Project Management - Marcos

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CCT College Dublin
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Porto Maravilha: a large-scale project of modern times
Marcos Antonio Ribeiro Junior
2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION	3
2 ANALYSING ‘PORTO MARAVILHA’	4
3 CONCLUSION	7
5 REFERENCES	7
1 INTRODUCTION
Many decaying regions occupy major and strategic neighbourhoods, which have significant spatial potential for adopting a variety of new uses, therefore urban regeneration operations can be considered as great prospects. As a result, these procedures become vehicles for enacting urban reforms capable of not only reversing the destructive trend, but also laying the groundwork for a more consistent and long-term growth.
These spaces can be put to new uses in order to encourage urban development in the direction of a more efficient and integrated coexistence with adjacent districts. In this setting, urban regeneration provides favourable externalities for larger areas, resulting in a virtuous growth cycle. However, its implementation is not linear, and it entails a series of complicated and interrelated activities, with long-term consequences.
On the one hand, desertion and emptying contribute to substantial social problems; on the other hand, they serve as a catalyst for major physical urban modifications that would be difficult or impossible to achieve in overcrowded, densely populated, and expensive places. 
This is the occasion of various former port regions across the world that, as their economic activity declined, gave rise to enormous unused waterfront areas and contained regeneration efforts with massive urban transformations, such as Porto Maravilha in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Because of its goal of implementing sustainable urban mobility concepts, significant urban physical transformations, recent implementation, project pioneerism, the city's international visibility, and significant influence in Brazilian and Latin American contexts, as well as data accessibility, the Porto Maravilha project in Rio de Janeiro was chosen. In addition, Rio de Janeiro's urban shape is unique, with a huge and dispersed presence of 'favelas' on the city's hills, posing significant transportation issues.
The purpose of the Porto Maravilha Urban Operation is to develop a new level of habitation for Rio de Janeiro's waterfront neighborhood, therefore removing its reputation. Its goal is to create a lively city center in Rio de Janeiro, where a sustainable urbanized area and a contemporary multimodal transportation system merge with the region's historical and architectural legacy.
2 ANALYSING ‘PORTO MARAVILHA’
Porto Maravilha, which began in 2009 in preparation for the 2016 Olympic Games, is Rio de Janeiro's largest urban renovation project in recent decades. According to the Porto Maravilha official website, the project was described as an opportunity to transform the city's old port region into a thriving commercial hub and major tourist attraction, ensuring that the area's population benefits from revitalization to improve their quality of life without having to leave the area.
“The purpose of the Urban Operation Consortium is to promote AEIU urban restructuring, through the expansion, articulation and requalification of public spaces within port area, aiming to improve the quality of life of its current and future residents, in addition to environmental and socioeconomic sustainable development.” (Complementary Law Nº 101, 2009, Art 2º). The project's basic statute (Municipal Law 101/2009) required the government to take activities that would benefit the local population's social and economic growth. Attempts at forced evictions, a lack of openness, bad use of public funds, and project failure ultimately marred the project.
One issue is that the project never intended to ensure the former residents' claim to the city. The initiative exemplifies the habit of whitewashing Brazil's shameful past and obfuscating Rio's low-income residents.
In a significant urban change project like Porto Maravilha, which causes uncertainty and resistance, political and institutional support and engagement are vital to success. The mayor's commitment to the project is critical for mainstreaming and legitimizing it. The UCO Porto Maravilha highlights how LVC allows communities to take the lead in the process while keeping a long-term perspective on the city's development.
Brazil's public works face a difficult historical backdrop, with a huge number of incomplete projects and low quality indices. Part of the issue derives from the typical public works procurement paradigm, which requires the lowest-cost bid to be chosen. A big portion of the populace was concerned that this would be another incomplete project. However, in opposition to what majority believed, this project was completed with 7 years life cycle when it was concluded on time[footnoteRef:1], mainly by the government and the private sector[footnoteRef:2]. The project encompasses a total area of 5 million m² and is home to 32,000 people (2012). One key goal is to grow the region's residential population from 32,000 to 100,000 people in ten years, as well as to improve the level of public services available. [1: Element time] [2: Element people] 
The need for investments in public transit, the low green space cover (only 2.5%), persistent flooding in some areas, outmoded rubbish collection and sanitation systems, and the need for architectural heritage preservation were all cited as major urban concerns. As a result of the sustainable measures, the green area cover will rise from 5% to 11%, enhancing soil permeability.
The first one concentrated on infrastructure projects such as sewage, drinking-water, telecommunications, and public lighting networks. New water galleries were built to address flooding issues, taking into account rising sea levels in the near future. The Rio Museum of Art (MAR), which opened on March 1, 2013, was also built in the first phase by the city administration.
The second phase will concentrate on a new urban mobility paradigm that places a premium on pedestrians and public transportation. The principal projects include the development of Binário Avenue, an Underground Express Highway, and a 28-kilometer Light Rail Transit Lane (LRT).
The municipality used a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model to arrange 15-year concessions for urban services and infrastructure restoration (such as light rail construction), which were financed by CEPAC sales. The concession contract's extended lifespan assured investors that the political risk [footnoteRef:3]of implementing essential urban investments would be minimal. However, the establishment of a dedicated firm decreased the institutional risks associated with this complicated intervention, which encompassed multiple departments managed by various administrative sectors. [3: Element risk] 
The lack of knowledge on the existing hydraulic, electrical, gas, and communication infrastructure posed a significant difficulty for Porto Maravilha's implementation. Building a new totally subterranean infrastructure in a location with absolutely no records necessitated a high level of flexibility and continual project revisions.
Integrated refrigeration and heating services, underground parking, kiosk installation, and data transmission services were all examined during the Porto Maravilha implementation, but the bulk of them were not implemented.
The area of the project, which costed the City of Rio R$2.5 million (US$625,000)[footnoteRef:4], can now accommodate up to 144 start-ups. While such incentives are welcome in Rio's sluggish economy, they are likely to result in increases in land and property values, causing yet another setback for the region's majority low-income population. [4: Element cost] 
The project achieved great public transformations and improvements, such as: 4 km of tunnels are being built, allowing for greater public places for pedestrians and cyclists. 700 km of public sanitation, sewage, and drainage networks will be rebuilt; 70 kmof streets and 650,000 m2 of sidewalks will be renovated; 17 km of bicycle lanes will be built; 15,000 trees will be planted; and investments in public transit will be made. Light Rail Transit (LRT) is being built for 28 kilometers and will be connected to the intermodal public transit system (Bus Rapid Transit -BRT, urban trains, bus networks and subway lines).
Unlike other Brazilian initiatives, City Hall elected to sell all CEPACs in a single share in Rio, ensuring that all resources were accessible before the Urban Operation began. The concession also includes the management of all public services in the region until 2026 (such as traffic control, rubbish collection, public lighting, road and public space maintenance), whereas most PPPs focus just on construction projects.
3 CONCLUSION
Many benefits were brought with the successful conclusion of Porto Maravilha Project. As a result of the sustainable measures, the green area cover will rise from 5% to 11%, enhancing soil permeability. Additionally, contamination of water, air, and noise will be greatly decreased. Furthermore, the implementation of a new mobility system that prioritizes walkers, bicycles, and environmentally friendly public transportation would boost traffic flow capacity. The port region has a significant development potential due to its strategic location. It is one of Rio's transit convergence spots. Its goal is to boost traffic flow by 50 percent. 
The financing model of the Porto Maravilha Operation is its fundamental innovation. It is the outcome of a creative combination of numerous excellent urban governance and systems. The Brazilian City Statute calls for municipalities to form urban operations public-private partnerships to rehabilitate degraded areas.
The legal system in Porto Maravilha is made up of both national and municipal laws. Innovative techniques like multimodal urban transportation and the Porto Maravilha finance model can be adopted and copied based on the unique characteristics and legislation of each city.
5 REFERENCES
Metropolis.org. (2019). StackPath. [online] Available at: https://use.metropolis.org/case-studies/porto-maravilha-urban-operation#casestudydetail.
PORTO MARAVILHA -CASE STUDY. (n.d.). [online] Available at: https://www.thegpsc.org/sites/gpsc/files/2._porto_maravilha.pdf [Accessed 13 Nov. 2021].
Resultados, AM4-A.I. de (n.d.). Porto Maravilha - Rio de Janeiro. [online] www.portomaravilha.com.br. Available at: https://www.portomaravilha.com.br/conteudo/estudos/academicos/Urban%20Revitalization%20and%20Sustainable%20Urban%20Mobility.pdf [Accessed 13 Nov. 2021].
Resultados, AM4-A.I. de (n.d.). Summary. [online] portomaravilha.com.br. Available at: https://portomaravilha.com.br/summary [Accessed 13 Nov. 2021].
RioOnWatch. (2019). “Marvelous Port,” Rio’s Largest Urban Redevelopment Project, 10 Years On. [online] Available at: https://rioonwatch.org/?p=56700 [Accessed 13 Nov. 2021].
www.hyderabad2014.metropolis.org. (n.d.). 2nd Prize – Rio de Janeiro | Hyderabad 2014. [online] Available at: https://www.hyderabad2014.metropolis.org/2nd-prize-rio-de-janeiro/ [Accessed 13 Nov. 2021].
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