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Cultural aspects 
 
Scotland has been the scene of several films, such as Braveheart, Trainspotting, 
Highlander, Skyfall, the animation Brave and even the Harry Potter saga had scenes shot in 
the country. 
Scotland (Scotland, in Scottish) occupies the northern third of the island of Great 
Britain and borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the North Sea to the east, England to the 
south-east, the Solway Firth and the Irish Sea to the south and the North Channel to the west - 
the latter separates Scotland from the island of Ireland and the Atlantic Ocean. 
With an area of approximately 78,772 sq km, the country's only land border is with 
England to the south. Scotland has about 790 islands and more than 30,000 lakes, plus a 
coastline of 11,800 kilometers in length. 
The capital is Edinburgh. 
St Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland and was crucified on an X-shaped cross. 
According to history, the flag originated in a battle of the 9th century, in which Picts and 
Scots fought against the Angles and a miraculous Sautor appeared in the blue sky. The 
Scottish troops won the battle. 
 
 
(the Scottish flag) 
The Scottish head of state is Elizabeth II, also known as Queen Elizabeth II, the British 
monarch. For the first time the country has a woman as Prime Minister, Nicola Sturgeon of 
the Scottish National Party. 
The Prime Minister is the political leader and head of government of the nation, 
responsible for formulating, developing and representing the Scottish government's state 
policy, as well as representing the country in the United Kingdom. 
Scotland's Economy 
Although the Scottish economy depends on the development of the economy in the 
United Kingdom, it can be said that the country stands out for its agricultural and textile 
production. 
The beef, sheep and pig industry accounts for up to 40% of agricultural production in 
the country, which represents 800 million pounds sterling annually (about $ 1333.60 million). 
The contribution to GDP is 6.5%. 
Cereals and potatoes are the main crops, and forestry represents more than one third of 
Britain's timber production. On the islands and in the Northeast, fishing is a key activity for 
subsistence. 
The main industries are chemicals, engineering tools and electronics. Tourism is 
growing and the beverage sector has more than 110 distilleries, whiskey being the main 
product. 
And about the Loch Ness Monster, don't you dare look for it with harpoons, fishing 
nets or weapons! The country's Secretary of State ordered the animal to be left alone after 
rumors of its existence gained ground in 1933. 
 
Pronouncement 1
 
The official language is English, but some communities speak Scottish Gaelic and 
Scots. 
Scottish English is also known as Scottish English or Scottish Standard English. It is 
normal that Scottish English is often confused with another language spoken in the country, 
scots. The latter is a language of the same family as English, i.e. a Germanic language. 
1 Video about pronunciation ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DjQ5xzFY3E 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DjQ5xzFY3E
One of the main features of Scottish English is the famous 'r' entwined, which has a 
similar pronunciation to our 'r' in words such as 'grateful', 'sentence', 'great', etc. Another 
striking feature in Scottish English is the pronunciation of vowels, which is somewhat 
different from the pronunciation of vowels in standard English. Thus, [aɪ] becomes only [a], 
and the phrase "I love you" [aɪ lʌv juː] is pronounced [a lʌv juː] in Scottish. 
In addition, Scots use their own words and expressions in their vocabulary and most of 
them have Celtic or Nordic origins: 
● loch = lake 
● aye = yes 
● how no ? = why not ? 
● ach, away we go! = I don't believe you! 
● ben = mountain 
● glen = valley 
● wee = little 
● bairn = child 
● lad = guy 
● lass = girl 
● ken = know 
● bonnie = beautiful 
● greet = cry 
● he’s a right sweetie-wife = he likes to chat 
 
Historical aspects 
Some 5,000 and 10,000 years ago the first people to inhabit Scotland built mysterious 
stone circles lined up with solstice and equinox; the naturally magical world of the Celts is the 
root of the Scottish people. Different tribes composed the kingdom of Alba, as Scotland was 
called in its ancient language - Gaelic 
Southern and Central Britain were occupied by the Roman Empire, which was 
transformed into the Roman province of Britannia and is now equivalent to England and 
Wales. 
The north was inhabited by the Celtic tribe of the Picts and known as Caledonia. In the 
6th century, the Scots (Celtic invaders) invaded the region and established the kingdom of 
Dalry. 
According to tradition, the Kingdom of Scotland was founded in 843, when Kenneth I 
became king of the Picts and Scots tribes. 
In the same century, the Angles invaded most of Caledonia and the region, along with 
other Anglo possessions in northern England today, became part of the English kingdom of 
Northumbria. 
The Norman conquest of England in 1066 allowed the introduction of feudalism in 
Scotland and a wider commercial relationship with Europe. 
In the 10th century, the kings of Alban occupied Northumbria and the domains of 
Scotland extended across the territory north of the Solway Firth and the Tweed River. Kings 
Alejandro I and David I established the Anglo-Norman feudal monarchy system and 
abolished the clan land tenure system. 
Scottish resistance 
Margaret, granddaughter of Alexander III, was the king's only living heir. When he 
died, Edward I of England took the opportunity to proclaim English sovereignty over 
Scotland. 
In 1205, an alliance was formed with France in search of Scottish independence. 
The resistance, led by Scottish patriot William Wallace, restored the monarchy and 
crowned Robert Bruce king of Scotland in 1306. Called Robert I, he began a guerrilla 
campaign against the English. 
The war between the Scots and the English only ended in 1328, when Edward III's 
regents accepted the end of the Northampton Treaty which gave independence to Scotland. 
Reform and the modern age 
The Catholic Church was abolished in 1560 and Calvinism was adopted in the 
country. In the early 16th century Jaime IV married Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of 
England, and inherited the English throne, becoming Jaime I of England. 
In 1660 Scotland was again separated from England, but in 1707 the English 
threatened to disrupt trade and free movement on the common border between the countries. 
The alternative found by the parliaments of both countries was to enact the Acts of 
Union, which annexed Scotland to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and ensured that the 
country could retain its own legal, political and religious system. 
 
Food and Drinks 2
 
Water of life - this is the translation of uisge-beatha - whisky, in Gaelic. And in fact 
whisky is the national drink of the Scots. There are over 100 distilleries active in Scotland, 
part of them concentrated in the Speyside region where there is the malt whisky route. When 
in doubt which to choose? In Edinburgh there is an attractiondedicated to whisky, the Scotch 
Whisky Experience, which teaches the manufacturing process and brings together the most 
diverse Scottish brands. 
Not only breakfast, but traditional Scottish food in general, consists of a lot of protein 
and fat, perhaps because it is a country located in a region where the winter is long, the diet of 
Scots need to be more abundant in this sense. So the typical Scottish breakfast consists of 
eggs, bacon, grilled tomatoes, sausages, beans, toast and black pudding (it has nothing to do 
with pudding, it is actually a sausage made from pork blood, oats, fat and spices). Oh, and for 
vegetarians, Scots people also love to eat mushrooms for their breakfast, so there's probably 
that option at the hotel or wherever else you go to eat. 
Scotland, Norway and Denmark are the largest salmon producers in Europe, so you 
can't help but taste authentic Scottish salmon in Scotland. There are many variations of 
salmon preparation in Scottish restaurants, including a fried salmon cake as pictured below. 
 
Haggis 
This is undoubtedly Scotland's most popular dish, but you must have the courage to 
prove it. The dish consists of lamb offal (heart, kidney and lungs) seasoned with onions, oats 
and spices and was cooked in the lamb's stomach for a few hours. Nowadays, most restaurants 
put the haggis inside a sausage-like skin to go through this cooking process. And nowadays 
Haggis also has several variations and different side dishes, the most traditional side dishes 
are mashed potatoes and radish purée. 
 
2 Other typical dishes ​http://www.degusteseudestino.com.br/escocia-o-que-comer/ 
http://www.degusteseudestino.com.br/escocia-o-que-comer/
 
 
 Typical Scottish breakfast 
 
 
Haggis with mashed potatoes and pumpkin puree 
 
Turismo 
 
Scotland is a destination for fans of film, history, nightlife, architecture and art. 
Starting with the castles! Scotland's most visited attraction is Edinburgh Castle, which 
offers a wonderful view of the city and was one of the most attacked in the world, surviving 
all sorts of military sieges over the centuries. 
 
 
Then you can visit Stirling Castle, in the city of the same name that is the stage of the 
movie "Braveheart". There you will also find the Monument to William Wallace, which 
contains documents and artifacts of the patriot. 
Finally, the Castle of Eilean Donan, one of the most beautiful in the country, in the 
middle of three different lakes and right at the entrance of Skye Island. 
 
 
The Island is also another point of interest: it is the most easily accessible of the 
Scottish Highlands and contains that classic Scottish scenery, with chasms, cliffs, lighthouses 
and beautiful waterfalls. 
The Highlands, or Scottish Highlands, gather valleys, snowy mountains and beautiful 
deep lakes. It's a great place and a must see! If you're lucky you can see the Aurora Boreal 
with the naked eye. 
Scotland is also home to the famous Lake Ness, located in the Scottish Highlands and 
226 metres deep. On its shores are the ruins of Urquhart Castle. 
 
 
The largest body of freshwater in the UK never freezes and holds one of the greatest 
mysteries of mankind: after all, does the Loch Ness Monster exist or not? According to over a 
thousand accounts, yes. It's worth a visit to clear up the doubt. 
Finally, be sure to visit Glasgow, with all its cultural richness, and visit the Glenfinnan 
Viaduct in Lochaber, where the Hogwarts Express passes through the "Harry Potter" saga. 
 
 
Oh, and it's worth remembering that Scotland has the world's most traditional whisky 
production, with five producing regions - Campbeltown, Highlands, Lowlands, Speyside and 
Islay. The Whisky Route is a must for drink lovers! 
 
 
Local Currency 
 
The local currency is the pound sterling, as the country is part of the European Union 
but not the Eurozone. 
 
Fashion 
 
Shall we talk about the kilts? The chess men's skirt was only incorporated into 
Scotland's national identity in the 17th century. In fact, it was born in Ireland and brought to 
the country when the Gaelic people migrated to the Highlands region in the 14th century. 
 
 
 
Public Security 
 
In Scotland, a country of 5.3 million people, the weapon of criminals by far is the 
knife. Firearms are still the tools of farmers and hunters. 
 
"You don't see people with guns in this country," says Sir Stephen House, who left the 
post of Scottish police chief in November. "If you do, you're in a rural area and you're a guy 
hunting rabbits." 
Of the 55 or so murders in the country in the last 12 months, "one or two" were by 
shooting, House says. Only two percent of Scottish police use guns. 
 
 
 
 Edinburgh 
 
 
Health System 
The Scottish public health system is a benchmark and among the best in the world. All 
medical care, from consultations, medicines, admissions are offered free of charge.