During the American Revolution, liberty, equality, private property and representative government began to make sense to European observers. These ideas were based on men using
		
	 
	forceimagination
	
	violence
	 
	reason
	
	experience
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:34
	
Explicação:
Liberty, equality, private property and representative government are important to Capitalism and they all come as a result of reasonable attitudes taken by the rulers of a country.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the following statements can be regarded as a consequence of the American Civil War?
		
	 
	It turned the economy into one based on agriculture.
	
	It built up a nation based on prejudice.
	
	It changed the English language.
	
	It motivated young people to study.
	 
	It preserved the union.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:20:11
	
Explicação:
The Civil War confirmed the single political entity of the United States, led to freedom for more than four million enslaved Americans, established a more powerful and centralized federal government, and laid the foundation for America's emergence as a world power in the 20th century. In this way, it preserved the union.
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option that best completes the excerpt below:
Considered the father of liberal thought, _____________ started questioning the legitimacy of the divine right given to kings. Locke was favorable to the establishment of political practices that were not against the world¿s natural laws. According to his view, a power that could not guarantee the right to property and the protection of human life could not be legitimate.
		
	 
	John Locke
	
	Robert Lee
	
	George Washington
	
	Thomas Jefferson
	
	Abraham Lincoln
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:53
	
Explicação:
Considered the father of liberal thought, John Locke started questioning the legitimacy of the divine right given to kings. Locke was favorable to the establishment of political practices that were not against the world¿s natural laws. According to his view, a power that could not guarantee the right to property and the protection of human life could not be legitimate.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	When did the USA become a free country?
		
	 
	On July 7, 1976.
	
	On Dec 25, 1500.
	
	On Sept 7, 1812.
	 
	On July 4, 1776.
	
	On April 1, 1215.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:19:56
	
Explicação:
This is a very straight forward type of question and answer. All the students needs to know is to recognise a certain date.
AULA 6
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	What does "Civil Disobedience" portray ?
		
	 
	Civil Disobedience is a famous short-story, by Edgar Allan Poe, which portrays  the importance of laws in a man´s life.
	
	It portrays the love story between a white man and an indian woman.
	 
	It portrays the Mexican-American war as an evil comparable to slavery.
	
	It portrays the relationship between a slave who disobeys the orders of his ´master´ and the consequences of it.
	
	Civil Disobedience is the name of a famous painting by Thoreau which portrays life as it was in the United States in the nineteenth century.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:33
	
Explicação:
Civil disobedience was indeed written by Thoreau and it  portrays the Mexican-American war as an evil comparable to slavery.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What did the author of `Civil Disobedience¿ defend?
		
	 
	That imprisonment was the only option the State had to control the population.
	
	That since men were born to obey, they did not have any other option.
	
	That it was the duty of a man to obey the State.
	 
	That the State should never rank above the individual conscience or the business of living.
	
	That disobedience should be severely punished.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:26
	
Explicação:
"The term `civil disobedience¿ was coined by Henry David Thoreau in his 1848 essay to describe his refusal to pay the state poll tax implemented by the American government to prosecute a war in Mexico and to enforce the Fugitive Slave Law. In his essay, Thoreau observes that only a very few people ¿ heroes, martyrs, patriots, reformers in the best sense ¿ serve their society with their consciences, and so necessarily resist society for the most part, and are commonly treated by it as enemies. He stated that  the State should never rank above the individual conscience or the business of living.
Thoreau, for his part, spent time in jail for his protest. Many after him have proudly identified their protests as acts of civil disobedience and have been treated by their societies ¿ sometimes temporarily, sometimes indefinitely ¿ as its enemies."  ( https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/civil-disobedience/#toc )
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option that best completes the excerpt below.
The _____________ has its roots in the Romanticism, which came from ____________ and quickly spread throughout the world. It landed in the United States around 1820. Romanticism was permeated by the ___________________ dimension of nature and by the relevance of mind and spirit of the individual.
		
	 
	Functionalism, Germany, aesthetic and spiritual
	 
	Transcendentalism, Germany, aesthetic and spiritual
	
	Transcendentalism, Germany, individual
	
	Functionalism, Italian, aesthetic and spiritual
	
	Transcendentalism, Italian, aesthetic and spiritual
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:40
	
Explicação:
The Transcendentalism has its roots in the Romanticism, which came from Germany and quickly spread throughout the world. It landed in the United States around 1820. Romanticism was permeated by the aesthetic and spiritual dimension of nature and by the relevance of mind and spirit of the individual.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The following are characteristics of American Romanticism, except:
		
	 
	Romantic writers exalted the imagination.
	 
	Romantic writers defended traditional ways of expressing love , typical of Medieval Times.
	
	Romantic writers preferred freedom to formalism.
	
	Romantic writers gave more importance to individualism instead of authority.
	
	Romantic writers were concerned about the innate or intuitive perception of the heart of man.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:33
	
Explicação:
In reaction against the neoclassical spirit, the romantic writers preferred freedom to formalism and gave more importance to individualism instead of authority. They exalted the imagination and the innate or intuitive perception of the heart of man. (webclass)
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was the difference between Romanticism and Transcendentalism?
		
	 
	Romanticism refers to soft music, candlelit dinners and Transcendentalism does not.
	
	Romanticism was mainly expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson while Edgar Allan Poe was the most famous transcendental writer.
	 
	Romanticism doesn¿t heavily emphasize the power of God as the center of the universe while the Transcendentalism strongly believes in God, divination, and the truth of miracles.
	
	Romanticism draws inspiration beyond reasoning while Transcendentalism focus on the importance of emotions.
	
	Romanticism focus on the importance of having to love somebody in order to be happy while Transcendentalism defends the point of view that it is easier to live the life medieval people did.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:36
	
Explicação:
"Although the two had surface similarities, such as their reverence for nature, their founding beliefs were quite different, enough to make one seem almost the antithesis of the other.
1st Difference:
The view of God and God¿s role in the lives of people. 
Transcendentalism was based largely on the idea that God is an internal force and that, as His creations, every person and everything has within it a divine spark or an ¿inner light.¿ The ultimate goal of the human experience, therefore, was to connect to that inner light, and therefore to the so-called ¿Over-Soul¿¿that part of God which unifies all living things." ( https://prezi.com/ontpyrnuacfb/romanticism-vs-transcendentalism/)Romanticism, on the other hand, doesn´t heavily emphasize the power of God as the center of the universe.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How did Americans feel by the time the United States had fought and won its second war with England in 1812 ?
		
	 
	American´s colony in North America  sought more autonomy within the French Empire as the war began and, at the end of it, they felt proud of themselves for having won the war.
	
	Americans felt  discouraged that after having been able to win the war, they still did not have enough money to lead a good life.
	
	Americans decided that it was the right time to be powerful and rich.
	 
	Americans were very proud of their military and political accomplishments.
	
	Americans felt they had accomplished all they needed  in order to be well known for their intelligence and creativity as world leaders.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:47
	
Explicação:
" By the time that the United States had fought and won its second war with England in 1812, Americans were very proud of their military and political accomplishments " (webclass)
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What did Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe seek ?
		
	 
	They sought notoriety and prosperity by means of their literary production.
	
	They sought  fame and wealth.
	 
	They sought the reality of man in the hidden recesses of the mind and the spirit.
	
	They sought a literary production which might interest the reader in religious poems.
	
	They believed the reason for their literary production must be sought in the social complexities of life.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:50
	
Explicação:
Both Hawthorne and Poe explore in their writings the mystical and melancholy aspects of American´s Puritan thought. They sought the reality of man in the hidden recesses of the mind and the spirit.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What were the origins of Romanticism in the American literature tradition?
		
	 
	The publication of The Sketch Book by Washington Irving in 1820 represented a great achievement to American authors.
	
	Americans were very proud of their military and political accomplishments.
	 
	American medieval tales and traditions constitute an inexhaustible source of themes and ancient historical facts that fed the imagination of authors.
	
	In 1820 United States had fought and won its second war with England in 1812,
	
	In consequence, there was an increased demand for independence in cultural and intellectual affairs. Authors were very dissatisfied with the fact that no independent literary tradition existed.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:21:52
	
Explicação:
One can say that American medieval tales and traditions constitute an inexhaustible source of themes and ancient historical facts that fed the imagination of authors. They may even be regarded as a very rich period of time for literature.
AULA 7
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	The 1920 's has changed America in many ways: Mark the only option which is not right.
		
	 
	Movie stars and athletes were hired to persuade Americans to buy products like coffee or even tobacco.
	
	Ford introduced a $5 minimum wage and cut the hours down from nine to eight hour a work day for his employees.
	
	Automotive companies employed 1 out of every twelve men in America
	
	Tabloid papers were created
	 
	There was an expansion to the south
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:26
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that has no connection with the Great Depression?
		
	 
	Industry and banks grew as never before taking advantage of the poverty, despair, lack of consumer spending causing additional businesses to cut back wages or, more drastically, to lay off some of their workers.
	
	Seeing a few banks close caused another panic across the country. Afraid they would lose their own savings, people rushed to banks that were still open to withdraw their money. This massive withdrawal of cash caused additional banks to close.
	
	The Stock Market Crash was just the beginning. Since many banks had also invested large portions of their clients' savings in the stock market, these banks were forced to close when the stock market crashed.
	
	Businesses and industry were also affected. Having lost much of their own capital in either the Stock Market Crash or the bank closures, many businesses started cutting back their workers' hours or wages. In turn, consumers began to curb their spending, refraining from purchasing such things as luxury goods.
	
	After nearly a decade of optimism and prosperity, the United States was thrown into despair on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:19
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which one of the alternatives below is WRONG in relation to US increasing power in the international scenario
		
	 
	Europe searched for America as its natural leader and supreme guider to a glorious future
	
	The Spanish-American War revealed that industrialization in the late 19th century had made the US a great power. Now, as the frontier in the American West disappeared,
	
	The emergence of the US onto the international stage as a power also symbolized to many that the US had finally emerged, whole and healthy, from the era of the Civil War.
	
	The nation sought new room to grow: world¿s markets, protected by a worldwide Navy based on island territories throughout the world.
	
	The Spanish-American War and the colonies it brought to the US marked, for good and for ill, the beginning of the modern era of US intervention in world affairs.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:29
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What made the US a great power at the end of the nineteenth century?
		
	 
	The French Revolution against slavery.
	 
	The rapid industrialization and economic growth of the previous decades were responsible for making the US a great power.
	
	The Secretary of State John Hay was responsible for that.
	
	The Spanish-American war.
	
	The war against Philippines.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:41
	
Explicação:
Economic expansion was crucial in US´s rise to world-power status. Towards the end of the 19th century, the US became the largest economy on earth. The rapid industrialization and economic growth of the previous decades were responsible for making the US a great power.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What big difference occurred in American magazines in the 1920s?
		
	 
	They had a worse printing than they used to before the Great Depression.
	
	The magazines tried to avoid consumerism and encouraged people to save for the future.
	
	They became very expensive so only well-off people could buy them.
	
	They were supported by groups of women who invested their money in the magazines as a way of fighting for their rights.
	 
	They had an appeal to consumerism.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:43
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What was the major effect of the Great Depression in the U.S.A.?
		
	 
	The government intervened into new areas of social and economic affairs and created more social assistance agencies at a national level.
	
	The wealthy people became richer and the poor ones poorer.
	
	American people started leaving the country in search of a better life.
	
	People were able to find new jobs in California and their problems were over.
	
	The American currency tripled its value.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:46
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Why were ´yellow journalists´ interested in the Spanish-American war?
		
	 
	Because even though it was important to shape public opinion regarding wars, it might bring social difficulties as far as families are concerned because soldiers might die during the war.
	
	Because if a good number of Spanish people decided to emigrate to the US , it might be profitable for the journalists.Because Spanish people usually bought American newspaper and they were afraid the war might bring difficulties to business.
	
	Becuase two yellow journalists were married to Spanish women and they did not want the war to bring any problems to them.
	 
	 ´Yellow journalists´ tried to instigate the Spanish- American war because they knew war would help sell more newspapers.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:48
	
Explicação:
Even though Yellow Journalism is sometimes given too much credit for the United State¿s involvement in the Spanish-American War,  the  main impact that ¿yellow journalism¿ had on the Spanish American War was to push the United States towards getting involved in that war. William Randolph Hearst is famous for having used his newspapers to push for American involvement in the war because it might help sell more newspapers.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	After World War I, what were advertisements in American newspapers and magazines interested in promoting?
		
	 
	New Subscriptions for magazines and newspapers.
	
	American Culture.
	
	Oppression.
	
	Higher standards at schools.
	 
	Consumerism.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:22:50
	
Explicação:
 " By the "Roaring '20s," the consumer economy that started around the turn of the century was flourishing, and a mass market was in the making. By 1925, nearly 40% of the U.S. workforce earned $2,000 or more a year, and the six-day workweek was reduced to five. People had free time and could take vacations. There was money to spend and advertisements, appearing in newspapers and magazines, described what to buy, why and where. So promoting consumerism was a good idea."
(http://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/history-1920s/98699/)
AULA 8
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Studying the relation between USA and World War II it is incorrect to say that:
		
	 
	The war effort had shifted industrial production to military ends and recruited women to replace factory workers fighting overseas. When those workers came home, many women found returning to domesticity only temporarily acceptable.
	
	After World War II, the United States emerged as the strongest world power and assumed the role of speaking on behalf of liberal democratic ideals
	
	In the aftermath of the economic and cultural reorganizations of World War II, American society became fascinated by cultural homogeneity and political unity.
	 
	USA came back to the closed and isolated way of living they had lad since colonial priod since the war had revealed a bloody and sad experience
	
	Having fought until Germany and Japan had unconditionally surrendered, the triumphant Allies ¿ USA inclusive - attended to their war-ravaged economic infrastructures, but only the United States had the wherewithal to build on its success in the conflict.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:02
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The 2nd World War effort had shifted industrial production to military ends and recruited women
		
	 
	to replace factory workers fighting overseas
	
	to stay at home
	
	to be movie stars
	
	to be useful housewives
	
	to help society buying as much as they could
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:05
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Who wrote A rumour of war?
		
	 
	Edgar Allan Poe.
	 
	Philip Caputo.
	
	Michael Herr.
	
	Stephen Crane.
	
	Philip Melling.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:16
	
Explicação:
This is a straight forward type of question and answer and all the student needs to do is to associate the name of the book to its author.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Read the following items and choose the one which DOES NOT FIT in the appropriate answer to the following question: Why were the US in Vietnam?
		
	 
	To protect a pro-western country from armed totalitarian attack.
	
	To fulfill American treaty obligations (including bilateral agreements with South Vietnam and the terms of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) pact).
	
	Time asserted that the United States was morally right to intervene in the war because it was necessary to contain the expansion of the Sino-Soviet bloc.
	
	 To defend American national honor and credibility.
	 
	For religious reasons since it was necessary to find a way to turn Vietnam into a Catholic one.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:09
	
Explicação:
 The Vietnam war against the US had nothing to do with the  religious faith.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Why was it so difficult for the African Americans to accept the reality they had to face when they came home from World War II?
		
	 
	Because even though society showed no prejudice against them, they had difficulty in feeling at home in their own country.
	
	Because even though they were earning much better than they used to before the war, they still wanted to rule the country.
	
	Because their children had difficulty in accepting them as their fathers had spent four years out of the country.
	 
	Because during the war they felt fully integrated in the army and when they came back home they were regarded as second-class citizens.
	
	Because as many of them had been killed during the war, the ones who survived felt restless.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:11
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Read the passage below and choose which group of words fits appropriately so as to provide the correct meaning for the text.
 In the aftermath of the economic and cultural reorganizations of World War II, American society became fascinated by cultural ........   and political ......... The war effort had shifted industrial production to military ends and recruited ........  to replace ........  workers fighting .......... . When those workers came home, many women found returning to domesticity only temporarily acceptable. (webclass )
		
	 
	diversity - representatives - foreigners - their - insiders
	
	abroad - domestic - teenagers - industry - bravely
	
	differences - problems - children - important - outside
	
	production - challenges - men - school - home
	 
	homogeneity - unity - women - factories - overseas
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:22
	
Explicação:
 This kind of ´fill in the blanks ´type of question is not hard. All the student needs to find out is which word should go into each blank.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which literary model do the writings on the Vietnam War base themselves on?
		
	 
	Romanticism.
	
	Naturalism.
	
	Postmodernism.
	
	Modernism.
	 
	Realism.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:15
	
Explicação:
Realism is the literary model  the writings on the Vietnam War base themselves on. Maybe for this reason it attracts so many readers.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What concern did writers, influenced by Hemingway, have in the 1950s?
		
	 
	To picture the effects of World War I on different people.
	
	To value love relationships.
	 
	To write in such a way that their works could speak to any reader.
	
	To show the importance of religious faith in the building of a nation.
	
	To give value to family life and to living in the woods.
AULA 9
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	The American Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s involved the use of nonviolence to assure equal rights for all citizens. Who was a famous Civil Rights defender?
		
	 
	Martin Luther King
	
	Poe
	
	Berkeley
	
	Barbara Garson
	
	Emerson
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:49
	
Explicação:
" Martin Luther King, Jr. was one of the twentieth century¿s best-known advocates for nonviolent social change.
Born in Atlanta, Georgia, King¿s exceptional oratorical skills and personal courage first attracted national attention in 1955, when he and other civil rights activists were arrested after leading a boycott of a Montgomery, Alabama, transportation company which required nonwhites to surrender their seats to whites, and stand or sit at the back of the bus. Over the following decade, King wrote, spoke andorganized nonviolent protests and mass demonstrations to draw attention to racial discrimination and to demand civil rights legislation to protect the rights of African-Americans." 
( http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/voices-for-human-rights/champions/martin-luther-king-jr.html )
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What is the term ´New-Left´associated with? 
		
	 
	Left-wing movements which occurred in the U.S. in the 60s and 70s and which adopted social activism.
	
	Left-handed people who fought for equal rights like the right-handed had.
	
	The development of social justice organizations in Canada.
	
	British College Campus who fought against American growth in politics.
	
	Women who wanted abortion to be accepted all over the U.S.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:52
	
Explicação:
 
New left  " was a political movement originating especially among students in the 1960s and 1970s, favoring confrontational tactics, often breaking with older leftist ideologies, and concerned especially with antiwar, antinuclear, feminist, and ecological issues."
( www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/New%20Left )
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which song brought as many as 100,000 young people from all over the world to celebrate `Summer of Love.´ ?
		
	 
	San Francisco.
	
	Love is the answer.
	
	Your song.
	
	Fortunate love.
	
	Love is a many splendored thing.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:46
	
Explicação:
 In 1967 Scott McKenzie's rendition of the song San Francisco  brought as many as 100,000 young people from all over the world to celebrate San Francisco´s `Summer of Love.´  (webclass)
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that CORRECTLY answers the following question What were the effects of the Great Depression over American society?
		
	 
	Government intervened into new areas of social and economic affairs and more social assistance agencies were created at the national level. The relationship between the national government and the people changed drastically. The government took on a greater role in the everyday social and economic lives of the people.
	
	Army intervened into new areas of social and economic affairs and more military agencies were created at the national level. The relationship between the national government and the people changed drastically. The government took on a greater role in the everyday social and economic lives of the people.
	
	Government intervened into new areas of family affairs and more social assistance agencies were created at the national level. The relationship between the national government and the people never changed drastically. The government did not take on a greater role in the everyday social and economic lives of the people.
	
	Private sector intervened into new areas of social and economic affairs and more social assistance agencies were created at the national level. The relationship between the national government and the people changed drastically. The government took on a greater role in the everyday social and economic lives of the people.
	
	Government intervened into new areas of artistic affairs and more social cultural agencies were not created at the national level. The relationship between the national government and the people changed drastically. The government took on a greater role in the everyday social and economic lives of the people.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:23:48
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The New Left is a term used in different countries to describe left-wing movements that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s. They differed from earlier leftist movements that had been more oriented towards labor activism, and instead adopted 
		
	 
	radical economical reductions
	
	exclusion policies
	
	moralistic oriented policies
	
	upper classes policies
	 
	social activism.    
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:24:06
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which song brought as many as 100,000 young people from all over the world to celebrate `Summer of Love´ ?
		
	 
	San Francisco.
	
	Los Angeles.
	
	Washington.
	
	New York.
	
	Miami.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:24:09
	
Explicação:
 " In 1967 Scott McKenzie's rendition of the song ´San Francisco´, famous for the unforgettable ´Be sure to wear flowers in your hair´  brought as many as 100,000 young people from all over the world to celebrate San Francisco's `Summer of Love.´ " (webclass)
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Which of the following groups came to impact the counterculture movement?
		
	 
	The Church leaders.
	
	The gypsies.
	 
	The Beatles.
	
	The Republicans in America.
	
	The Asian women.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:24:11
	
Explicação:
" New cultural forms emerged, including the pop music of the British band The Beatles and the concurrent rise of hippie culture, which led to the rapid evolution of a youth subculture that emphasized change and experimentation. In addition to the Beatles, many songwriters, singers and musical groups from the United Kingdom and America came to impact the counterculture movement. " (webaula)
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	The 2nd World War effort had shifted industrial production to military ends and recruited women
		
	 
	to be movie stars
	
	to stay at home
	
	to help society buying as much as they could
	 
	to replace factory workers fighting overseas
	
	to be useful housewives
AULA 10
	1a Questão
	
	
	
	Choose the option which best suits the statements below. After the attack on Iraq began, intolerance______.
		
	 
	became invisible
	
	decreased
	
	disappeared
	 
	increased
	
	vanished
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:24:48
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	We can notice, in American society, differences in behaviour after September 11th, 2001.
Which of the following is an example of changes which occurred after September 11th, 2001?
		
	 
	Foreign students who apply for American Universities need to go through massive investigation before being accepted.
	
	More freedom for young people.
	 
	Less tolerance among Americans for dissenting views concerning the foreign policy.
	
	In all American schools, students are taught how to shoot.
	
	Foreigners who come from Asia are not allowed to visit the US anymore.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:24:44
	
Explicação:
´There is less tolerance among Americans for dissenting views concerning the foreign policy. We hear some Americans calling others anti−American¿oranti-American¿orunpatriotic,¿ because they have expressed critical remarks about the Administration's actions-especially the threats to attack Iraq. After the attack on Iraq began, intolerance increased.´(webclass)
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Hijackers crashed passenger planes into the Pentagon and the World Trade Center towers in New York, toppling the 110-story twin towers, killing all aboard the jets and more than 3,000 people on the ground. The previous sentence refers to
		
	 
	The Spanish War
	
	The Independence Battles
	
	World War II
	 
	The deadliest terrorist attack on American soil
	
	World War I
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:24:55
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What do the events of September 11, 2001 teach us about history? Which alternative does not answer the previous question:
		
	 
	No fact occured in the present, such as September 11, 2001, can be explained by history.
	
	History does not have the power to solve conflicts.
	
	Expecting the unexpected and remembering that nothing is inevitable
	
	History can help us understand why antagonisms are so deeply rooted.
	
	Most acts of aggression and fanaticism in the contemporary world are rooted in a sense of historical grievance.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:24:49
	
Explicação:
History may indeed bring light to facts which happen in our daily lives.
Even though no one can predict the outcomeof events, History can explain why they happen.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What did the counterculture of the 1960s refer to?
		
	 
	To a religious movement which was developed in the United States as a result of the Vietnam War.
	 
	To a cultural event that was developed mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom and spread throughout much of the western world between 1960 and 1973.
	
	To an event which was developed by a British political party which defended military intervention in Vietnam in the 1960s.
	
	To a philosophical movement that took place in France, Italy and the United States and spread to China in the 1960s.
	
	To a cultural event which involved the black movement in the United States and South Africa and spread throughout Central and South Americas.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:25:01
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the option which best completes the following paragraph.
The election of Obama represents the ........ of American democracy, in a society deeply characterized by slavery and ........... He recruited to his candidacy voters of all stripes: black, white, ......... , southerners and northerners, educated and non-educated, the politically .........  and those who had previously stayed on the sidelines, which means that Americans placed their ........ in Obama and turned their backs to the past. (webclass)
		
	 
	ideals  -  richness  -  the old people  -  correct  -  debt
 
	
	side  -  negroes  -  Canadians  -  chosen  -  money
	
	preference -  robbery  - English  -  respected  -  love
	
	style  -  poverty -  young  -  voted  -  optimism
	 
	merits  -  prejudice  -  Hispanic  -  engaged  -  faith
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:25:03
	
Explicação:
The aim of this type of question is to make students grasp the correct meaning of a passage by choosing the appropriate words.
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	It is very hard to foretell what is going to happen in the future. The  American people,  on September 10th, 2001, could not predict the shocking attacks of the following day.
 The following were also unpredictable events, except.
		
	 
	That the first test tube baby would live a normal life like any other child.
	
	That the allies would win World War II against Germany.
	
	That the outbreak of world war in 1914 would result in the collapse of five empires or the Communist Revolution in Russia.
	 
	The eclipse of the moon on July 27th, 2018.
	
	The final result of The World Cup in 2018, which took place in Russia.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:25:06
	
Explicação:
Predictablle phenomena on Earth, including seasons and eclipses, are caused by the relative position of the sun, Earth and the moon.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What happened after two planes crashed into the  World Trade Center, in New York, on September 11, 2001 ?
		
	 
	 A third plane crashed into the Pentagon which was completely destroyed.
	
	 More than two hundred ambulances went to what once was the World Trade Center , but were not able to save the lives of any of the victims.
	
	The criminals ran away from New York to Los Angeles.
	 
	Hundreds of rescue personnel rushed to the scene.
	
	A third plane crashed into The White House.
	Respondido em 18/03/2020 16:25:08
	
Explicação:
So after the plane crashes, hundreds of rescue personnel rushed to the scene.
	1a Questão (Ref.:201702041629)
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	Some historians believe that it is possible to talk about the development and spread of distinctive religious traditions in England. What was the basic difference between the interest of the Celtic Church and that of the Roman one in England?
		
	
	The two Churches seemed to get along well, until they reached a crisis as they disagreed over the date of Christmas. For the Roman Church it was more interesting to keep it on December 25th, while the Celtic one wanted to change the date of Christmas to January 15th. In both cases there were political interests involved.
	
	The Roman Church was more spiritual, friendlier to women, more connected with nature and wanted things to be like that. The Celtic one, on the other hand, was much interested in keeping authority to iself and men were the only ones who could rule with their help.
	
	The bishops from the Celtic Church lived at the courts with the kings and wanted to keep it that way so as to be able to maintain their privileges while the bishops of the Roman Church were more committed with their spiritual power over ordinary people.
	 
	The Celtic Church was interested in the ordinary people while the Roman Church was interested in authority and organization.
	 
	Some bishops of the Roman Church denied the authority of the Pope and were interested in spreading reading and writing while the Celtic Church wanted to keep this knowledge to itself.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 20:49:50
	
	
	Gabarito
Coment.
	
	
	
	
	2a Questão (Ref.:201704263580)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	Which of the following reflect the reality of the Anglo-Saxon period?
		
	
	Anglo-Saxon society was decidedly patriarchal, and women were supposed to obey their husbands. In case her family owned a piece of land, woman could not inherit anything. In order to survive, they needed to get married.   
	 
	Anglo-Saxons promoted continuing revolutions against the Normans. Until 1070, every year new rebellions occurred.
	
	The Norman army, though small, marched from village to village, spreading the Christian faith and providing information about how to become a good Christian.
	
	In Anglo-Saxon society, the concept of patriotism, leading a peaceful life,  loyalty to a cause was of great importance. They believed that they ought to defend the country and be loyal to any King.
	
	The Anglo-Saxons were very well organized as a social group and led a peaceful life, growing their own crops and fishing. 
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 20:25:05
	
	
	
	3a Questão (Ref.:201704263773)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	In the legend of King Arthur, why was he taken to the island of Avalon?
		
	
	To meet his family members.
	
	To have a love affair with the Lady of the Lake.
	 
	To heal his wounds.
	
	To meet a magician who could save him.
	
	To be treated by a doctor.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 20:48:16
	
	
	
	4a Questão (Ref.:201704249855)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	Which option completes the following excerpt.
Considered the first religion founded during the Protestant Reformation, the _______________ was a religion created in the middle of social and political crises in the Sacred German Empire. Still stuck on feudal structures, the Empire had a group of principalities in which the Catholic Church dominated one-third of the land.
		
	
	Renaissance
	
	Puritanism
	
	Jacobinism
	 
	Lutheranism
	
	Calvinism
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 20:26:08
	
	
	
	5a Questão (Ref.:201704263845)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	The late eighteenth century in Europe is famous for the Revolutionary Period , mainly for the French Revolution.
Why didn't the colonies in America offer England enough support in relation to the war that was going on with France?
		
	 
	Because the colonists could see the war only as a struggle for empire on the part of England and France
	
	Because following their religious creed, they could not be involved in any wars.
	
	Because a terrible flu epidemic occurred all over the east coast  which prevented them from crossing the ocean to help England in the fight.
	
	Because France offered them a good sum of money to keep themselves far away from the war.
	
	Because the colonists were already involved in a war against neighbouring countries.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 20:28:07
	
	
	
	6a Questão (Ref.:201704185624)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	Who wrote `Civil  Disobedience´?
		
	 
	Thoreau.
	
	Parker.
	
	Lock.
	
	Emerson.
	
	Poe.
	Respondido em 15/04/2020 20:45:37
	
	
	
	7a Questão (Ref.:201701435371)
	Acerto:

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