Aula_08

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LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
 Identification and use of morphological and syntactical cues to recognize words
Tema da Apresentação
IDENTIFICATION AND THE USE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTICAL CUES TO RECOGNIZE WORDS
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Identification of what is root, prefix and suffix 
the recognition of false cognates
syntax as a resource to find meanings
Tema da Apresentação
IDENTIFICATION AND THE USE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTICAL CUES TO RECOGNIZE WORDS
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Introduction:
Hi, students.
 	In this lesson, we will recognize the root of words as well as their prefixes and suffixes. We will also study what (false) cognates are. Syntax will be used as a resource to find the meaning, not always exact, of words, in order to do so, it will be important to study intransitive and transitive verbs, prepositional phrases, adjectives order, functions of verbs. 
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IDENTIFICATION AND THE USE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTICAL CUES TO RECOGNIZE WORDS
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
Let´s establish some definitions for the concepts mentioned above:
A root word is the most basic form of a word that is able to convey a particular description, thought or meaning.
A prefix refer to an attachment before a shorter word or stem. A stem is the main part of the word.
A suffix refers to an attachment after the end of an existing word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending, for example s or es for the third person plural in the present.
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IDENTIFICATION AND THE USE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTICAL CUES TO RECOGNIZE WORDS
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
False cognates which can also be named, false friends, are normally words derived from Latin which appear in different languages with a similar orthography , and have the same origin, but that as time passed by, acquired different meanings.
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	Watch part of the film ‘Spanglish’ and choose the most appropriate answers:
1- What kind of knowledge do you think would help the women most:
A- the syntax of the sentences
B- the variation of words
C- gestures, false cognates and understanding of sounds.
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IDENTIFICATION AND THE USE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTICAL CUES TO RECOGNIZE WORDS
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2- There are differences among the women, but the most important one is
A- cultural
B-geographical
C-regional
	3-The American woman and the Spanish one show :
A-no consideration for each other
B-respect for each other
C-they are guilty
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IDENTIFICATION AND THE USE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTICAL CUES TO RECOGNIZE WORDS
LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LINGUA INGLESA
In this lesson, we are going to study the following lists with some common Latin roots:.
Latin root Basic meaning Example words
-dict-to say,contradict, dictate, diction, edict, predict 
-duc-to lead, bring, take,deduce, produce, reduce
-gress-to walk,digress, progress, transgress
-ject-to throw,eject, inject, interject, project, reject, subject
-pel-to drive,,compel, dispel, impel, repel
-pend-to hang,append, depend, impend, pendant, pendulum
              
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-port-to carry, comport, deport, export, import, report, support
-scrib-, -script-to write, describe, description, prescribe, prescription, subscribe, subscription, transcribe, transcription 
-tract-to pull, drag, draw,attract, contract, detract, extract, protract, retract, traction
-vert-to turn, convert, divert, invert, revert
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From the example words in the above table, it is easy to see how roots combine with prefixes to form new words. For example, the root -tract-, meaning “to pull,” can combine with a number of prefixes, including de- and re-. Detract means literally “to pull away” (de-, “away, off”) and retract means literally “to pull back” (re-, “again, back”). The following table gives a list of Latin prefixes and their basic meanings.
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Latin prefix Basic meaning Example words
co-together coauthor, coedit, coheir
de-away, off; generally indicates reversal or removal in English deactivate, debone, defrost, decompress, deplane
dis-not, not any disbelief, discomfort, discredit, disrepair, disrespect
inter-between, among international, interfaith, intertwine, intercellular, interject
Non, not, nonessential, nonmetallic, nonresident, nonviolence, nonskid, nonstop
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post- after postdate, postwar, postnasal, postnatal
pre-before preconceive, preexist, premeditate, predispose, prepossess, prepay
re-again; back, backwardrearrange, rebuild, recall, remake, rerun, rewrite
sub-undersubmarine, subsoil, subway, subhuman, substandard
trans-across, beyond, through transatlantic, transpolar
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Words and word roots may also combine with suffixes. Here are examples of some important English suffixes that come from Latin:
Latin suffix Basic meaning Example words
-able, -ibleform adjectives and mean “capable or worthy of” likable, flexible
-ationforms nouns from verbs creation, civilization, automation, speculation, information
-fy, -ifyform verbs and mean “to make or cause to become”purify, acidify, humidify
-mentforms nouns from verbs entertainment, amazement, statement, banishment
-ty, -ityform nouns from adjectives subtlety, certainty, cruelty, frailty, loyalty, royalty; eccentricity, electricity, peculiarity, similarity, technicality
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Here is a list of false cognates. Take a look at them! Actually (adv) - na verdade ..., o fato é que ...  Adept (n) - especialista, profundo conhecedor  Agenda (n) - pauta do dia, pauta para discussões  Amass (v) - acumular, juntar  Anticipate (v) - prever; aguardar, ficar na expectativa  plication (n) - inscrição, registro, uso  Appointment (n) - hora marcada, compromisso profissional  Appreciation (n) - gratidão, reconhecimento  Argument (n) - discussão, bate boca  Assist (v) - ajudar, dar suporte  Assume (v) - presumir, aceitar como verdadeiro  Attend (v) - assistir, participar de  Audience (n) - platéia, público  
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	Balcony (n) - sacada  Baton (n) - batuta (música), cacetete  Beef (n) - carne de gado  Cafeteria (n) - refeitório tipo universitário ou industrial  Camera (n) - máquina fotográfica  Carton (n) - caixa de papelão, pacote de cigarros (200)  Casualty (n) - baixa (morte fruto de acidente ou guerra), fatalidade  Cigar (n) - charuto  Collar (n) - gola, colarinho, coleira  College (n) - faculdade, ensino de 3º grau  Commodity (n) - artigo, mercadoria  Competition (n) - concorrência  Comprehensive (adj) - abrangente, amplo, extenso  Compromise (v) - entrar em acordo, fazer concessão  
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	Contest (n) - competição, concurso  Convenient (adj) - prático  Costume (n) - fantasia (roupa)  Data (n) - dados (números, informações)
Deception (n) - logro, fraude, o ato de enganar  Defendant (n) - réu, acusado  Design (v, n) - projetar, criar; projeto, estilo  Editor (n) - redator  Educated (adj) - instruído, com alto grau de escolaridade  Emission (n) - descarga (de gases, etc.)  Enroll (v) - inscrever-se, alistar-se, registrar-se  Eventually (adv) - finalmente, conseqüentemente  Exciting (adj) - empolgante  Exit (n, v) - saída, sair  Expert (n) - especialista, perito  
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Exquisite (adj.) - belo, refinado  Fabric (n) - tecido  Genial (adj) - afável, aprazível  Graduate program (n) - Curso de pós-graduação  Gratuity (n) - gratificação, gorjeta  Grip (v) - agarrar firme  Hazard (n,v) - risco, arriscar  Idiom (n) - expressão idiomática, linguajar  Income tax return (n) - declaração de imposto de renda  Ingenuity (n) - engenhosidade  Injury (n) - ferimento  Inscription (n) - gravação em relevo (sobre pedra, metal, etc.)  Intend (v) - pretender, ter intenção  Intoxication (n) - embriaguez, efeito de drogas  Jar (n) - pote  Journal (n) - periódico, revista especializada  
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Lamp (n) - luminária  Large (adj) - grande, espaçoso  Lecture (n) - palestra, aula  Legend (n) - lenda  Library (n) - biblioteca  Location (n) - localização  Lunch (n) - almoço  Magazine (n) - revista  Mayor (n) - prefeito  Medicine (n) - remédio, medicina  Moisture (n) - umidade  Motel (n) - hotel de beira de estrada  Notice (v) - notar, aperceber-se; aviso, comunicação  Novel (n) - romance  Office (n) - escritório  
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Parents (n) - pais  Particular (adj) - específico, exato  Pasta (n) - massa (alimento)  Policy (n) - política (diretrizes)  Port (n) - porto  Prejudice (n) - preconceito  Prescribe (v) - receitar  Preservative (n) - conservante  
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Pretend (v) - fingir  Private (adj) - particular  Procure (v) - conseguir, adquirir  Propaganda (n) - divulgação de idéias/fatos com intuito de manipular  Pull (v) - puxar  Push (v) - empurrar  Range (v) - variar, cobrir  Realize (v) - notar, perceber, dar-se conta, conceber uma idéia  Recipient (n) - recebedor, agraciado  Record (v, n) - gravar, disco, gravação, registro  Refrigerant (n) - substância refrigerante usada em aparelhos  Requirement (n) - requisito  Resume (v) - retomar, reiniciar  
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Résumé (n) - curriculum vitae, currículo  Retired (adj) - aposentado  Senior (n) - idoso  Service (n) - atendimento  Stranger (n) - desconhecido  Stupid (adj) - burro  Support (v) - apoiar  Tax (n) - imposto  Trainer (n) - preparador físico  Turn (n, v) - vez, volta, curva; virar, girar  Vegetables (n) - verduras, legumes 
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Now you are going to check some grammatical tips that help you find meanings of the words more easily
1- Adjective order in English may be a little a little fuzzy. . But, in general adjectives come after nouns: a beautiful blond and intelligent girl
2- Transitive and intransitive verbs often cause confusion. Let's begin with a simple definition:
Transitive Verb Transitive verbs take direct objects. The vast majority of verbs in English are transitive.Examples:
I took my books to class. We played chess last night
Notice that transitive verbs always take objects. You will always be able to ask a question beginning with 'What' or 'Whom'.Examples:
I paid the bill last week. - What did you pay? She studies Russian. - What does she study?
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Intransitive Verbs: Intransitive verbs do not take direct objects.
Examples: Peter's situation improved. They slept peacefully.
You can recognize that a verb is intransitive because it does not have a passive form.
Examples:
Jack sits in the corner when he reads. NOT The corner is sat when Jack reads. Peter arrived early. NOT Early was arrived Peter.
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Transitive AND Intransitive
Some verbs with multiple meanings are transitive or intransitive depending on their usage. The verb 'run' is a good example. When used in the sense of physical exercise, 'run' is intransitive.
Helen ran every weekend when she was at college.
BUT
'Run' used in the sense of managing a company is transitive.
Jennifer runs TMX Inc.
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3- Phrasal Verbs
A phrasal verb consists of two or three words that when used together have a different meaning from the individual words which form them. Take a look at the chart below 
VERB = PREPOSITION/PARTICLE= MEANING
Come back returned
( He came back home yesterday!)
Catch on become popular
( Easter medicine catches on with western doctors.
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A DAY AT WORK
In the morning I attended a meeting between management and union representatives. The discussion was very comprehensive, covering topics like working hours, days off, retirement age, etc. Both sides were interested in an agreement and ready to compromise. The secretary recorded everything in the notes. Eventually, they decided to set a new meeting to sign the final draft of the agreement.
Back at the office, a colleague of mine asked me if I had realized that the proposed agreement would be partially against the company policy not to accept workers that have already retired. I pretended to be really busy and late for an appointment, and left for the cafeteria. Actually, I didn't want to discuss the matter at that particular moment because there were some strangers in the office.
After lunch I attended a lecture given by the mayor, who is an expert in tax legislation and has a graduate degree in political science. He said his government intends to assist welfare programs and senior citizens, raise funds to improve college education and build a public library because he assumes this is what the people expect from the government.
 
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Choose the most appropriate option to complete the sentences:
‘Extremely large industrial areas’ can be translated as:
A- Indústrias em areas extremas
B-Grandes e extremas áreas 
C-Áreas industriais extremamente grandes
D-Indústrias em areas muito grandes
E-Extremamente grandes areas de indústria
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2- Her paintings consisted of mainly
A- garden red pictures roses
B- garden red pictures roses
C- roses red garden pictures
D- pictures red garden roses
E- red rose garden pictures
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3- The plane took off at 3:15
A- took off means arrived
B- took off means returned
C- took off means left the ground
D- took off means touch the ground
E- took off means caught the people 
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 Indique a palavra que completa a oração:
1) I don’t like the ______________ of your dress.
	( ) necklace ( ) collar 
2) The teachers asked the students to read a ____________ by Machado de Assis.
	( ) novel ( ) soap opera 
3) As we are not very hungry, let’s have just a ____________.
	( ) lunch ( ) snack 
4) Sidney was a colony for British ____________ till 1482, when it became a city.
	( ) convict ( ) sure 
5) Martin Luther King fought against racial ___________.
	( ) loss ( ) prejudice 
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6) Denim is a ________________ used for making jeans.
	( ) factory ( ) fabric 
7) There was an enormous demonstration against the government’s economic ___________ .
	( ) police ( ) policy 
8) We borrowed that old magazine from the public ____________.
	( ) library ( ) bookstore 
9) The main exit was only three feet ____________.
	( ) large ( ) wide 
10) The _____________ said: “Private farm”. Keep out!
	( ) news ( ) notice 
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11) Aunt Jennie left me all her property when she died because I was the only ____________ she had.
	( ) parent ( ) relative 
12) Nothing can be worse than the ____________ of health.
	( ) loss ( ) prejudice 
13) The robber was ____________ when he was running away from the bank.
	( ) arrested ( ) dragged 
14) The boyfriend didn’t ____________ to hurt his girlfriend’s feelings. 
	( ) pretend ( ) intend 
15) After a short rest, he felt ready to ____________ his work. 
	( ) resume ( ) summarize 
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16) I’m going to buy an ____________in the North.
	( ) state ( ) estate 
17) We are very proud of our daughters’ ____________in their studies.
	( ) exit ( ) success 
18) ____________ are popular TV serials watched by thousands of people.
	( ) novels ( ) soap operas 
19) There is nothing special about that car. It is quite ____________.
	( ) ordinary ( ) disgusting 
20) Professor Spillane will give a ____________ on Maya architecture.
	( ) lecture ( ) reading 
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21) He’s a former ____________. He spent ten years in jail.
	( ) sure ( ) convict
22) May 13, 1888 is the ____________ of the signing of the abolition of slavery in Brazil.
	( ) data ( ) date
23) ____________ believe inflation will fall.
	( ) smart ( ) experts
24) People think he is very wealthy, but ____________ he is too poor.
	( ) actually ( ) nowadays
25) I’m sorry, sir, those shoes are not ____________ in your size.
	( ) available ( ) appraised
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