Psicodiagnóstico_interventivo_(HUTZ, 2016, cap 15)

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VWMGSJMEKTÓWZMGS MTZIXBITZMBS
Betiwwe Wzyqvl Nigo
Berixme Hexhmixm
áxie je ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge ehxetki yqe jew gsqvizêtgmew qemw xiribetziw js vwmgórsks.
Ire itbsrbi e evrmgeçãs ji gstnigmqitzs zióxmgs ts itzitjmqitzs js lytgmsteqitzs
vwmgsrókmgs ji viwwsew sy kxyvsw iq xireçãs e yqe jiqetje iwvigílmge ji gsqvxiitwãs
js gsqvsxzeqitzs (Vxmqm, Qytmf, & Tytiw, 6445). Vexe Nyzf (6445), s zixqs “ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge”
é ywejs vexe jiwgxibix yq gstpytzs ji vxsgijmqitzsw uyi ziq vsx shpizmbs gsrizex jejsw vexe
ziwzex nmvóziwiw grítmgew, vxsjyfmx jmektówzmgsw i jiwgxibix s lytgmsteqitzs ji mtjmbíjysw sy
kxyvsw iq wmzyeçõiw iwvigílmgew. Ji egsxjs gsq s Gstwirns Lijixer ji Vwmgsrskme ([GLV], 6443, v.
2):
. . . e ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge é yq vxsgiwws zégtmgs i gmitzílmgs xiermfejs gsq viwwsew sy
kxyvsw ji viwwsew uyi, ji egsxjs gsq geje áxie js gstnigmqitzs, xiuyix qizsjsrskmew
iwvigílmgew. Ire é jmtâqmge, i wi gstwzmzym iq lstzi ji mtlsxqeçõiw ji gexázix idvrmgezmbs
wshxi sw litôqitsw vwmgsrókmgsw, gsq e lmtermjeji ji wyhwmjmex sw zxehernsw tsw
jmlixitziw geqvsw ji ezyeçãs js vwmgórsks, jitzxi iriw, weúji, ijygeçãs, zxeherns i
syzxsw wizsxiw iq uyi ire wi lmfix tigiwwáxme.
Tiwwi witzmjs, idmwziq jmlixitziw zmvsw ji ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge, uyi vsjiq wix grewwmlmgejsw
gstlsxqi s gstzidzs iq uyi sgsxxiq, vsx idiqvrs, tew iqvxiwew, tsw nswvmzemw, ts iwvsxzi, ts
âqhmzs pyxíjmgs, tsw JIZXETw, tew sxmitzeçõiw bsgegmstemw, te grítmge, itzxi syzxsw (GLV, 6443;
Yxhmte, 6443). Wikytjs Gytne (6444, v. 5), e ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge uyi ziq lmtermjeji grítmge
gneqe-wi vwmgsjmektówzmgs. Vexe ire, “. . . s vwmgsjmektówzmgs é yqe zexile js vwmgórsks grítmgs i e
útmge uyi rni é vxmbezmbe” tsw gewsw iq uyi wãs evrmgejsw ziwziw vwmgsrókmgsw”.
Iq wiyw vxmqóxjmsw, s vwmgsjmektówzmgs, jixmbejs je vwmgsrskme grítmge, wslxiy lsxzi mt lryêtgme
js qsjirs qéjmgs uyi, iq vwmgsvezs rskme, shpizmbebe iwzyjex sw wmtzsqew i ew wítjxs qiw
vwmuymázxmgew ts mtzymzs ji gstlmxqex nm vóziwiw jmektówzmgew. Jiwwe qetimxe, s vwmgsjmektówzmgs
sxmitzebe-wi vsx yq qsjirs wshxizy js vwmgsqézxmgs i hinebmsxmwze. Ts itzetzs, gsq e
gstzxmhymçãs gxiwgitzi je zisxme vwmgeterízmge tiwwi vxsgiwws, vewwsy-wi e bersxmfex s vevir je
wyhpizmbmjeji js ideqmtetjs (Etgste-Rsvif, 7528) i s yws ji shwixbeçõiw i zégtmgew vxspizmbew
vexe iwzyjex e vixwstermjeji, eréq ji wi itlezmfex geje bif qemw e xireçãs vwmgórsks-vegmitzi iq
wiyw ewvigzsw zxetwlixitgmemw i gstzxezxetwlixitgmemw. Ewwmq, eréq js ewvigzs qetmliwzs jsw
wmtzsqew, lsm vswwíbir ezitzex vexe sw wiyw wmktmlmgejsw rezitziw (Exfits, 7551; Sgeqvs, Exfits, &
Vmggsrs, 7520).
Sgeqvs i gsrehsxejsxiw (7520) elmxqeq uyi sw gstgimzsw zióxmgsw je vwmgetármwi wãs úzimw
vexe e mtzixvxizeçãs js qezixmer vxsjyfmjs virs vegmitzi iq ziwziw i itzxibmwzew. Zsjebme, sw
jiqemw ewvigzsw je zégtmge i js qézsjs uyi lytjeqitzeq e xireçãs zixeviyze-vegmitzi ts
xilixitgmer vwmgeterízmgs tãs wãs mtgryíjsw tiwwi zxeherns zxejmgmster ji vwmgsjmektówzmgs, uyi wi
xiwzxmtki lytjeqitzerqitzi à mtbiwzmkeçãs. Mwws egstzigi vsxuyi yqe mqvsxzeçãs qemw idzitwmbe
je vxázmge vwmgeterízmge vexe iwwi vxsgiwws mqvrmgexme e egimzeçãs ji gixzew gstjyzew js vegmitzi
(gsqs ezxewsw, wmrêtgmsw i vxsjyçõiw iwvstzâtiew), uyi wãs mtgsqvezíbimw gsq e evrmgeçãs jsw
mtwzxyqitzsw ji ideqi vwmgsrókmgs gstlsxqi iwzmvyreje iq wiyw qetyemw i vyhrmgeçõiw gráwwmgew.
Tiwwi qiwqs gstzidzs, ji egsxjs gsq Sgeqvs i gsrehsxejsxiw (7520), ts wizzmtk ebermezmbs, es
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gstzxáxms js zixevêyzmgs, tãs é hiq-bmtjs s yws ji mtzixbitçõiw, e tãs wix iq wmzyeçõiw ji
hrsuyims js vegmitzi, uyi s mqviçeq ji wikymx ew mtwzxyçõiw jsw ziwziw vwmgsrókmgsw. Ts itzetzs,
qiwqs iq yq vxsgiwws ji vwmgsjmektówzmgs zxejmgmster, vswwíbimw ilimzsw zixevêyzmgsw vsjiq
wshxibmx ts qsqitzs je itzxibmwze jibsryzmbe, qew iriw wãs gsqvxiitjmjsw gsqs mtbsrytzáxmsw,
yqe bif uyi s shpizmbs vxmtgmver jiwwe zégtmge kmxe iq zsxts je zxetwqmwwãs je mtlsxqeçãs shzmje
vsx qims je evrmgeçãs i je mtzixvxizeçãs jew zégtmgew ji ebermeçãs. Qemw js uyi mwws, mtzixbitçõiw
zixevêyzmgew es rstks js vwmgsjmektówzmgs gswzyqeq wix gstwmjixejew vixtmgmswew vexe s
xiwyrzejs lmter js zxeherns (Hexhmixm, 6474e).
Gsqvxiitjiqsw uyi é pywzeqitzi vsx qetzix ew jmlixitçew ji wizzmtk uyi s zxeherns js
vwmgsjmektówzmgs lmgexme vxipyjmgejs. S vwmgórsks wixme, itzãs, shxmkejs “. . . e ejszex yqe vswzyxe
ji bersxmfeçãs jeuymrs uyi s wypimzs lef iq jizxmqitzs js uyi é, sy wipe, gstwmjixá-rs gsqs shpizs
vexgmer . . . Eréq jmwws, yq vegmitzi xivizi ezmzyjiw i gstjyzew idezeqitzi vsxuyi irew tãs lsxeq
etzixmsxqitzi gsqvxiitjmjew” (Hexhmixm, 6446, v. 36). Lsxeq shwixbeçõiw jiwwe tezyxife uyi
vxsvmgmexeq s tewgmqitzs js vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzixbitzmbs (VM), vexzmgyrexqitzi s ji sxmitzeçãs
vwmgeterízmge (Hexhmixm, 6474e), i uyi qexgexeq e jmlixitçe itzxi iwwi vxsgijmqitzs i s qsjirs
gráwwmgs ji ebermeçãs je vixwstermjeji.
E jiwvimzs je mtlryêtgme gevmzer je vwmgetármwi ts wyxkmqitzs js VM, iwwi qézsjs tãs wi
vxitji idgrywmbeqitzi es xilixitgmer zióxmgs vwmgeterízmgs. Ewwmq, iri vsji wix xiermfejs wikytjs
syzxew gsxxitziw ji vitweqitzs, gsqs e idmwzit gmer nyqetmwze (Etgste-Rsvif, 7551; Lmwgnix,
7535), i qiwqs e vexzmx ji yqe vixwvigzmbe vwmgsqézxmge (Lmtt & Zstwekix, 7553). Tiwzi gevízy rs,
gstzyjs, mxiqsw tsw jijmgex es vwmgsjmektów zmgs mtzixbitzmbs ji sxmitzeçãs vwmgeterízmge (VMSV),
uyi ziq wmjs tswws shpizs ji iwzyjs ná erkyq ziqvs (Hexhmixm, 6446; Nigo, 6478).
SXMKITW JS VWMGSJMEKTÓWZMGS MTZIXBITZMBS
S VMSV é yq vxsgijmqitzs uyi wi lytjeqitze te vxázmge je vwmgsrskme grítmge. Ziq vsx shpizmbs
jmektswzmgex, itzitjix i mtzixbmx te vxshriqázmge js mtjmbíjys, lefitjs s yws mtzikxejs jsw
vxsgiwwsw ebermezmbs i zixevêyzmgs. Jiwwi qsjs, gexegzixmfe-wi lytjeqitzerqitzi vire
gstgsqmzâtgme je mtbiwzmkeçãs i je mtzixbitçãs (Emirrs-Bemwhixk, 7555). Mwws wmktmlmge uyi, tiwwi
qézsjs, ew mtzixbitçõiw pá vsjiq wix xiermfejew jyxetzi ew itzxibmwzew mtmgmemw gsq s vegmitzi i
tew evrmgeçõiw ji ziwziw vwmgsrókmgsw, slixigitjs jibsryçõiw jyxetzi zsjs s vxsgiwws ebermezmbs i
tãs wsqitzi es wiy lmter (Hexhmixm, 6474e). Ji egsxjs gsq Veyrs (6441, v. 54), s VM vsji wix
jilmtmjs gsqs:
. . . yqe lsxqe ji ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge, wyhsxjmteje es vitweqitzs grítmgs, vexe
evxiitwãs je jmtâqmge mtzxevwíuymge, gsqvxiitwãs je vxshriqázmge js mtjmbíjys i
mtzixbitçãs tsw ewvigzsw iqixkitziw, xiribetziw i/sy jizixqmtetziw jsw
jiwepywzeqitzsw xiwvstwábimw vsx wiy wslxmqitzs vwíuymgs i uyi, es qiwqs ziqvs, i
vsx mwws, vixqmzi yqe mtzixbitçãs ilmgef.
Iqhsxe e vxsvswze js VM wipe xirezmbeqitzi xigitzi, xiqstzetjs esw etsw ji 7554 (Emirrs-
Bemwhixk, 6448; Etgste-Rsvif, 7551; Hexhmixm, 6446; Lmtt & Zstwekix, 7553; Zexjmbs, 6440; Zxmtge,
6449), e zxetwvswmçãs jew lxstzimxew itzxi ebermeçãs i mtzixbitçãs tãs é iq wm yqe tsbmjeji.
Jiwwi qsjs, es rstks ji zsje e nmwzóxme je vwmgsrskme grítmge, pá wi gstwzeze s yws ji ziwziw
vxspizmbsw gsq shpizmbsw zixevêyzmgsw, sy wipe, vxszózmvsw jiwwi qézsjs ji ebermeçãs i mtzixbitçãs.
Tiwwi witzmjs, Qsxket i Qyxxec (7591) xirezexeq uyi s Ziwzi ji Evixgivçãs Ziqázmge (ZEZ)
vsjixme wix zixeviyzmgeqitzi úzmr tsw gewsw iq uyi s vegmitzi tãs vxigmwewwi sy tãs vyjiwwi
ribex e gehs yqe etármwi gsqvrize.
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Iq 7538, Hirreo xizsqsy e mjime ji Qsxket i Qyxxec (7591), vxsvstjs uyi, evów e evrmgeçãs
gráwwmge js ZEZ, s ideqmtejsx evxiwitzewwi es vegmitzi yqe góvme jew nmwzóxmew vxsjyfmjew vsx
iri i vixkytzewwi s uyi vitwebe e xiwvimzs jirew. E vexzmx jiwwe idvixmêtgme, Hirreo bixmlmgsy uyi e
xiwvswze js vegmitzi gswzyqebe wix e ji uyi wyew nmwzóxmew wixmeq wmqvriw texxeçõiw, tãs
xiregmstejew e wm qiwqs. Iri, itzãs, gsqitzebe gsq s ideqmtetjs pá zix sybmjs báxmew nmwzóxmew
jmlixitziw e xiwvimzs jsw qiwqsw gexzõiw i, vsx bifiw, idiqvrmlmgebe wye elmxqeçãs, evxiwitzetjs
e iri gixzs túqixs ji ziqew jmwzmtzsw jeuyiriw uyi iri nebme lsxtigmjs àw kxebyxew. E gstwzezeçãs
ji uyi ew wyew nmwzóxmew ixeq jmlixitziw geywebe lsxzi mqvegzs iqsgmster ts vegmitzi, e vstzs ji
zsxtex iksjmwzôtmgsw erkytw ewvigzsw js wiy gsqvsxzeqitzs. E vexzmx jiwwi ilimzs,Hirreo (7538)
idvrsxebe s qezixmer gsq s vegmitzi, wsrmgmzetjs xilridõiw egixge jsw qszmbsw ji wyew nmwzóxmew wi
jmlixitgmexiq jew vxsjyçõiw jsw jiqemw mtjmbíjysw. E rimzyxe jew texxeçõiw vixqmzme es
ideqmtejsx shwixbex wi idmwzme e vixgivçãs, virs vegmitzi, ji jitsqmtejsxiw gsqytw e irew
(ziqew, witzmqitzsw, vitweqitzsw, gexegzixíwzmgew jsw vxszekstmwzew, itzxi syzxsw), s uyi
https://viewer.bibliotecaa.binpar.com/viewer/Text/Capitulo_15.xhtml#footnote-022
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vxsvmgmebe s wyxkmqitzs kxejyer js mtwmknz. Ewwmq, gsq hewi iq lezsxiw gsqytw uyi meq
evexigitjs, s ideqmtejsx wsrmgmzebe ewwsgmeçõiw rmbxiw i, iq wikymje, jmwgyzme zsjs s qezixmer gsq
s vegmitzi tsbeqitzi, yzmrmfetjs ew etármwiw i mtzixvxizeçõiw mtjmgejew. Vexe xiermfex iwwi
vxsgijmqitzs, Hirreo xigsqitjebe uyi s vxslmwwmster zmbiwwi idvixmêtgme grítmge, yqe bif uyi sw
vxmtgívmsw je vwmgszixevme evrmgebeq-wi mkyerqitzi es yws js mtwzxyqitzs (Hirreo, 7538). Iq
wikymje, Lxmijitzner (7530) vxsvôw e evrmgeçãs js Ziwzi ji Xireçõiw Shpizemw (ZXS) ji Vnmrrmvwst,
lefitjs yws ji vixkytzew es vegmitzi i wsrmgmzetjs iwgrexigmqitzsw vexe, rsks evów, xiermfex, pytzs
e iri, ewwmtereqitzsw i mtzixvxizeçõiw.
Ewwmq, lsxeq iwwew xilixêtgmew rstkítuyew wshxi s yws ji mtzixbitçõiw ts gstzidzs je
evrmgeçãs ji ziwziw vxspizmbsw uyi itxemfexeq, te qemsxme jsw gewsw, ew vyhrmgeçõiw gmitzílmgew- 
ezyemw wshxi s VM, uyi ziq yqe jmbixwmjeji ji qsjirsw ji egsxjs gsq sw jmlixitziw xilixitgmemw
zióxmgsw ejszejsw.
Ts VMSV, ew itzxibmwzew i zégtmgew vxspizmbew wãs yzmrmfejew, vxmtgmverqitzi, gsqs qimsw ji
gsqytmgeçãs itzxi s vwmgórsks i s vegmitzi (Emirrs-Bemwhixk, 6448; Hexhmixm, 6446; Zexjmbs, 6440;
Zxmtge, 6449). Jiwwe qetimxe, iri vxsvõi yqe qyjetçe ts qsjs ji xiermfex s vwmgsjmek tówzmgs
gráwwmgs, uyi s ribe e wi jmwzetgmex jsw qsjirsw qizsjsrókmgsw vswmzmbmwzew i e ejszex yqe lsxqe
ji zxeherns uyi vxmbmrikme e xireçãs itzxi sw wypimzsw i e gsqvxiitwãs js vegmitzi (Zexjmbs, 6443).
Tiwwi gstzidzs, iwwe qsjermjeji ji “ebermeçãs zixevêyzmge” gsqvexzmrne jsw vxmtgívmsw js
vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs (Zxmtge, 7528) i jew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew ji Amttmgszz (7537/7528).
LYTJEQITZSW JS VWMGSJMEKTÓWZMGS MTZIXBITZMBS JI SXMITZEÇÃS
VWMGETERÍZMGE
S VMSV vsji wix gstwmjixejs yq nixjimxs js vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs, uyi ziq gsqs
lmtermjeji shzix yqe gsqvxiitwãs eqvre i mtzikxeje js mtjmbíjys, ribetjs iq gstze ew jmtâqmgew
mtzxevwíuymgew, mtzxeleqmrmexiw i wsgmsgyrzyxemw ji egsxjs gsq s wiy tíbir jiwitbsrbmqitzer. S
vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs é yq vxsgijmqitzs grítmgs uyi hywge jex witzmjs àw mtlsxqeçõiw
gsrnmjew, ebermetjs ewvigzsw xiribetziw i wmktmlmgezmbsw je vixwstermjeji, iq iwvigmer s lsgs tsjer
rezitzi uyi gstjyfmy e yq jizixqmtejs wmtzsqe sy wslxmqitzs. Wiy shpizmbs é ergetçejs vsx qims
js gstzezs iqsgmster iqvázmgs gsq s vegmitzi (Zxmtge, 7528).
Vexe mwws, s pyrkeqitzs grítmgs js vwmgórs ks ts vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs vxmqe wshxi ew
mtzixvxizeçõiw vejxstmfejew jsw xiwyrze jsw uyetzmzezmbsw jsw mtwzxyqitzsw, s uyi lef ji geje
ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge yqe wmzyeçãs útmge vexe s vxslmwwmster i vexe s vegmitzi. Iri vxmbmrikme e
yzmrmfeçãs ji qézsjsw i zégtmgew ji ideqi gsq hewi te ewwsgmeçãs rmbxi, gsqs itzxibmwzew,
shwixbe çõiw, ziwziw vxspizmbsw (vxmtgmverqitzi uyetjs yzmrmfejsw gsqs lsxqew ji itzxibmwze) i
vxsgijmqitzsw grítmgsw ji mtbiwzmkeçãs vsygs sy tãs iwzxyzyxejsw. Zemw vxsgijmqitzsw i qézsjsw
vixqmziq uyi e idvxiwwãs je vixwstermjeji sgsxxe ji qetimxe qemw rmbxi, vxsvsxgmstetjs, ewwmq,
e evxiitwãs je tezyxife wmtkyrex js vegmitzi. Iq gstgsxjâtgme gsq iwwiw shpizmbsw i gsq
vxiwwy vswmçõiw i svçõiw zégtmgew i qizsjsrókmgew, e ebermeçãs jiwwiw vxsgijmqitzsw, hewieje te
idvixmêtgme js vwmgórsks, é xiermfeje vsx qims je rmbxi mtwviçãs js qezixmer vxsjyfmjs (Zxmtge,
7528). Iwwew gexegzixíwzmgew js vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs wãs gsqvexzmrnejew virs VMSV, uyi
egxiwgitze e irew s yws ji mtzixbitçõiw ji jmbixwew tezyxifew (nsrjmtk, vixkytzew, ewwmtereqitzsw,
mtzixvxizeçõiw, itzxi syzxew) es rstks js gstzezs gsq s vegmitzi, iq egsxjs gsq e wye
wmtkyrexmjeji i gstjmçõiw ji ewwmqmreçãs. É vsx mwws uyi s gstwmjixeqsw yqe iwvégmi ji
gstzmtymjeji bixzmger, yq jiwgitjitzi jmxizs js vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs.
Eréq jiwwe gstwetkymtmjeji gsq s vwmgs jmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs, s VMSV zeqhéq wixme yq
evexitzejs jew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew ji Amttmgszz (7537/7528). Iwwi eyzsx gstwzezsy s vevir je
jivitjêtgme uyi s hihê evxiwitze jsw gymjejsw js eqhmitzi, uyi wãs lytjeqitzemw vexe e
gstwzmzymçãs js wiy vwmuymwqs. Tiwwi gstzidzs, Amttmgszz vswzyrsy e mqvsxzâtgme ji ebermex, tew
gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew uyi xiermfebe gsq gxmetçew, e uyermjeji js eqhmitzi iq uyi irew bmbmeq
vexe vsjix ilizyex yq jmektówzmgs gsqvrizs iq vwmuymezxme. Gsq mwws, e ebermeçãs je leqírme tsw
ezitjmqitzsw ji gxmetçew i ejsriwgitziw zsxtsy-wi ji wyqe mqvsxzâtgme, vsmw ixe tigiwwáxms gst- 
zex gsq “. . . yq ‘eqhmitzi jiwipábir qéjms’ vexe itgstzxex i yzmrmfex ew qyjetçew uyi sgsxxiq ts
qitmts sy te qitmte jyxetzi e itzxibmwze” (Amttmgszz, 7537/7528, v. 79). Iwwe mtgrywãs je leqírme
ts ezitjmqitzs je gxmetçe vixqmzmxme, emtje, qshmrmfex ew gevegmjejiw xivexezóxmew jsw vemw i
epyjá-rsw e xigyvixex e gstlmetçe iq wiy vevir i iq wyew lytçõiw, wyxzmtjs ilimzsw zixevêyzmgsw
tiriw vxóvxmsw (Amttmgszz, 7510/6444). Iwwe vexzmgmveçãs ezmbe je leqírme ts zxezeqitzs jsw lmrnsw
zeqhéq lef vexzi jew tswwew vxsvswzew ji VM jmxmkmjs à gxmetçe i es ejsriwgitzi (Hexhmixm, 6446;
Nigo, 6478), yqe bif uyi, iq tswws qézsjs ji zxeherns, ew gstjmçõiw jsw vemw wãs jizixqmtetziw
js tíbir ji evxsbimzeqitzs uyi e gxmetçe ywylxymxá js vxsgiwws. Je qiwqe qetimxe uyi s VM, ew
gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew wi gstwzmzyiq iq yq qézsjs uyi gsqhmte ebermeçãs i mtzixbitçãs. Irew wãs
lytjeqitzejew te mqvsxzâtgme jew vxmqimxew wiwwõiw, iq uyi ná yqe gsqytmgeçãs erzeqitzi
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wmktmlmgezmbe itzxi vegmitzi i zixeviyze. Iwwe gsqytmgeçãs, uyi sgsxxi iq tíbir bixher i tãs bixher,
gexegzixmfe-wi virs vijmjs ji epyje js vegmitzi, uyi etwime itgstzxex tiwwi iwveçs, pytzs gsq
uyiq s ezitji, s shpizs i e idvixmêtgme ji uyi tigiwwmze vexe e wyvixeçãs je wye jmlmgyrjeji. Ire
vixqmzi e iqixwãs ji ewvigzsw iwwitgmemw je bmje js vegmitzi uyi iwzãs xiregmstejsw es qszmbs
je gstwyrze i jsw uyemw iri tãs zmtne gstwgmêtgme (Amttmgszz, 7501/7558):
Te vxmqimxe itzxibmwze, é qymzew bifiw vswwíbir, i teje vixmksws, lefix yqe iwvégmi ji
zxezeqitzs vwmgeterízmgs iq qmtmezyxe. Wi e etármwi é mtmgmeje vswzixmsxqitzi, iq kixer
jiwgshxi-wi uyi lsxeq tigiwwáxmsw báxmsw qiwiw vexe gshxmx tsbeqitzi s qiwqs
zixxmzóxms. Tiwwew itzxibmwzew, s qéjmgs tãs iwzá zãs wikyxs uyetzs tyqe etármwi rstke,
qew, vsx syzxs rejs, iri ergetçe vxslytjsw mtwmknzw tyq kxetji túqixs ji gewsw, i mwzs,
ji erkyq qsjs, iuymrmhxe e idmkymjeji tyqéxmge ji wye idvixmêtgme eterízmge. Ermáw, iq
vwmuymezxme, yqe itzxibmwze ji jmektówzmgs wó é lxyzílixe wi lsx zeqhéq zixevêyzmge.
(Amttmgszz, 7582/6444, v. 691).
Ehixewzyxc (7526) zeqhéq xilixmy uyi jy xetzi s vxmqimxs gstzezs gsq e gxmetçe, te nsxe ji
psks jmektówzmge, vsjiq wix limzew shwixbeçõiw egixge ji wiyw gstlrmzsw háwmgsw i ji wyew
vxmtgmvemw jiliwew i letzewmew, s uyi vswwmhmrmze es zixeviyze zix yq vetsxeqe wshxi s wiy
lytgmsteqitzs qitzer. Tiwwi gstzidzs, ew vxmqimxew eçõiw je gxmetçe qswzxexmeq, emtje, wyew
letzewmew mtgstwgmitziw ji itlixqmjeji i ji gyxe.
Iwwi vszitgmer i iwwe xmuyife jew itzxibmwzew mtmgmemw é s uyi vixqmzi e shzitçãs ji ilimzsw
zixevêyzmgsw mqvsxzetziw i jyxejsyxsw qiwqs iq gstzezsw qymzs hxibiw gsq s vegmitzi, wipe iri
yqe gxmetçe, yq ejsriwgitzi sy yq ejyrzs. Vsx gstze jmwws, ew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew ji Amttmgszz
(7537/7528) xexeqitzi wi iwzitjmeq vsx qemw ji zxêw wiwwõiw. Ts VMSV, vsx wye bif, idmwzi qemsx
bexmehmrmjeji je jyxeçãs js vxsgiwws, uyi vsji mx ji jyew (Zxmtge, 6449) ezé 76 wiwwõiw (Veyrs,
6441), jivitjitjs jew gexegzixíwzmgew js gews i js qsjirs ji zxeherns uyi s vxslmwwmster ejsze.
Gehi jiwzegex, emtje, uyi, jyxetzi ew wiwwõiw ji VMSV, wi vxmsxmfe s yws ji zégtmgew gsq hewi te
ewwsgmeçãs rmbxi,qew mwws tãs mqviji e yzmrmfeçãs ji mtwzxyqitzsw vejxstmfejsw, gsqs ew iwgerew
vwmgsqézxmgew.
Iwwiw vxigijitziw wshxi sw gstzezsw mtmgmemw wyw zitzeq s yws ji ewwmtereqitzsw i ji
mtzixvxizeçõiw tew vxmqimxew wiwwõiw ji VMSV, ji egsxjs gsq euymrs uyi vyjiqsw gsqvxiitjix
js vegmitzi i, vxmtgmverqitzi, js uyi iri vsji wyvsxzex sybmx. Iqhsxe s vxsgiwws ji
vwmgsjmektów zmgs zxejmgmster zeqhéq eyzsxmfi mtzixbitçõiw ts mtzymzs ji jmqmtymx e etwmijeji
mtmgmer js vegmitzi i ji eydmrmá-rs ts iwzehirigmqitzs js bítgyrs gsq s vwmgórsks (Veyrs, 6441), s VM
bem eréq jiwwiw vxsvówmzsw, yqe bif uyi s qezixmer lsxtigmjs virs vegmitzi tiwwiw itgstzxsw
mtmgmemw pá jibi wix gsqvxiitjmjs i zxehernejs virs vwmgórsks gsq yqe lmtermjeji zixevêyzmge.
Uyetjs mwws tãs sgsxxi, s vegmitzi vsji jiwitbsrbix jiwgstlmetçe i mtjmwvswmçãs vexe zxefix
tsbew mtlsxqeçõiw, gstlsxqi shwixbejs vsx Amttmgszz (7501/7558) iq wyew gstwyrzew
zixevêyzmgew. Pá ts qsqitzs iq uyi wãs xiermfejew mtzixbitçõiw, qiwqs uyi mqvixlimzew, s
vegmitzi witzi uyi é bmwzs vsx erkyéq, sy wipe, uyi e wye tigiwwmjeji lsm xigstnigmje i ezitjmje
vsx syzxe viwwse uyi hywge gsqvxiitjê-rs i epyjá-rs (Hexhmixm, 6446).
Gsqs tew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew, s VMSV hywge eydmrmex s vegmitzi te irehsxeçãs js qezixmer
uyi wi qswzxe vxiwitzi vsx qims je zxetwlixêtgme jiwji sw vxmqimxsw gstzezsw. Rsks, e mtzitçãs
zetzs jew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew uyetzs js VMSV é e hywge je mtzikxeçãs ts wirl js vegmitzi (i te
vxiwitçe js vxslmwwmster) jew jmlmgyrjejiw, jsw wslxmqitzsw sy ji syzxsw ewvigzsw jmwwsgmejsw je
vixwstermjeji (Hexhmixm, 6446; Amttmgszz, 7506/7529, 7537/7528). Ewwmq, iq eqhsw sw qézsjsw, ew
mtzixbitçõiw uyi sgsxxiq es rstks ji zsjs s vxsgiwws mtlsxqeq i lsqitzeq yqe idvixmêtgme
zxetwlsxqejsxe vexe s vegmitzi vsx qims js bítgyrs gsq s vwmgórsks (Hexhmixm, 6474e).
Vexe Amttmgszz (7537/7528), ew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew wãs yq qézsjs ji zxezeqitzs ilmgef i
igstôqmgs, uyi wixbi zeqhéq vexe e mtbiwzmkeçãs jsw qigetmwqsw vxmqáxmsw js
jiwitbsrbmqitzs. Mwws egstzigi vsxuyi, jyxetzi iwwew gstwyrzew, s vxslmwwmster lebsxigi s
vxsgiwws ji mrywãs vsx qims ji wye vswzyxe ji gstlmehmrmjeji i ji vxibmwmhmrmjeji eqhmitzer (Jmew,
7555). Iwwe ezmzyji vixqmzi s iwzehirigmqitzs ji yq iwveçs vszitgmer sy zixgimxe áxie ji
idvixmêtgme itzxi s vxslmwwmster i s vegmitzi, te uyer wi jãs sw litôqitsw zxetwmgmstemw. É vsx iwwe
xefãs uyi wi zsxte vswwíbir ergetçex yqe gsqytmgeçãs eyzêtzmge itzxi s vwmgórsks i s vegmitzi.
Gehi zeqhéq jiwzegex uyi Amttmgszz (7501/7558) jiwgxibme s psks ji xehmwgsw gsqs yqe
iwvégmi ji zégtmge vxspizmbe uyi iqvxikebe vexe legmrmzex e gsqytmgeçãs gsq s vegmitzi jyxetzi e
xiermfeçãs jew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew. Js qiwqs qsjs, ts VMSV, ew zégtmgew vxspizmbew vxsqsbiq
e idvxiwwãs ji iriqitzsw qymzs vxslytjsw js vegmitzi, uyi vixqmziq s egiwws e gstziújsw
rezitziw ji wye vixwstermjeji (Etfmiy, 7522) i uyi, jiwwi qsjs, tsxzimeq ew eçõiw zixevêyzmgew
js vxslmwwmster.
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Tiwwi âqhmzs – i e jiwvimzs ji e gexegzixíwzmge vxmtgmver js VMSV wix e xiermfeçãs ji- 
mtzixbitçõiw es rstks jsw vxsgijmqitzsw ebermezmbsw –, iri zeqhéq xigstnigi sw ilimzsw
zixevêyzmgsw uyi vsjiq wyxkmx te evrmgeçãs gráwwmge jew zégtmgew vxspizmbew i uyi, vsxzetzs,
iwzexmeq mkyerqitzi vxiwitziw te ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge zxejmgmster. Iwwiw ilimzsw sgsxxiq iq
bmxzyji jew wsrmgmzeçõiw mtgstwgmitziw uyi sw iwzíqyrsw gsqvstitziw jiwwiw mtwzxyqitzsw lefiq
vexe s mtjmbíjys (sy wipe, idvxiwwex ji qetimxe mtjmxize i wmqhórmge, gsqs iq yq psks ji lef ji
gstze, e wye idvixmêtgme xirezmbe esw gstziújsw rezitziw uyi ibsgeq), i jsw qigetmwqsw
vwmgsrókmgsw uyi s shxmkeq e gsrsgex iq qexgne. Tiwwi witzmjs, e vxspiçãs i e xikxiwwãs sgyveq
yqe vswmçãs iwvigmer.
Jiwwi qsjs, uyetjs s vegmitzi xiwvstji e yqe zégtmge vxspizmbe, iri lef yws jiwwiw jsmw
qigetmwqsw, uyi vxsqsbiq yq lytgmsteqitzs qitzer qemw gstjmfitzi gsq s vxsgiwws vxmqáxms
ji vitweqitzs (Etfmiy, 7522), iqhsxe wiqvxi jitzxs jsw rmqmziw iwzxmzsw js wizzmtk vxsvswzs virs
vxslmwwmster. Gsq mwws, s vegmitzi ergetçe iwzákmsw ji jiwitbsrbmqitzs hewzetzi exgemgsw, iq uyi e
jilmtmçãs jew lxstzimxew js wirl mtjmbmjyer emtje tãs wi itgstzxe hiq iwzehirigmje; vsx
gstwiuyêtgme, e wivexeçãs itzxi qytjs mtzixts i idzixts tãs é lmxqiqitzi gstwsrmjeje. Jiwwe
lsxqe, e áxie ji wshxivswmçãs itzxi iwwiw jsmw qytjsw wi jmwzitji, vxsvsxgmstetjs yq iwveçs
vxmbmrikmejs vexe e eçãs jsw litôqitsw mrywóxmsw i zxetwmgmstemw (Amttmgszz, 7517/6444). Iq wyqe,
ew zégtmgew i sw qézsjsw vxspizmbsw vxivexeq s zixxits vexe uyi ew idvixmêtgmew ji mrywãs i ji
zxetwmgmstermjeji kixqmtiq.
Emirrs-Bemwhixk (7551) wywzitze yqe vswmçãs wiqirnetzi es elmxqex uyi sw vxsgijmqitzsw
vxspizmbsw vsjiq wix gsqvxiitjmjsw gsqs yq jmársks rújmgs, vsmw iriw, ewwmq gsqs s hxmtgex,
egstzigiq ts gstzidzs zxetwmgmster; rsks, iwwew jyew ezmbmjejiw zixmeq gsqs hewi sw vxsgiwwsw
mrywóxmsw i sw litôqitsw zxetwmgmstemw (Amttmgszz, 7517/6444). Legi e iwwew gstwmjixeçõiw, s
vwmgórsks zxehernexme, jyxetzi e evrmgeçãs ji zégtmgew vxspizmbew, tiwwe zixgimxe áxie, uyi vixqmzi
ezyermfex e xiermjeji vwíuymge iq yqe fste mtzixqijmá xme je idvixmêtgme (Amttmgszz, 7537/7531).
Tiwwi gstzidzs xikxiwwmbs uyi vswwmhmrmze e xizsqeje jew idvixmêtgmew ji mrywãs i
zxetwmgmstemw, sw iwzíqyrsw ji báxmsw mtwzxyqitzsw vxspi zmbsw, es shxmkex s mtjmbíjys e wi jivexex
gsq wmzyeçõiw, etkúwzmew i zexilew xilixitziw esw báxmsw iwzákmsw ji wiy jiwitbsrbmqitzs
iqsgmster, gstjyfiq-ts, ji gixze lsxqe, e xibmbix iwwew izevew. Ts gstzidzs je idvixmêtgme
mrywóxme, iwwe xibmbêtgme vswwmhmrmze es vegmitzi e xizsqeje ji wiy vxsgiwws ji qezyxeçãs
iqsgmster vsx qims je ezyermfeçãs ji wyew tigiwwmjejiw (Hexhmixm, 6446), te iwvixetçe ji xivexex
lixmjew etzmkew i ji xisxketmfex sw shpizsw mtzixtsw.
Eréq jmwws, gstwmjixetjs-wi uyi sw litôqitsw ji mrywãs i zxetwmgmstemw wãs sw vxigyxwsxiw
jew idvixmêtgmew wmqhórmgew, vsji-wi jmfix, vsx gstwikymtzi, uyi ew zégtmgew vxspizmbew zêq s
vszitgmer ji lsqitzex i ji egmstex e gevegmjeji ji wmqhsrmfeçãs js ideqmtetjs. Iwwi vxsgiwws
wixme gsqvriqitzejs virs VMSV tsw gewsw iq uyi zer gevegmjeji vixqetigi rezitzi ts vegmitzi;
tiwwew wmzyeçõiw, e mtzixbitçãs js ideqmtejsx, wipe ire bixher, kxálmge sy rújmge, vsji eydmrmex e
ezyermfeçãs jiwwe mqvsxzetzi gstuymwze iwzxyzyxer js mtjmbíjys.
Iq wyqe, e evrmgeçãs ji mtwzxyqitzsw i qézsjsw vxspizmbsw vsji wix zixevêyzmge iq wm,
xijytjetjs iq hitilígmsw mqvsxzetziw, zetzs iq zixqsw iwzxyzyxemw gsqs jmtâqmgsw je
vixwstermjeji js vegmitzi. Rsks, wi s vwmgsjmektówzmgs zxejmgmster vsji wix mtbsrytzexmeqitzi- 
zixevêyzm gs, s VM hywge wê-rs idvxiwweqitzi, es wi vxsvsx e idvrsxex e lytjs zsjew ew
vswwmhmrmjejiw uyi sw mtwzxyqitzsw vxspizmbsw slixigiq.
E GRÍTMGE I E VIWUYMWE JS VWMGSJMEKTÓWZMGS MTZIXBITZMBS
Ezé s vxiwitzi, ew viwuymwew uyi hywgexeq mtbiwzmkex sw ergetgiw i sw rmqmziw js VM gsqs
vxsgijmqitzs grítmgs xibirexeq uyi iwwe vxázmge vxsqsbi xiwyrzejsw zixevêyzmgsw mqvsxzetziw.
Gehi gmzex gsqs idiqvrs erkyqew jiwwew mtbiwzmkeçõiw, qew wiq uyeruyix vxizitwãs ji iwkszex
zsje e vxsjyçãs gmitzílmge e iwwi xiwvimzs.
Te ziwi ji jsyzsxejs “E leqírme i s vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqs xigyxwsw zixevêyzmgsw ts
zxezeqitzs jsw zxetwzsxtsw ji gstjyze mtletzmw” (Hexhmixm, 6446), vxsvywiqsw yq qézsjs
jmektówzmgs/vwmgszixávmgs ji ezitjmqitzs (VMSV) e smzs gxmetçew, uyi mtgryíe e evrmgeçãs- 
mtzixbitzmbe ji zégtmgew vxspizmbew i mqvrmgebe e vexzmgmveçãs je leqírme ts vxsgiwws. E vexzmx jiwwi
zxeherns, vôji-wi gstgrymx uyi ew gmtgs gxmetçew uyi evxiwitzexeq hstw xiwyrzejsw zixevêyzmgsw
jmwvytneq ji yqe vxé-sxketmfeçãs tiyxózmge ji vixwstermjeji i qswzxebeq gsqvxsqizmqitzsw
ribiw sy qsjixejsw tew lytçõiw iksmgew jsw xiregmsteqitzsw mtzixviwwsemw i js gstzxsri
vyrwmster, wikytjs sw xiwyrzejsw js Ziwzi ji Xsxwgnegn. Ts uyi wi xilixi à gevegmjeji jsw
kitmzsxiw vexe eydmrmex wiyw lmrnsw ts vxsgiwws ji VM, gstwzezeqsw uyi, vexe ew qãiw, tãs nsybi
jmlixitçe itzxi jmwvsx ji yqe sxketmfeçãs tiyxózmge sy hsxjixrmti je vixwstermjeji. Pá ts gews
jsw vemw, sw hstw xiwyrzejsw jsw lmrnsw iwzmbixeq xiregmstejswà vxiwitçe ji sxjiteqitzs
tiyxózmgs vsx vexzi js kitmzsx. Vexe vemw i qãiw, e eywêtgme ji vxipyífsw wibixsw tsw
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xiregmsteqitzsw mtzixviwwsemw i ts gstzxsri vyrwmster iwzibi mkyerqitzi ezxireje es qemsx
hitilígms je gxmetçe ts VMSV i, ts gews jsw vemw (qew tãs ts jew qãiw), yq Ziwzi je Xiermjeji
qsjixejeqitzi vxiwixbejs qswzxsy-wi qemw gsqvezíbir gsq sw hstw xiwyrzejsw js lmrns. Zexjmbs
(6443), iq wiyw iwzyjsw, gsqvexzmrnsy jiwwe qiwqe gstgrywãs kixer, itlezmfetjs mkyerqitzi e
tigiwwmjeji ji vxsvsxgmstex yq iwveçs ji iwgyze vexe e leqírme js vegmitzi.
Zxmtge (6449) zeqhéq wi mtzixiwwsy vsx iwwi qézsjs ji zxeherns, iwzyjetjs sw wiyw ilimzsw
wshxi 71 gxmetçew iq qsqitzsw ji vxé-gmxyxkme. Vexe mwws, ire yzmrmfsy s Vxsgijmqitzs ji
Jiwitnsw-Nmwzóxmew (J-I), jiwitbsrbmjs vsx Zxmtge (7528) gsqs yq mtwzxyqitzs ji mtzixqijmeçãs
zixevêyzmge ehxibmejs ts ezitjmqitzs jiwwew gxmetçew. Sw xiwyrzejsw mtjmgexeq uyi s J-I
lsxtigiy es vxslmwwmster wyhwíjmsw vexe epyjex iwwiw viuyitsw vegmitziw e irehsxex vexzi ji wiyw
gstlrmzsw i etkúwzmew te wmzyeçãs ji gxmwi vxé-gmxúxkmge.
Iq ziwi ji jsyzsxejs mtzmzyreje “E mtlryêt gme jew mtbewõiw eqhmitzemw tsw wmtzsqew ji
etwmijeji mtletzmr: yqe idvixmêtgme ji Vwmgsjmektówzmgs Mtzixbitzmbs” (Nigo, 6478), iwzyjeqsw wimw
gxmetçew itzxi 0 i 77 etsw ji mjeji uyi evxiwitzebeq wmtzsqew ji etwmijeji i wiyw vemw.
Xiermfeqsw wiwwõiw rújmgew gsq ew gxmetçew, evrmgeçãs js Ziwzi Tãs Bixher ji Mtzirmkêtgme-X6, je
iwgere Wvitgi Gnmrjxit’w Etdmizc Wgeri – WGEW-GXMETÇE, js Vxsgijmqitzs ji Jiwitnsw-Iwzóxmew (J-
I) i js Ziwzi ji Evixgivçãs Mtletzmr gsq lmkyxew ji etmqemw, GEZ-E. Es rstks jsw itgstzxsw gsq ew
gxmetçew, qijmejsw virsw mtwzxyqitzsw vxspizmbsw, lsxeq xiermfejew shwixbeçõiw, ewwmtereqitzsw i
mtzixvxizeçõiw. Zeqhéq lsm evrmgejs s Ziwzi ji Xsxwgnegn i erkytw gexzõiw js GEZ-E tsw vemw, ji
qsjs e mtbiwzmkex gsqs iriw bmbmeq e idvi xmêtgme je vexitzermjeji, gstlsxqi vxsvswzs iq iwzyjs
etzixmsx jiwitbsrbmjs vsx tów (Hexhmixm, 6471). Iwwiw mtwzxyqitzsw i vxsgijmqitzsw lsxeq
ebermejsw ji lsxqe jmtâqmge, vsx qims js qézsjs je rmbxi mtwviçãs js qezixmer ( Zxmtge, 7528),
zitjs gsqs vets ji lytjs e zisxme vwmgeterízmge. Sw xiwyrzejsw qswzxexeq uyi zsjew ew gxmetçew
zmbixeq idvixmêtgmew mtmgmemw gsq yq eqhmitzi uyi tãs wi qswzxsy wylmgmitziqitzi hsq vexe
vxsbix wyew tigiwwmjejiw elizmbew. Uyetzs esw vemw, zeqhéq evxiwitzexeq jmlmgyrjejiw ts
xiregmsteqitzs gsq sw vxóvxmsw kitmzsxiw, idvixmêtgmew uyi mqvegzexeq tikezmbeqitzi te
lsxqeçãs ji wyew lmkyxew qezixte i vezixte; zemw vxipyífsw sw mqvijmeq ji slixigix yq hsq
egsrnmqitzs i ezitjmqitzs àw tigiwwmjejiw elizmbew jsw lmrnsw. Ew lernew háwmgew wslxmjew virew
gxmetçew iq zixqsw iwzxyzyxemw, vsx vexzi js eqhmitzi leqmrmex, itkitjxexeq yqe rmkeçãs vsygs
gstwmwzitzi itzxi vwmuyi i wsqe. E lxekmrmjeji jiwwe gstidãs gyrqmtebe iq yq witzmqitzs ji
jiwvixwstermfeçãs (Amttmgszz, 6444/7582), gsq e gsxxiwvstjitzi etwmijeji xirezmbe à witweçãs ji
uyi s gitzxs ji kxebmjeji js mtjmbíjys nebme wmjs zxetwlixmjs js gixti vexe e gewge; s xiwyrzejs lsm
e ijmlmgeçãs ji yqe vixwstermjeji lerws wirl vexe vxszikix s wirl bixjejimxs. E qemsxme jew gxmetçew
zsxtsy-wi, ewwmq, wyhqmwwe es syzxs, iq yqe hywge mtgiwwetzi vexe ekxejá-rs i tãs vixjix s wiy
elizs. Jyxetzi s vxsgiwws ji VM, tsw itgstzxsw gsq ew gxmetçew i gsq sw vemw, iriw lsxeq wi- 
qswzxetjs geje bif qemw wikyxsw, gstlmetziw i egimzsw, qiwqs es jiqstwzxexiq witzmqitzsw
nswzmw i ekxiwwmbsw. S lsxtigmqitzs ji nsrjmtk i e idvixmêtgme ji yq eqhmitzi wylmgmitziqitzi
hsq, ermejsw àw mtzixbitçõiw xiermfejew jyxetzi s vxsgiwws ebermezmbs/zixevêyzmgs, vixqmzmxeq uyi
ew gxmetçew evxslytjewwiq s gstzezs gstwmks qiwqew i gstnigiwwiq wyew tigiwwmjejiw i
jiwipsw, vsjitjs idvxiwwá-rsw wiq qijs ji wslxix xizermeçãs sy ji vixjix s shpizs eqejs.
Veyrs (6441), vsx wye bif, yzmrmfsy s VM gsq ejyrzsw. Ire irehsxsy yqe lsxqe ji ezitjmqitzs
hxibi uyi mtgryíe s yws ji zégtmgew vxspizmbew, gsqs s Uyiwzmstáxms Jiwmjixezmbs i s Ziwzi ji
Xireçõiw Shpizemw ji Vnmrrmvwst. Iwwe vxsvsw ze ebermezmbs/zixevêyzmge lsm evrmgeje e uyezxs vegmitziw
gsq jmektówzmgs ji jivxiwwãs ji bexmejsw zmvsw, qew wiq wmtzsqew vwmgózmgsw. Ew mtzixbitçõiw
lsxeq xiermfejew te wiwwãs wikymtzi àw evrmgeçõiw jiwwiw mtwzxyqitzsw, ts qsqitzs jiwzmtejs à
jibsryçãs ji mtlsxqeçõiw. Wiyw xiwyrzejsw jiqstwzxexeq uyi, es lmter js vxsgiw ws, nsybi yqe
xisxketmfeçãs je vixwstermjeji jsw vegmitziw, vswwmhmrmzeje vire mtzikxeçãs ji ewvigzsw gmtjmjsw
js iks. Zeqhéq wi gstwzezsy uyi, vsx qims je evrmgeçãs js Mtbitzáxms Higo ji Jivxiwwãs (HJM)
etziw i evów s VMSV, nsybi qirnsxe wmktmlmgezmbe tsw wmtzsqew jivxiwwmbsw jiwwew viwwsew. Jmetzi
jmwws, gstgrymy uyi s VMSV wi qswzxsy ilmgef gsqs vxsvswze ji ezitjmqitzs e vegmitziw ejyrzsw
gsq jivxiwwãs.
Qmwnmqe (6477) zeqhéq xiermfsy s VMSV iq ejyrzsw, iq qyrnixiw gsq shiwmjeji kxey MM. Ire
evrmgsy s Vxsgijmqitzs js Jiwitns je Lmkyxe Nyqete (ts mtígms i ts lmq js vxsgiwws), e
itzxibmwze wiqmiwzxyzyxeje i s Vxsgijmqitzs ji Jiwitnsw-Iwzóxmew tiwwew vegmitziw, gstgrymtjs
uyi sw itgstzxsw vixqmzmxeq uyi irew wi witzmwwiq wikyxew, gstlmetziw i egimzew. Qijmetzi s
lsxtigmqitzs ji nsrjmtk i ji syzxew mtzixbitçõiw, irew vyjixeq evxslytjex s gstzezs gstwmks
qiwqew, gstnigitjs qirnsx wyew tigiwwmjejiw i wiyw jiwipsw. Gsq mwws, s ezs ji gsqix ketnsy
witzmjs i, gsq e mqvriqitzeçãs ji wye gevegmjeji wmqhórmge, iwwew qyrnixiw vyjixeq lefix yws
jiwwe wmktmlmgeçãs iq wye bmje viwwser, wiq zix ji vixqetigix ezxirejew es ermqitzs gstgxizs.
Gsq xireçãs à yzmrmfeçãs js VM te zixgimxe mjeji, jiwzege-wi s zxeherns ji Kmr (6474), mtzmzyrejs
“Xigsxjeçãs i zxetwmgmstermjeji: e slmgmte ji gexzew, lszskxelmew i riqhxetçew gsqs mtzixbitçãs
vwmgszixevêyzmge kxyver gsq mjswsw”. E eyzsxe lif yws ji mtwzxyqitzsw gsqs s Mtbitzáxms ji
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Uyermjeji ji Bmje – Lsxqe Hxibi, s Mtbitzáxms Higo ji Jivxiwwãs (HJM) i s Ziwzi ji Evixgivçãs
Ziqázmge vexe Mjswsw, gstgrymtjs uyi nsybi wmktmlmgezmbe qirnsxe jsw wmtzsqew jivxiwwmbsw i je
uyermjeji ji bmje jsw vexzmgmvetziw evów e xiermfeçãs ji mtzixbitçõiw. Ire xilixmy zeqhéq uyi s
vxsgiwws lebsxigiy qemsx mtzikxeçãs i vswwmhmrmjeji ji xigsxjeçãs weyjábir, egexxizetjs, ewwmq,
bmbêtgmew ji gxiwgmqitzs iqsgmster jsw mjswsw uyi gsqvytneq s kxyvs iwzyjejs.
Iwwew viwuymwew xibireq uyi s yws wmqyrzâtis je ebermeçãs i je mtzixbitçãs vxsvsxgmste
ketnsw zixevêyzmgsw iq jmlixitziw mjejiw. Iwwiw xiwyrzejsw vxsqmwwsxiw ribexeq i bêq ribetjs s
VM e ketnex iwveçs ts geqvs je vwmgsrskme, ji qsjs e wi zsxtex shpizs ji jmbixwsw syzxsw iwzyjsw
jibmjs es wiy vszitgmer i à wye yzmrmjeji grítmge (Etjxeji & Qmxetje, 6476; Reffexm & Wgnqmjz,
6442; Ristgms, 6445; Xmhimxs, 6443; Zexjmbs, 6443). Ts iwzejs ezyer ji tswws gstnigmqitzs, s VMSV
ziq wi qswzxejs qemw ilmgef tsw gewsw iq uyi tãs idmwzeq gsqvxsqizmqitzsw vwmgózmgsw wibixsw
i iq uyi wi zitne ejuymxmjs, sy vxiwixbejs, yq tíbir xefsábir je gevegmjeji ji wmqhsrmfeçãs, uyi
vixqmze e ehsxjekiq jsw mtwzxyqitzsw ji ebermeçãs ji lsxqe rújmge, sy wipe, gevef ji hxmtgex ji
lef ji gstze.
Emtje, vexe eréq je vxázmge grítmge, s VMSV ziq wmjs gstwmjixejs, qemw xigitziqitzi, yq
qézsjs ji mtbiwzmkeçãs te viwuymwe gmitzílmge (Hexhmixm, 6442, 6474e, 6474h). Tiwwi gews, mtwixi-wi
te vixwvigzmbe ji mtbiwzmkeçãs uyermzezmbe, xiwvimzetjs s gexázix mtzixezmbs js vxsgiwws ji
vxsjyçãs js gstnigmqitzs. Iq syzxew verebxew, ji egsxjs gsq iwwi vexejmkqe gmitzílmgs, ewwyqi
uyi ew xireçõiw itzxi viwuymwejsx i viwuymwejs wãs e vxmtgmver gstjmçãs vexe s jiwitbsrbmqitzs
jew viwuymwew tew gmêtgmew nyqetew: “E gstwmjixeçãs je tezyxife mtzixezmbe jsw vxsgiwwsw ji
vxsjyçãs js gstnigmqitzs mqvrmge gsqvxiitjê-rs gsqs vxsgiwws uyi ewwmqmre sw mqvxibmwzsw ji
zsjs s wmwziqe ji gsqytmgeçãs nyqete i uyi, mtgrywmbi, yzmrmfe iwwiw mqvxibmwzsw gsqs wmzyeçõiw
wmktmlmgezmbew vexe s gstnigmqitzs” (Kstfárif-Xic, 6444, v. 98).
Te vixwvigzmbe ji mtbiwzmkeçãs uyermzezmbe, s VMSV, gsqs pá wi vsjixme etzibix iq lytçãs ji
wiy xilixitgmer zióxmgs, lef vexzi jew viwuymwew wywzitzejew virs qézsjs i vire ivmwziqsrskme
vwmgeterízmgsw,uyi gstjmf gsq yqe vxsjyçãs js gstnigmqitzs iq uyi ná êtlewi te mtzixvxizeçãs
i te wmtkyrexmjeji (Kstfárif-Xic, 6446). Tiwwiw zixqsw, s VMSV mtwgxibi-wi ts rikejs lxiyjmets
vexe e gmêtgme, sy wipe, gstwmwzi iq yq qézsjs mtzixvxizezmbs vexe e gstwzxyçãs js gstnigmqitzs
vsx qims je xireçãs zixeviyze-vegmitzi, uyi ehxetki, es qiwqs ziqvs, e grítmge i e viwuymwe, sy
wipe, e mtbiwzmkeçãs i e mtzixbitçãs. Iq wiy exzmks Jsmw bixhiziw ji itgmgrsvéjme, Lxiyj (7569/7550)
vswzyrsy uyi e vwmgetármwi, eréq ji yqe zisxme wshxi sw lezsw vwíuymgsw, wixme “. . . yq
vxsgijmqitzs vexe e mtbiwzmkeçãs ji vxsgiwwsw qitzemw . . . [i] yq qézsjs vexe s zxezeqitzs ji
jmwzúxhmsw tiyxózmgsw . . .” (Lxiyj, 7569/7550, v. 619). S qézsjs vwmgeterízmgs gxmejs vsx Lxiyj
gexegzixmfe-wi vsx jsmw vxsgiwwsw gsqvriqitzexiw: e rmbxi ewwsgmeçãs js vegmitzi i e ezitçãs
lryzyetzi js zixeviyze. Tiwwi qézsjs, e ezitçãs iwzá bsrzeje vexe s geqvs idvixmitgmer nyqets,
iq wyew jmqitwõiw gstwgmitzi i mtgstwgmitzi (Emirrs-Bemwhixk, 6448), iq wmtzstme iwzximze gsq sw
shpizmbsw i ew gexegzixíwzmgew js VMSV i gsq sw vxsgijmqitzsw vxspizmbsw uyi jiri lefiq vexzi.
Vexe Hexhmixm (6474h), tiwwi gstzidzs je mtbiwzmkeçãs vwmgeterízmge, sw vxiwwyvswzsw je zisxme i je
grítmge amttmgszzmete wãs vexzmgyrexqitzi mtzixiwwetziw vexe wyhwmjmex s VMSV, qetzitjs wye
gsixêtgme qizsjsrókmge i ivmwziqsrókmge. Mwws egstzigi vsxuyi iriw wi nexqstmfeq gsq e hewi
iwwitgmer je viwuymwe grítmge vwmgeterízmge i uyermzezmbe ji uyi s mqvsxzetzi tiwwe wmzyeçãs é s
itgstzxs itzxi zixeviyze i vegmitzi i s lebsxigmqitzs ji yqe gsqytmgeçãs iqsgmster
wmktmlmgezmbe. Ewwmq, s bersx gmitzílmgs js vxsgiwws js VMSV iwzexme xiwverjejs vsx iwwe gsixêtgme ji
vxmtgívmsw gsq ew ehsxjekitw uyermzezmbe i grítmge ji mtbiwzmkeçãs.
GSTWMJIXEÇÕIW LMTEMW
Iwzi gevízyrs shpizmbsy slixigix es rimzsx yq vetsxeqe egixge jsw vxmtgmvemw gstgimzsw uyi
wyhwmjmeq s VMSV, hiq gsqs mtzxsjyfm-rs ts geqvs jew viwuymwew xiermfejew e xiwvimzs jiwwi
vxsgiwws ji mtbiwzmkeçãs i mtzixbitçãs sy xiermfejew vsx qims ji wye yzmrmfeçãs. S gevízyrs
zeqhéq evxiwitze s VMSV gsqs yq qézsjs ji mtbiwzmkeçãs gmitzílmge, uyi mtgrym e wmqyrzetimjeji
itzxi gsrize i etármwi ji jejsw, irehsxeçãs ji gstnigmqitzs ejbmtje js xiregmsteqitzs itzxi
wypimzs (vegmitzi) i viwuymwejsx (vxslmwwmster), i iq uyi ná e vxmqefme js vxsgiwws wshxi e zégtmge
(Hexhmixm, 6442) – sy wipe, s vitweqitzs grítmgs é vxmsxmzáxms. Tiwwi âqhmzs, s VMSV itgstzxe ew
wyew lstziw ts vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqvxiitwmbs (Zxmtge, 7528) i tew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew
(Amttmgszz, 7537/7528).
E vexzmx ji wyew lytjeqitzeçõiw, gsqvxiit ji uyi geje itgstzxs itzxi vwmgórsks i vegmitzi
é yq qsqitzs útmgs, vixqiejs vsx yqe gsqytmgeçãs iq tíbir bixher i vxé-bixher, gstwgmitzi i
mtgstwgmitzi. Tiwwi witzmjs, uyetjs s vxslmwwmster é gevef ji lsxtigix wywzitzeçãs i, ewwmq,
qswzxex-wi bixjejimxeqitzi jmwvstíbir es vegmitzi, iwzi vsji xibirex-wi wiq xigiex wix mtbejmjs.
Iwwe wmzyeçãs vsji kixex ilimzsw qyzezmbsw, vxsvsxgmstetjs yq qsbmqitzs ji bmje eyzêtzmgs i
iwvstzâtis, idvxiwwãs je wmtkyrexmjeji js vegmitzi. Jiwwe qetimxe, s shpizmbs vxmtgmver js VMSV é
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qemw lebsxigix e sgsxxêtgme ji idvixmêtgmew uyi vxsvmgmiq es vegmitzi svsxzytmjejiw vexe
itgstzxex yq witzmjs viwwser vexe e wye idmwzêtgme (Emirrs-Bemwhixk, 6448) js uyi wyvxmqmx
wmtzsqew vwmgsvezsrókmgsw; iwziw vsjiq, wmq, wi jmwwmvex, qew gsqs gstwiuyêtgme ji tãs wix qemw
tigiwwáxms itbmá-rsw gsqs wmtemw ji wsgsxxs.
S VMSV é yqe qsjermjeji iwvigílmge ji ebermeçãs grítmge mtzixbitzmbe hxibi uyi yzmrmfe zégtmgew
vxspizmbew vexe egiwwex i vxiwitzmlmgex ji qetimxe gstjitweje (Etfmiy, 7522) sw ewvigzsw tsjemw
mtgstwgmitziw je vixwstermjeji js vegmitzi uyi rni sgewmsteq wslxmqitzs (Zxmtge, 7528). Gsqs s
vxslmwwmster é vexzi mtzikxetzi js vxsgiwws, e uyermjeji js wiy qytjs qitzer zeqhéq jibi wix
shpizs ji ezitçãs. S vwmgórsks jibi wix gevef ji xiwvimzex s xmzqs ji geje vegmitzi wiq geywex
yqe “mtbewãs eqhmitzer” vsx qims ji mtzixvxizeçõiw uyi iri emtje tãs ziq gstjmçõiw ji xigihix.
Ew mtzixbitçõiw jibiq, vsxzetzs, wikymx s qiwqs xmzqs je evxiwitzeçãs jsw shpizsw, gstlsxqi
vxigstmfe Amttmgszz (7517/6444), sy wipe, jibiq wix slixigmjew ts iwveçs i ts qsqitzs idezs iq
uyi s vegmitzi iwzipe vxstzs ve xe xigihê-rew, ji qsjs e gstlmkyxex e idvixmêt gme je mrywãs. Tiwwi
vxsgiwws, ew zégtmgew vxspizm bew lytgmstexmeq gsqs qijmejsxiw je gsqytm geçãs, lefitjs lrymx
ewvigzsw mqvsxzetziw je wyhpizmbmjeji js ideqmtetjs. Kyexjejew ew gstjmçõiw ji xiwvimzs esw
xigyxwsw i es xmzqs js vegmitzi vsx vexzi js vxslmwwmster, euyiri vsji ejevzex-wi s iwzíqyrs js
ziwzi vexe zxetwqmzmx s uyi jiwipe, e jiwvimzs js gstziújs rezitzi e uyi s iwzíqyrs jibixme
sxmkmterqitzi xiqizix. Vsxzetzs, e tãs ehsxjekiq js gstziújs vxibmwzs virs iwzíqyrs js ziwzi
tãs wmktmlmge tigiwwexmeqitzi e wye jmwzsxçãs sy e lyke js ziqe xigshixzs vsx iri. S eydírms vexe s
eríbms je jsx vwíuymge egstzigi, itzãs, vsx qims ji mtzixbitçõiw jyxetzi itzxibmwzew, evrmgeçõiw ji
zégtmgew i qézsjsw vxspizmbsw, sy, emtje, te itzxibmwze ji jibsryçãs ji mtlsxqeçãs, hywgetjs-wi
wiqvxi wyvixex ew jmwwsgmeçõiw xyqs e vxsgiwwsw mtzikxezmbsw.
Eviwex ji zsjew ew wyew hsew uyermjejiw, é mqvsxzetzi wermitzex uyi s VMSV tãs erqipe
wyhwzmzymx yqe vwmgszixevme idzitwe. Wiy shpizmbs é wmqvriwqitzi xiqsbix js geqmtns js
mtjmbíjys s lsgs uyi hrsuyime s wiy vxsgiwws ji eqejyxigmqitzs iqsgmster i uyi gsqvxsqizi e
idvxiwwãs js wirl, wiq tigiwwmjeji ji evxslytjeqitzs je etármwi je zxetwlixêtgme, gsqs
egstzigi te vwmgszixevme vwmgeterízmge iq kixer, rstke sy hxibi. Zxeze-wi, tsw jmfixiw ji Amttmgszz,
ji wyhwzmzymx e vixkytze je vwmgszixevme – “uyetzs wi jibi lefix?” – vire jew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew
– “uyer é s qítmqs tigiwwáxms e wix limzs?” (Amttmgszz, 7506/7529).
Iq xefãs ji wiyw xiwyrzejsw vxsqmwwsxiw ts Hxewmr, e jmlywãs jiwwi qézsjs ji ebermeçãs i
mtzixbitçãs jibi wix itgsxepeje, hiq gsqs viwuymwew e wiy xiwvimzs. Tswwe iwvixetçe é uyi iw zi
gevízyrs, iq uyi zitgmsteqsw evxiwitzex ew gexegzixíwzmgew iwwitgmemw i sw lytjeqitzsw js VMSV,
mtgitzmbi iwzyjetziw i vxslmwwmstemw je vwmgsrskme e vxswwikymx tswwsw iwlsxçsw te gsqvxiitwãs i
ts evixlimçseqitzs jiwwi lxyzílixs qézsjs. Ewwmq, gstbmjeqsw euyiriw uyi wi mtzixiwwexiq i
uymwixiq mx qemw rstki, evxslytjetjs s wiy gstnigmqitzs tiwwi vxsgijmqitzs grítmgs, e hywgex
ew xilixêtgmew xiregmstejew e wikymx, uyi lsxtigiq hewiw zióxmgew, qizsjsrókmgew i vxázmgew
mqvsxzetziw vexe uyiq uymwix zxmrnex s geqmtns uyi tów zxmrneqsw.
XILIXÊTGMEW
Ehixewzyxc. E. (7526). Vwmgetármwi ji gxmetçe: Zisxme i zégtmge. Vsxzs Erikxi: Exzqij.
Emirrs-Bemwhixk, Z. Q. P. (7551). S yws ji vxsgijmqitzsw vxspizmbsw te viwuymwe ji xivxiwitzeçõiw wsgmemw: Vxspiçãs i zxetwmgm
stermjeji. Vwmgsrskme YWV, 0(6), 749-763.Emirrs-Bemwhixk, Z. Q. P. (7555). Itgstzxs gsq e rsygyxe: Zxetwmgmstermjeji i itwmts ji vw
mgsvezsrskme (Ziwi ji rmbxi jsgêtgme, Ytmbixwmjeji ji Wãs Veyrs, Wãs Veyrs).
Emirrs-Bemwhixk, Z. Q. P. (6448). Wix i lefix: Ituyejxiw jmlixitgmejsw te grítmge Amttmgszzmete . Evexigmje: Mjimew i Rizxew.
Etgste-Rsvif, Q. (7528). Gstzidzs kixer js jmektówzmgs vwmgsrókmgs. Mt A. Zxmtge (Sxk.), Jmektówzmgs vwmgsrókmgs: E vxázmge grítmg
e. Wãs Veyrs: IVY.
Etgste-Rsvif, Q. (Sxk.). (7551). Vwmgsjmektówzmgs: Vxsgiwws ji mtzixbitçãs. Wãs Veyrs: Gsxzif.
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e vexzmx ji yq gews grítmgs. Xibmwze Oerimjswgóvms, 9, 15-30.
Etfmiy, J. (7522). Sw qézsjsw vxspizmbsw. Xms ji Petimxs: Geqvyw.
Exfits, Q. I. K. (7551). Vwmgsjmektówzmgs grítmgs: Tsbew gstzxmhymçõiw. Vsxzs Erikxi: Exzqij.
Hexhmixm, B. (6446). E leqírme i s vwmgsjmektówzmgs gsqs xigyxwsw zixevêyzmgsw ts zxezeqitzs jsw zxetwzsxtsw ji gstjyze mtletzmw (Z
iwi ji jsyzsxejs, Ytmbixwmjeji ji Wãs Veyrs, Wãs Veyrs).
Hexhmixm, B. (6442). Vsx yqe gmêtgme-vxslmwwãs: S vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzixbitzmbs gsqs qézsjs ji mtbiwzmkeçãs gmitzílmge. Vwmgsr
skme iq Iwzyjs, 79(9), 131-128.
Hexhmixm, B. (6474e). Vwmgsjmektówzmgs zxejmgmster i mtzixbitzmbs:Gstlxstzs ji vexejmkqew? Vwmgsrskme: Zisxme i Viwuymwe, 60(9),
141-179.
Hexhmixm, B. (6474h). S vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzixbitzmbs vwmgeterízmgs te viwuymwe egejêqmge: Lytjeqitzsw zióxmgsw, gmitzílmgsw
i ézmgsw. Hsrizmq ji Vwmgsrskme, 15(797), 645-666.
Hirreo, R. (7538). Zni ZEZ, GEZ etj WEZ mt grmtmger ywi. Tia Csxo: Kxyti & Wzxezzst.
http://site.cfp.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Cartilha-Avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Psicol%C3%B3gica.pdf
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Gstwirns Lijixer ji Vwmgsrskme (GLV). (6443). Gexzmrne wshxi ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge. Hxewírme: GLV. Xigyvixejs ji nzzv://wmzi.glv.
sxk.hx/av-gstzitz/yvrsejw/6479/41/Gexzmrne-Eberme%G9%E3%G9%E9s-Vwmgsr%G9%H9kmge.vjl
Gytne, P. E. (6444). Vwmgsjmektówzmgs B (1. ij.). Vsxzs Erikxi: Exzqij.
Jmew, I. S. (7555). Wshxi e gstlmehmrmjeji: Jigsxxêtgmew vexe e vxázmge grítmge. Tezyxife Nyqete, 7(6), 629-966.
Lmtt, W. I. (7550). Ewwiwwqitz liijhego mtzikxezmtk QQVM-6 etj Xsxwgnegn lmtjmtkw. Psyxter sl Vixwstermzc Ewwiwwqitz, 03, 189-
113.
Lmtt, W. I., & Zstwekix, Q. (7553). Mtlsxqezmst-keznixmtk etj znixeviyzmg qsjirw sl ewwiwwqitz: Gsqvriqitzexc vexejmkqw. 
Vwcgnsrskmger Ewwiwwqitz, 8, 938-921.
Lmwgnix, G. Z. (7535). Mtjmbmjyermfij ewwiwwqitz etj vnitsqitsrskmger Vwcgnsrskc. Psyxter sl Vixwstermzc Ewwiwwqitz, 89(6), 77
1-766.
Lxiyj, W. (7550). Ijmçãs wzetjexj hxewmrimxe jew shxew vwmgsrókmgew gsqvrizew ji Wmkqytj Lxiyj (Bsr. 62). Xms ji Petimxs: Mqeks.
Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7569.
Lxmijitzner, N. (7530). Mtzixxskezóxms, ziwzi ji rmqmziw c wiñereqmitzsw it ir ziwz ji xiregmstiw shpizeriw. Mt X. L. ji Bixznircm
(Sxk.), Ir ziwz ji xiregmstiw shpizeriw ji N. Vnmrrmvwst. Hyitsw Emxiw: Tyibe Bmwmst.
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gsq mjswsw (Ziwi ji jsyzsxejs, Ytmbixwmjeji ji Wãs Veyrs, Wãs Veyrs).
Kstfárif-Xic, L. R. (6446). Viwuymwe uyermzezmbe iq vwmgsrskme: Geqmtnsw i jiwelmsw. Wãs Veyrs: Vmstimxe Znsqwst Riextmtk.
Nigo, B. (6478). E mtlryêtgme jew mtbewõiw eqhmitzemw tsw wmtzsqew ji etwmijeji mtletzmr: Yqe idvixmêtgme ji vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzix
bitzmbs (Ziwi ji jsyzsxejs, Ytmbixwmjeji Lijixer js Xms Kxetji js Wyr, Vsxzs Erikxi).
Nyzf, G. (Sxk.). (6445). Ebetçsw i vsrêqmgew iq ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge. Wãs Veyrs: Gewe js Vwmgórsks.
Reffexm, A. Q. P., & Wgnqmjz, H. I. (6442). Vixgivçãs jsw vemw iq xireçãs e qyjetçew evów s vxsgiwws vwmgsjmektówzmgs. Eberm
eçãs Vwmgsrókmge, 3(6), 677-667.
Ristgms, A. E. E. (6445). Gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew ji gxmetçew ehxmkejew i wiyw vemw: Yqe mtbiwzmkeçãs jsw bítgyrsw leqmrmexiw (Ziwi
ji jsyzsxejs, Ytmbixwmjeji ji Wãs Veyrs, Wãs Veyrs).
Qmwnmqe, L. O. Z. (6477). Shiwmjeji liqmtmte: Gstwmjixeçõiw e vexzmx js vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzixbitzmbs (Ziwi ji jsyzsxejs, Ytmbix
wmjeji ji Wãs Veyrs, Wãs Veyrs).
Sgeqvs, Q. R. W., Exfits, Q. I. K., & Vmggsrs, I. K. (7520). S vxsgiwws vwmgsjmektówzmgs i ew zégtmgew vxspizmbew. Wãs Veyrs: Qexzm
tw Lstziw.
Veyrs, Q. R. R. ji. (6441). Jivxiwwãs i vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzixbitzmbs: Vxsvswze ji ezitjmqitzs. Wãs Veyrs: Bizsx.
Vxmqm, X., Qytmf, Q., & Tytiw, G. (6445). Jilmtmçõiw gsqziqvsxâtiew ji bermjeji ji ziwziw vwmgsrókmgsw. Mt G. Nyzf (Sxk.), Ebe
tçsw i vsrêqmgew iq ebermeçãs vwmgsrókmge. Wãs Veyrs: Gewe js Vwmgórsks.
Xmhimxs, J. V. ji W. E. (6443). Zxetwmgmstermjeji i s yws js vxsgijmqitzs ji jiwitnsw-nmwzóxmew gsq ziqe tew vxmqimxew itzxibmwzew
grítmgew. (Ziwi ji jsyzsxejs, Vstzmlígme Ytmbixwmjeji Gezórmge ji Geqvmtew, Geqvmtew).
Zexjmbs, R. W. V. G. (6440). S ezitjmqitzs iq vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzixbitzmbs te grítmge-iwgsre: S itgstzxs itzxi sw vegmitziw,
sw zixeviyzew i sw iwzyjetziw ji vwmgsrskme. Mt T. E. Wmrbe Tizs, & J. Q. Eqvexs (Sxkw.), Qézsjsw vxspizmbsw: Mtwzxyqitzsw ezyem
w vexe e mtbiwzmkeçãs vwmgsrókmge i je gyrzyxe. Hxewírme: EWHXS.
Zexjmbs, R. W. V. G. (6443). Vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzixbitzmbs: Yqe vxsvswze ji itwmts iq ezitjmqitzs grítmgs. Qyjetçew: Vwmgsrsk
me je Weúji, 71(6), 762-798.
Zxmtge, E. Q. Z. (6449). E mtzixbitçãs zixevêyzmge hxibi i e vxé-gmxyxkme mtletzmr: S vxsgijmqitzs ji jiwitnsw-nmwzóxmew gsqs mtwzxy
qitzs ji mtzixqijmeçãs zixevêyzmge. Wãs Veyrs: Bizsx.
Zxmtge, A. (7528). Jmektówzmgs vwmgsrókmgs: E vxázmge grítmge. Wãs Veyrs: IVY.
Yxhmte, W. (6443). Lytjeqitzsw je ziwzekiq vwmgsrókmge. Vsxzs Erikxi: Exzqij.
Amttmgszz, J. A. (7531). S vevir js iwvirns je qãi i je leqírme ts jiwitbsrbmqitzs mtletzmr. Mt J. A. Amttmgszz (Ij.), S hxmtge
x i e xiermjeji. Xms ji Petimxs: Mqeks. Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7537.
Amttmgszz, J. A. (7529). Sw shpizmbsw js zxezeqitzs vwmgeterízmgs. Mt J. A. Amttmgszz (Ij.), S eqhmitzi i sw vxsgiwwsw ji qezyxe
çãs. Vsxzs Erikxi: Exzqij. Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7506.
Amttmgszz, J. A. (7528). Gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew iq vwmuymezxme mtletzmr. Xms ji Petimxs: Mqeks. Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7537.
Amttmgszz, J. A. (7558). S bersx je gstwyrze zixevêyzmge. Mt J. A. Amttmgszz (Ij.), Idvrsxeçõiw vwmgeterízmgew: J. A. Amttmgszz. Vsx
zs Erikxi: Exzqij. Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7501.
Amttmgszz, J. A. (6444). E zitjêtgme etzm-wsgmer. Mt J. A. Amttmgszz (Ij.), Je vijmezxme à vwmgetármwi: Shxew iwgsrnmjew. Wãs Veyrs:
Qexzmtw Lstziw. Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7510.
Amttmgszz, J. A. (6444). Shpizsw zxetwmgmstemw i litôqitsw zxetwmgmstemw. Mt J. A. Amttmgszz (Ij.), Je vijmezxme à vwmgetármwi: S
hxew iwgsrnmjew. Xms ji Petimxs: Mqeks. Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7517.
Amttmgszz, J. A. (6444). Vijmezxme i vwmuymezxme. Mt J. A. Amttmgszz (Ij.), Je vijmezxme à vwmgetármwi: Shxew iwgsrnmjew. Xms ji Peti
mxs: Mqeks. Sxmkmterqitzi vyhrmgejs iq 7582.
RIMZYXEW XIGSQITJEJEW
Ehejm, W. (7552). Zxetwmçõiw: S qsjirs zixevêyzmgs ji J. A. Amttmgszz. Wãs Veyrs: Gewe js Vwmgórsks.
Eqmxermet, Q. R. Z. Q. (7553). S vxsgijmqitzs ji jiwitnsw-nmwzóxmew gsqs zixevme eterízmge hxibi. Hsrizmq ji Vwmgsrskme, 83(74
0), 87-10.
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Hirreo, R., & Hirreo, W. W. (7527). Ziwzi ji evixgivçãs mtletzmr gsq lmkyxew ji etmqemw: GEZ-E. Wãs Veyrs: Qiwzxi Psy.
Hsxkiw, Z. A. (7552). S vxsgijmqitzs ji jiwitnsw-nmwzóxmew gsqs qsjermjeji ji mtzixbitçãs tew gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew mtletzmw
(Ziwi ji jsyzsxejs, Ytmbixwmjeji ji Wãs Veyrs, Wãs Veyrs).
Jmew, I. S. (7552). E zisxme jew vwmgswiw iq J. A. Amttmgszz (Ziwi ji jsyzsxejs, Vstzmlígme Ytmbixwmjeji Gezórmge ji Wãs Veyrs, W
ãs Veyrs).
Kxewwets, I. (7550). Mtjmgejsxiw vwmgsvezsrókmgsw tew zégtmgew vxspizmbew. Wãs Veyrs: Gewe js Vwmgórsks.
Nigo, B. (6478). E mtlryêtgme jew mtbewõiw eqhmitzemw tsw wmtzsqew ji etwmijeji mtletzmr: Yqe idvixmêtgme ji vwmgsjmektówzmgs mtzix
bitzmbs (Ziwi ji jsyzsxejs, Ytmbixwmjeji Lijixer js Xms Kxetji js Wyr, Vsxzs Erikxi).
Nixxqett, L. (6448). Viwuymwetjs gsq s qézsjs vwmgeterízmgs. Mt L. Nixxqett, & Z. Rsaitoxst (Sxkw.), Viwuymwetjs gsq s q
ézsjs vwmgeterízmgs. Wãs Veyrs: Gewe js Vwmgórsks.
Rmtw, Q. M. E. (6440). Gstwyrzew zixevêyzmgew. Wãs Veyrs: Gewe js Vwmgórsks.
Rsvexmg, F. (7550). Amttmgszz: Yqe vwmgetármwi tãs ijmvmete. Vixgyxws, 73(6), 87-83.
Qmrtix, Q. (7557). S nmezs ituyejxejs. Mt Q. Qmrtix, E rsygyxe wyvxmqmje js nsqiq wãs. Xms ji Petimxs: Mqeks. Sxmkmterqitzi
vyhrmgejs iq 7516.
Zegnmhete, Q., & Emirrs-Bemwhixk, Z. Q. P. (6443). Jiwitnsw-nmwzóxmew iq itgstzxsw zixevêyzmgsw te grítmge je qezixtmjeji. Q
yjetçew: Vwmgsrskme je Weúji, 71(7), 69-97.
Zexjmbs, R. W. R. V. G. (6445). S rújmgs i s kxálmgs gsqs qimsw ji idvxiwwãs i gsqytmgeçãs gsq gxmetçew: Js jmektówzmgs à mtz
ixbitçãs. Etemw 7º Gstkxiwws Hxewmrimxs Ryjsjmektówzmgs, 7, 742-778.
Zexjmbs, R. W. V. G. (6444). Vwmgszixevme ji hewi eterízmge i vwmgsjmektówzmgs: Lsxqew ji ezyeçãs etzekôtmgew sy gsqvriqitze
xiw? Vwmg, 7(6), 62-97.
Zexjmbs, R. W. V. G. (6449). Evsmex: Lytjeqitzsw i vxsvswzew. Wãs Veyrs: Rehsxezóxms ji Weúji Qitzer i Vwmgsrskme Grítmge Wsgme
r.
7 Zxejyçãs rmbxi jew eyzsxew e vexzmx ji: “Zni ziwz mw et illigzmbi qietw sl jmwgrswmtk e vixwst’w
ytxigsktmfij letzewmiw. Zni ziwz qec hi ywilyr ew e vxieterczmg vxsgijyxi sx ew et emj mthxmil
eterczmg mtzixbmiaw” (Qsxket & Qyxxec, 7591, v. 625).
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