<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/8c5cf77b-46a3-4c37-a77f-03e3be2978ab/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x3 h2 y6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y7 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ener<span class="blank _0"></span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y8 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws0">química</div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y7 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ener<span class="blank _0"></span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y8 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws1">elétrica</div><div class="t m0 x6 h3 y9 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">pil<span class="blank _1"> </span>has <span class="ff3 ls0"><span class="fc2 sc0">\ud83d\udd0b</span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 h3 ya ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oces<span class="blank _0"></span>so e<span class="blank _2"></span>spon<span class="blank _0"></span>tân<span class="blank _1"> </span>eo <span class="ff5">\u0394</span>G < 0<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x8 h3 yb ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tról<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>se <span class="ff3 ls0"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u26a1</span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x9 h3 yc ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oces<span class="blank _0"></span>so f<span class="blank _3"></span>orçado <span class="ff5">\u0394</span>G >0</div><div class="t m0 xa h2 yd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws4">Condição de Espon<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>an<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="ls3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 ye ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">o po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>enci<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l de r<span class="blank _2"></span>edução de quem v<span class="blank _0"></span>ai<span class="blank _1"> </span> r<span class="blank _0"></span>eduzir <span class="blank _4"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 yf ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">de<span class="blank _2"></span>v<span class="blank _2"></span>e s<span class="blank _2"></span>er ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>or que o po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>enci<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l de r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução de </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y10 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws4">quem v<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i o<span class="blank _3"></span>x<span class="blank _5"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="ls3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y11 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">o po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>enci<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l de o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _2"></span>ação de quem v<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i o<span class="blank _0"></span>xidar <span class="blank _6"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y12 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">de<span class="blank _2"></span>v<span class="blank _2"></span>e s<span class="blank _2"></span>er ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>or que o po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>enci<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l de o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"></span>ação </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y13 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws4">de quem v<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i r<span class="blank _0"></span>eduz<span class="blank _1"> </span>ir<span class="ls3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y14 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xa h2 y15 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws4">Pilha de Da<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>ell<span class="ff1 ls3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y16 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">di<span class="blank _0"></span>sposi<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _2"></span>o que pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oduz e<span class="blank _0"></span>s<span class="blank _1"> </span>pon<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>an<span class="blank _1"> </span>eam<span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e <span class="blank _7"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y17 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">corr<span class="blank _0"></span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _2"></span>e elétri<span class="blank _0"></span>ca con<span class="blank _2"></span>tínua (<span class="ff8">\u0394</span>G < 0) </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y18 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">é cons<span class="blank _0"></span>truíd<span class="blank _0"></span>a a par<span class="blank _0"></span>tir d<span class="blank _0"></span>a as<span class="blank _2"></span>soci<span class="blank _0"></span>ação de <span class="blank _8"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y19 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>odos f<span class="blank _3"></span>orm<span class="blank _2"></span>ados por u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m m<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>al sól<span class="blank _1"> </span>ido </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y1a ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">mer<span class="blank _2"></span>gul<span class="blank _1"> </span>hado em u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma solução sal<span class="blank _1"> </span>ina de seus </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y1b ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">íons <span class="ff9 ws2">\u2192</span> em f<span class="blank _0"></span>unção d<span class="blank _2"></span>a di<span class="blank _0"></span>f<span class="blank _3"></span>er<span class="blank _0"></span>ença de po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>encial </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y1c ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">en<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>e os ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>odos, os elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons per<span class="blank _0"></span>corr<span class="blank _0"></span>em o </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y1d ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">fi<span class="blank _0"></span>o condut<span class="blank _0"></span>or (cir<span class="blank _0"></span>cu<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>o e<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>erno) cri<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>ndo u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma </div><div class="t m0 xb h2 y1e ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">corr<span class="blank _0"></span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _2"></span>e elétri<span class="blank _0"></span>ca con<span class="blank _2"></span>tínua </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y1f ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">R<span class="blank _2"></span>ea<span class="blank _0"></span>tividade dos Me<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _5"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s<span class="ff1"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y20 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">as r<span class="blank _0"></span>eaçõe<span class="blank _2"></span>s quím<span class="blank _1"> </span>ic<span class="blank _0"></span>as r<span class="blank _2"></span>esponsáv<span class="blank _0"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s pelos <span class="blank _9"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y21 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oce<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _0"></span>sos ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>oquím<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>cos são sempr<span class="blank _0"></span>e </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y22 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">r<span class="blank _0"></span>eaçõe<span class="blank _0"></span>s de o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>irr<span class="blank _0"></span>edução<span class="ff6"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y23 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">série d<span class="blank _2"></span>e r<span class="blank _0"></span>ea<span class="blank _2"></span>tivid<span class="blank _2"></span>ade dos me<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>ai<span class="blank _2"></span>s: <span class="blank _a"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y24 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y25 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y26 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff1 ls3 ws4"> <span class="ff2 ls7">me<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s r<span class="blank _0"></span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _0"></span>ti<span class="blank _2"></span>v<span class="blank _2"></span>os<span class="blank _2"></span>: <span class="ff1 ls3">r<span class="blank _0"></span>eagem com ácidos <span class="ffb ws2">\u2192</span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y27 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">doam elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons co<span class="blank _1"> </span>m f<span class="blank _3"></span>acil<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y28 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff1 ls3 ws4"> <span class="ff2 ls7">me<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s n<span class="blank _2"></span>obr<span class="blank _0"></span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>s: <span class="ff1 ls3">não r<span class="blank _0"></span>eagem com ácidos </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y29 ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff1 ws4"> ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>or t<span class="blank _0"></span>endência de r<span class="blank _0"></span>eceber elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2a ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>encial-p<span class="blank _2"></span>adrão de r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução (E°r<span class="blank _2"></span>ed): <span class="blank _b"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2b ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">indic<span class="blank _2"></span>a a cap<span class="blank _2"></span>acidade que o elemen<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>o pos<span class="blank _0"></span>sui </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2c ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">de gan<span class="blank _1"> </span>har elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2d ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>encial-p<span class="blank _2"></span>adrão de o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"></span>ação (E°o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>i):<span class="ff6"> <span class="blank _c"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2e ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">indic<span class="blank _2"></span>a a cap<span class="blank _2"></span>acidade que u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m element<span class="blank _0"></span>o pos<span class="blank _0"></span>s<span class="blank _0"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>i </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y2f ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">de per<span class="blank _0"></span>der elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y30 ff6 fs0 fc1 sc0 ls2">*<span class="ffa ls3 ws4">o po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>encial-p<span class="blank _2"></span>adrão de r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução e o </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y31 ffa fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws4">po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>encial-p<span class="blank _2"></span>adrão de o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"></span>ação têm o </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y32 ffa fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws4">mesmo módulo<span class="ff1 fc0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y33 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u203c</span><span class="ff2 ls3 ws3">a<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _2"></span>enção<span class="ff3 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u203c</span></span><span class="ff1 ws4"> o po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>enci<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l-padrão de r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y34 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">e o po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>enci<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l-padrão de o<span class="blank _0"></span>xidação do hidr<span class="blank _0"></span>ogênio </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y35 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls6 ws4">é 0<span class="ls3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y36 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x1 y37 w2 h4" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/8c5cf77b-46a3-4c37-a77f-03e3be2978ab/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 xe h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y38 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y39 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xe h2 y3a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xf h5 y3b ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">os me<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>s têm f<span class="blank _0"></span>acilid<span class="blank _2"></span>ade de </div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y3c ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">per<span class="blank _2"></span>der elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons </div><div class="t m0 x10 h5 y3d ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">mai<span class="blank _2"></span>s f<span class="blank _0"></span>acilidade: </div><div class="t m0 x11 h5 y3e ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls9">ZINCO</div><div class="t m0 x12 h5 y3d ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">menos f<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>cilidade: </div><div class="t m0 x13 h5 y3e ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws5">COBRE</div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y3f ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff1 ls6 ws4"> <span class="ls5">a <span class="ffa ls3">o<span class="blank _0"></span>xidação <span class="ff1">s<span class="blank _0"></span>em<span class="blank _1"> </span>pr<span class="blank _0"></span>e ocorr<span class="blank _0"></span>erá no ele<span class="blank _2"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>odo </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y40 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa ws4">de <span class="ffa ls3 ws3">menor</span><span class="ls3"> <span class="ffa">po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>encial de r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução <span class="ff1 ls4">e a </span><span class="ws3">r<span class="blank _2"></span>edução<span class="ff1 ws4"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y41 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ocorr<span class="blank _0"></span>e no ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>odo de <span class="ffa">maior po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>enci<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l de </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y42 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y43 ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff2 ls6 ws4"> <span class="ff1 ls3">au<span class="blank _5"> </span>ment<span class="blank _0"></span>o d<span class="blank _0"></span>a mas<span class="blank _0"></span>sa do cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo e r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução d<span class="blank _2"></span>a </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y44 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">concen<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>ação dos íons do <span class="blank _2"></span>cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo na solução </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y45 ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff1 ls6 ws4"> r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução d<span class="blank _2"></span>a mas<span class="blank _0"></span>sa do ânodo e au<span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>o d<span class="blank _2"></span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y46 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">concen<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>ação de íons do ânodo na s<span class="blank _2"></span>olução <span class="ffa"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">*dic<span class="blank _2"></span>a: conso<span class="blank _2"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _2"></span>e com consoa<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e, vog<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _5"> </span>l com </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y48 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">vog<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l <span class="ffb ws2">\u2192</span> <span class="ff2">cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo r<span class="blank _2"></span>eduz, ânodo o<span class="blank _0"></span>xida </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y49 ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff1 ws4"> <span class="ff2"> </span>os elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons s<span class="blank _2"></span>aem do <span class="ff2 ws3">ânodo</span> (polo n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ega<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o) </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y4a ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws4">em dir<span class="blank _0"></span>eção a<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="ff2 ls3 ws3">cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo<span class="ff1 ws4"> (po<span class="blank _1"> </span>lo posi<span class="blank _0"></span>ti<span class="blank _0"></span>vo) </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y4b ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff1 ls6 ws4"> a pon<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e sa<span class="blank _1"> </span>lina t<span class="blank _2"></span>em f<span class="blank _0"></span>unção <span class="ff2 ls3">despolariz<span class="blank _0"></span>an<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _2"></span>e </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y4c ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff1 ws4"> <span class="ff2"> equação global:<span class="ffa"> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y4d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y4e ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y4f ffb fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws2">\u2192<span class="ff1 ws4"> <span class="ff2"> <span class="ffa">v<span class="blank _0"></span>ari<span class="blank _2"></span>ação de po<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>encial: <span class="ff1">sempr<span class="blank _0"></span>e posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="ffa"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y50 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y51 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y52 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y53 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">Pilha de Lecla<span class="blank _1"> </span>nché<span class="ffa"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y54 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">pil<span class="blank _1"> </span>ha s<span class="blank _0"></span>eca co<span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _d"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y55 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">elim<span class="blank _1"> </span>ina a dependência de s<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span>luções <span class="blank _e"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y56 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>olític<span class="blank _2"></span>as líqu<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _2"></span>as<span class="ffa"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y57 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">*efi<span class="blank _2"></span>caz<span class="blank _0"></span>es p<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>a u<span class="blank _0"></span>so descon<span class="blank _0"></span>tínuo</div><div class="t m0 x14 h5 y58 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">menos a<span class="blank _2"></span>finidade por </div><div class="t m0 x11 h5 y59 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons: </div><div class="t m0 x15 h5 y5a ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls9">ZINCO</div><div class="t m0 x16 h2 y5b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">Zn°(s) + Cu<span class="ffc ws6">²</span>(aq) <span class="ffd ws7">\u2192</span> Cu° (s) + Zn<span class="ffc ws6">²</span><span class="ws8">(a<span class="blank"> </span>q)</span><span class="ffa fs0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h5 y5c ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">mai<span class="blank _2"></span>s af<span class="blank _0"></span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>idade por </div><div class="t m0 x13 h5 y5d ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons: </div><div class="t m0 x13 h5 y5e ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls8 ws5">COBRE</div><div class="t m0 x18 h5 y5f ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">so<span class="blank _0"></span>fr<span class="blank _2"></span>e o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _2"></span>ação </div><div class="t m0 x19 h5 y60 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">per<span class="blank _2"></span>de elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons </div><div class="t m0 x14 h5 y61 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">au<span class="blank _1"> </span>men<span class="blank _0"></span>to dos íons n<span class="blank _2"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x15 h5 y62 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">solução </div><div class="t m0 xb h5 y63 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução da mas<span class="blank _0"></span>sa da </div><div class="t m0 x1a h5 y64 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 lsb ws9">plac<span class="blank _2"></span>a</div><div class="t m0 x1b h5 y65 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">so<span class="blank _0"></span>fr<span class="blank _2"></span>e r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução </div><div class="t m0 x1c h5 y66 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ganha elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons </div><div class="t m0 x1d h5 y67 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução dos íons na </div><div class="t m0 x1e h5 y68 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">solução </div><div class="t m0 x12 h5 y69 ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">au<span class="blank _1"> </span>men<span class="blank _0"></span>to d<span class="blank _0"></span>a mas<span class="blank _2"></span>sa na </div><div class="t m0 x1f h5 y6a ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 lsb ws9">plac<span class="blank _2"></span>a<span class="ls3 ws4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h5 y6b ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls9 ws4">Zn° (s) <span class="ffe ls3 wsa">\u2192</span><span class="lsc"> 2e<span class="fff ls3 wsb">\u207b</span><span class="ls3"> + Zn<span class="ff10 wsb">²</span> (aq) </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xb h5 y6c ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ânodo - polo nega<span class="blank _0"></span>tivo</div><div class="t m0 x21 h5 y6d ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 wsc">Cu<span class="ff10 wsb">²</span><span class="ws4"> (aq) + 2e<span class="fff wsb">\u207b</span> <span class="ffe wsa">\u2192</span><span class="lsd"> Cu°(s)</span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h5 y6e ffa fs2 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo - po<span class="blank _1"> </span>lo posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tivo</div><div class="t m0 x16 h3 y6f ffc fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws6">\u0394<span class="ff2 ws4"> E° = E°r<span class="blank _0"></span>ed (cát<span class="blank _2"></span>odo) - E° r<span class="blank _0"></span>ed (ânodo)</span></div><div class="t m0 x20 h6 y70 ffa fs3 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">E° r<span class="blank _0"></span>ed (met<span class="blank _0"></span>al pr<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _0"></span>tegido) > E° red (<span class="blank _2"></span>me<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>al de sacri<span class="blank _0"></span>fício)</div><div class="t m0 x20 h2 y71 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">Aplicaçõe<span class="blank _0"></span>s das Pilhas </div><div class="t m0 x22 h2 y72 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">pr<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>eção ca<span class="blank _0"></span>tódica / me<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l de <span class="blank _f"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 x22 h2 y73 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws3">sacri<span class="blank _0"></span>fíci<span class="blank _0"></span>o:<span class="ff6 ws4"> b<span class="blank _1"> </span>usca pr<span class="blank _3"></span>o<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>eger u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma es<span class="blank _3"></span>trutur<span class="blank _0"></span>a </span></div><div class="t m0 x22 h2 y74 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">me<span class="blank _2"></span>tálic<span class="blank _2"></span>a d<span class="blank _0"></span>a corr<span class="blank _0"></span>osão <span class="ff9 ws2">\u2192</span><span class="ls6"> o ânodo de </span></div><div class="t m0 x22 h2 y75 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">sacri<span class="blank _0"></span>fíci<span class="blank _0"></span>o/m<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>al de sacri<span class="blank _0"></span>fíci<span class="blank _0"></span>o será o<span class="blank _0"></span>xidado </div><div class="t m0 x22 h2 y76 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">p<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>a pr<span class="blank _0"></span>om<span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _2"></span>v<span class="blank _0"></span>er a ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>nut<span class="blank _0"></span>enção d<span class="blank _2"></span>a e<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _0"></span>trut<span class="blank _0"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x22 h2 y77 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">me<span class="blank _2"></span>tálic<span class="blank _2"></span>a a se<span class="blank _2"></span>r pr<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>eg<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _2"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y78 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">o ânodo de sacri<span class="blank _0"></span>fíci<span class="blank _0"></span>o/ met<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l de <span class="blank _10"></span><span class="ff11">\u25e6</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y79 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">sacri<span class="blank _0"></span>fíci<span class="blank _0"></span>o dev<span class="blank _0"></span>e ser m<span class="blank _2"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s r<span class="blank _2"></span>ea<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _2"></span>o que o </div><div class="t m0 x7 h2 y7a ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">me<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _5"> </span>l que s<span class="blank _2"></span>erá pr<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>eg<span class="blank _1"> </span>ido </div><div class="t m0 x20 h2 y7b ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x20 h2 y7c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x20 h2 y7d ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x20 h2 y7e ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x1 y7f w3 h7" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/8c5cf77b-46a3-4c37-a77f-03e3be2978ab/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x23 h2 y80 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x24 h2 y3f ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tróli<span class="blank _2"></span>se ígnea: <span class="ff6">ocorr<span class="blank _0"></span>e com co<span class="blank _1"> </span>mpos<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>os <span class="blank _11"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x24 h2 y81 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">iônicos f<span class="blank _3"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ndidos </div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y82 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff1 ls3 ws4"> <span class="ff7 lse">al<span class="blank _3"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>as<span class="blank _0"></span> t<span class="blank _3"></span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>mpe<span class="blank _0"></span>r<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>ur<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _0"></span>s<span class="ff1 ls3"> <span class="ff12 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\ud83c\udf21</span></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y83 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff1 ls3 ws4"> </span><span class="ff7 lsf wsd">sem<span class="blank"> </span></span><span class="ff1 lsa ws4"> pre<span class="blank _0"></span>sença de <span class="ff7 ls6 wse">águ<span class="blank _2"></span>a<span class="ff1 ws4"> no si<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>ema <span class="ff3 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\ud83d\udca6</span></span><span class="ls3"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y84 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff1 ls3 ws4"> e<span class="blank _3"></span>xemplo: ele<span class="blank _2"></span>tróli<span class="blank _0"></span>se d<span class="blank _0"></span>a baux<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>a (Al2O3) </span></div><div class="t m0 x24 h2 y85 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tróli<span class="blank _2"></span>se em s<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span>luções aquosas: <span class="ff6">o<span class="blank _2"></span>corr<span class="blank _0"></span>e <span class="blank _12"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x24 h2 y86 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">em soluçõe<span class="blank _2"></span>s a<span class="blank _1"> </span>quos<span class="blank _2"></span>as ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>olíticas </div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y87 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff1 ls3 ws4"> ocorr<span class="blank _0"></span>e co<span class="blank _1"> </span>m s<span class="blank _2"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>bs<span class="blank _3"></span>tâncias que s<span class="blank _2"></span>o<span class="blank _0"></span>fr<span class="blank _0"></span>em </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y88 ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">i<span class="blank _0"></span>on<span class="blank _1"> </span>iz<span class="blank _0"></span>ação ou di<span class="blank _2"></span>s<span class="blank _0"></span>soci<span class="blank _0"></span>ação<span class="ff1 ls6"> em água<span class="ls3"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y89 ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff1 ls3 ws4"> <span class="ff7 ls10">ba<span class="blank _5"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>xas<span class="blank _1"> </span> tem<span class="blank _5"> </span>pe<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>atu<span class="blank _5"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>s<span class="ls3"> <span class="ff13 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\ud83c\udf21</span></span> </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y8a ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws4"> <span class="ls11">ex<span class="blank _13"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>s<span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _13"> </span>á<span class="blank _5"> </span>g<span class="blank _14"> </span>u<span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _14"> </span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>n<span class="blank _14"> </span>o<span class="blank _5"> </span> <span class="blank _14"> </span>s<span class="blank _14"> </span>i<span class="blank _5"> </span>st<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _14"> </span>m<span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _14"> </span><span class="ls6"> e, por<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>an<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>o, há </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y8b ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">cáti<span class="blank _0"></span>ons h<span class="blank _1"> </span>idr<span class="blank _0"></span>ogên<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>o (H+) e ân<span class="blank _1"> </span>ions hidr<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _0"></span>xila </div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y8c ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">(OH-) <span class="ff3 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\ud83d\udca6</span></span> </div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y8d ff3 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span><span class="ff7 ls3 ws4">e<span class="blank _3"></span>xemplo: ga<span class="blank _1"> </span>lv<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nop<span class="blank _1"> </span>las<span class="blank _0"></span>ti<span class="blank _0"></span>a, ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tról<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>se aquosa </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 h2 y8e ff7 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">do NaCl</div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y3f ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 wsf">Ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tróli<span class="blank _2"></span>se<span class="ff1 ws4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y81 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">é u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oces<span class="blank _0"></span>s<span class="blank _2"></span>o ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>oquím<span class="blank _1"> </span>ico de anál<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>se/<span class="blank _15"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y82 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">decom<span class="blank _1"> </span>posição de subs<span class="blank _0"></span>tânci<span class="blank _0"></span>as usando </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y8f ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">corr<span class="blank _0"></span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _2"></span>e elétri<span class="blank _0"></span>ca con<span class="blank _2"></span>tínua </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y90 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">é u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oces<span class="blank _0"></span>s<span class="blank _2"></span>o <span class="ffa ws3">f<span class="blank _0"></span>orçado<span class="ff6 ws4"> (<span class="ff8">\u0394</span>G > 0) de <span class="blank _16"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y91 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">tr<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _5"> </span>ns<span class="blank _0"></span>f<span class="blank _3"></span>orm<span class="blank _0"></span>ação de <span class="ffa">en<span class="blank _1"> </span>er<span class="blank _0"></span>gia elétric<span class="blank _2"></span>a <span class="ff6 ls4">em </span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y92 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ener<span class="blank _0"></span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>a quím<span class="blank _1"> </span>ica </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y93 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y94 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y95 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y96 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y97 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y98 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y99 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y9a ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">sen<span class="blank _3"></span>tido r<span class="blank _2"></span>eal d<span class="blank _0"></span>a corr<span class="blank _2"></span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e elétrica: <span class="ff6 ls12">os <span class="blank _17"></span><span class="ff7 ls3">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y9b ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons saem do polo nega<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _2"></span>o e chegam no </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y9c ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">polo posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o, a<span class="blank _1"> </span>o con<span class="blank _0"></span>trári<span class="blank _2"></span>o d<span class="blank _2"></span>as con<span class="blank _2"></span>v<span class="blank _2"></span>ençõe<span class="blank _2"></span>s </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y9d ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">utiliz<span class="blank _0"></span>adas na físi<span class="blank _0"></span>ca </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y9e ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">polo nega<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o <span class="ffe ws2">\u2192</span> <span class="ff6">l<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>gado ao polo nega<span class="blank _2"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o do <span class="blank _18"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y9f ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ger<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>dor <span class="ffe ws2">\u2192</span><span class="ffa"> </span>atr<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i íons posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>os <span class="ffe ws2">\u2192</span><span class="ffa"> cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 ya0 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa ws4">(so<span class="blank _0"></span>f<span class="blank _0"></span>r<span class="blank _2"></span>e r<span class="blank _0"></span>edução)<span class="ls3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 ya1 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa ws4">polo posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o <span class="ffe ls3 ws2">\u2192</span><span class="ls3"> <span class="ff6">l<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _2"></span>gado ao polo posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o do <span class="blank _19"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 ya2 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ger<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>dor <span class="ffe ws2">\u2192</span> atr<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i íons nega<span class="blank _2"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>os<span class="ffa"> <span class="ffe ws2">\u2192</span> ânodo </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 ya3 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa ws4">(so<span class="blank _0"></span>f<span class="blank _0"></span>r<span class="blank _2"></span>e o<span class="blank _0"></span>xidação)<span class="ls3"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 ya4 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws10">*cu<span class="blank"> </span>id<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank"> </span>do<span class="ff3 ls1"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u203c</span></span><span class="ls6 ws4"> ao <span class="ff2 ls3">con<span class="blank _0"></span>trári<span class="blank _2"></span>o d<span class="blank _2"></span>as pil<span class="blank _1"> </span>has<span class="ff1 ls4">, na </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 ya5 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tróli<span class="blank _2"></span>se o cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo é o polo nega<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o e o ânodo </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 ya6 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">é o polo posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="ffa"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 ya7 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">equação global:<span class="ff6"> <span class="blank _1a"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x26 h2 ya8 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">or<span class="blank _0"></span>dem de a<span class="blank _2"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>ação do<span class="blank _0"></span>s íons (descar<span class="blank _0"></span>g<span class="blank _2"></span>a)</div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 ya9 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">cáti<span class="blank _0"></span>ons ân<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>ons</div><div class="t m0 x27 h3 yaa ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">1° - me<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s de tr<span class="blank _0"></span>ansição 1°- ân<span class="blank _1"> </span>ions não<span class="blank _2"></span> o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>ige- </div><div class="t m0 x27 h3 yab ff14 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> <span class="blank _1b"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span>nados (\u201ce<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _2"></span>os\u201d)</div><div class="t m0 x27 h3 yac ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">2°- H3O+ <span class="blank _1c"> </span> 2°- OH-</div><div class="t m0 x28 h3 yad ffc fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws6">\u0394<span class="ff2 ws4"> E° r<span class="blank _0"></span>ed (cát<span class="blank _2"></span>odo) - <span class="ffc ws6">\u0394</span> E° r<span class="blank _0"></span>ed (ânodo)</span></div><div class="t m0 x27 h3 yae ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">3°- me<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s a<span class="blank _1"> </span>lcalinos e 3°- ân<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>ons o<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _1"> </span>igena- </div><div class="t m0 x27 h3 yaf ff14 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">alca<span class="blank _1"> </span>linos t<span class="blank _0"></span>err<span class="blank _2"></span>oso<span class="blank _2"></span>s <span class="blank _1d"> </span> <span class="blank _1b"> </span> dos</div><div class="t m0 x29 h3 yb0 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws11">Galv<span class="blank _0"></span>anop<span class="blank"> </span>lasti<span class="blank _2"></span>a:<span class="ff6 ws4"> técnica que consi<span class="blank _0"></span>s<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e em dar </span></div><div class="t m0 x29 h3 yb1 ff6 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">r<span class="blank _0"></span>ev<span class="blank _0"></span>es<span class="blank _0"></span>timent<span class="blank _0"></span>o me<span class="blank _2"></span>tálico a outr<span class="blank _3"></span>a peça m<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>tálica a<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>avés de </div><div class="t m0 x29 h3 yb2 ff6 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">r<span class="blank _0"></span>eações de ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tróli<span class="blank _0"></span>se em solução aquosa </div><div class="t m0 x29 h3 yb3 ff15 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws7">\u2192<span class="ff4 ws4"> a peça aquosa que será r<span class="blank _0"></span>e<span class="blank _2"></span>v<span class="blank _2"></span>es<span class="blank _0"></span>tid<span class="blank _0"></span>a dev<span class="blank _0"></span>e ser </span></div><div class="t m0 x29 h3 yb4 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">colocada no cát<span class="blank _0"></span>odo </div><div class="t m0 x29 h3 yb5 ff15 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws7">\u2192<span class="ff4 ws4"> o sal utiliz<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>do dev<span class="blank _0"></span>e t<span class="blank _0"></span>er cátions do me<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>l que será </span></div><div class="t m0 x29 h3 yb6 ff4 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls13 ws12">deposi<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>ado</div><div class="t m0 xc h3 yb7 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">semirr<span class="blank _0"></span>eação ca<span class="blank _0"></span>tódica: (polo nega<span class="blank _0"></span>tiv<span class="blank _2"></span>o) </div><div class="t m0 xc h3 yb8 ff14 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">M+ + 1e<span class="ff16 ws6">\u207b</span><span class="ls14"> </span><span class="ffd ws7">\u2192</span><span class="ls13"> M° </span><span class="ffd ws7">\u2192</span> r<span class="blank _0"></span>eduz mesmo com bai<span class="blank _0"></span>x<span class="blank _2"></span>o E° r<span class="blank _0"></span>ed </div><div class="t m0 xc h3 yb9 ff14 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">semirr<span class="blank _0"></span>eação anódica: (polo posi<span class="blank _0"></span>tivo) </div><div class="t m0 xc h3 yba ff14 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls14 ws4">Y- <span class="ffd ls3 ws7">\u2192</span><span class="ls13"> 1e<span class="ff16 ls3 ws6">\u207b</span><span class="ls3"> + Y° <span class="ffd ws7">\u2192</span> o<span class="blank _0"></span>xida mesmo com al<span class="blank _0"></span>to E° r<span class="blank _0"></span>ed<span class="ff2"> </span></span></span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x2a ybb w4 h8" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/8c5cf77b-46a3-4c37-a77f-03e3be2978ab/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y80 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ybc ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ybd ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ybe ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 ybf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yc0 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yc1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 yc2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y3f ffa fs0 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws4">Le<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>s de F<span class="blank _1e"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"></span>aday: </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y81 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">1ª Le<span class="blank _1"> </span>i de F<span class="blank _1e"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"></span>ad<span class="blank _2"></span>ay:<span class="ff6"> a mas<span class="blank _0"></span>sa de uma subs<span class="blank _0"></span>tânci<span class="blank _0"></span>a ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>ol<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>sada (m) é dir<span class="blank _0"></span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>am<span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oporci<span class="blank _0"></span>ona<span class="blank _1"> </span>l à <span class="blank _1f"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y82 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">quantid<span class="blank _0"></span>ade de ca<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>ga elétri<span class="blank _0"></span>ca (Q = i . t) que atr<span class="blank _3"></span>av<span class="blank _0"></span>es<span class="blank _0"></span>sa a s<span class="blank _2"></span>olução ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span>líti<span class="blank _0"></span>ca </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y8f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y90 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y91 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y92 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y93 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y94 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">2ª Le<span class="blank _1"> </span>i de F<span class="blank _1e"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"></span>ad<span class="blank _2"></span>ay:<span class="ff6"> a mas<span class="blank _0"></span>sa de uma subs<span class="blank _0"></span>tânci<span class="blank _0"></span>a ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>ol<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _0"></span>sada (m) é dir<span class="blank _0"></span>e<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>am<span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oporci<span class="blank _0"></span>ona<span class="blank _1"> </span>l ao <span class="blank _20"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></span></div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y95 ff6 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">r<span class="blank _0"></span>espec<span class="blank _3"></span>tiv<span class="blank _0"></span>o equ<span class="blank _1"> </span>iv<span class="blank _0"></span>alen<span class="blank _2"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e-g<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>oquím<span class="blank _1"> </span>ico (E) d<span class="blank _0"></span>a subs<span class="blank _0"></span>tânci<span class="blank _0"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y96 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y97 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y98 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xd h2 y99 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">Le<span class="blank _1"> </span>i Ger<span class="blank _0"></span>al d<span class="blank _2"></span>a Ele<span class="blank _0"></span>tr<span class="blank _0"></span>oquím<span class="blank _1"> </span>ica: <span class="blank _21"></span><span class="ff7">\u2022</span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y9a ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y9b ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y9c ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y9d ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">** \u201cm é e<span class="blank _1"> </span>i ti<span class="blank _0"></span>o f<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>ad<span class="blank _0"></span>ay\u201d e \u201cE é m<span class="blank _1"> </span>m\u2019<span class="blank _0"></span>s no<span class="blank _0"></span>x\u201d </div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y9e ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws3">*<span class="ff7 ws4">cons<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nt<span class="blank _0"></span>e de F<span class="blank _22"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _2"></span>ay:<span class="ff1"> equ<span class="blank _1"> </span>iv<span class="blank _0"></span>ale a ca<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>ga de um m<span class="blank _1"> </span>ol de elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons, ou sej<span class="blank _0"></span>a, 6 . 10<span class="ff17 ws13">²³</span> elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons <span class="ffb ws2">\u2192</span><span class="ls6"> ca<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>ga </span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 xc h2 y9f ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">de 1 elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>on = 1,6 . 10<span class="ff17 ws13">¹\u2079</span> C </div><div class="t m0 x2b h2 yc3 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa ws4"> <span class="ffa ls3">m <span class="ff10 ws13">\u221e</span> Q <span class="ffe ws2">\u2192</span> Q = i . t </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h2 yc4 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">Q = car<span class="blank _0"></span>g<span class="blank _2"></span>a (C <span class="ffd ws2">\u2192</span><span class="ls6"> co<span class="blank _1"> </span>ul<span class="blank _1"> </span>omb)</span> </div><div class="t m0 x2b h2 yc5 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">i = corr<span class="blank _0"></span>en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e (A <span class="ffd ws2">\u2192</span> a<span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>per<span class="blank _0"></span>es) </div><div class="t m0 x2b h2 yc6 ff2 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">t = t<span class="blank _0"></span>em<span class="blank _1"> </span>po (segundos)</div><div class="t m0 x2c h2 yc7 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws4">m <span class="ff10 ws14">\u221e</span> E <span class="ffe ls3 ws2">\u2192</span><span class="ls6"> E = <span class="ls3">mas<span class="blank _0"></span>sa molar </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2c h2 yc8 ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls15 ws4"> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span> <span class="blank _23"></span>|<span class="blank _23"></span>N<span class="blank _23"></span>O<span class="blank _23"></span>X<span class="blank _23"></span>|</div><div class="t m0 x2d h3 yc9 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4">1 mol de elétr<span class="blank _2"></span>ons <span class="ff3 ls0"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span></span> 6.10<span class="ffc ws6">²³</span> x 1.10<span class="ffc ws6">¹\u2079</span> <span class="ff3 ls0"><span class="fc2 sc0">\u27a1</span></span> 1 F<span class="blank _1e"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"></span>aday </div><div class="t m0 x2d h3 yca ff14 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws1">6.10<span class="ff18 ws6">²³</span><span class="ws4"> elétr<span class="blank _0"></span>ons = 96500 C</span></div><div class="t m0 x2e h2 ycb ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws4">m = <span class="ls4">E . i . t<span class="ls3"> <span class="ffe ws2">\u2192</span> F = const<span class="blank _3"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e de </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2e h2 ycc ffa fs0 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws4"> <span class="blank _24"> </span> F <span class="blank _25"> </span> <span class="blank _24"> </span> <span class="blank _24"> </span>F<span class="blank _1e"></span>ar<span class="blank _0"></span>ad<span class="blank _0"></span>ay </div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
Compartilhar