Anshan_ChinaandAfrica

African Studies, Peking University, pp. 129-
142.
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coffee trade cooperation in 2000; the former Party Secretary of Shandong Province, Wu 
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and the Party Secretary of Hubei Province (2005), Yu Zhengsheng, visited Africa, and 
the economic and trade delegation signed many cooperation agreement with African 
countries. 
23 Jiang Guanghua, Historical Recording of Visiting Foreign Parties���%HLMLQJ��:RUOG�$IIDLUV�
Press, 1997) pp. 130, 303-5, 442-443, 621-622. China trained and educated 2,675 millitary 
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Soviet and Chinese Aid to African Nations, (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1980) pp. 102-111.
24 For Africa’s different response to the ideology of USSR and China, see Ottaway, 
Marina, “Soviet Marxism and African Socialism,” Journal of Modern African Studies, 
(September 1978) pp.477-487.
25 Chazan, Naomi et al, Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa, (CO: Boulder, Lynne 
Rienner Publishers, 1992) p.410. 
26 Mahamat, Adam, “Africa starting to rise in partnership with China,” China Daily, 
North American Edition, (New York: Jan. 13, 2006) p.4. 
27 Hu Yaobang, the once General Secretary of CPC, pointed out in 1982: “According 
to historical experience and economic situation, the form of “giving as a gift” in foreign 
economic aid is harmful to both sides” in Selection of Important Literature after the Third Plenary 
Meeting of the 11th Central Committee of CCP�9RO�� ��� HG�� E\�7KH�3DUW\�/LWHUDWXUH�5HVHDUFK�
Center of the CPC Central Committee.
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West Asia and Africa, (Issue 8, 2006). 
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Experience on promoting the discount government loans in foreign economic aid,” 
International Economic Cooperation, (Issue 11, 1997). 
China Security Vol. 3 No. 3 Summer 2007
Li Anshan
89
30 He Xiaowei, “Further Promoting the Reform of the Way of Foreign Aid and Abiding 
by the Agreement Foreign Aid,” Yearbook of China’s Foreign Economic Relations And Trade 
1997/98, (&KLQD�(FRQRPLFV�3UHVV�&KLQD�(FRQRPLF�+HUDOG�3UHVV��������S����
31 Qu Xing, Fifty Years of the Foreign Affairs of China. (Jiangsu Renmin Press, 2000) pp.375-
376.
32���´7KH�&KLQHVH�SULQFLSOHV�DQG�SRVLWLRQ�RI�KXPDQ�ULJKWV�µ�People Daily, Apr. 3, 2006. 
33 “African Union defends Mugabe,” The Guardian, Jan. 25, 2005.
34 " Darfur: A 'Plan B' to Stop Genocide?", US Department of State, Apr. 11, 2007. For more 
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35 Eisenman, Joshua, “Zimbabwe: China’s African Ally”, China Brief, Vol..5, No.15, July 
5, 2005, pp.9-11; Yitzhak Shichor, “Sudan: China’s Outpost in Africa”, China Brief, Vol.5, 
No. 21, Oct. 13, 2005, pp. 9-11; Eisenman J. and J. Kurlantzick, “China’s Africa Strategy,” 
Current History, May 2006, p.223.
36 “China Urges Patience on Sudan, Opposes Sanctions,” Reuters, May 31, 2007. 
37 See UNEP, 6XGDQ�3RVW�&RQÁLFW�(QYLURQPHQWDO�$VVHVVPHQW��������S�������KWWS���SRVWFRQÁLFW�
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United States, provided the same explanation in his speech at Press Club at the end of 
May, 2007. 
38 “Confrontation over Darfur ‘will lead us nowhere’,” China Daily��-XO\�����������KWWS���
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39 “What Kind the Darfur Issue Is: a special interview with the special representative of 
Chinese government,” Chutian Metropolis Daily, July 8, 2007.
40 “Sudan government deals with Darfur issue with a light pack,” Xinhua News Agency, 
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41 Li Anshan, “Africa in the perspective of Globalization: development, aid and 
cooperation,” West Asia and Africa, (Issue 7, 2007).
42 Sautman, B. and Y. Hairong, “Wind from the East: China and Africa’s Development,” 
paper presented at “China’s New Role in Africa and Global South”, Shanghai, May 15-17, 
2007, p.3. 
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UN,” World Affairs: Diplomats in the UN��HG��E\�)X�+DR�DQG�/L�7RQJFKHQJ���%HLMLQJ��&KLQHVH�
Overseas Publishing House, 1995), p. 9.
44 Qian Qichen, Ten Notes on Diplomacy,��%HLMLQJ��:RUOG�$IIDLUV�3UHVV���������S�����
45 In 2006, China took 64 percent of Sudan’s oil exports. See Pan, Esther, “China, Africa, 
and Oil,” Council for Foreign Relations. 
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48 Davies, M. and L. Corkin, “China’s Market Entry into Africa’s Construction Sector: 
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China Security Vol. 3 No. 3 Summer 2007
Policy and Challenges
90
49���0DUNV��7R\D��´:DQW·V�&KLQD·V�,QYHVWPHQW�LQ�$IULFD"µ�Business Enterprise, (New York, 
March 2007) p.34
50 “Eight steps to boost China-Africa partnership,” Xinhua News Agency, Jan. 30,2007
51����&KLQD�KDV�UHPLWWHG�D�WRWDO�GHEW�RI�������ELOOLRQ�RI����$IULFDQ�FRXQWULHV��Xinhua News 
Agency, Oct. 17, 2006. 
52 In the international conference “China’s New Role in Africa and Global South”(May 
17, Shanghai), a Kenyan student pointed out that the United States. has been doing 
business with Nigeria for decades, it has never thought about launching the satellite for 
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well.
53 “China launched satellite for Nigeria,” Xinhua News Agency, May 14, 2007.
54 “Wang Qimin is Welcomed by Sudanese,” China Petroleum Daily, June 26, 2007. 
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56 Li Jiasong (ed.), Big Events in the History of Foreign Affairs of People’s Republic of China, pp. 
432-3, 438.
57 “Good Friends, Good Partners and Good Brothers,” People’s Daily Online, June 22, 
2006. 
58 Brian Horton, Chief diplomatic correspondent of Reuters, believes that Zhou Enlai’s 
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burgeoning Africa” and “this relation may reposition the diplomacy of countries in the 
international community in the coming ten years.” AFP and other European media 
also said that Zhou Enlai’s visit to Africa is the start of China’s important diplomatic 
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59 Yearbook of China’s Foreign Economic Relations And Trade 1986��%HLMLQJ��2XWORRN�3UHVV��������
p. 47.
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2006).
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