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Medición Industrial y Sensores

Herramientas de estudio

Preguntas resueltas

What is the purpose of industrial measurement?
To improve the quality of production
To improve the efficiency of production

What is the purpose of industrial measurement?
To improve the quality of production
To improve the efficiency of production
The measurement can be direct or indirect
The measurement can be quantitative or qualitative

What is the purpose of industrial measurement?
To improve the quality of production
To reduce the efficiency of production
To increase the cost of production
To decrease the safety of production
The purpose of industrial measurement is to improve the quality or efficiency of production.
Measurement can be direct or indirect, quantitative or qualitative.
An element of measurement can have several functions, such as signaling, indication, registration, integration, and transmission.
Sensors receive signals from physical systems and convert them into a more useful signal, such as electrical, mechanical, optical, or chemical.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II and IV are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the functions of an element of measurement?
Signaling
Indication
Registration
Integration
Transmission
An element of measurement can have several functions, such as signaling, indication, registration, integration, and transmission.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II and IV are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What is the basic function of sensors?
To receive signals from physical systems
To convert signals into a more useful form
To process signals for analysis
To generate signals without external power
Sensors receive signals from physical systems and convert them into a more useful signal, such as electrical, mechanical, optical, or chemical.
An element of measurement can have several functions, such as signaling, indication, registration, integration, and transmission.
The primary element of a sensor is the part of the instrument that first uses the energy of the measurement medium to produce a condition that represents the measured variable.
The secondary element of a sensor converts the condition produced by the primary element into a useful condition for the instrument's function.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II and IV are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the type of input signal?
Mechanical
Thermal
Electrical
Magnetic
Radiation
Chemical
Sensors can be classified according to the type of input signal they receive, such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, radiation, and chemical.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II, IV, and V are correct.
c) I, III, and VI are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the nature of the electrical signal generated?
Passive
Active or signal generators
Sensors can be classified according to the nature of the electrical signal they generate, such as passive or active or signal generators.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I and II are correct.
b) II and III are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the type of electrical signal delivered?
Analog
Digital
Sensors can be classified according to the type of electrical signal they deliver, such as analog or digital.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I and II are correct.
b) II and III are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the type of output signal?
Auto-operated
Non-auto-operated
Sensors can be classified according to the type of output signal they deliver, such as auto-operated or non-auto-operated.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I and II are correct.
b) II and III are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

Material
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Preguntas resueltas

What is the purpose of industrial measurement?
To improve the quality of production
To improve the efficiency of production

What is the purpose of industrial measurement?
To improve the quality of production
To improve the efficiency of production
The measurement can be direct or indirect
The measurement can be quantitative or qualitative

What is the purpose of industrial measurement?
To improve the quality of production
To reduce the efficiency of production
To increase the cost of production
To decrease the safety of production
The purpose of industrial measurement is to improve the quality or efficiency of production.
Measurement can be direct or indirect, quantitative or qualitative.
An element of measurement can have several functions, such as signaling, indication, registration, integration, and transmission.
Sensors receive signals from physical systems and convert them into a more useful signal, such as electrical, mechanical, optical, or chemical.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II and IV are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the functions of an element of measurement?
Signaling
Indication
Registration
Integration
Transmission
An element of measurement can have several functions, such as signaling, indication, registration, integration, and transmission.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II and IV are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What is the basic function of sensors?
To receive signals from physical systems
To convert signals into a more useful form
To process signals for analysis
To generate signals without external power
Sensors receive signals from physical systems and convert them into a more useful signal, such as electrical, mechanical, optical, or chemical.
An element of measurement can have several functions, such as signaling, indication, registration, integration, and transmission.
The primary element of a sensor is the part of the instrument that first uses the energy of the measurement medium to produce a condition that represents the measured variable.
The secondary element of a sensor converts the condition produced by the primary element into a useful condition for the instrument's function.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II and IV are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the type of input signal?
Mechanical
Thermal
Electrical
Magnetic
Radiation
Chemical
Sensors can be classified according to the type of input signal they receive, such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, radiation, and chemical.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I, II, and III are correct.
b) II, IV, and V are correct.
c) I, III, and VI are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the nature of the electrical signal generated?
Passive
Active or signal generators
Sensors can be classified according to the nature of the electrical signal they generate, such as passive or active or signal generators.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I and II are correct.
b) II and III are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the type of electrical signal delivered?
Analog
Digital
Sensors can be classified according to the type of electrical signal they deliver, such as analog or digital.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I and II are correct.
b) II and III are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

What are the types of sensors according to the type of output signal?
Auto-operated
Non-auto-operated
Sensors can be classified according to the type of output signal they deliver, such as auto-operated or non-auto-operated.
Analog sensors deliver their signal continuously over time, while digital sensors have a discrete output.
Passive sensors generate signals representative of the measured parameters using an auxiliary source, while active or signal generators generate signals representative of the measured parameters without requiring any power source.
The operating element is the part of the instrument used to record, signal, integrate, transmit, or indicate.
a) I and II are correct.
b) II and III are correct.
c) I, III, and IV are correct.
d) All statements are correct.

Vista previa del material en texto

MEDICIÓN
• El propósito de la medición industrial es mejorar la 
calidad o la eficiencia de la producción.
• La medición puede ser:
– Directa
– Indirecta
– Cuantitativa 
– Cualitativa
FUNCIONES DE UN ELEMENTO DE MEDICIÓN
• SEÑALIZACIÓN (p.e. alarmas)
• INDICACIÓN (escala y un indicador)
• REGISTRO (sobre papel)
• INTEGRACIÓN ( p.e. medidor de luz, gas, etc.)
• TRANSMISIÓN (p.e. termocupla, etc.)
• Cualquier combinación de estas funciones puede 
encontrarse en un elemento de medición.
SENSORES
• La instrumentación y la teoría de control basan sus 
desarrollos en la necesidad de adquirir señales que 
provienen del medio con el fin de ser procesadas y 
analizadas. 
• Dado que la instrumentación comienza con la 
medición, el conocimiento de los instrumentos de 
medición ayudará a lograr proyectos más seguros, 
óptimos y rentables.
• Los sensores tienen la función básica de recibir las 
señales provenientes de los sistemas físicos. Por lo 
tanto, podrán encontrarse tantos sensores como 
señales físicas requieran ser procesadas.
SENSORES
• Basado en el principio de conversión de energía, el 
sensor toma una señal física (fuerza, presión, 
sonido, temperatura, etc.) y la convierte en otra 
señal más útil (eléctrica, mecánica, óptica, química, 
etc.), de acuerdo a la instrumentación aplicada. 
• En sentido general, un sensor puede incluir varias 
etapas de transducción, denominándose primario al
sensor que actúa en la primera etapa.
ELEMENTO PRIMARIO (SENSOR): Parte del instrumento que primero 
utiliza la energía del medio de medición para producir una condición que 
representa la variable medida.
ELEMENTO SECUNDARIO: Convierte la condición producida por el 
elemento primario en una condición útil para la función del instrumento.
ELEMENTO DE MANIPULACIÓN: Realiza operaciones en respuesta a 
la condición producida por el elemento secundario.
Clasificación de los sensores
Según el tipo de señal de entrada:
Mecánica: longitud, área, volumen, masa, flujo, fuerza, torque, presión, 
velocidad, aceleración, longitud de onda, posición, intensidad acústica. 
Térmica: temperatura, calor, entropía, flujo de calor. 
Eléctrica: tensión, corriente, resistencia, inductancia, capacitancia, carga, 
campo eléctrico, frecuencia, constante dieléctrica, momento dipolar. 
Magnética: intensidad de campo, densidad de flujo, momento magnético, 
permeabilidad. 
Radiación: intensidad, longitud de onda, polarización, fase, reflectancia,
transmitancia, índice de refracción. 
Química: concentración, potencial redox, avance de reacción, PH.
Según el tipo de señal entregada por el sensor:
Analógicos: La gran mayoría de sensores entregan su señal de manera 
continua en el tiempo. 
Digitales: Son dispositivos cuya salida es discreta. Ejemplos: 
codificadores de posición, codificadores incrementales, codificadores 
absolutos, resonadores de cuarzo, galgas acústicas, cilindros vibrantes, 
de ondas superficiales, caudalímetros de vórtices digitales.
Clasificación de los sensores
Según la naturaleza de la señal eléctrica generada:
Pasivos: Generan señales representativas de las magnitudes a medir 
por medio de una fuente auxiliar. Por ejemplo, sensores de parámetros 
variables (de resistencia variable, de capacidad variable, de inductancia 
variable). 
Activos o generadores de señal: Generan señales representativas de 
las magnitudes a medir sin requerir de fuente alguna de alimentación. 
Por ejemplo, sensores piezoeléctricos, fotovoltaicos, termoeléctricos, 
electroquímicos, magnetoeléctricos
Clasificación de los sensores
• ELEMENTO DE FUNCIONAMIENTO
– Es la parte del instrumento usada para: registrar, 
señalar, integrar, transmitir o indicar.
INSTRUMENTOS MANUALES
p.e. Puente de Wheatstone
INSTRUMENTOS AUTOMÁTICOS
p.e. Termómetro de vidrio
AUTOOPERADOS
p.e Termómetro de vidrio
NO AUTOOPERADOS
- Necesitan de energía externa (aire comprimido, 
electricidad, etc)