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SEMINÁRIOS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA DISCURSO LITERÁRIO

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Prévia do material em texto

1.
		Choose the most appropriate option which completes the following sentence: We can say that a text is composed of 
	
	
	
	the relationship between grammar and words
	
	
	the relationship between correct sounds and words
	
	
	the relationship between reality and the way the author acts upon it
		2.
		One can certainly affirm that the more ________________ a reader gets, the more pleasure and enjoyment he/she is able to derive from a literary piece.
	
	
	
	experienced
		3.
		Read the following text by Stephen Colbert: ´Tomorrow you're all going to wake up in a brave new world, a world where the Constitution gets trampled by an army of terrorist clones, created in a stem-cell research lab run by homosexual doctors who sterilize their instruments over burning American flags. Where tax-and-spend Democrats take all your hard-earned money and use it to buy electric cars for National Public Radio, and teach evolution to illegal immigrants. Oh, and everybody's high! If this is going to be a Christian nation that doesn't help the poor, either we have to pretend that Jesus was just as selfish as we are, or we've got to acknowledge that He commanded us to love the poor and serve the needy without condition and then admit that we just don't want to do it.´ (source: http://examples.yourdictionary.com) - In terms of function, this text intends to ..... 
	
	
	
	praise
	
	
	persuade
	
	
	satirize
		4.
		Choose the option that best completes the statement:"The word text originally comes from Greek and it means _____________
	
	
	
	to sew
	
	
	to knit
	
	
	to plow
	
	
	to embroid
	
	
	to weave
		5.
		Mark the most appropriate statement option about written and oral texts: 
	
	
	
	We never know the differences between those varieties
	
	
	We rarely know the differences between those varieties
	
	
	We know intuitively the differences between those varieties
		6.
		Literary texts are constantly enriched by vocabulary and structures from ------------- as well. 
	
	
	
	poetry
	
	
	non-literary texts
		7.
		Literary texts have a lot to do with metaphor and symbolism. Literary texts, in fact, relly on those devices to allow an ideal interaction with the readers. In relation to that, it is WRONG to say that 
	
	
	
	A text rich in metaphor and symbolism will not impart both literal and figurative meanings and will accommodate deeper and more layered themes. 
		8.
		Chronology is a quite important characteristic found in literary texts. According to that, choose the alternative that is WRONG in relation to this feature.
	
	
	
	Chronology can only be cohesive. It can never disrupt and disturb the inner structure of the text. 
Lesson 2
		1.
		Choose the alternative that presents a CORRECT possible definition of literature:
	
	
	
	Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadly speaking, ¿literature¿ is used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. 
		2.
		Choose the alternative that is CORRECT in relation to the definition of fiction and fictional work.
	
	
	
	Fiction is the form of any work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not real, but rather, imaginary and theoretical¿that is, invented by the author. Although the term fiction refers in particular to novels and short stories, it may also refer to a theatrical, cinematic, or musical work.
		3.
		David Daisches, in A Study of Literature for Reading and Critics (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1948)24 comments the relation between fiction and human mind. Actually he gives prominence to the positive effects that derive from this relation. Read the following alternatives and choos the one that agrees with Daisches perspective.
	
	
	
	Fiction enables us to explore the recesses of man¿s head and heart with a torch; history allows us only the natural light of day, which does not usually shine into such places. Literature is man¿s exploration of man by artificial light, which is better than natural light because we can direct it where we want.
		4.
		When explaining the notion of the "uncanny' in literature, Todorov presents two key words that for him are crucial. What are they?
	
	
	
	illusion and provocation
		5.
		_______________ is considered the key element of the literary text.
	
	
	
	fiction
		6.
		Fictional works enable readers to embark on an intellectual journey that will expand their knowledge considerably. Taking that into consideration, read the alternatives below and choos the alternative that is corretc in relation to the kind of text in question:
	
	
	
	Fictional works are a very subjective and debatable issue.
		7.
		Complete the following statement: That¿s the first key element of literature: ______________. 
	
	
	
	Opinion
	
	
	Fiction
		8.
		Indeed, when writing a story, the writer presents his/her private world and by doing this, he/she intends to please, distract and/or move -----------.
	
	
	
	readers
Lesson 3
	 1a Questão 
	
	
	
	Which of the items below CANNOT be considereda key characteristic of culture:
	
	
	Culture is not associated with social groups.
	 2a Questão 
	
	
	
	
	Which of the items below CANNOT be considereda key characteristic of culture:
		
	
	Culture is a descriptive not an evaluative concept.
	
	Culture is both an individual construct and a social construct.
	
	Culture is subject to gradual change. 
	
	The various parts of a culture are not related at all.
	 3a Questão 
	
	
	
	
	Which of the items below CANNOT be considered part of the concept of culture?
		
	
	Beliefs 
	
	Individual habits
	 4a Questão 
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that is WRONG in relation to the definition of language:
		
	
	Language is communication of specific and limited through a system of prdictable signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. 
	 5a Questão 
	
	
	
	
	Which of the items below CANNOT be considereda key characteristic of culture: 
		
	
	Culture is associated with social groups.
	
	Culture is always both socially and psychologically distributed in a group. 
	
	Culture has both universal and distinctive elements. 
	
	Culture is eirther an individual construct or a social construct. 
	 6a Questão 
	
	
	
	
	According to our studies, Spencer-Oatley (2012) provided some key caracteristics of culture. Choose the INCORRECT option:
		
	
	Culture is not uniformly distributed, i.e., group members do not share identical behaviors, attitudes and so on. Rather, they show family resemblances.
	
	There is no such thing as a HIGH or LOW culture. Cultures are either similar or different from each other.
	
	Culture is manifested at different layers of depth. 
	
	Culture is shared by some sort of social group or society. 
	
	Culture is something we do not learn.
	 7a Questão 
	
	
	
	
	Just as the two faces of a coin, literature and culture are connected to each in an indisputable and inseparable way. Chhose the alterantive that correctly shows this close relation.
		
	
	Literature, through its unique form of expression, is able to highlight those factors which are essential for a society, for example, its problems, its customs, as well as its political and social organization.
Lesson 4
		1.
		Words are ____________________ because there is no natural resemblance between the forms of linguistic signs and their meaning. 
	
	
	
	arbitrary
		2.
		Human and animal language differ in many different levels. Which of the alternatives below is NOT CORRECT in relation to expose specificities concerning this two ways of communicating:
	
	
	
	Animals master their language in a way that they can create different ways ofexpressing their feelings and emotions.
		3.
		Human language has certain characteristics that cannot be found in the communication systems of other animals. One of these characteristics is
	
	
	
	creativity
		4.
		What does the image below illustrate?
	
	
	
	language is arbitrary
		5.
		Language functions are related to the fact that speakers can adapt their way of communicating in accordance with the objective they phave in mind. Choose the alternative that is contradicting the previous statement:
	
	
	
	Whether we are apologizing, expressing a wish or asking permission, we can not use language in order to fulfill that purpose. 
		6.
		According to the great linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, language is a system of signs which encode ---------------.
	
	
	
	information
		7.
		There is a close relationship between literature, language and culture. It happens because: 
	
	
	
	language is the medium of literature and that each language has its own distinctive features, which are peculiar to a people and their way of conceiving the world. 
		8.
		Choose the CORRECT alternative: 
	
	
	
	The dramatic genre is presented on a stage, where actors give concrete form to characters. 
Lesson 5
		1.
		Literary texts usually present the following characteristics, EXCEPT: 
	
	
	
	Subjetividade predominante; 
	
	
	Objetividade e foco na informação 
		2.
		It¿s not a simple task to make a clear distinction between non-literary and literary texts because: 
	
	
	
	they¿re not mutually exclusive texts, because they are the same thing. 
	
	
	they¿re not mutually exclusive texts, but rather interdependent. 
		3.
		It would be hard to imagine how to accomplish most of the things we do, even in a single day, without ---------------------.
	
	
	
	poetry
	
	
	language
		4.
		Mark the option which does not present a non literary text:
	
	
	
	Textbooks
	
	
	Reports
	
	
	Novels
		5.
		Em relação à importância da literatura para o desenvolvimento do ser humano, podemos dizer que: 
	
	
	
	a literatura deforma o raciocínio humano, pois permite unicamente que se constitua uma visão pessoal sobre a realidade.. 
	
	
	a literatura amplia os horizontes do o raciocínio humano, pois a cada leitor uma visão ampla da realidade que o circunda a partir do diálogo com as situações apresentadas no texto. 
		6.
		Having in minde the concept and the characteristics of language, choose the statement that is corretc in relation to it:
	
	
	
	Languages evolve and diversify over time, and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur.
Lesson 6
		1.
		In his famous book The Republic, Plato conceives artists, in general, as 
	
	
	
	as mere imitators of the world of appearances and opinions. 
		2.
		In his famous book _____________________, Plato conceives artists, in general, as mere imitators of the world of appearances and opinions. The philosopher¿s assumptions about truth, goodness and knowledge directly affected his ideas regarding the value of art. 
	
	
	
	Eudemian Ethics
	
	
	Poetics
	
	
	The Republic
		3.
		According to Plato, the sensible word can be seen as 
	
	
	
	The sensible world, also known as the world of appearances, is the one we can perceive through our senses. Since our senses are imperfect and general, Plato believed the sensible world was a deceptive imitation of a corresponding imperfect world. 
	
	
	The sensible world, also known as the world of solidity, is the one we can perceive through our senses. Since our senses are imperfect and particular, Plato believed the sensible world was a deceptive imitation of a corresponding perfect world. 
	
	
	The sensible world, also known as the world of appearances, is the one we can perceive through our senses. Since our senses are imperfect and particular, Plato believed the sensible world was a deceptive imitation of a corresponding perfect world. 
		4.
		In literary terms, ____________________ is the appearance of being true or real.
	
	
	
	likeness
	
	
	realism
	
	
	credibility
	
	
	verisimilitude
		5.
		Choose the alternative that is not correct in relation to Plato's conceptions of art: 
	
	
	
	Plato truly believed that art had a positive effect on the audience due to the fact that the emotion caused by a work of art would hinder a person¿s understanding of the truth. 
	
	
	Plato truly believed that art had a negative effect on the audience due to the fact that the emotion caused by a work of art would improve a person¿s understanding of the truth. 
	
	
	Plato truly believed that art had a negative effect on the audience due to the fact that the emotion caused by a work of art would hinder a person¿s understanding of the truth. 
		6.
		According to Plato, the world of the forms can be seen as 
	
	
	
	The world of the forms, on the other hand, is the real world to Plato. The philosopher argued that unlike material things, the forms are imperfect. 
	
	
	The world of the forms, on the other hand, is the imaginary world to Plato. The philosopher argued that unlike material things, the forms are eternal and unchanging. Therefore, he considered this world absolute and perfect. 
	
	
	The world of the forms, on the other hand, is the real world to Plato. The philosopher argued that unlike material things, the forms are eternal and unchanging. Therefore, he considered this world absolute and perfect.
		7.
		Art attempts to imitate human action, not specific individuals. The literary artist seeks to portray accurately the general actions of human life (happiness, misery) within the confines of a consciously constructed sequence of particular events and characters. - Whose thoughts are these?
	
	
	
	Sophocles´
	
	
	Aristotle ´s
		8.
		Which set of the words best completes the text? ...... literature is ´mimetic´, that is to say, re-presents '________________', 'nature', or 'the way things are'. It portrays moral and other ______________________ in a compelling, concrete, immediately felt way through its ________________ devices and powers, yet allows as well for reflection, for a theorizing or reconsideration of the experiences evoked, as we are both 'experiencing' the _____________ evoked and are separated from it. 
	
	
	
	reality - experiences - aesthetic - world
Lesson 7
		1.
		Mark the option which best completes the sentence: Proença Filho (2009) identifies--------------------- as a major trait that contributes to the uniqueness of the literary texts.
	
	
	
	complexity
		2.
		Below you have the following major traits that contribute to the uniqueness of the literary language, EXCEPT for 
	
	
	
	Respeito incondicional ao significado literal das palavras 
		3.
		In -------------------, Joyce suggests that the experience of frustrated desire for love and new experiences is common to most people.
	
	
	
	Diamonds
	
	
	Araby
		4.
		That ´s the power of literature. It might present us ------ experiences, but then it makes them seem strangely peculiar so that we can look at them from a different perspective. 
	
	
	
	urban
	
	
	familiar
		5.
		Think about the concept of specificity in relation to literature and choose the CORRECT alternative: 
	
	
	
	the uniqueness of literary texts comes from a transcension of the boundaries of everyday language. This special use of words enables the writer to go beyond the mere semantic level and uncover the mysteries of the human condition right before our eyes. 
		6.
		It¿s clear to see that this is an example of a non-literary use of language, mainly due to the following reasons, EXCEPT for 
	
	
	
	The sentences are simple, literal 
	
	
	It is direct and specialized 
	
	
	It is totally marked bysubjectivity 
		7.
		Choose the alternative that refer to literary text 
	
	
	
	A literary text is a written work, generally a narrative, that is seen as a worthwhile body of work. Seen differently by different theorists, literary texts are works of literature that convey a message 
Lesson 8
		1.
		Poetry is a literary genre determined by features of .....
	
	
	
	style and technique
		2.
		The word ´genre´arrived in English coming from:
	
	
	
	Old French
		3.
		Read all the alternatives and choose the one that is WRONG: 
	
	
	
	We can conclude that the lyric genre refers to the poet¿s subjective expression, that is, his view of the world, his joy, his pain, his self-awareness. 
	
	
	The modern poet is well aware that his view of the world is biased and fragmented just like the traditional poet that believes that his view is reliable and totally correct
		4.
		Read the text and answer the question: ---Genetically modified (GM) crops that exterminate pests feeding on them are no longer uncommon. One of the latest is a strain of corn genetically engineered to disrupt the expression of certain genes in the corn rootworm - a pest that devastate this important crop. This is the first time that the technique known as RNA interference has proven effective through the ingestion of RNA rather than through its injection into pests. Compared to the insect-resistant transgenic plants that produce the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, the new strain of corn is much more specific in that it targets genes only found in a small number of species. As regards the risk to humans, the companies promoting the new crop make the dubious claim that there is no cause for concern since the RNA is broken down in the normal process of human digestion. At the very least, there is the concern about a repetition of the unpleasant allergic reactions caused by some earlier GM varieties. ---- (source: fullspate.digitalcounterrevolution.co.uk/ecpe-reading-test-4.html) In the opinion of the author, the companies marketing the new corn .... 
	
	
	
	are ignorant of alternative pest management techniques.
	
	
	hold the key to solving the problem of hunger.
	
	
	are using a pesticide over wider areas
	
	
	have been unfairly targetted by anti-GM campaigners.
	
	
	may have made a misleading statement.
		5.
		In his poetics, Aristotle defines drama as being made up of all below BUT....
	
	
	
	plot
	
	
	melody
	
	
	spectacle
	
	
	characters
	
	
	dialogue with the author
		6.
		Think about the term lyric and choose the INCORRECT alternative 
	
	
	
	According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word lyric¿comesomtheLat∈wordlyricuswhichmeans
	of or for the lyre¿, and from the Greek word lyrikos, which means `singing to the lyre¿. 
	
	
	Over the years, the term `lyric¿ has been associated with poetry and it comes from the latin word lyricus. 
	
	
	The word lyric¿doescomesomtheLat∈wordlyricuswhichmeans
		7.
		All sentences below refer to the characteristics of the literary discourse BUT:
	
	
	
	Complex sentences, which contain lots of details 
	
	
	Figurative language, such as metaphor, is used
	
	
	All sentences are literal
		8.
		The literary term ´lyric´comes from the Greek word ´lyrikos´, which means ....
	
	
	
	making the lyre
	
	
	talking to the lyre
	
	
	singing to the lyre
Lesson 9
	
		
	
		1.
		Originally, the Epic genre was presented as a (n) -------- narrative, which involved the unity of author, the work, and the audience.
	
	
	
	modern
	
	
	oral
		2.
		Which alternative DOES NOT represent the characteristics of the classical Epic poem 
	
	
	
	Epics have to do with ordinary funny sirtuations 
	
	
	
	simplicity
	
	
	magnitude
		4.
		The Epic is basically concerned with: 
	
	
	
	Moral ideals(e.g. sex, war and violence, the distribution of wealth, food and alcohol etc) and giving spiritual significance to historical events (that is, the hero¿s courage and determination, as well as the triumph of his people is divinely ordained.) 
		5.
		The Epic can be defined as, according to Abrams (1988), 
	
	
	
	[A short non-stanzaic] poem on a great and serious subject, told in an elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. 
	
	
	[A long non-stanzaic] poem on a great and serious subject, told in an elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends his own success, a nation, not the human race.
	
	
	[A long non-stanzaic] poem on a great and serious subject, told in an elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. 
		6.
		Originally, this epic genre was presented as an oral narrative, which involved the unity of three elements, being.....
	
	
	
	the author, the work, and the melody.
	
	
	the author, the work, and the audience.
		7.
		Mark the only option which does not describe The Epic:
	
	
	
	Distribution of wealth
	
	
	Moral ideas
	
	
	Material significance to historical events
Lesson 10
		1.
		Choose the CORRECT alternative: 
	
	
	
	The strength of the dramatic genre relies on the fact that there is someone to present the events as they happen, that is, although it is the narrator
	
	
	The strength of the dramatic genre relies on the fact that there is no one to present the events as they happen, that is, there¿s no narrator. 
		2.
		Choose the alternative in relation to Aristotle¿s perspective of the work of art 
	
	
	
	He believed that a work of art would be similar to reality and, at the same time, it would distance itself from this same reality. 
		3.
		Choose the CORRECT alternative: 
	
	
	
	The Epic poem was written in an popular or ordinary language, in order to reflect the importance of its subject material. 
	
	
	The Epic poem was not written in an elevated or dignified language, in order to reflect the importance of its subject material. 
	
	
	The Epic poem did not concern everyday affairs or common people. Instead, it treated serious affairs and described the high qualities of heroes and deities. 
		4.
		Choose the alternative that is CORRECT: 
	
	
	
	Literature is about life, and as such, it engages readers in an intricate and elaborate set of emotional, intellectual and social considerations. It does so by using language, images and symbols, among others, in a simple and obvious shallow form. Literature represents society, people, and the world, and the more literature we read, the more open we are to its effects. 
	
	
	Literature is about life, and as such, it engages readers in an intricate and elaborate set of emotional, intellectual and social considerations. It does so by using language, images and symbols, among others, in a complex and subtle form. Literature represents society, people, and the world, and the more literature we read, the more open we are to its effects. 
		5.
		Unlike Plato, Aristotle saw art 
	
	
	
	not only as an imitation of reality, but as an imitation of the essences (what could be).
		6.
		Literature occupies a prominent place among all the other forms of art manifestations because: 
	
	
	
	It makes possible to transfer the essence of facts to other generations in a very unique way. 
	
	
	It can transform our way of understanding science, and, therefore, transform us. 
	
	
	It makes possible to transfer the essence of being human to other generations in a very unique way and it makes possible to transfer the essence of being human to other generations in a very unique way.

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