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Biography: Born in Alexandria in a middle class household, graduated in 1926 Fathy was engineer-architect, musician, dramatist, teacher, professor, and inventor. Ideals: Modern and humane architecture Hassan Fathy re-inspired the living art of adobe architecture leading to the revival of ancient mud brick building techniques Inspired by Pharaonic and traditional Nubian architecture Sustainability, energy conservation and responsible use of natural resources He designed complete communities including utilities and services, country retreats, and special projects and homes. Hassan Fathy had already worked for decades in his beloved Egypt before he designed and built for the homeless community of Gourna, Upper Egypt, which attracted international acclaimRole in the Renascent (reborn) Arabism in architecture Fathy methodically searched for and empirically uncovered an all-but-forgotten method of construction deep within his own cultural context Attention to the value of traditional integrity and cultural identity amidst strong Temple of Ramses Upper Egypt. c.1292-1225 B.C. western influence Temple of Ramses II, Luxor, Egypt c1292-1225 BCThe Earth Tectonic models that express core beginnings of evolution of Arab architecture. Mud architecture stood for more than 1600 years proving its structural stability A mud-brick arch Durability and versatility of the material was discovered and the cultural links established Mediaeval Cairo and the Nubian villages of upper Egypt Nubian craftsmen were masters at constructing domed and vaulted roofs of mud brick which they also used for the walls. The structures were cheap, cool in the summer and the walls were heat-retaining in winter. Making mud bricksEnvironmental and Oa a Air Movement Study Aesthetic aspects of Mud Malkaf Mediaeval Cairo - Muhibb-al-din built around Dorqa'a 1350AD - Part of royal (roofed courtyard) / complex Qa'a Qa'a Mohibb-al-Din is most significant for introducing windcatch or 'Malkaf'. Environmentally sensitive building - predominant use Sahn (alcove) of northerly wind House of Muhilsh Al-Din survey showing air movements through the buildingHassan Fathy developed his own ideas, inculcating traditional Arab styles like the: malkhaf (wind catcher), shukshaykha (lantern dome) mashrabeya (wooden lattice screens) / (Sunshades) qa'a [a central, high-ceilinged upper-story room for receiving guests, constructed so as to provide natural light and ensure ventilation] was supplanted by the ordinary salon, and all such delights as the fountain, salsabil [a fountain or a basin of still water designed to increase air humidity] He encouraged the revival of such ancient crafts as claustra (lattice designs in the mud work) to adorn the buildings.L Salsab Qa'a Beit and Malkaf Qa'a / Shukshaykah and MashrabeyaKamariyya Plastic and stained glass window that do not open and Omriyad Small stained glass openings in star and hexagon - hammanSocio-Economic relations Village predominantly relying on Agriculture - Female interests in Domestic matters such as tending' Livestock and house maintenance Kaolinic clay as building material From nearby caves Each house is different especially the Placement of central courtyard Courtyard is the important outdoor room Reserved for family and friends Two important features are the 'Mandarah' House Aboul-Riche And 'Kheima' - Flat roofed LoggiaKheima service sleep living guest Mandarah Overall, Hassan Fathy showed great Historical and social perspective and A deep concern for climatic and cultural Issues that supercedes social status Or historical chronology 00 Kheima elevation of Plan and elevation of house in Aboul-Riche Section of a house in Aboul-RicheWork: Duality of eastern and western influences and contradictions Early works - tries to emulate British culture Later works - invents a style - incorporated esence of our own heritage Affected by mythology of Orientalism (study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, and peoples by Western scholars ) Philosophy: Rather than believing that people could be behaviorally conditioned by architectural space, Fathy felt human beings, nature and architecture should exist in harmonious balance Architecture is a communal art Reflect personal habits and traditions of a community than reforming or eradicating them Technology - subservient to social values, appropriate to needs SharmFeatures: 1. Seclusion and privacy for family Basic requirement of Islamic society Spaces for family and guests defined 2. Thesis of space Conversion of spaces into set of rules 3. Need for architecture to join rather than separate people from the natural world Eg: Al Sabah house Village of Baris Kharga Oasis - "Suq" Site plan - New Gourna Harraniya weaving village Riad house Ismail abd al razik resthouseBeit Souhemi, Cairo 1648 Family courtyard and formal aktaboosh (Loggia) Formal courtyard (Iwan) Seclusion and privacy for the family , thesis of space6 Principles of Hassan Fathy: 1. Fundamental humanism - primacy of human values in architecture 2. Importance of universal than limited approach 3. Appropriate technology 4. Need for socially oriented, co-operative construction techniques "self help" - eg Village of New Gourna, reconstruction of Sohar, Oman 5. Use of tradition in architecture 6. Reestablishment of national cultural pride through the act of buildingworksProject 1 - Royal Society of Agriculture, Bhatim, Egypt, 1941 Dome reflects sky - still paying symbolic respect Bhatim complex consists of housing, stable for cattle, granaries and a pigeon-cote all organized in within a boundary and pierced by one entry door Dome constructed based on ancient technology - revived [IIIIIIH No supports - centering Royal Society of elevations and plan.Kick-off wall - typical vault and dome construction without supports Typical sequence of and construction in mud brickProject 2 - Ezbet Al Basry, Egypt, 1942 Government housing quarters -Failed to be executed Qa'a Indirect Entry Iwan Taktaboosh Omriyyad Prototype Al-Basry, Egypt. 1942. plan and elevationProject 3 - New Gourna Village, near luxor, Egypt, 1948 Houses arranged in tribes and further into badanas Market place Khan Mosque Theatre Railway Line Market Theatre Housing cluster Badana Village Square MosqueSTREET PATTERN KHAN - INN Mosque - Plan School - PlanMosque Khan New Gourna Vaults and New Egypt, 1948 Vaults & Domes ResthouseProject - 4, New Bariz, Egypt, 1967 Village to accommodate 250 familes. Climatic responsive Orientation towards North-south direction The village center as heart, large mosque, hospital, administration = office, Souk, and a moorish café Mix of people, farmers, n govt. employees, buisnessmen etc0000 000000 Suq New plan. elevation and section of souk New Bariz. Egypt. air inlets00 Project 5 - Fathy House, Sidi Krier, 1971. 4 3 1 2 Fathy Sidi loggia Taktaboosh - Loggia Sidi plan and elevationsOther projects Villas Rural farms, Egypt 1941 Royal society of agricultural farm, Bahtim 1941 Chilean Nitrate company rest house, Safaga 1942 Monastirli house Harraniya weaving villlage 1957 Iraq housing project Riad house New Baris village Al Sabah house New Bariz, Egypt
