Língua Inglesa para Escriturário - BB - 2021 - 2

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Língua Inglesa para Escriturário - BB - 2021(
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/s/Q1fKPX )
Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Questão 201: CESGRANRIO - Aud Jr (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/2016
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Transportation in Geography
 
The world is obviously not a place where features such as resources, people and economic activities are randomly distributed; there is a logic, or an order, to spatial
distribution. Geography seeks to understand the spatial order of things as well as their interactions, particularly when the spatial order is less evident. Transportation is
one element of this spatial order as it is at the same time influenced by geography as well as having an influence on it. For instance, the path followed by a road is
influenced by regional economic and physical attributes, but once constructed the same road will shape future regional developments.
 
Transportation is of relevance to geography for two main reasons. First, transport infrastructures, terminals, modes and networks occupy an important place in space and
constitute the basis of a complex spatial system. Second, since geography seeks to explain spatial relationships, transport networks are of specific interest because they
are the main physical support of these interactions.
 
Transport geography, as a discipline, emerged as a branch of economic geography in the second half of the twentieth century. In earlier considerations, particularly in
commercial geography (late 19th and early 20th century), transportation was an important factor behind the economic representations of the geographic space, namely in
terms of the location of economic activities and the monetary costs of distance. These cost considerations became the foundation of several geographical theories such as
central places and location analysis. The growing mobility of passengers and freight justified the emergence of transport geography as a specialized field of investigation.
 
In the 1960s, transport had to be formalized as key factors in location theories and transport geography began to rely increasingly on quantitative methods, particularly
over network and spatial interactions analysis. However, from the 1970s, technical, political and economic changes challenged the centrality of transportation in many
geographical and regional development investigations. The strong spatial anchoring effect of high transportation costs receded and decentralization was a dominant
paradigm that was observed within cities (suburbanization), but also within regions. The spatial theory foundations of transport geography, particularly the friction of
distance, became less relevant, or less evident, in explaining socioeconomic processes. As a result, transportation became underrepresented in economic geography in the
1970s and 1980s, even if the mobility of people and freight and low transport costswere considered as important factors behind the globalization of trade and production.
 
Since the 1990s, transport geography has received renewed attention with new realms of investigation. The issues of mobility, production and distribution became
interrelated in a complex geographical setting where the local, regional and global became increasingly blurred through the development of new passengers and freight
transport systems (Hoyle and Knowles, 1998). For instance, suburbanization resulted in an array of challenges related to congestion and automobile dependency. Rapid
urbanization in developing economies underlined the challenges of transport infrastructure investment for private as well as collective uses. Globalization supported the
development of complex air and maritime transportation networks, many of which supporting global supply chains and trade relations across long distances. The role of
information and communication technologies was also being felt, often as a support or as an alternative to mobility. All of the above were linked with new and expanded
mobilities of passengers, freight and information.
 
Adapted from: <https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch1en/ conc1en/ch1c1en.html>. Retrieved on: Jan. 9th, 2015.
The text points out two main reasons why transportation is of relevance to geography.
 
These two reasons are: 
 a) Economic goods are distributed by transportation; transportation structures occupy a place in space. 
 b) Transportation infrastructures occupy an important place in space; transportation infrastructures are considered the main support to spatial interactions. 
 c) Roads shape regional developments; roads are elements of spatial order. 
 d) There is a logic to spatial distribution; the spatial distribution is influenced by transportation structures. 
 e) Economic features are randomly distributed in space; this distribution in space is illogical.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/386545
Questão 202: CESGRANRIO - Seg Of (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/Náutica/2016
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
From Security to Efficiency: Modern Vessel Tracking
More so than many other fields of business, the maritime industry is focused on cost, which in turn gives the appearance of being conservative towards technology.
Certainly, we have technical ships magnificently operating with equipment that wouldn’t look out of place in a NASA lab, but generally, it can take decades for a
technology to become mainstream. Unless it becomes mandated by the IMO (International Maritime Organization). Vessel tracking is a partial exception to the rule
though, with many fleet owners realizing its potential for more cost-effective operation and personnel security.
Knowing the exact position of all vessels in a fleet, in a software solution designed to fit with your own logistical processes, can significantly improve efficiency. If a ship
arrives early or late, more often than not there will be an associated cost. If this can be identified during transit then the early or late arrival can be negated or at least
planned for. Likewise, if by knowing the positions of your fleet of workboats means that you can route the closest vessel to the next job, then significant fuel cost savings
can be made. With modern tracking systems, the way data is used is just as important as knowing where a vessel is at all times. But there are countless ways to apply
the data to the benefit of efficiency for a single ship or fleet. So providing easy and reliable access to position reports is essential.
A new tracking unit
RockFLEET is an advanced new tracking unit for the professional maritime environment. During its design phase, the team decided that in order for the position data it
provides to be of the most use, as well as being available via Rock Seven’s own fleet viewer ‘The Core,’ it must also be available in any software system the user chooses.
Using a standards-based API (Application Programming Interface.), the customer can integrate tracking data from RockFLEET into their own applications. Typically this
means that RockFLEET tracked assets can be added to existing fleet management software, which invariably is designed around an owner or operators own logistics.
With precise vessel location data available, the opportunities are unlimited and only down to the creativity of the user. For instance, a current Rock Seven customer uses
location data to manage payroll of personnel. Essentially, personnel get paid different amounts depending on whether the ship is at sea, in international waters, in port or
transiting regions with high piracy incidents.
RockFLEET, a unique device
The above user is a private security company involved in anti-piracy operations. It actually gets location data using RockSTAR, the handheld version of RockFLEET, which
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is a new fixed unit that can be fitted anywhere on board. Completely waterproof and with no moving parts, it is a robust, ultra-compact (13cm diameter/4cm high) device
with multiple mounting options. The physical design of RockFLEET was in part driven by the security challenges faced by vessels facing the issues of modern piracy.
 
The unit itself is designed to look anonymous; as standard there’s no name on the outside. It works from ship’s power, but it uniquely has a backup battery inside. Which
is important should a vessel be hijacked and the main power cut.
 
Knowing the location of all friendly vessels in a region is vital to organisations with a stake in ensuring safe passage through known piracy hotspots. With an operational
vessel/fleet tracking system, ship owners and fleet managers will know where their ships are at all times. This information can be fed to authorities, private anti-piracy
companies and the naval forces patrolling piracy hotspots to build a clear, near real-time picture for domain awareness. The value of this information should a vessel be
hijacked is obvious: knowing the last whereabouts of a vessel provides responders with a starting point should a hijacked vessel’s tracking system be disabled by pirates.
 
Today’s pirates know that many commercial vessels are tracked, especially those would be targets sailing in what are known to be hostile waters. So disabling vessel
tracking equipment on board is a sensible action for said pirates after a hijacked ship’s crew have been subdued and because most tracking units are powered by the
vessel, finding and cutting the power supply isn’t hard. RockFLEET, however, is the only device of its kind with an internal battery backup, so it can continue to transmit
position for up to two weeks if external power is cut.
 
With facility to mount covertly, this makes it especially suitable for vessels traversing piracy hotspots.
Available at: <http://maritime-connector.com/from-
security-toeffi ciency-modern-vessel-tracking/>. Retrieved on: Jan, 7th, 2015. Adapted.
 
According to the text, vessel tracking systems can be used to provide all the benefits below, EXCEPT 
 a) identifying the location of all pirate vessels in hostile waters. 
 b) knowing the accurate position of all vessels in a fleet. 
 c) using location data to manage payroll of personnel. 
 d) enhancing the efficiency of a single ship or fleet. 
 e) allowing significant savings in fuel costs.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/465875
Questão 203: CESGRANRIO - TRPDACGN (ANP)/ANP/Técnico em Química/2016
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Obama Rejects Keystone XL Pipeline
Why Keystone XL Is Dead
 
President Obama announced Friday morning that he has denied TransCanada’s permit application to build the Keystone XL oil pipeline in the U.S.
 
“The State Department has decided that the Keystone XL pipeline would not serve the national interest of the United States,” Obama said. “I agree with that decision.”
 
Obama said America is a global leader on taking action on climate change, and approving Keystone XL would have undercut that leadership. Some crude oil needs to be
left in the ground to keep the climate from warming further, and rejecting Keystone XL will help meet that goal, he said.
 
Among the reasons for rejecting Keystone XL, Obama said the pipeline would not make a meaningful long-term contribution to the U.S. economy, nor would it increase
U.S. energy security or help to lower gas prices, which have already declined dramatically over the last year.
 
TransCanada said in a statement that it “would review all of its options in light of a permit denial for Keystone XL,” including the possibility of filing a new permit
application for a pipeline.
 
“TransCanada and its shippers remain absolutely committed to building this important energy infrastructure project,” TransCanada CEO Russ Girling said in a statement.
 
State Department officials said at a news conference Friday that TransCanada is free to apply for a new permit to build a cross-border pipeline and it is up to the company
to do so.
 
The $8 billion Keystone XL pipeline was slated to stretch 1,179 miles from east-central Alberta, Canada, to the Texas Gulf Coast. It would transport 830,000 barrels of
crude oil per day from the Canadian tar sands to refineries near Houston. Proposed in 2008, the 875-mile section between the Canadian border and Steele City, Neb.,
needed State Department approval because it crossed an international border.
 
Other parts of TransCanada’s Keystone Project between central Nebraska and Texas have already been built and are carrying tar sands oil to refineries along the Gulf
Coast today. Environmental advocates have rallied against the unbuilt portion and urged the Obama administration to reject it, saying emissions from the production and
burning of tar sands oil it would carry could worsen climate change.
 
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency calculated that the tar sands oil the pipeline would carry is highly damaging to the climate, emitting about 1.3 billion more tons
of greenhouse emissions over the pipeline’s 50-year lifespan than if it were carrying conventional crude oil. The production of tar sands oil releases 17 percent more CO2
into the atmosphere than the average barrel of crude oil produced elsewhere, according to the State Department.
 
“Construction of the Keystone XL pipeline would be inconsistent with stabilizing global warming below dangerous levels,” Penn State University climate scientist Michael
Mann said. “I am pleased that the administration has made good on their promise to take seriously the task of acting on climate by rejecting the construction of the
pipeline.”
 
Available at: <http://www.scientifi camerican.com/article/obamarejects-keystone-xl-pipeline/>. Retrieved on: Nov. 10th, 2015. Adapted
 
After reading the 10th paragraph of the text, one can infer that
 a) the pipeline would release 1.3 billion tons of greenhouse emissions in 50 years if it carried tar sands oil.
 b) the pipeline would release 1.3 billion tons of greenhouse emissions in 50 years if it carried conventional crude oil.
 c) the pipeline would release the same volume of greenhouse emissions in 50 years no matter what kind of oil it carried.
 d) greenhouse emissions would be increased in about 1.3 billion tons in 50 years if the pipeline carried tar sands oil.
 e) greenhouse emissions would be increased in about 1.3 billion tons in 50 years if the pipeline carried conventional crude oil.
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/348522
Questão 204: CESGRANRIO - Aud Jr (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/2016
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Transportation in Geography
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The world is obviously not a place where features such as resources, people and economic activities are randomly distributed; there is a logic, or an order, to spatial
distribution. Geography seeks to understand the spatial order of things as well as their interactions, particularly when the spatial order is less evident. Transportation is
one element of this spatial order as it is at the same time influenced by geography as well as having an influence on it. For instance, the path followed by a road is
influenced by regional economic and physical attributes, but once constructed the same road will shape future regional developments.
 
Transportation is of relevance to geography for two main reasons. First, transport infrastructures, terminals, modes and networks occupy an important place in space and
constitute the basis of a complex spatial system. Second, since geography seeks to explain spatial relationships, transport networksare of specific interest because they
are the main physical support of these interactions.
 
Transport geography, as a discipline, emerged as a branch of economic geography in the second half of the twentieth century. In earlier considerations, particularly in
commercial geography (late 19th and early 20th century), transportation was an important factor behind the economic representations of the geographic space, namely in
terms of the location of economic activities and the monetary costs of distance. These cost considerations became the foundation of several geographical theories such as
central places and location analysis. The growing mobility of passengers and freight justified the emergence of transport geography as a specialized field of investigation.
 
In the 1960s, transport had to be formalized as key factors in location theories and transport geography began to rely increasingly on quantitative methods, particularly
over network and spatial interactions analysis. However, from the 1970s, technical, political and economic changes challenged the centrality of transportation in many
geographical and regional development investigations. The strong spatial anchoring effect of high transportation costs receded and decentralization was a dominant
paradigm that was observed within cities (suburbanization), but also within regions. The spatial theory foundations of transport geography, particularly the friction of
distance, became less relevant, or less evident, in explaining socioeconomic processes. As a result, transportation became underrepresented in economic geography in the
1970s and 1980s, even if the mobility of people and freight and low transport costswere considered as important factors behind the globalization of trade and production.
 
Since the 1990s, transport geography has received renewed attention with new realms of investigation. The issues of mobility, production and distribution became
interrelated in a complex geographical setting where the local, regional and global became increasingly blurred through the development of new passengers and freight
transport systems (Hoyle and Knowles, 1998). For instance, suburbanization resulted in an array of challenges related to congestion and automobile dependency. Rapid
urbanization in developing economies underlined the challenges of transport infrastructure investment for private as well as collective uses. Globalization supported the
development of complex air and maritime transportation networks, many of which supporting global supply chains and trade relations across long distances. The role of
information and communication technologies was also being felt, often as a support or as an alternative to mobility. All of the above were linked with new and expanded
mobilities of passengers, freight and information.
 
Adapted from: <https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch1en/ conc1en/ch1c1en.html>. Retrieved on: Jan. 9th, 2015.
 
From the sentence in the text “Since the 1990s, transport geography has received renewed attention with new realms of investigation”, it can be concluded that transport
geography
 a) received new realms of investigation at the end of the 1990s. 
 b) was only studied with new realms of investigation in the 1990s. 
 c) was only studied with new realms of investigation before the 1990s. 
 d) was only studied with new realms of investigation at the beginning of the 1990s. 
 e) started being studied with new realms of investigation at the beginning of the 1990s that are still being applied to its study nowadays.
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/386554
Questão 205: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Ênfase em Vendas a Rede Automotiva/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles
on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have
substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase,
perhaps substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take
you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance
costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem
parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor
Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy
Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production
process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed
automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5
miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
 
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine
designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which
would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline
can be nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations
for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling
equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that
network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the
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vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressednatural
gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.
[...]
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/
natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.
 
 
The sentence of the text “But were production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down” has the same meaning as: 
 a) Economies of scale would reduce production and prices significantly. 
 b) Economies of scale would be one of the conditions for the decrease of prices. 
 c) Production would increase unless economies of scale brought prices down. 
 d) Production would increase significantly if economies of scale didn’t bring the prices down. 
 e) Prices would not go down although the production increased.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601493
Questão 206: CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/"Sem Área"/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Financial System
People have virtually unlimited needs, but the economic resources to supply those needs are limited. Therefore, the greatest benefit of an economy is to provide the most
desirable consumer goods and services in the most desirable amounts - what is known as the efficient allocation of economic resources. To produce these consumer
goods and services requires capital in the form of labor, land, capital goods used to produce a desired product or service, and entrepreneurial ability to use these
resources together to the greatest efficiency in producing what consumers want most. Real capital consists of the land, labor, tools and machinery, and entrepreneurial
ability to produce consumer goods and services, and to acquire real capital costs money.
 
The financial system of an economy provides the means to collect money from the people who have it and distribute it to those who can use it best. Hence, the efficient
allocation of economic resources is achieved by a financial system that allocates money to those people and for those purposes that will yield the greatest return.
The financial system is composed of the products and services provided by financial institutions, which include banks, insurance companies, pension funds, organized
exchanges, and the many other companies that serve to facilitate economic transactions. Virtually all economic transactions are effected by one or more of these financial
institutions. They create financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, pay interest on deposits, lend money to creditworthy borrowers, and create and maintain the
payment systems of modern economies.
These financial products and services are basedon the following fundamental objectives of any modern financial system:
to provide a payment system;
to give money time value;
to offer products and services to reduce financial risk or to compensate risk-taking for desirableobjectives;
to collect and disperse information that allows the most efficient allocation of economic resources;
to create and maintain financial markets that provide prices, which indicates how well investments are performing, which also determines the subsequent
allocation of resources, and to maintain economic stability.
Available at: <http://thismatter.com/money/banking/ financial-system.htm>. Retrieved on: July 27th, 2015. Adapted.
 
From the sentence of the text “The financial system of an economy provides the means to collect money from the people who have it and distribute it to those who can
use it best”, it can be inferred that people who 
 a) can use the money most efficiently are those who have much money. 
 b) operate the financial system of an economy collect and distribute money the best way. 
 c) receive the distributed money don’t know how to use it best. 
 d) have much money and know how to use it best are the same.
 e) operate the financial system of an economy collect themoney and keep it.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/304203
Questão 207: CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/"Sem Área"/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Why Millennials Don’t Like Credit Cards
by Holly Johnson
Cheap, easy credit might have been tempting to young people in the past, but not to today’s millennials. According to a recent survey by Bankrate of over 1,161
consumers, 63% of adults ages 18 to 29 live without a credit card of any kind, and another 23% only carry one card.
The Impact of the Great Recession
Research shows that the environment millennials grew up in might have an impact on their finances. Unlike other generations, millennials lived through economic
hardships during a time when their adult lives were beginning. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Great Recession caused millennials to stray from historic
patterns when it comes to purchasing a home and having children, and a fear of credit cards could be another symptom of the economic environment of the times.
 
And there’s much data when it comes to proving that millennials grew up on shaky economic ground. The Pew Research Center reports that 36% of millennials lived at
home with their parents in 2012. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate for people ages 16 to 24 was 14.2% (more than twice the national rate) in early 2014, according to
the BLS. With those figures, it’s no wonder that millennials are skittish when it comes to credit cards. It makes sense that young people would be afraid to take on any
new forms of debt.
A Generation Plagued with Student Loan Debt
 
But the Great Recession isn’t the only reason millennials could be fearful of credit. Many experts believe that the nation’s student loan debt level might be related to it.
According to the Institute for College Access & Success, 71% of millennials (or 1.3 million students) who graduated from college in 2012 left school with at least some
student loan debt, with the average amount owed around $29,400.
 
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With so much debt already under their belts, millennials are worried about adding any credit card debt to the pile. After all, many adults with student loan debt need to
make payments for years, and even decades.
How Millennials Can Build Credit Without a Credit Card
The fact that millennials are smart enough to avoid credit card debt is a good thing, but that doesn’t mean the decision has its drawbacks. According to Experian, most
adults need a positive credit history in order to qualify for an auto loan or mortgage. Even 
worse, having no credit history is almost as bad as having a negative credit history in some cases.
 
Still, there are plenty of ways millennials can build a credit history without a credit card. A few tips:
 
Make payments on installment loans on time. Whether it’s a car loan, student loan or personal loan, make sure to mail in those payments on time and pay at least
the minimum amount required.
Put at least one household or utility bill in your name. Paying your utility or household bills on time can help you build a positive credit history.
Get a secured credit card. Unlike traditional credit cards, the funds secured credit cards offer are backed by money the user deposits. Signing up for a secured card
is one way to build a positive credit history without any risk.
The fact that millennials are leery of credit cards is probably a good thing in the long run. After all, not having a credit card is the perfect way to stay out of credit card
debt. Even though it might be harder to build a credit history without credit cards, the vast majority of millennials have decided that the plastic just isn’t worth it.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/my-money/2014/11/04/why-millennials-dont-like-creditcards>.Retrieved on: Nov. 10th, 2014. Adapted.
 
The sentence of the text “With so much debt already under their belts, millennials are worried about adding any credit card debt to the pile” conveys the idea that
millenials have 
 a) piles of bills to pay every month, but they can use their credit cards moderately. 
 b) so many bills to pay that credit card bills wouldn’t make much difference. 
 c) so many bills to pay that they have to sell their belongings. 
 d) so much debt to pay that they can’t afford another one. 
 e) no credit cards simply because they don’t like them.
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/266087
Questão 208: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Ênfase em Vendas a Rede Automotiva/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles
on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have
substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase,
perhaps substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take
you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance
costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem
parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor
Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy
Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production
process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed
automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5
miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
 
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine
designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which
would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline
can be nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations
for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling
equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that
network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the
vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressed natural
gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.
[...]
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/
natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.
 
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According to the 6th paragraph in the text (lines 43-52), one of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy goals for the fleet in the United States is average 54.5 miles per
gallon 
 a) in 2025 
 b) prior 2025 
 c) around 2025 
 d) sometime before 2025 
 e) not later than 2025
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601496
Questão 209: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Ênfase em Vendas a Rede Automotiva/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles
on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have
substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase,
perhaps substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take
you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance
costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem
parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor
Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy
Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into accountthe natural gas production
process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed
automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5
miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
 
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine
designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which
would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline
can be nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations
for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling
equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that
network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the
vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressed natural
gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.
[...]
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/
natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to 
 a) defend the use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel. 
 b) compare the use of natural gas vehicles in different countries. 
 c) establish the technical aspects of the use of natural gas vehicles. 
 d) analyze the immediate economic advantages of natural gas vehicles. 
 e) highlight environmental protection advantages of natural gas vehicles in the long run.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601490
Questão 210: CESGRANRIO - Esc BB/BB/"Sem Área"/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Why Millennials Don’t Like Credit Cards
by Holly Johnson
Cheap, easy credit might have been tempting to young people in the past, but not to today’s millennials. According to a recent survey by Bankrate of over 1,161
consumers, 63% of adults ages 18 to 29 live without a credit card of any kind, and another 23% only carry one card.
The Impact of the Great Recession
Research shows that the environment millennials grew up in might have an impact on their finances. Unlike other generations, millennials lived through economic
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hardships during a time when their adult lives were beginning. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Great Recession caused millennials to stray from historic
patterns when it comes to purchasing a home and having children, and a fear of credit cards could be another symptom of the economic environment of the times.
 
And there’s much data when it comes to proving that millennials grew up on shaky economic ground. The Pew Research Center reports that 36% of millennials lived at
home with their parents in 2012. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate for people ages 16 to 24 was 14.2% (more than twice the national rate) in early 2014, according to
the BLS. With those figures, it’s no wonder that millennials are skittish when it comes to credit cards. It makes sense that young people would be afraid to take on any
new forms of debt.
A Generation Plagued with Student Loan Debt
 
But the Great Recession isn’t the only reason millennials could be fearful of credit. Many experts believe that the nation’s student loan debt level might be related to it.
According to the Institute for College Access & Success, 71% of millennials (or 1.3 million students) who graduated from college in 2012 left school with at least some
student loan debt, with the average amount owed around $29,400.
 
With so much debt already under their belts, millennials are worried about adding any credit card debt to the pile. After all, many adults with student loan debt need to
make payments for years, and even decades.
How Millennials Can Build Credit Without a Credit Card
The fact that millennials are smart enough to avoid credit card debt is a good thing, but that doesn’t mean the decision has its drawbacks. According to Experian, most
adults need a positive credit history in order to qualify for an auto loan or mortgage. Even 
worse, having no credit history is almost as bad as having a negative credit history in some cases.
 
Still, there are plenty of ways millennials can build a credit history without a credit card. A few tips:
 
Make payments on installment loans on time. Whether it’s a car loan, student loan or personal loan, make sure to mail in those payments on time and pay at least
the minimum amount required.
Put at least one household or utility bill in your name. Paying your utility or household bills on time can help you build a positive credit history.
Get a secured credit card. Unlike traditional credit cards, the funds secured credit cards offer are backed by money the user deposits. Signing up for a secured card
is one way to build a positive credit history without any risk.
The fact that millennials are leery of credit cards is probably a good thing in the long run. After all, not having a credit card is the perfect way to stay out of credit card
debt. Even though it might be harder to build a credit history without credit cards, the vast majority of millennials have decided that the plastic just isn’t worth it.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/my-money/2014/11/04/why-millennials-dont-like-creditcards>. Retrieved on: Nov. 10th, 2014. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to 
 a) explain the millennials’ credit card affection. 
 b) defend the millennials’ fear of credit card use. 
 c) describe the millennials’ attitude towards the credit card. 
 d) present the millennials’ credit card historical background. 
 e) demonstrate the millennials’ need of credit card use to build a credit history.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/266084
Questão 211: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles
on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have
substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in theUnited States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase,
perhaps substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take
you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance
costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem
parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor
Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy
Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production
process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed
automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5
miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
 
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine
designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which
would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline
can be nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations
for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling
equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that
network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
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Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the
vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressed natural
gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.
[...]
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/
natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.
 
 
According to the 9th paragraph in the text (lines 65-75), refueling stations in the United States 
 a) should go through an increase at their rate of expansion. 
 b) require pipeline infrastructure that has been growing 16% every year. 
 c) do not rely on infrastructure available for their expansion. 
 d) cannot grow substantially because of miles of natural gas pipeline. 
 e) cannot be expanded through the country because of their potential damage against nature.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601498
Questão 212: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Ênfase em Vendas a Rede Automotiva/2015
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles
on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have
substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase,
perhaps substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take
you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance
costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem
parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor
Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy
Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production
process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed
automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5
miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
 
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine
designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which
would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power,and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline
can be nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations
for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling
equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that
network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the
vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressed natural
gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.
[...]
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/
natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.
 
According to the paragraph limited by lines 13-24 in the text, one can infer that 
 a) gasoline is as expensive as diesel in New York City. 
 b) a car running on natural gas will pay $1.50 on one gallon of the fuel. 
 c) every car running on natural gas will afford to save $3.00 on a 60-mile drive. 
 d) the cost of oil changes can improve savings in natural gas-fueled vehicles. 
 e) natural gas cannot be associated with corrosion in car’s exhaust-system parts.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601492
Questão 213: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Ênfase em Vendas a Rede Automotiva/2015
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Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles
on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have
substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase,
perhaps substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take
you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance
costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem
parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor
Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy
Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production
process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed
automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5
miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
 
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine
designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which
would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline
can be nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations
for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling
equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that
network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the
vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressed natural
gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.
[...]
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/
natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.
 
 
In the 5th paragraph, limited by lines 35-42 in the text, the author defends the idea that 
 a) economic and environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are both immediate results of smaller footprints than those of gasoline or diesel automobiles. 
 b) economic benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as considerable as the environmental benefits because of the cost of the natural gas production process. 
 c) natural gas vehicles produce smaller footprints than those of gasoline or diesel automobiles because they bring more environmental benefits. 
 d) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are remarkable despite the carbon-rich methane released into the atmosphere in the production process. 
 e) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as considerable as the economic benefits because of the cost of the carbon-rich methane released into the
atmosphere in the production process.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601494
Questão 214: CESGRANRIO - Ana (FINEP)/FINEP/Jurídica/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
GIVE PEOPLE AUTONOMY
Giving people control over whatthey are doing 
makes them work harder.
by Susan Weinschenk, Ph.D. in Brain Wise
In a previous blog post I wrote that one of the best ways to motivate people is to stimulate a desire for mastery – and that breaking things into small pieces and showing
progress through the pieces encourages the desire for mastery. Another tip for stimulating the desire for mastery is to give people autonomy. When people feel that they
have some control over what they are doing and how they do it, then their desire for mastery increases. They will then be motivated to continue and keep learning. If
people feel that they don’t have any control or autonomy, then they lose the desire to learn and do more – they may lose the desire to master whatever task you are
asking them to do. Here’s an example: Let’s say that you have created a language learning app. The desire for mastery will be automatically in play if the person wants to
learn a language. However, if you want people to continue using the app, and use it frequently and often, then you have to do more than just present lessons in the app.
One way to further stimulate the desire for mastery, is to give them some control over how they use the app. You can provide different types of exercises and
interactions, such as listening, writing, or speaking the language, and let them choose which exercises and activities they need or want, and in what order to do them. If
they feel they have control over how quickly they go through the lessons, which ones they repeat, which activities to engage in, and in what order, then they will be more
motivated to keep learning. What do you think? Have you tried giving autonomy to keep people motivated?
Available at: <http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ brain-wise/201310/give-people-autonomy>. Retrieved on: Oct. 15th 2013. Adapted
 
The expression of the text “another tip” suggests that the author 
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 a) presented a tip before. 
 b) presented two tips before. 
 c) has never presented any tip. 
 d) presents a tip by the first time. 
 e) wrote about suspending people’s autonomy.
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Questão 215: CESGRANRIO - Med do Trab (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
An Introduction to the Oil Patch
So you’re thinking about a field job in the oil industry. If you haven’t been involved in the oil patch before, you probably have no idea how vast it is, or where to start
your job search. Many sites will try to convince you that you can get a job on an offshore rig making $10,000 a month without any experience or training at all, and while
this is possible, it’s not at all likely. Actually, it can be tough to find a job in any field of the oil industry without some experience or training.
First, you should realize that the oil industry isn’t just drilling rigs, pumpjacks, and gas stations. The oil industry is a lot like the military in that it employs people in nearly
every profession. There are positions such as roughneck or airgun operator, that are very specific to the oil industry; but there are also welders, medics, chemists,
biologists, environmentalists, cooks, computer programmers, engineers, and a thousand more positions that are absolutely essential to the industry. You don’t have to
have experience specifically in the oil industry in order to have relevant experience.
The oil patch is a little bit different from most other industries. You’ll soon lose the idea of a weekend as you now know it... The patch runs seven days a week, and in
many cases, 24 hours a day. You’ll be expected to work every day in all weather conditions, for weeks or even months at a time. The oil industry is also very production
oriented; you’ll make more money welding in the oil patch than in another industry, but you’ll work longer and harder for that bigger paycheck.
There are a few prerequisites if you want a field job in the oil patch:
You must be in reasonably good physical condition, and be able to lift at least 50 lbs. regularly.
For most positions, you must have a valid driver’s license.
You must have suitable clothing for extended outdoor work and in most cases, hard toed safety boots.
You should not have any medical condition which would make it unsafe for you to operate machinery.
You don’t need to live in the city where your employer is located, but in most cases you will have to provide your own transportation to and from your home from
the employer’s location (point-of-hire). If you live a long way from any area with oil and gas activity, you will have a very difficult time finding an entry level job in
this industry.
You must be willing and able to work hard for long hours. This industry is all about production, and if you don’t produce, you’re not an asset to the company.
You must be drug-free. Most companies conduct pre-employment drug screenings and random testing of employees. If your test show signs of illegal drugs in your
system, you will not be hired. Most oil work requires you to live away from home, in motels or camps near the jobs. Your travel, accommodations, and meals will
usually be paid by your employer while you’re working. Most companies also provide all required safety supplies, such as hard hats and reflective safety vests. You
are required to supply your own work clothes, boots, gloves, etc.
Before you leave for your first job, be sure you have appropriate clothing to spend 14 hours outside... frostbite isn’t fun, neither is heat stroke.
Much of the work in the oil industry is very physically demanding, especially in the entry level positions. There is no upper age limit, but you should be willing and able to
work hard for long hours, lift 50 lbs regularly, and be in relatively good physical condition. If you have back or other health problems that prevent strenuous activity, you
may want to reconsider this line of work. Most companies require employees to 
be at least 18 years old. A recent hearing test and/or medical evaluation may be required.
Many oilfield companies also require a preemployment drug and alcohol screening. You should know that though you can make a lot of money in a month in the oil patch,
you can also make no money in a month. Most oilfield work isn’t very stable, and you’ll occasionally find yourself laid-off on short notice due to a shortage of work... and
called back on even shorter notice. Many people in Canada work in the oil 
industry during the winter while it’s busy, then take the spring and summer off, or work non-oilfield summer jobs.
Offshore and overseas rigs usually operate yearround, offering a much more stable work environment; but there are very few positions on these rigs that are available
without any experience. If you’re interested in working on one of these rigs, you may want to start with a catering job. All major offshore and overseas projects employ
catering staff to provide meals for the rig crew. These positions are often available without experience, and rig managers will often hire catering staff onto the rig crew if
they need an extra hand, or if a member of the rig crew gets injured or leaves. It’s a matter of being in the right place at the right time, and showing interest in working
on the rig.
Available at: <http://www.oilfi eldworkers.com/oilfi eldintro.php> Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012.
 
The main purpose of Text I is to 
 a) warn professionals in the oil business about the frequent instability in oilfields. 
 b) criticize the strenuous working conditions oilfield operating teams are always submitted to. 
 c) provide useful advice to prospective workers intending to start a career in the oil industry. 
 d) inform the exact amount of experience a worker must have before looking for a job in an oil company. 
 e) encourage employees to look for a positionin catering before applying for a job in offshore and overseas rigs.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/213697
Questão 216: CESGRANRIO - Med do Trab (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
An Introduction to the Oil Patch
So you’re thinking about a field job in the oil industry. If you haven’t been involved in the oil patch before, you probably have no idea how vast it is, or where to start
your job search. Many sites will try to convince you that you can get a job on an offshore rig making $10,000 a month without any experience or training at all, and while
this is possible, it’s not at all likely. Actually, it can be tough to find a job in any field of the oil industry without some experience or training.
First, you should realize that the oil industry isn’t just drilling rigs, pumpjacks, and gas stations. The oil industry is a lot like the military in that it employs people in nearly
every profession. There are positions such as roughneck or airgun operator, that are very specific to the oil industry; but there are also welders, medics, chemists,
biologists, environmentalists, cooks, computer programmers, engineers, and a thousand more positions that are absolutely essential to the industry. You don’t have to
have experience specifically in the oil industry in order to have relevant experience.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/cadernos/experimental/24626247/imprimir 11/130
The oil patch is a little bit different from most other industries. You’ll soon lose the idea of a weekend as you now know it... The patch runs seven days a week, and in
many cases, 24 hours a day. You’ll be expected to work every day in all weather conditions, for weeks or even months at a time. The oil industry is also very production
oriented; you’ll make more money welding in the oil patch than in another industry, but you’ll work longer and harder for that bigger paycheck.
There are a few prerequisites if you want a field job in the oil patch:
You must be in reasonably good physical condition, and be able to lift at least 50 lbs. regularly.
For most positions, you must have a valid driver’s license.
You must have suitable clothing for extended outdoor work and in most cases, hard toed safety boots.
You should not have any medical condition which would make it unsafe for you to operate machinery.
You don’t need to live in the city where your employer is located, but in most cases you will have to provide your own transportation to and from your home from
the employer’s location (point-of-hire). If you live a long way from any area with oil and gas activity, you will have a very difficult time finding an entry level job in
this industry.
You must be willing and able to work hard for long hours. This industry is all about production, and if you don’t produce, you’re not an asset to the company.
You must be drug-free. Most companies conduct pre-employment drug screenings and random testing of employees. If your test show signs of illegal drugs in your
system, you will not be hired. Most oil work requires you to live away from home, in motels or camps near the jobs. Your travel, accommodations, and meals will
usually be paid by your employer while you’re working. Most companies also provide all required safety supplies, such as hard hats and reflective safety vests. You
are required to supply your own work clothes, boots, gloves, etc.
Before you leave for your first job, be sure you have appropriate clothing to spend 14 hours outside... frostbite isn’t fun, neither is heat stroke.
Much of the work in the oil industry is very physically demanding, especially in the entry level positions. There is no upper age limit, but you should be willing and able to
work hard for long hours, lift 50 lbs regularly, and be in relatively good physical condition. If you have back or other health problems that prevent strenuous activity, you
may want to reconsider this line of work. Most companies require employees to 
be at least 18 years old. A recent hearing test and/or medical evaluation may be required.
Many oilfield companies also require a preemployment drug and alcohol screening. You should know that though you can make a lot of money in a month in the oil patch,
you can also make no money in a month. Most oilfield work isn’t very stable, and you’ll occasionally find yourself laid-off on short notice due to a shortage of work... and
called back on even shorter notice. Many people in Canada work in the oil 
industry during the winter while it’s busy, then take the spring and summer off, or work non-oilfield summer jobs.
Offshore and overseas rigs usually operate yearround, offering a much more stable work environment; but there are very few positions on these rigs that are available
without any experience. If you’re interested in working on one of these rigs, you may want to start with a catering job. All major offshore and overseas projects employ
catering staff to provide meals for the rig crew. These positions are often available without experience, and rig managers will often hire catering staff onto the rig crew if
they need an extra hand, or if a member of the rig crew gets injured or leaves. It’s a matter of being in the right place at the right time, and showing interest in working
on the rig.
Available at: <http://www.oilfi eldworkers.com/oilfi eldintro.php> Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012
 
According to Text I, employers in the oil industry usually 
 a) provide family housing for the factory floor staff. 
 b) assign addicted employees or candidates to administrative tasks.
 c) select only older experienced workers for the entry level positions. 
 d) require employees to have their own suitable clothing and safety footwear. 
 e) supply medical evaluations for retired staff members who complain of back aches.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/213710
Questão 217: CESGRANRIO - Med do Trab (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text II
Brazil Oil Boom Boosts Job Market
By Amy Skalmusky, Senior Contributing Reporter
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – Spearheaded by record investment in the petroleum and natural gas industry, Brazil’s job market continues to grow at a breakneck pace.
Billion dollar investments by the government and private companies have created a positive landscape for job seekers, with no sign of abating.
“The demand for professionals will continue to increase. I believe we will see an even larger demand in two to three years due to project maintenance and expansion,”
said Rafael Faria, Head of Business Recruiting in Oil & Gas for a global recruiting corporation.
With investments of US$224 billion over the next four years by the major Brazilian oil and gas company, as well as investments by almost all major multinational oil
companies in the exploration of new oil and gas fields, qualified workers are a hot commodity. An estimate from the federal government estimates that the new Brazilian
oil fields will require 250,000 new professionals through 2016.
Among the professionals most in demand are operations managers, logistics managers, project managers, contract managers and engineers. According to Faria, one of
the most challenging positions to fill is the Contract Manager, which requires a good amount of experience in dealing with the large oil companies and their complex rules
and regulations.
“Human Resource managers are at wits end,” said Rose Santos, Human Resource Manager at an international organization specialized in deepwater engineering services
for the oil industry. “Everyone is fighting for the best professionals. Engineers are getting hired right out of college.”
Most universities offer an undergraduate degree in Petroleum Engineering, and it has become the most sought-after course, passing medicine.
 
But not only managersare in high demand, skilled workers to build, maintain, repair and perform technical installations on the drill rigs, platforms, ships and other
offshore and onshore structures are essential.
Training courses and programs are trying to keep up with the demand. SENAI (Professional training school) has doubled the number of professional training courses in
the last four years. PROMINP, Programa de Mobilização da Indústria de Petróleo e Gás Natural, a training program developed in 2003 in conjunction with a major oil
company to train ‘blue collar’ workers, plans to turn out 212,000 professionals 
by 2014.
Some companies opt to search beyond Brazil’s borders to find professionals. Many of the multinational companies that previously had only a single representative in
Brazil, are looking to extend their presence and have to import talent. Work visas can be a challenge to obtain though, and permanent visas also involve significant
immigration procedures.
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While many companies tend to import professionals from their home base, according to Santos, it is common practice to try to replace them 
with Brazilians within two to three years, due to the high costs.
Faria agrees, “Hiring foreigners can cost up to three times the salary paid to a Brazilian. The cost includes school for their children, moving expenses, room and board and
a car.”
 
For foreigners considering a relocation to try their luck in Brazil’s heated job market, it is important to do the research and evaluate carefully.
“Maybe in three to five years it may be worth it for middle managers, but it will depend on the exchange rate and changes in governmental policy, which I don’t see on
the horizon,” said Faria.
Available at: <http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/
brazil-oil-boom-boosts-job-market/#>. Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012. Adapted.
 
The main intention of Text II is to discuss the 
 a) growth in job positions in the oil industry in Brazil in the coming years. 
 b) high salaries frequently paid to foreign professionals working in Brazil. 
 c) increase of training programs for professionals employed in the oil industry. 
 d) government funding to support large investment projects in the Brazilian oil industry. 
 e) difficulty in finding qualified Human Resource professionals for the booming Brazilian industries.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/213728
Questão 218: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text II
The Environmental Consequences 
of Natural Resource Extraction
The environmental impact of society’s dependence on natural resources is undeniable, though with these resources set up as the lifeblood of modern industry, many
continue to downplay the urgency of freeing ourselves from this dependence. The most compelling and visual consequence of burning carbon based fuels are the
resulting CO2 emissions that act as greenhouse gases, the primary contributor to global warming. However, as more people study how the resources are developed, it
becomes apparent that the environmental damage from these extraction processes may be as significant as the emissions.
A recent article from Scientific American demonstrates how little is known about the dangers of extracting natural gas from the earth. Even though the process had been
deemed safe by the EPA, new research suggests that this may not be the case. Complicating the matter further is the fact that the chemical mixture that companies use
in the extraction is considered a trade secret, and they are resistant to providing this info on the grounds of secrecy.
The technology for burning coal with fewer emissions is expensive yet feasible, but there is no account for the environmental damage done during the extraction process.
Moreover, around the globe, corporations are continually exploiting indigenous regions for their resources. A report from the World Wildlife Fund details the various
problems that are occurring in the Amazon region as a result of resource exploitation. It explains the various effects that oil and gas extraction can have, including
deforestation, regional conflict, biodiversity loss, and soil and aquatic pollution. Selling the rights to these resources to companies can be a strong move economically for
poor regions, but the long-term effects will greatly outweigh the benefits on a global scale.
The need for alternative energy supplies is urgent, and it will only serve the public to discuss the full extent of the environmental dangers that carbon based fuels pose.
By not entering the dangers of extraction into the case for developing clean energy, the argument for implementing these technologies is diminished, and the needs of
the environment will continue to be overshadowed by global events like the current financial crisis.
Available at: <http://common-breath.com/the-environmentalconsequences- of-natural-resource-extraction/>. Retrieved on: Jan. 10th, 2014. Adapted.
 
According to the 2nd paragraph of Text II, it is clear that 
 a) a lot about the dangers of extracting natural gas from the earth is known. 
 b) a new research has proved that gas extraction is completely harmless to the environment. 
 c) EPA did not consider the process of natural gas extraction safe. 
 d) the ignorance about the substances that companies use in the process of gas extraction is a complex matter. 
 e) companies do not reveal the chemical mixture they use in the extraction of natural gas, because the American government does not allow them to do so.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/286270
Questão 219: CESGRANRIO - Med do Trab (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
An Introduction to the Oil Patch
So you’re thinking about a field job in the oil industry. If you haven’t been involved in the oil patch before, you probably have no idea how vast it is, or where to start
your job search. Many sites will try to convince you that you can get a job on an offshore rig making $10,000 a month without any experience or training at all, and while
this is possible, it’s not at all likely. Actually, it can be tough to find a job in any field of the oil industry without some experience or training.
First, you should realize that the oil industry isn’t just drilling rigs, pumpjacks, and gas stations. The oil industry is a lot like the military in that it employs people in nearly
every profession. There are positions such as roughneck or airgun operator, that are very specific to the oil industry; but there are also welders, medics, chemists,
biologists, environmentalists, cooks, computer programmers, engineers, and a thousand more positions that are absolutely essential to the industry. You don’t have to
have experience specifically in the oil industry in order to have relevant experience.
The oil patch is a little bit different from most other industries. You’ll soon lose the idea of a weekend as you now know it... The patch runs seven days a week, and in
many cases, 24 hours a day. You’ll be expected to work every day in all weather conditions, for weeks or even months at a time. The oil industry is also very production
oriented; you’ll make more money welding in the oil patch than in another industry, but you’ll work longer and harder for that bigger paycheck.
There are a few prerequisites if you want a field job in the oil patch:
You must be in reasonably good physical condition, and be able to lift at least 50 lbs. regularly.
For most positions, you must have a valid driver’s license.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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You must have suitable clothingfor extended outdoor work and in most cases, hard toed safety boots.
You should not have any medical condition which would make it unsafe for you to operate machinery.
You don’t need to live in the city where your employer is located, but in most cases you will have to provide your own transportation to and from your home from
the employer’s location (point-of-hire). If you live a long way from any area with oil and gas activity, you will have a very difficult time finding an entry level job in
this industry.
You must be willing and able to work hard for long hours. This industry is all about production, and if you don’t produce, you’re not an asset to the company.
You must be drug-free. Most companies conduct pre-employment drug screenings and random testing of employees. If your test show signs of illegal drugs in your
system, you will not be hired. Most oil work requires you to live away from home, in motels or camps near the jobs. Your travel, accommodations, and meals will
usually be paid by your employer while you’re working. Most companies also provide all required safety supplies, such as hard hats and reflective safety vests. You
are required to supply your own work clothes, boots, gloves, etc.
Before you leave for your first job, be sure you have appropriate clothing to spend 14 hours outside... frostbite isn’t fun, neither is heat stroke.
Much of the work in the oil industry is very physically demanding, especially in the entry level positions. There is no upper age limit, but you should be willing and able to
work hard for long hours, lift 50 lbs regularly, and be in relatively good physical condition. If you have back or other health problems that prevent strenuous activity, you
may want to reconsider this line of work. Most companies require employees to be at least 18 years old. A recent hearing test and/or medical evaluation may be required.
Many oilfield companies also require a preemployment drug and alcohol screening. You should know that though you can make a lot of money in a month in the oil patch,
you can also make no money in a month. Most oilfield work isn’t very stable, and you’ll occasionally find yourself laid-off on short notice due to a shortage of work... and
called back on even shorter notice. Many people in Canada work in the oil industry during the winter while it’s busy, then take the spring and summer off, or work non-
oilfield summer jobs.
Offshore and overseas rigs usually operate yearround, offering a much more stable work environment; but there are very few positions on these rigs that are available
without any experience. If you’re interested in working on one of these rigs, you may want to start with a catering job. All major offshore and overseas projects employ
catering staff to provide meals for the rig crew. These positions are often available without experience, and rig managers will often hire catering staff onto the rig crew if
they need an extra hand, or if a member of the rig crew gets injured or leaves. It’s a matter of being in the right place at the right time, and showing interest in working
on the rig.
Available at: <http://www.oilfi eldworkers.com/oilfi eldintro.php> Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012
 
The fragment “frostbite isn’t fun, neither is heat stroke” (line 29) refers to the fact that the 
 a) oil industry offers many stressful challenges but also several moments of leisure. 
 b) different outside temperatures force professionals in the oil industry to work long hours. 
 c) different seasons during the year affect the free hours of workers in the oil industry. 
 d) workers in the oil industry need to be prepared to survive all kinds of weather conditions. 
 e) appropriate clothing for severe working conditions must also be comfortable for the warm climate.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/213719
Questão 220: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
Canadian multiculturalism: the more the merrier
When the government of the French-speaking province of Quebec introduced a bill in November to stop public servants from wearing religious symbols, it gave a
community hospital in neighbouring Ontario a chance to grab some new recruits. Lakeridge Health ran an advertisement in a Quebec medical-school newspaper showing
a woman wearing a hijab and stethoscope over the caption: “We don’t care what’s on your head, we care what’s in it.” Applications doubled, says Kevin Empey, the
hospital’s boss.
The Quebec government’s proposed ban and the Ontario hospital’s welcome illustrate the poles in the Canadian debate on multiculturalism. Public hearings on the law
began on January 14th. Supporters say that the ban is needed to enshrine state secularism; opponents that it is a cynical appeal to xenophobia by the minority provincial
government of the Parti Québécois (PQ). Either way, the prediction of Jean- François Lisée, a PQ minister, that the Quebec battle could be the last stand in Canada’s
multicultural experiment does not stand up to close scrutiny.
Immigration itself is not in question. Canadians, even in Quebec, overwhelmingly back mass immigration, which adds an average of 250,000 newcomers (roughly 0.8% of
the population) each year. First-generation immigrants make up a bigger share of Toronto’s and Vancouver’s populations than in many of the world’s great cosmopolitan
cities [. . .].
Unlike many Europeans, Canadians believe that immigrants create jobs rather than steal them, says Jeffrey Reitz, a sociologist who has surveyed attitudes in Europe and
Canada. This view is partly based on history. Modern Canada was built by successive waves of immigrants, first from Europe and more recently from Asia.
It is also a result of policies that since the 1970s have focused on admitting the most employable people. The government constantly tweaks its system of awarding
points to prospective immigrants for languages, education and skills, in order to match them with labour-market gaps. Younger applicants currently have an edge. An
array of programmes, many of them focused on the ability to speak languages, help immigrants to settle in.
The Quebec dispute is not over numbers of immigrants, but how to accommodate them. In the 1970s Canada officially adopted the creed of “multiculturalism”, a murky
concept that celebrates cultural differences at the same time as pushing newcomers to integrate. English speaking Canadians see multiculturalism as central to their
national identity, ranking below universal health care and the Canadian flag in a recent survey by Environics, a research firm, but above ice hockey, the Mounties and the
Queen.
The governing Conservatives are blunter than opposition parties about the obligation on newcomers to integrate and about cultural practices, such as genital mutilation,
that are unacceptable. But their support for multiculturalism is not in question. After the latest federal cabinet reshuffle there was even a tussle over who was the senior
multiculturalism minister.
 
By contrast, French-speaking Quebeckers have long been more tepid about the subject. Many think it undermines their role as one of modern Canada’s founding cultures.
The government in Quebec prefers the doctrine of “interculturalism”, which emphasises assimilation into the dominant culture. This is popular in rural areas, where
immigrants are few and PQ support is strong, but extremely unpopular in Montreal, -where most of the province’s newcomers live.
Available at: <http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21594328>. Retrieved on: Jan. 18th, 2014. Adapted.
 
In Text I, the author suggests that 
 a) immigrants historically take jobs away from Canadians. 
 b) jobs are more easily found by immigrants in Europe than in Canada. 
 c) Europeans think that immigrants take jobs away from them. 
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 d) the Europeans’ belief about immigrants is similar to that of Canadians. 
 e) the Canadians’ view of the impact of immigration on jobs is less positive than the Europeans’ view.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/286304
Questão 221: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text II
Coming to an office near you
The effect of today’s technology on tomorrow’s job will be 
immense—and no country is ready for it
Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past
30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many
production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
For those, including this newspaper, who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although
innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A
hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were
not consigned to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more
computer programmers and web designers.
Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits. Technology’s impact
will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.
Why be worried? It is partly just a matter of history repeating itself. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went
disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits. The pattern today is similar. The prosperity unleashed by the Digital Revolution has gone
overwhelmingly to the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers.
Many of the jobs most at risk are lower down the ladder (logistics, haulage), whereas the skills that are least vulnerable to automation (creativity, managerial expertise)
tend to be higher up, so median wages are likely to remain stagnant for some time and income gaps are likely to widen.
Anger about rising inequality is bound to grow, but politicians will find it hard to address the problem. Shunning progress would be as futile now as the Luddites’ protests
against mechanised looms were in the 1810s, because any country that tried to stop would be left behind by competitors eager to embrace new technology. The freedom
to raise taxes on the rich to punitive levels will be similarly constrained by the mobility of capital and highly skilled labour.
 
The main way in which governments can help their people through this dislocation is through education systems. One of the reasons for the improvement in workers’
fortunes in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution was because schools were built to educate them—a dramatic change at the time. Now those schools themselves
need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans will need to set them apart from computers. There should be less rote-learning and more critical thinking.
Innovation has brought great benefits to humanity. Nobody in their right mind would want to return to the world of handloom weavers. But the benefits of technological
progress are unevenly distributed, especially in the early stages of each new wave, and it is up to governments to spread them. In the 19th century it took the threat of
revolution to bring about progressive reforms. Today’s governments would do well to start making the changes needed before their people get angry.
Available at: <http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21594298>. Retrieved on: Jan. 21st, 2014. Adapted.
 
According to Text II, in today’s world, education needs to focus on 
 a) increasing the number of schools. 
 b) promoting critical thinking. 
 c) employing better teachers. 
 d) acquiring cutting edge technology. 
 e) obtaining greater assistance from government.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/286314
Questão 222: CESGRANRIO - Med do Trab (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
An Introduction to the Oil Patch
So you’re thinking about a field job in the oil industry. If you haven’t been involved in the oil patch before, you probably have no idea how vast it is, or where to start
your job search. Many sites will try to convince you that you can get a job on an offshore rig making $10,000 a month without any experience or training at all, and while
this is possible, it’s not at all likely. Actually, it can be tough to find a job in any field of the oil industry without some experience or training.
First, you should realize that the oil industry isn’t just drilling rigs, pumpjacks, and gas stations. The oil industry is a lot like the military in that it employs people in nearly
every profession. There are positions such as roughneck or airgun operator, that are very specific to the oil industry; but there are also welders, medics, chemists,
biologists, environmentalists, cooks, computer programmers, engineers, and a thousand more positions that are absolutely essential to the industry. You don’t have to
have experience specifically in the oil industry in order to have relevant experience.
The oil patch is a little bit different from most other industries. You’ll soon lose the idea of a weekend as you now know it... The patch runs seven days a week, and in
many cases, 24 hours a day. You’ll be expected to work every day in all weather conditions, for weeks or even months at a time. The oil industry is also very production
oriented; you’ll make more money welding in the oil patch than in another industry, but you’ll work longer and harder for that bigger paycheck.
There are a few prerequisites if you want a field job in the oil patch:
You must be in reasonably good physical condition, and be able to lift at least 50 lbs. regularly.
For most positions, you must have a valid driver’s license.
You must have suitable clothing for extended outdoor work and in most cases, hard toed safety boots.
You should not have any medical condition which would make it unsafe for you to operate machinery.
You don’t need to live in the city where your employer is located, but in most cases you will have to provide your own transportation to and from your home from
the employer’s location (point-of-hire). If you live a long way from any area with oil and gas activity, you will have a very difficult time finding an entry level job in
this industry.
You must be willing and able to work hard for long hours. This industry is all about production, and if you don’t produce, you’re not an asset to the company.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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You must be drug-free. Most companies conduct pre-employment drug screenings and random testing of employees. If your test show signs of illegal drugs in your
system, you will not be hired. Most oil work requires you to live away from home, in motels or camps near the jobs. Your travel, accommodations, and meals will
usually be paid by your employer while you’re working. Most companies also provide all required safety supplies, such as hard hats and reflective safety vests. You
are required to supply your own work clothes, boots, gloves, etc.
Before you leave for your first job, be sure you have appropriate clothingto spend 14 hours outside... frostbite isn’t fun, neither is heat stroke.
Much of the work in the oil industry is very physically demanding, especially in the entry level positions. There is no upper age limit, but you should be willing and able to
work hard for long hours, lift 50 lbs regularly, and be in relatively good physical condition. If you have back or other health problems that prevent strenuous activity, you
may want to reconsider this line of work. Most companies require employees to 
be at least 18 years old. A recent hearing test and/or medical evaluation may be required.
Many oilfield companies also require a preemployment drug and alcohol screening. You should know that though you can make a lot of money in a month in the oil patch,
you can also make no money in a month. Most oilfield work isn’t very stable, and you’ll occasionally find yourself laid-off on short notice due to a shortage of work... and
called back on even shorter notice. Many people in Canada work in the oil 
industry during the winter while it’s busy, then take the spring and summer off, or work non-oilfield summer jobs.
Offshore and overseas rigs usually operate yearround, offering a much more stable work environment; but there are very few positions on these rigs that are available
without any experience. If you’re interested in working on one of these rigs, you may want to start with a catering job. All major offshore and overseas projects employ
catering staff to provide meals for the rig crew. These positions are often available without experience, and rig managers will often hire catering staff onto the rig crew if
they need an extra hand, or if a member of the rig crew gets injured or leaves. It’s a matter of being in the right place at the right time, and showing interest in working
on the rig.
Available at: <http://www.oilfi eldworkers.com/oilfi eldintro.php> Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012
 
According to Text I, workers in the oil industry can be expected to bear all of the following working conditions, EXCEPT 
 a) working hard for long hours in order to keep up oil production.
 b) having to perform risky jobs in exchange for guaranteed promotions. 
 c) spending weekends and holidays on the job, sometimes for long periods. 
 d) facing adverse weather conditions for long stretches of time to ensure productivity. 
 e) being on duty away from home and resorting to individual transportation to the job post.
 
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Questão 223: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
Canadian multiculturalism: the more the merrier
When the government of the French-speaking province of Quebec introduced a bill in November to stop public servants from wearing religious symbols, it gave a
community hospital in neighbouring Ontario a chance to grab some new recruits. Lakeridge Health ran an advertisement in a Quebec medical-school newspaper showing
a woman wearing a hijab and stethoscope over the caption: “We don’t care what’s on your head, we care what’s in it.” Applications doubled, says Kevin Empey, the
hospital’s boss.
The Quebec government’s proposed ban and the Ontario hospital’s welcome illustrate the poles in the Canadian debate on multiculturalism. Public hearings on the law
began on January 14th. Supporters say that the ban is needed to enshrine state secularism; opponents that it is a cynical appeal to xenophobia by the minority provincial
government of the Parti Québécois (PQ). Either way, the prediction of Jean- François Lisée, a PQ minister, that the Quebec battle could be the last stand in Canada’s
multicultural experiment does not stand up to close scrutiny.
Immigration itself is not in question. Canadians, even in Quebec, overwhelmingly back mass immigration, which adds an average of 250,000 newcomers (roughly 0.8% of
the population) each year. First-generation immigrants make up a bigger share of Toronto’s and Vancouver’s populations than in many of the world’s great cosmopolitan
cities [. . .].
Unlike many Europeans, Canadians believe that immigrants create jobs rather than steal them, says Jeffrey Reitz, a sociologist who has surveyed attitudes in Europe and
Canada. This view is partly based on history. Modern Canada was built by successive waves of immigrants, first from Europe and more recently from Asia.
It is also a result of policies that since the 1970s have focused on admitting the most employable people. The government constantly tweaks its system of awarding
points to prospective immigrants for languages, education and skills, in order to match them with labour-market gaps. Younger applicants currently have an edge. An
array of programmes, many of them focused on the ability to speak languages, help immigrants to settle in.
The Quebec dispute is not over numbers of immigrants, but how to accommodate them. In the 1970s Canada officially adopted the creed of “multiculturalism”, a murky
concept that celebrates cultural differences at the same time as pushing newcomers to integrate. English speaking Canadians see multiculturalism as central to their
national identity, ranking below universal health care and the Canadian flag in a recent survey by Environics, a research firm, but above ice hockey, the Mounties and the
Queen.
The governing Conservatives are blunter than opposition parties about the obligation on newcomers to integrate and about cultural practices, such as genital mutilation,
that are unacceptable. But their support for multiculturalism is not in question. After the latest federal cabinet reshuffle there was even a tussle over who was the senior
multiculturalism minister.
 
By contrast, French-speaking Quebeckers have long been more tepid about the subject. Many think it undermines their role as one of modern Canada’s founding cultures.
The government in Quebec prefers the doctrine of “interculturalism”, which emphasises assimilation into the dominant culture. This is popular in rural areas, where
immigrants are few and PQ support is strong, but extremely unpopular in Montreal, -where most of the province’s newcomers live.
Available at: <http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21594328>. Retrieved on: Jan. 18th, 2014. Adapted.
 
In Text I, the only idea that does NOT accurately reflect the debate about multiculturalism and interculturalism is that the 
 a) benefits of immigration are doubtful. 
 b) Canadian government’s position asserts difference but also integration. 
 c) Quebec government’s position focuses on the integration of immigrants. 
 d) value of cultural differences or the maintenance of one culture is an important point. 
 e) English-speaking Canadians consider multiculturalism as a fundamental part of their identities.
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Questão 224: CESGRANRIO - Ana (FINEP)/FINEP/Jurídica/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
GIVE PEOPLE AUTONOMY
Giving people control over what they are doing 
makes them work harder.
by Susan Weinschenk, Ph.D. in Brain Wise
In a previous blog post I wrote that one of the best ways to motivate people is to stimulate a desire for mastery – and that breaking things into small pieces and showing
progress through the pieces encourages the desire for mastery. Another tip for stimulating the desire for mastery is to give people autonomy. When people feel that they
have some control over what they are doing and how they do it, then their desire for mastery increases. They will then be motivated to continue and keep learning. If
people feel that they don’t have any control or autonomy, then they lose the desire to learn and do more – they may lose the desire to master whatever task you are
asking them to do. Here’s an example:Let’s say that you have created a language learning app. The desire for mastery will be automatically in play if the person wants to
learn a language. However, if you want people to continue using the app, and use it frequently and often, then you have to do more than just present lessons in the app.
One way to further stimulate the desire for mastery, is to give them some control over how they use the app. You can provide different types of exercises and
interactions, such as listening, writing, or speaking the language, and let them choose which exercises and activities they need or want, and in what order to do them. If
they feel they have control over how quickly they go through the lessons, which ones they repeat, which activities to engage in, and in what order, then they will be more
motivated to keep learning. What do you think? Have you tried giving autonomy to keep people motivated?
Available at: <http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ brain-wise/201310/give-people-autonomy>. Retrieved on: Oct. 15th 2013. Adapted
 
The main idea defended by the author in the text is that 
 a) the desire for mastery is encouraged when things are broken into small pieces. 
 b) people tend to feel more motivated when they are given more autonomy in their tasks. 
 c) language learning apps encourage people to learn more. 
 d) people’s desire for mastery diminishes when they are given more autonomy. 
 e) language learning is always very challenging.
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Questão 225: CESGRANRIO - Ana (FINEP)/FINEP/Jurídica/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
GIVE PEOPLE AUTONOMY
Giving people control over what they are doing 
makes them work harder.
by Susan Weinschenk, Ph.D. in Brain Wise
In a previous blog post I wrote that one of the best ways to motivate people is to stimulate a desire for mastery – and that breaking things into small pieces and showing
progress through the pieces encourages the desire for mastery. Another tip for stimulating the desire for mastery is to give people autonomy. When people feel that they
have some control over what they are doing and how they do it, then their desire for mastery increases. They will then be motivated to continue and keep learning. If
people feel that they don’t have any control or autonomy, then they lose the desire to learn and do more – they may lose the desire to master whatever task you are
asking them to do. Here’s an example: Let’s say that you have created a language learning app. The desire for mastery will be automatically in play if the person wants to
learn a language. However, if you want people to continue using the app, and use it frequently and often, then you have to do more than just present lessons in the app.
One way to further stimulate the desire for mastery, is to give them some control over how they use the app. You can provide different types of exercises and
interactions, such as listening, writing, or speaking the language, and let them choose which exercises and activities they need or want, and in what order to do them. If
they feel they have control over how quickly they go through the lessons, which ones they repeat, which activities to engage in, and in what order, then they will be more
motivated to keep learning. What do you think? Have you tried giving autonomy to keep people motivated?
Available at: <http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/ brain-wise/201310/give-people-autonomy>. Retrieved on: Oct. 15th 2013. Adapted
 
 
In the fragments of the text: “they may lose the desire to master whatever task you are asking them to do” and “then you have to do more than just present lessons in
the app”, the verb forms in bold express the ideas, respectively, of 
 a) ability/ intention 
 b) necessity/ probability 
 c) possibility/ necessity 
 d) possibility/ habit in the present 
 e) intention/ necessity
 
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Questão 226: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text II
Coming to an office near you
The effect of today’s technology on tomorrow’s job will be 
immense—and no country is ready for it
Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past
30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many
production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
For those, including this newspaper, who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although
innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A
hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were
not consigned to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more
computer programmers and web designers.
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Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits. Technology’s impact
will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.
Why be worried? It is partly just a matter of history repeating itself. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went
disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits. The pattern today is similar. The prosperity unleashed by the Digital Revolution has gone
overwhelmingly to the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers.
Many of the jobs most at risk are lower down the ladder (logistics, haulage), whereas the skills that are least vulnerable to automation (creativity, managerial expertise)
tend to be higher up, so median wages are likely to remain stagnant for some time and income gaps are likely to widen.
Anger about rising inequality is bound to grow, but politicians will find it hard to address the problem. Shunning progress would be as futile now as the Luddites’ protests
against mechanised looms were in the 1810s, because any country that tried to stop would be left behind by competitors eager to embrace new technology. The freedom
to raise taxes on the rich to punitive levels will be similarly constrained by the mobility of capital and highly skilled labour.
 
The main way in which governments can help their people through this dislocation is through education systems. One of the reasons for the improvement in workers’
fortunes in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution was because schools were built to educate them—a dramatic change at the time. Now those schools themselves
need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans will need to set them apart from computers. There should be less rote-learning and more critical thinking.
Innovation has brought great benefits to humanity. Nobody in their right mind would want to return to the world of handloom weavers. But the benefits of technological
progress are unevenly distributed, especially in the early stages of each new wave, and it is up to governments to spread them. In the 19th century it took the threat of
revolution to bring about progressive reforms. Today’s governments would do well to start making the changes needed before their people get angry.
Availableat: <http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21594298>. Retrieved on: Jan. 21st, 2014. Adapted.
 
According to Text II, although the Industrial and Digital Revolutions are more than 200 years apart, they have many similarities, EXCEPT that they 
 a) are responsible for rising prosperity. 
 b) have brought innovation to society. 
 c) have brought different kinds of work. 
 d) have helped workers become more productive. 
 e) have destroyed jobs on which the middle-classes depended.
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Questão 227: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
Protecting Patagonia
At the southernmost tip of South America, one of the last untouched expanses of land on the planet is now under threat of irreversible destruction.
Chile’s Patagonia is home to the snow-capped Andes, dense temperate rainforests, lush valleys and meadows, abundant marine and bird species and traditional
communities living a low-impact lifestyle. All of these could be devastated if a proposed hydroelectric complex called HidroAysén is constructed on two of the last free-
flowing rivers in the world. The massive dams would:
flood 14,000 acres of irreplaceable wildlife habitat and ranching lands;
require constructing a new 1,200 mile-long transmission line that would potentially expose and disrupt untouched wilderness in 17 national parks and reserves, 26
wetlands and biodiversity conservation sites, impact hundreds of private properties; and
swell the populations of local towns without providing adequate infrastructure and services to handle this growth.
While big energy companies are lobbying for this ill-conceived project, Chile’s vast renewable energy resources remain untapped and its energy efficiency opportunities
unrealized. The Natural Resources Defense Council is working with a coalition to stop the HidroAysén complex and help Chile instead reach its renewable energy and
energy efficiency potential.
Chile has vast renewable energy resources and energy efficiency opportunities and the potential to become a world leader in clean energy technologies. The Chilean
government has signed numerous renewable energy development initiatives with the U.S. and other countries. A key part of these agreements includes information-
sharing, which means that a decision to pursue renewable energy in Chile would help advance alternative energy programs in the U.S. and around the world as we learn
from groundbreaking new programs.
 
Chile has unparalleled potential for renewable energy and energy efficiency. The country has an abundance of untapped solar, wind and geothermal energy sources,
which could easily meet the country’s future energy needs. All of these alternative solutions are more sustainable, less destructive and more stable than the large hydro-
electric and coal power sources that currently dominate Chile’s energy industry.
NRDC is working with a broad coalition of citizens, community groups and national and international NGOs to oppose the hydro dam project and push for sustainable
energy solutions.
Available at: <http://www.nrdc.org/international/patagonia/>. Retrieved on: Jan. 10th, 2014. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of Text I is to 
 a) describe South American natural resources. 
 b) portray Chile’s power matrix. 
 c) explain the reasons why a hydro-electric power plant is necessary in Chile. 
 d) present pros and cons of building a hydro-electric complex in Chile. 
 e) fight the hydro-electric power plant development in Chile.
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Questão 228: CESGRANRIO - Med do Trab (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
An Introduction to the Oil Patch
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So you’re thinking about a field job in the oil industry. If you haven’t been involved in the oil patch before, you probably have no idea how vast it is, or where to start
your job search. Many sites will try to convince you that you can get a job on an offshore rig making $10,000 a month without any experience or training at all, and while
this is possible, it’s not at all likely. Actually, it can be tough to find a job in any field of the oil industry without some experience or training.
First, you should realize that the oil industry isn’t just drilling rigs, pumpjacks, and gas stations. The oil industry is a lot like the military in that it employs people in nearly
every profession. There are positions such as roughneck or airgun operator, that are very specific to the oil industry; but there are also welders, medics, chemists,
biologists, environmentalists, cooks, computer programmers, engineers, and a thousand more positions that are absolutely essential to the industry. You don’t have to
have experience specifically in the oil industry in order to have relevant experience.
The oil patch is a little bit different from most other industries. You’ll soon lose the idea of a weekend as you now know it... The patch runs seven days a week, and in
many cases, 24 hours a day. You’ll be expected to work every day in all weather conditions, for weeks or even months at a time. The oil industry is also very production
oriented; you’ll make more money welding in the oil patch than in another industry, but you’ll work longer and harder for that bigger paycheck.
There are a few prerequisites if you want a field job in the oil patch:
You must be in reasonably good physical condition, and be able to lift at least 50 lbs. regularly.
For most positions, you must have a valid driver’s license.
You must have suitable clothing for extended outdoor work and in most cases, hard toed safety boots.
You should not have any medical condition which would make it unsafe for you to operate machinery.
You don’t need to live in the city where your employer is located, but in most cases you will have to provide your own transportation to and from your home from
the employer’s location (point-of-hire). If you live a long way from any area with oil and gas activity, you will have a very difficult time finding an entry level job in
this industry.
You must be willing and able to work hard for long hours. This industry is all about production, and if you don’t produce, you’re not an asset to the company.
You must be drug-free. Most companies conduct pre-employment drug screenings and random testing of employees. If your test show signs of illegal drugs in your
system, you will not be hired. Most oil work requires you to live away from home, in motels or camps near the jobs. Your travel, accommodations, and meals will
usually be paid by your employer while you’re working. Most companies also provide all required safety supplies, such as hard hats and reflective safety vests. You
are required to supply your own work clothes, boots, gloves, etc.
Before you leave for your first job, be sure you have appropriate clothing to spend 14 hours outside... frostbite isn’t fun, neither is heat stroke.
Much of the work in the oil industry is very physically demanding, especially in the entry level positions. There is no upper age limit, but you should be willing and able to
work hard for long hours, lift 50 lbs regularly, and be in relatively good physical condition. If you have back or other health problems that prevent strenuous activity, you
may want to reconsider this line of work. Most companies require employees to be at least 18 years old. A recent hearing test and/or medical evaluation may be required.
Many oilfield companies also require a preemployment drug and alcohol screening. You should know that though you can make a lot of money in a month in the oil patch,
you can also make no money in a month. Most oilfield work isn’t very stable, and you’ll occasionallyfind yourself laid-off on short notice due to a shortage of work... and
called back on even shorter notice. Many people in Canada work in the oil industry during the winter while it’s busy, then take the spring and summer off, or work non-
oilfield summer jobs.
Offshore and overseas rigs usually operate yearround, offering a much more stable work environment; but there are very few positions on these rigs that are available
without any experience. If you’re interested in working on one of these rigs, you may want to start with a catering job. All major offshore and overseas projects employ
catering staff to provide meals for the rig crew. These positions are often available without experience, and rig managers will often hire catering staff onto the rig crew if
they need an extra hand, or if a member of the rig crew gets injured or leaves. It’s a matter of being in the right place at the right time, and showing interest in working
on the rig.
Available at: <http://www.oilfi eldworkers.com/oilfi eldintro.php> Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012
 
Text II
Brazil Oil Boom Boosts Job Market
By Amy Skalmusky, Senior Contributing Reporter
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – Spearheaded by record investment in the petroleum and natural gas industry, Brazil’s job market continues to grow at a breakneck pace.
Billion dollar investments by the government and private companies have created a positive landscape for job seekers, with no sign of abating.
“The demand for professionals will continue to increase. I believe we will see an even larger demand in two to three years due to project maintenance and expansion,”
said Rafael Faria, Head of Business Recruiting in Oil & Gas for a global recruiting corporation.
With investments of US$224 billion over the next four years by the major Brazilian oil and gas company, as well as investments by almost all major multinational oil
companies in the exploration of new oil and gas fields, qualified workers are a hot commodity. An estimate from the federal government estimates that the new Brazilian
oil fields will require 250,000 new professionals through 2016.
Among the professionals most in demand are operations managers, logistics managers, project managers, contract managers and engineers. According to Faria, one of
the most challenging positions to fill is the Contract Manager, which requires a good amount of experience in dealing with the large oil companies and their complex rules
and regulations.
“Human Resource managers are at wits end,” said Rose Santos, Human Resource Manager at an international organization specialized in deepwater engineering services
for the oil industry. “Everyone is fighting for the best professionals. Engineers are getting hired right out of college.”
Most universities offer an undergraduate degree in Petroleum Engineering, and it has become the most sought-after course, passing medicine.
 
But not only managers are in high demand, skilled workers to build, maintain, repair and perform technical installations on the drill rigs, platforms, ships and other
offshore and onshore structures are essential.
Training courses and programs are trying to keep up with the demand. SENAI (Professional training school) has doubled the number of professional training courses in
the last four years. PROMINP, Programa de Mobilização da Indústria de Petróleo e Gás Natural, a training program developed in 2003 in conjunction with a major oil
company to train ‘blue collar’ workers, plans to turn out 212,000 professionals 
by 2014.
Some companies opt to search beyond Brazil’s borders to find professionals. Many of the multinational companies that previously had only a single representative in
Brazil, are looking to extend their presence and have to import talent. Work visas can be a challenge to obtain though, and permanent visas also involve significant
immigration procedures.
While many companies tend to import professionals from their home base, according to Santos, it is common practice to try to replace them 
with Brazilians within two to three years, due to the high costs.
Faria agrees, “Hiring foreigners can cost up to three times the salary paid to a Brazilian. The cost includes school for their children, moving expenses, room and board and
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a car.”
 
For foreigners considering a relocation to try their luck in Brazil’s heated job market, it is important to do the research and evaluate carefully.
“Maybe in three to five years it may be worth it for middle managers, but it will depend on the exchange rate and changes in governmental policy, which I don’t see on
the horizon,” said Faria.
Available at: <http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/
brazil-oil-boom-boosts-job-market/#>. Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012. Adapted.
 
A comparison between Texts I and II reveals that 
 a) only Text I discusses the complex challenges faced by oil companies when hiring foreign workers. 
 b) only Text II mentions the necessary skills and qualifications expected from prospective employees in the oil industry. 
 c) both Text I and Text II list the wide variety of professionals that have been demanded by oil companies. 
 d) neither Text I nor Text II comment on the benefits derived from choosing a career in the oil business. 
 e) Text I denies the importance of hiring employees with previous experience in the oil industry while Text II focuses on the relevance of contracting qualified
professionals to perform in the same area.
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Questão 229: CESGRANRIO - Med do Trab (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text II
Brazil Oil Boom Boosts Job Market
By Amy Skalmusky, Senior Contributing Reporter
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL – Spearheaded by record investment in the petroleum and natural gas industry, Brazil’s job market continues to grow at a breakneck pace.
Billion dollar investments by the government and private companies have created a positive landscape for job seekers, with no sign of abating.
“The demand for professionals will continue to increase. I believe we will see an even larger demand in two to three years due to project maintenance and expansion,”
said Rafael Faria, Head of Business Recruiting in Oil & Gas for a global recruiting corporation.
With investments of US$224 billion over the next four years by the major Brazilian oil and gas company, as well as investments by almost all major multinational oil
companies in the exploration of new oil and gas fields, qualified workers are a hot commodity. An estimate from the federal government estimates that the new Brazilian
oil fields will require 250,000 new professionals through 2016.
Among the professionals most in demand are operations managers, logistics managers, project managers, contract managers and engineers. According to Faria, one of
the most challenging positions to fill is the Contract Manager, which requires a good amount of experience in dealing with the large oil companies and their complex rules
and regulations.
“Human Resource managers are at wits end,” said Rose Santos, Human Resource Manager at an international organization specialized in deepwater engineering services
for the oil industry. “Everyone is fighting for the best professionals. Engineers are getting hired right out of college.”
Most universities offer an undergraduate degree in Petroleum Engineering, and it has become the most sought-after course, passing medicine.
 
But not only managers are in high demand, skilled workers to build, maintain, repair and perform technical installations on the drill rigs, platforms, ships and other
offshore and onshore structures are essential.
Training courses and programs are trying to keep up with the demand. SENAI (Professional training school) has doubled the number of professional trainingcourses in
the last four years. PROMINP, Programa de Mobilização da Indústria de Petróleo e Gás Natural, a training program developed in 2003 in conjunction with a major oil
company to train ‘blue collar’ workers, plans to turn out 212,000 professionals 
by 2014.
Some companies opt to search beyond Brazil’s borders to find professionals. Many of the multinational companies that previously had only a single representative in
Brazil, are looking to extend their presence and have to import talent. Work visas can be a challenge to obtain though, and permanent visas also involve significant
immigration procedures.
While many companies tend to import professionals from their home base, according to Santos, it is common practice to try to replace them 
with Brazilians within two to three years, due to the high costs.
Faria agrees, “Hiring foreigners can cost up to three times the salary paid to a Brazilian. The cost includes school for their children, moving expenses, room and board and
a car.”
 
For foreigners considering a relocation to try their luck in Brazil’s heated job market, it is important to do the research and evaluate carefully.
“Maybe in three to five years it may be worth it for middle managers, but it will depend on the exchange rate and changes in governmental policy, which I don’t see on
the horizon,” said Faria.
Available at: <http://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-business/
brazil-oil-boom-boosts-job-market/#>. Retrieved on: Aug. 29, 2012. Adapted.
 
Concerning the future of the oil job market, Text II suggests that 
 a) petroleum and natural gas industries will soon be facing a shortage of skilled workers in the global market. 
 b) qualified professionals for specific positions in the oil industry will find more opportunities in the Brazilian job market. 
 c) factory floor staff with technical skills will soon be replaced by specialized employees with a university degree. 
 d) local expertise will be outnumbered by foreign professionals, since Brazilian engineers are not qualified for the oil industry. 
 e) more jobs are going to be created to attract a higher number of foreign professionals to the Brazilian oil industry in the next decade.
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Questão 230: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
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Text II
The Environmental Consequences 
of Natural Resource Extraction
The environmental impact of society’s dependence on natural resources is undeniable, though with these resources set up as the lifeblood of modern industry, many
continue to downplay the urgency of freeing ourselves from this dependence. The most compelling and visual consequence of burning carbon based fuels are the
resulting CO2 emissions that act as greenhouse gases, the primary contributor to global warming. However, as more people study how the resources are developed, it
becomes apparent that the environmental damage from these extraction processes may be as significant as the emissions.
A recent article from Scientific American demonstrates how little is known about the dangers of extracting natural gas from the earth. Even though the process had been
deemed safe by the EPA, new research suggests that this may not be the case. Complicating the matter further is the fact that the chemical mixture that companies use
in the extraction is considered a trade secret, and they are resistant to providing this info on the grounds of secrecy.
The technology for burning coal with fewer emissions is expensive yet feasible, but there is no account for the environmental damage done during the extraction process.
Moreover, around the globe, corporations are continually exploiting indigenous regions for their resources. A report from the World Wildlife Fund details the various
problems that are occurring in the Amazon region as a result of resource exploitation. It explains the various effects that oil and gas extraction can have, including
deforestation, regional conflict, biodiversity loss, and soil and aquatic pollution. Selling the rights to these resources to companies can be a strong move economically for
poor regions, but the long-term effects will greatly outweigh the benefits on a global scale.
The need for alternative energy supplies is urgent, and it will only serve the public to discuss the full extent of the environmental dangers that carbon based fuels pose.
By not entering the dangers of extraction into the case for developing clean energy, the argument for implementing these technologies is diminished, and the needs of
the environment will continue to be overshadowed by global events like the current financial crisis.
Available at: <http://common-breath.com/the-environmentalconsequences- of-natural-resource-extraction/>. Retrieved on: Jan. 10th, 2014. Adapted.
 
Among the problems which occur in the Amazon region listed by the World Wildlife Fund report, in the 3rd paragraph of Text II, the one that is NOT mentioned is 
 a) water pollution 
 b) local conflicts 
 c) devastation of the forest 
 d) the diminution of biodiversity 
 e) the aggravation of the greenhouse effect
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/286271
Questão 231: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text II
The Environmental Consequences 
of Natural Resource Extraction
The environmental impact of society’s dependence on natural resources is undeniable, though with these resources set up as the lifeblood of modern industry, many
continue to downplay the urgency of freeing ourselves from this dependence. The most compelling and visual consequence of burning carbon based fuels are the
resulting CO2 emissions that act as greenhouse gases, the primary contributor to global warming. However, as more people study how the resources are developed, it
becomes apparent that the environmental damage from these extraction processes may be as significant as the emissions.
A recent article from Scientific American demonstrates how little is known about the dangers of extracting natural gas from the earth. Even though the process had been
deemed safe by the EPA, new research suggests that this may not be the case. Complicating the matter further is the fact that the chemical mixture that companies use
in the extraction is considered a trade secret, and they are resistant to providing this info on the grounds of secrecy.
The technology for burning coal with fewer emissions is expensive yet feasible, but there is no account for the environmental damage done during the extraction process.
Moreover, around the globe, corporations are continually exploiting indigenous regions for their resources. A report from the World Wildlife Fund details the various
problems that are occurring in the Amazon region as a result of resource exploitation. It explains the various effects that oil and gas extraction can have, including
deforestation, regional conflict, biodiversity loss, and soil and aquatic pollution. Selling the rights to these resources to companies can be a strong move economically for
poor regions, but the long-term effects will greatly outweigh the benefits on a global scale.
The need for alternative energy supplies is urgent, and it will only serve the public to discuss the full extent of the environmental dangers that carbon based fuels pose.
By not entering the dangers of extraction into the case for developing clean energy, the argument for implementing these technologies is diminished, and the needs of
the environment will continue to be overshadowed by global events like the current financial crisis.
Available at: <http://common-breath.com/the-environmentalconsequences- of-natural-resource-extraction/>.Retrieved on: Jan. 10th, 2014. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of Text II is to 
 a) discuss the effects of CO2 emission on the environment. 
 b) make readers aware of the dangers involved in natural resources extraction. 
 c) defend the idea that we do not need to develop technology related alternative energy supplies. 
 d) make readers aware of the rights of Indians in the Amazon region. 
 e) convince readers of the fact that the extraction of natural resources involves no risk to the environment.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/286269
Questão 232: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2014
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text II
Coming to an office near you
The effect of today’s technology on tomorrow’s job will be 
immense—and no country is ready for it
Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution artisan weavers were swept aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past
30 years the digital revolution has displaced many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many
production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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For those, including this newspaper, who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such churn is a natural part of rising prosperity. Although
innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A
hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were
not consigned to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has shrunk, but there are ever more
computer programmers and web designers.
Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefits. Technology’s impact
will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but eventually sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.
Why be worried? It is partly just a matter of history repeating itself. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution the rewards of increasing productivity went
disproportionately to capital; later on, labour reaped most of the benefits. The pattern today is similar. The prosperity unleashed by the Digital Revolution has gone
overwhelmingly to the owners of capital and the highest-skilled workers.
Many of the jobs most at risk are lower down the ladder (logistics, haulage), whereas the skills that are least vulnerable to automation (creativity, managerial expertise)
tend to be higher up, so median wages are likely to remain stagnant for some time and income gaps are likely to widen.
Anger about rising inequality is bound to grow, but politicians will find it hard to address the problem. Shunning progress would be as futile now as the Luddites’ protests
against mechanised looms were in the 1810s, because any country that tried to stop would be left behind by competitors eager to embrace new technology. The freedom
to raise taxes on the rich to punitive levels will be similarly constrained by the mobility of capital and highly skilled labour.
 
The main way in which governments can help their people through this dislocation is through education systems. One of the reasons for the improvement in workers’
fortunes in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution was because schools were built to educate them—a dramatic change at the time. Now those schools themselves
need to be changed, to foster the creativity that humans will need to set them apart from computers. There should be less rote-learning and more critical thinking.
Innovation has brought great benefits to humanity. Nobody in their right mind would want to return to the world of handloom weavers. But the benefits of technological
progress are unevenly distributed, especially in the early stages of each new wave, and it is up to governments to spread them. In the 19th century it took the threat of
revolution to bring about progressive reforms. Today’s governments would do well to start making the changes needed before their people get angry.
Available at: <http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21594298>. Retrieved on: Jan. 21st, 2014. Adapted.
 
In Text II, it’s implied that innovation is the elixir of progress in both Revolutions, but it has its downside because 
 a) the rich became poorer. 
 b) farms in America were abandoned. 
 c) some jobs are eliminated. 
 d) secretaries are now webdesigners. 
 e) richer people consume more.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/286310
Questão 233: CESGRANRIO - Tec Adm (BNDES)/BNDES/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Better Education Quality Needed
Formal education and skills aren’t connecting in Latin America.
 
By Gabriel Sanchez Zinny
 
Education advocates in Latin America have long pushed for expanded access for all students. Indeed, access has improved, with secondary school completion rates
climbing from 30 to 50 percent over the past two decades. However, there is a growing realization that greater access alone will do little good without higher quality.
Business leaders, in particular, have argued that there is a profound disconnect between what schools are teaching and what is actually required for a worker to succeed
in a globalized, innovation-driven, and knowledge-based modern economy. “There are very talented people in the region. All they need is a chance to develop,” says
Felipe Vergara, co-founder of Lumni, a company that invests in students’ education in exchange for a fixed portion of the income they will go on to receive with their
improved career path.
 
At the same time that the private sector is beginning to take matters into its own hands, a new report from a team of Inter-American Development Bank education
researchers, led by Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas, has shed new light on the failures of Latin American education systems to prepare students for the job market.
Entitled “Disconnected: Skills, Education and Employment in Latin America”, the report uses surveys of both students and employers across the region to understand why
and how this gap in skills is occurring.
The results are surprising. While access has increased, in two other critical areas - quality and relevance - there has been little to no progress, leaving students
unprepared for the demands of the modern workplace. The employers surveyed all pointed to the importance of what are known as “socio-emotional skills”, in contrast to
traditional cognitive skills such as literacy and basic mathematics. Socio-emotional skills relate to personality, and include punctuality, politeness, work ethics,
responsibility, empathy, and adaptability, and are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism.
 
While high costs are certainly playing a role, it is clear that addressing the skills gap in Latin America will require a multifaceted approach. As the authors of
“Disconnected” argue, schools must find ways to become more engaged with the productive economy that surrounds them, and improve their ability to instill and
evaluate the type of skills that the private sector is looking for. This effort should go beyond increasing the access and completion of secondary school. It should involve
more research, better teacher recruitment and evaluation, and incentives for developing socioemotional skills.
Companies have a strong role to play, and some of them are just not giving up.As Juan Iramain, Vice President of Public Affairs and Communications in Coca Cola’s
South Latin region, puts it, “at the Coca-Cola Company we understand that in order to catch up with the necessary level of sustainability of the globalized world, our
business should rely on the sustainability of the communities in which we operate. For some time now, therefore, we have been dealing with specialized NGOs to
strengthen the work of parents and school. The aim is not only for students to complete the school year, but also that they incorporate the curiosity and lifelong learning
capabilities needed to work in the labor market of the 21st century. We just can’t put up with a school program that cannot prepare youngsters for a better society”. 
 
But above all, as the authors Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas have argued, we must continue this dialogue between governments and the private sector so that education
reform can lead to increased opportunity and economic development across the region.
 
Available at: <http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5623>. Retrieved on: 20 May 2012. Adapted.
 
The failures of Latin American education systems have been pointed out by 
 a) students 
 b) the job market 
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 c) the private sector business 
 d) a team of education researchers 
 e) business leaders such as Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/136236
Questão 234: CESGRANRIO - PB (BNDES)/BNDES/Psicologia/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Coworking: Sharing How We Work
 
Genevieve DeGuzman
Communication
 
In the past, when trying to find places to work, independent workers, small businesses, and organizations often had to choose between several scenarios, all with their
attendant advantages and disadvantages: working from home; working from a coffee shop, library, or other public venue; or leasing an executive suite or other
commercial space.
 
Is there a better way to work? Yes. Enter coworking.
 
Coworking takes freelancers, indie workers, and entrepreneurs who feel that they have been dormant or isolated working alone at home or who have been migrating
from a coffee shop to a friend’s garage or languishing in a sterile business center — to a space where they can truly roost. 
 
“We can come out of hiding,” a coworker tells us, “and be in a space that’s comfortable, friendly, and has an aesthetic appeal that’s a far cry from the typical cookie-
cutter office environment.”
 
For many, it might be puzzling to pay for a wellequipped space teeming with other people, even with the chance of free coffee and inspiration. You might ask yourself,
“Well, why pay for a place to work when I’m perfectly comfortable at home and paying nothing?” Or, “Isn’t the whole point of telecommuting or starting my own business
a chance to avoid ‘going to the office’?” 
 
Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense, but let’s consider what you get from being a part of the space.
 
At its most basic level, coworking is the phenomenon of workers coming together in a shared or collaborative workspace for one or more of these reasons: to reduce
costs by having shared facilities and equipment, to access a community of fellow entrepreneurs, and to seek out collaboration within and across fields. Coworking spaces
offer an exciting alternative for people longing to escape the confines of their cubicle walls, the isolation of working solo at home, or the inconveniences of public venues. 
 
The benefits and cost-savings in productivity and overall happiness and well-being reaped from coworking are also potentially huge. Enthusiasm and creativity become
contagious and multiply when you diversify your work environment with people from different fields or backgrounds. At coworking spaces, members pass each other
during the day, conversations get going, and miraculously idea-fusion happens with everyone benefitting from the shared thinking and brainstorming. 
 
Differences matter. Coworking hinges on the belief that innovation and inspiration come from the cross-pollination of different people in different fields or specializations.
Random opportunities and discoveries that arise from interactions with others play a large role in coworking.
 
To see this in action on a large scale, think about Google. Google made the culture of sharing and collaboration in the workplace legend. It deployed “grouplets” for
initiatives that cover broader changes through the organization.
 
One remarkable story of a successful Google grouplet involved getting engineers to write their own testing code to reduce the incidence of bugs in software code.
Thinking creatively, the grouplet came up with a campaign based on posting episodes discussing new and interesting testing techniques on the bathroom stalls. “Testing
on the Toilet” spread fast and garnered both rants and raves. Soon, people were hungry for more, and the campaign ultimately developed enough inertia to become a de
facto part of the coding culture. They moved out of the restrooms and into the mainstream.
 
Keith Sawyer, a professor of psychology and education at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, has written widely on collaboration and innovation. In his study of jazz
performances, Keith Sawyer made this observation, “The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” Some of the most famous products were born out of this
mosh pit of interaction — in contrast to the romantic idea of a lone working genius driving change. According to Sawyer, more often than not, true innovation emerges
from an improvised process and draws from trial-by-error and many inputs. 
 
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If increasing interaction among different peer groups within a single company could lead to promising results,
imagine the possibilities for solopreneurs, small businesses, and indie workers — if only they could reach similar levels of peer access as those experienced by their bigger
counterparts. It is this potential that coworking tries to capture for its members. 
 
Available at: <http://workawesome.com/productivity/coworking/>. Retrieved on: 21 Oct. 2011. Adapted.
 
Google is mentioned in paragraphs 10 and 11 of the text in order to 
 a) contrast the legends on workplace productivity with Google’s large scale marketing initiatives. 
 b) argument with a counter-example to prove that coworking does not always bring about a successful result. 
 c) suggest that it is essential to campaign for new techniques that will foster inertia in the work environment. 
 d) illustrate how software engineers can find better solutions for bathroom installations. 
 e) demonstrate through example how workers in different specializations can collaborate to find innovative solutions for the business.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/135963
Questão 235: CESGRANRIO - Tec (BR)/BR/Suprimento e Logística Júnior/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Migration 
Why and how do animals migrate?
 
From Kids Discover Magazine
 
Most birds and other animals migrate for three basic reasons. First, animals must look for food, and maybe they may have depleted the resources in a particular area
where they are. Or they may be trying to keep up with the changing patterns of available vegetation. This is what the zebras in Serengeti Forest in Africa do each year.
They follow rainfall patterns in order to find ample and fresh vegetation.
 
Second, animals may migrate to escape extreme seasonal temperatures. For example, many birds fly south to warmer climates, for the winter, while others travel to get
special seasonal shelters. Little brown bats fly 200 to 800 km from their outdoor home to their winter caves that provide a safe place for them to hibernate during thecold months.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Third, animals migrate to get to their breeding ground. Salmon, for instance, swim from the ocean to the exact area of the river where they were born. Then, they
reproduce in this area before they die.
 
Now, in terms of how they migrate, if we are talking about day animals, they keep visual landmarks in their minds to help them move from one place to another. With the
elephants, for instance, the oldest female memorizes the position of rivers, mountain ranges and other fixed spots, in order to take the members of the herd to food and
fresh water. Flying animals such as birds and insects may use the position of the sun to guide them as a compass. If they are night animals, their specialized nocturnal
vision allows them to see the shades of the trees in the dark. But to migrate at night in the forest, night animals’ preferred method is by guiding themselves by observing
the position of the stars, just like exploring navigators used to do in the XV century.
 
Available at: <http://www.kidsdiscover.com/blog/spotlight/animalmigrations- for-kids/> Retrieved on: nov. 20, 2012. Adapted.
 
In the text, the way day animals succeed in migrating is by 
 a) helping others to move too. 
 b) looking for fresh water. 
 c) making advisory calls. 
 d) flying to the mountains. 
 e) memorizing visual landmarks.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/224155
Questão 236: CESGRANRIO - Tec Adm (BNDES)/BNDES/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Better Education Quality Needed
Formal education and skills aren’t connecting in Latin America.
 
By Gabriel Sanchez Zinny
 
Education advocates in Latin America have long pushed for expanded access for all students. Indeed, access has improved, with secondary school completion rates
climbing from 30 to 50 percent over the past two decades. However, there is a growing realization that greater access alone will do little good without higher quality.
Business leaders, in particular, have argued that there is a profound disconnect between what schools are teaching and what is actually required for a worker to succeed
in a globalized, innovation-driven, and knowledge-based modern economy. “There are very talented people in the region. All they need is a chance to develop,” says
Felipe Vergara, co-founder of Lumni, a company that invests in students’ education in exchange for a fixed portion of the income they will go on to receive with their
improved career path.
 
At the same time that the private sector is beginning to take matters into its own hands, a new report from a team of Inter-American Development Bank education
researchers, led by Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas, has shed new light on the failures of Latin American education systems to prepare students for the job market.
Entitled “Disconnected: Skills, Education and Employment in Latin America”, the report uses surveys of both students and employers across the region to understand why
and how this gap in skills is occurring.
The results are surprising. While access has increased, in two other critical areas - quality and relevance - there has been little to no progress, leaving students
unprepared for the demands of the modern workplace. The employers surveyed all pointed to the importance of what are known as “socio-emotional skills”, in contrast to
traditional cognitive skills such as literacy and basic mathematics. Socio-emotional skills relate to personality, and include punctuality, politeness, work ethics,
responsibility, empathy, and adaptability, and are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism.
 
While high costs are certainly playing a role, it is clear that addressing the skills gap in Latin America will require a multifaceted approach. As the authors of
“Disconnected” argue, schools must find ways to become more engaged with the productive economy that surrounds them, and improve their ability to instill and
evaluate the type of skills that the private sector is looking for. This effort should go beyond increasing the access and completion of secondary school. It should involve
more research, better teacher recruitment and evaluation, and incentives for developing socioemotional skills.
Companies have a strong role to play, and some of them are just not giving up. As Juan Iramain, Vice President of Public Affairs and Communications in Coca Cola’s
South Latin region, puts it, “at the Coca-Cola Company we understand that in order to catch up with the necessary level of sustainability of the globalized world, our
business should rely on the sustainability of the communities in which we operate. For some time now, therefore, we have been dealing with specialized NGOs to
strengthen the work of parents and school. The aim is not only for students to complete the school year, but also that they incorporate the curiosity and lifelong learning
capabilities needed to work in the labor market of the 21st century. We just can’t put up with a school program that cannot prepare youngsters for a better society”. 
 
But above all, as the authors Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas have argued, we must continue this dialogue between governments and the private sector so that education
reform can lead to increased opportunity and economic development across the region.
 
Available at: <http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5623>. Retrieved on: 20 May 2012. Adapted.
 
What measure has not proven sufficient in the past to address the skills gap in Latin American Education? 
 a) Lowering the high costs of education. 
 b) Adopting a multifaceted approach. 
 c) Increasing the access and completion rates. 
 d) Incrementing school’s engagement with the productive economy. 
 e) Fostering incentives for developing socio-emotional skills.
 
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/136242
Questão 237: CESGRANRIO - Tec Adm (BNDES)/BNDES/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Better Education Quality Needed
Formal education and skills aren’t connecting in Latin America.
 
By Gabriel Sanchez Zinny
 
Education advocates in Latin America have long pushed for expanded access for all students. Indeed, access has improved, with secondary school completion rates
climbing from 30 to 50 percent over the past two decades. However, there is a growing realization that greater access alone will do little good without higher quality.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/cadernos/experimental/24626247/imprimir 24/130
Business leaders, in particular, have argued that there is a profound disconnect between what schools are teaching and what is actually required for a worker to succeed
in a globalized, innovation-driven, and knowledge-based modern economy. “There are very talented people in the region. All they need is a chance to develop,” says
Felipe Vergara, co-founder of Lumni, a company that invests in students’ education in exchange for a fixed portion of the income they will go on to receive with their
improved career path.
 
At the same time that the private sector is beginning to take matters into its own hands, a new report from a team of Inter-American Development Bank education
researchers, led by Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas, has shed new light on the failures of Latin American education systems to prepare students for the job market.
Entitled “Disconnected: Skills, Education and Employment in Latin America”, the report uses surveys of both students and employers across the region to understand why
and how this gap in skills is occurring.
The results are surprising. While access has increased, in two other critical areas - quality and relevance - therehas been little to no progress, leaving students
unprepared for the demands of the modern workplace. The employers surveyed all pointed to the importance of what are known as “socio-emotional skills”, in contrast to
traditional cognitive skills such as literacy and basic mathematics. Socio-emotional skills relate to personality, and include punctuality, politeness, work ethics,
responsibility, empathy, and adaptability, and are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism.
 
While high costs are certainly playing a role, it is clear that addressing the skills gap in Latin America will require a multifaceted approach. As the authors of
“Disconnected” argue, schools must find ways to become more engaged with the productive economy that surrounds them, and improve their ability to instill and
evaluate the type of skills that the private sector is looking for. This effort should go beyond increasing the access and completion of secondary school. It should involve
more research, better teacher recruitment and evaluation, and incentives for developing socioemotional skills.
Companies have a strong role to play, and some of them are just not giving up. As Juan Iramain, Vice President of Public Affairs and Communications in Coca Cola’s
South Latin region, puts it, “at the Coca-Cola Company we understand that in order to catch up with the necessary level of sustainability of the globalized world, our
business should rely on the sustainability of the communities in which we operate. For some time now, therefore, we have been dealing with specialized NGOs to
strengthen the work of parents and school. The aim is not only for students to complete the school year, but also that they incorporate the curiosity and lifelong learning
capabilities needed to work in the labor market of the 21st century. We just can’t put up with a school program that cannot prepare youngsters for a better society”. 
 
But above all, as the authors Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas have argued, we must continue this dialogue between governments and the private sector so that education
reform can lead to increased opportunity and economic development across the region.
 
Available at: <http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5623>. Retrieved on: 20 May 2012. Adapted.
 
According to the text, in Latin America, education advocates
 a) have reason to suppose that secondary education problems have all ended. 
 b) have reason to suppose that secondary education problems with quality have improved. 
 c) can be happy because education quality rate has climbed over 30 percent. 
 d) could be happy concerning students’ access to secondary school and completion of the course. 
 e) should be very concerned with the poor rate of access to secondary school.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/136234
Questão 238: CESGRANRIO - PB (BNDES)/BNDES/Psicologia/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Coworking: Sharing How We Work
 
Genevieve DeGuzman
Communication
 
In the past, when trying to find places to work, independent workers, small businesses, and organizations often had to choose between several scenarios, all with their
attendant advantages and disadvantages: working from home; working from a coffee shop, library, or other public venue; or leasing an executive suite or other
commercial space.
 
Is there a better way to work? Yes. Enter coworking.
 
Coworking takes freelancers, indie workers, and entrepreneurs who feel that they have been dormant or isolated working alone at home or who have been migrating
from a coffee shop to a friend’s garage or languishing in a sterile business center — to a space where they can truly roost. 
 
“We can come out of hiding,” a coworker tells us, “and be in a space that’s comfortable, friendly, and has an aesthetic appeal that’s a far cry from the typical cookie-
cutter office environment.”
 
For many, it might be puzzling to pay for a wellequipped space teeming with other people, even with the chance of free coffee and inspiration. You might ask yourself,
“Well, why pay for a place to work when I’m perfectly comfortable at home and paying nothing?” Or, “Isn’t the whole point of telecommuting or starting my own business
a chance to avoid ‘going to the office’?” 
 
Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense, but let’s consider what you get from being a part of the space.
 
At its most basic level, coworking is the phenomenon of workers coming together in a shared or collaborative workspace for one or more of these reasons: to reduce
costs by having shared facilities and equipment, to access a community of fellow entrepreneurs, and to seek out collaboration within and across fields. Coworking spaces
offer an exciting alternative for people longing to escape the confines of their cubicle walls, the isolation of working solo at home, or the inconveniences of public venues. 
 
The benefits and cost-savings in productivity and overall happiness and well-being reaped from coworking are also potentially huge. Enthusiasm and creativity become
contagious and multiply when you diversify your work environment with people from different fields or backgrounds. At coworking spaces, members pass each other
during the day, conversations get going, and miraculously idea-fusion happens with everyone benefitting from the shared thinking and brainstorming. 
 
Differences matter. Coworking hinges on the belief that innovation and inspiration come from the cross-pollination of different people in different fields or specializations.
Random opportunities and discoveries that arise from interactions with others play a large role in coworking.
 
To see this in action on a large scale, think about Google. Google made the culture of sharing and collaboration in the workplace legend. It deployed “grouplets” for
initiatives that cover broader changes through the organization.
 
One remarkable story of a successful Google grouplet involved getting engineers to write their own testing code to reduce the incidence of bugs in software code.
Thinking creatively, the grouplet came up with a campaign based on posting episodes discussing new and interesting testing techniques on the bathroom stalls. “Testing
on the Toilet” spread fast and garnered both rants and raves. Soon, people were hungry for more, and the campaign ultimately developed enough inertia to become a de
facto part of the coding culture. They moved out of the restrooms and into the mainstream.
 
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/cadernos/experimental/24626247/imprimir 25/130
Keith Sawyer, a professor of psychology and education at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, has written widely on collaboration and innovation. In his study of jazz
performances, Keith Sawyer made this observation, “The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” Some of the most famous products were born out of this
mosh pit of interaction — in contrast to the romantic idea of a lone working genius driving change. According to Sawyer, more often than not, true innovation emerges
from an improvised process and draws from trial-by-error and many inputs. 
 
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If increasing interaction among different peer groups within a single company could lead to promising results(a),
imagine the possibilities(b) for solopreneurs(c), small businesses, and indie workers — if only they could reach similar levels(d) of peer access as those experienced by
their bigger counterparts(e). It is this potential that coworking tries to capture for its members. 
 
Available at: <http://workawesome.com/productivity/coworking/>. Retrieved on: 21 Oct. 2011. Adapted.
 
In the fragment “as those experienced by their bigger counterparts” the pronoun those refers to 
 a) results 
 b) possibilities 
 c) solopreneurs 
 d) levels 
 e) counterpartsEsta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/135966
Questão 239: CESGRANRIO - Tec Adm (BNDES)/BNDES/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Better Education Quality Needed
Formal education and skills aren’t connecting in Latin America.
 
By Gabriel Sanchez Zinny
 
Education advocates in Latin America have long pushed for expanded access for all students. Indeed, access has improved, with secondary school completion rates
climbing from 30 to 50 percent over the past two decades. However, there is a growing realization that greater access alone will do little good without higher quality.
Business leaders, in particular, have argued that there is a profound disconnect between what schools are teaching and what is actually required for a worker to succeed
in a globalized, innovation-driven, and knowledge-based modern economy. “There are very talented people in the region. All they need is a chance to develop,” says
Felipe Vergara, co-founder of Lumni, a company that invests in students’ education in exchange for a fixed portion of the income they will go on to receive with their
improved career path.
 
At the same time that the private sector is beginning to take matters into its own hands, a new report from a team of Inter-American Development Bank education
researchers, led by Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas, has shed new light on the failures of Latin American education systems to prepare students for the job market.
Entitled “Disconnected: Skills, Education and Employment in Latin America”, the report uses surveys of both students and employers across the region to understand why
and how this gap in skills is occurring.
The results are surprising. While access has increased, in two other critical areas - quality and relevance - there has been little to no progress, leaving students
unprepared for the demands of the modern workplace. The employers surveyed all pointed to the importance of what are known as “socio-emotional skills”, in contrast to
traditional cognitive skills such as literacy and basic mathematics. Socio-emotional skills relate to personality, and include punctuality, politeness, work ethics,
responsibility, empathy, and adaptability, and are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism.
 
While high costs are certainly playing a role, it is clear that addressing the skills gap in Latin America will require a multifaceted approach. As the authors of
“Disconnected” argue, schools must find ways to become more engaged with the productive economy that surrounds them, and improve their ability to instill and
evaluate the type of skills that the private sector is looking for. This effort should go beyond increasing the access and completion of secondary school. It should involve
more research, better teacher recruitment and evaluation, and incentives for developing socioemotional skills.
Companies have a strong role to play, and some of them are just not giving up. As Juan Iramain, Vice President of Public Affairs and Communications in Coca Cola’s
South Latin region, puts it, “at the Coca-Cola Company we understand that in order to catch up with the necessary level of sustainability of the globalized world, our
business should rely on the sustainability of the communities in which we operate. For some time now, therefore, we have been dealing with specialized NGOs to
strengthen the work of parents and school. The aim is not only for students to complete the school year, but also that they incorporate the curiosity and lifelong learning
capabilities needed to work in the labor market of the 21st century. We just can’t put up with a school program that cannot prepare youngsters for a better society”. 
 
But above all, as the authors Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas have argued, we must continue this dialogue between governments and the private sector so that education
reform can lead to increased opportunity and economic development across the region.
 
Available at: <http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5623>. Retrieved on: 20 May 2012. Adapted.
 
An example of socio-emotional skill is 
 a) work ethics 
 b) intelligence 
 c) basic math knowledge 
 d) general culture knowledge 
 e) reading and writing abilities
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/136238
Questão 240: CESGRANRIO - PB (BNDES)/BNDES/Psicologia/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Coworking: Sharing How We Work
 
Genevieve DeGuzman
Communication
 
In the past, when trying to find places to work, independent workers, small businesses, and organizations often had to choose between several scenarios, all with their
attendant advantages and disadvantages: working from home; working from a coffee shop, library, or other public venue; or leasing an executive suite or other
commercial space.
 
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Is there a better way to work? Yes. Enter coworking.
 
Coworking takes freelancers, indie workers, and entrepreneurs who feel that they have been dormant or isolated working alone at home or who have been migrating
from a coffee shop to a friend’s garage or languishing in a sterile business center — to a space where they can truly roost. 
 
“We can come out of hiding,” a coworker tells us, “and be in a space that’s comfortable, friendly, and has an aesthetic appeal that’s a far cry from the typical cookie-
cutter office environment.”
 
For many, it might be puzzling to pay for a wellequipped space teeming with other people, even with the chance of free coffee and inspiration. You might ask yourself,
“Well, why pay for a place to work when I’m perfectly comfortable at home and paying nothing?” Or, “Isn’t the whole point of telecommuting or starting my own business
a chance to avoid ‘going to the office’?” 
 
Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense, but let’s consider what you get from being a part of the space.
 
At its most basic level, coworking is the phenomenon of workers coming together in a shared or collaborative workspace for one or more of these reasons: to reduce
costs by having shared facilities and equipment, to access a community of fellow entrepreneurs, and to seek out collaboration within and across fields. Coworking spaces
offer an exciting alternative for people longing to escape the confines of their cubicle walls, the isolation of working solo at home, or the inconveniences of public venues. 
 
The benefits and cost-savings in productivity and overall happiness and well-being reaped from coworking are also potentially huge. Enthusiasm and creativity become
contagious and multiply when you diversify your work environment with people from different fields or backgrounds. At coworking spaces, members pass each other
during the day, conversations get going, and miraculously idea-fusion happens with everyone benefitting from the shared thinking and brainstorming. 
 
Differences matter. Coworking hinges on the belief that innovation and inspiration come from the cross-pollination of different people in different fields or specializations.
Random opportunities and discoveries that arise from interactions with others play a large role in coworking.
 
To see this in action on a large scale, think about Google. Google made the culture of sharing and collaboration in the workplace legend. It deployed “grouplets” for
initiatives that cover broader changes through the organization.
 
One remarkable story of a successful Google grouplet involved getting engineers to write their own testing code to reduce the incidence of bugs in software code.
Thinking creatively, the grouplet came up with a campaign based on posting episodes discussing new and interesting testing techniques on the bathroom stalls. “Testing
on the Toilet” spread fast and garneredboth rants and raves. Soon, people were hungry for more, and the campaign ultimately developed enough inertia to become a de
facto part of the coding culture. They moved out of the restrooms and into the mainstream.
 
Keith Sawyer, a professor of psychology and education at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, has written widely on collaboration and innovation. In his study of jazz
performances, Keith Sawyer made this observation, “The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” Some of the most famous products were born out of this
mosh pit of interaction — in contrast to the romantic idea of a lone working genius driving change. According to Sawyer, more often than not, true innovation emerges
from an improvised process and draws from trial-by-error and many inputs. 
 
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If increasing interaction among different peer groups within a single company could lead to promising results,
imagine the possibilities for solopreneurs, small businesses, and indie workers — if only they could reach similar levels of peer access as those experienced by their bigger
counterparts. It is this potential that coworking tries to capture for its members. 
 
Available at: <http://workawesome.com/productivity/coworking/>. Retrieved on: 21 Oct. 2011. Adapted.
 
According to the text, all the reasons below are benefits that support the choice of a collaborative workplace, EXCEPT: 
 a) stimulate shared thinking and brainstorming. 
 b) reduce costs by sharing facilities and equipment. 
 c) promote interaction among different peer groups. 
 d) pay for workspace and having to commute to work. 
 e) escape the isolation and discomfort when working in public spaces.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/135962
Questão 241: CESGRANRIO - PB (BNDES)/BNDES/Psicologia/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Coworking: Sharing How We Work
 
Genevieve DeGuzman
Communication
 
In the past, when trying to find places to work, independent workers, small businesses, and organizations often had to choose between several scenarios, all with their
attendant advantages and disadvantages: working from home; working from a coffee shop, library, or other public venue; or leasing an executive suite or other
commercial space.
 
Is there a better way to work? Yes. Enter coworking.
 
Coworking takes freelancers, indie workers, and entrepreneurs who feel that they have been dormant or isolated working alone at home or who have been migrating
from a coffee shop to a friend’s garage or languishing in a sterile business center — to a space where they can truly roost. 
 
“We can come out of hiding,” a coworker tells us, “and be in a space that’s comfortable, friendly, and has an aesthetic appeal that’s a far cry from the typical cookie-
cutter office environment.”
 
For many, it might be puzzling to pay for a wellequipped space teeming with other people, even with the chance of free coffee and inspiration. You might ask yourself,
“Well, why pay for a place to work when I’m perfectly comfortable at home and paying nothing?” Or, “Isn’t the whole point of telecommuting or starting my own business
a chance to avoid ‘going to the office’?” 
 
Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense, but let’s consider what you get from being a part of the space.
 
At its most basic level, coworking is the phenomenon of workers coming together in a shared or collaborative workspace for one or more of these reasons: to reduce
costs by having shared facilities and equipment, to access a community of fellow entrepreneurs, and to seek out collaboration within and across fields. Coworking spaces
offer an exciting alternative for people longing to escape the confines of their cubicle walls, the isolation of working solo at home, or the inconveniences of public venues. 
 
The benefits and cost-savings in productivity and overall happiness and well-being reaped from coworking are also potentially huge. Enthusiasm and creativity become
contagious and multiply when you diversify your work environment with people from different fields or backgrounds. At coworking spaces, members pass each other
during the day, conversations get going, and miraculously idea-fusion happens with everyone benefitting from the shared thinking and brainstorming. 
 
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/cadernos/experimental/24626247/imprimir 27/130
Differences matter. Coworking hinges on the belief that innovation and inspiration come from the cross-pollination of different people in different fields or specializations.
Random opportunities and discoveries that arise from interactions with others play a large role in coworking.
 
To see this in action on a large scale, think about Google. Google made the culture of sharing and collaboration in the workplace legend. It deployed “grouplets” for
initiatives that cover broader changes through the organization.
 
One remarkable story of a successful Google grouplet involved getting engineers to write their own testing code to reduce the incidence of bugs in software code.
Thinking creatively, the grouplet came up with a campaign based on posting episodes discussing new and interesting testing techniques on the bathroom stalls. “Testing
on the Toilet” spread fast and garnered both rants and raves. Soon, people were hungry for more, and the campaign ultimately developed enough inertia to become a de
facto part of the coding culture. They moved out of the restrooms and into the mainstream.
 
Keith Sawyer, a professor of psychology and education at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, has written widely on collaboration and innovation. In his study of jazz
performances, Keith Sawyer made this observation, “The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” Some of the most famous products were born out of this
mosh pit of interaction — in contrast to the romantic idea of a lone working genius driving change. According to Sawyer, more often than not, true innovation emerges
from an improvised process and draws from trial-by-error and many inputs. 
 
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If increasing interaction among different peer groups within a single company could lead to promising results,
imagine the possibilities for solopreneurs, small businesses, and indie workers — if only they could reach similar levels of peer access as those experienced by their bigger
counterparts. It is this potential that coworking tries to capture for its members. 
 
Available at: <http://workawesome.com/productivity/coworking/>. Retrieved on: 21 Oct. 2011. Adapted.
 
The statements below represent opinions collected from different workers.
 
The only one which can be considered as an argument against coworking is: 
 a) ‘One of the best things is that I pay lower than I would for a dedicated office, so I don’t feel pressured to go to the coworking facility every day.’ 
 b) ‘Though my home office is great and I love it, I sometimes need the distance and collaborative environment that my coworking space provides.’ 
 c) ‘The vibe of being around others can feel like a wave carrying you even when you’re not sure where to go – if you need a little social boost.’ 
 d) ‘Perhaps you won’t like any of the other people at your coworking space, or that the proprietors aren’t putting much effort into socializing or collaboration.’ 
 e) ‘The shared space provides instant community and a stimulating atmosphere around other professionals working towards the same intentions as I am.’
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/135967
Questão 242: CESGRANRIO - Tec Adm (BNDES)/BNDES/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Better Education Quality Needed
Formal education and skills aren’t connecting in Latin America.
 
By Gabriel Sanchez Zinny
 
Education advocates in Latin America have long pushed forexpanded access for all students. Indeed, access has improved, with secondary school completion rates
climbing from 30 to 50 percent over the past two decades. However, there is a growing realization that greater access alone will do little good without higher quality.
Business leaders, in particular, have argued that there is a profound disconnect between what schools are teaching and what is actually required for a worker to succeed
in a globalized, innovation-driven, and knowledge-based modern economy. “There are very talented people in the region. All they need is a chance to develop,” says
Felipe Vergara, co-founder of Lumni, a company that invests in students’ education in exchange for a fixed portion of the income they will go on to receive with their
improved career path.
 
At the same time that the private sector is beginning to take matters into its own hands, a new report from a team of Inter-American Development Bank education
researchers, led by Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas, has shed new light on the failures of Latin American education systems to prepare students for the job market.
Entitled “Disconnected: Skills, Education and Employment in Latin America”, the report uses surveys of both students and employers across the region to understand why
and how this gap in skills is occurring.
The results are surprising. While access has increased, in two other critical areas - quality and relevance - there has been little to no progress, leaving students
unprepared for the demands of the modern workplace. The employers surveyed all pointed to the importance of what are known as “socio-emotional skills”, in contrast to
traditional cognitive skills such as literacy and basic mathematics. Socio-emotional skills relate to personality, and include punctuality, politeness, work ethics,
responsibility, empathy, and adaptability, and are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism.
 
While high costs are certainly playing a role, it is clear that addressing the skills gap in Latin America will require a multifaceted approach. As the authors of
“Disconnected” argue, schools must find ways to become more engaged with the productive economy that surrounds them, and improve their ability to instill and
evaluate the type of skills that the private sector is looking for. This effort should go beyond increasing the access and completion of secondary school. It should involve
more research, better teacher recruitment and evaluation, and incentives for developing socioemotional skills.
Companies have a strong role to play, and some of them are just not giving up. As Juan Iramain, Vice President of Public Affairs and Communications in Coca Cola’s
South Latin region, puts it, “at the Coca-Cola Company we understand that in order to catch up with the necessary level of sustainability of the globalized world, our
business should rely on the sustainability of the communities in which we operate. For some time now, therefore, we have been dealing with specialized NGOs to
strengthen the work of parents and school. The aim is not only for students to complete the school year, but also that they incorporate the curiosity and lifelong learning
capabilities needed to work in the labor market of the 21st century. We just can’t put up with a school program that cannot prepare youngsters for a better society”. 
 
But above all, as the authors Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas have argued, we must continue this dialogue between governments and the private sector so that education
reform can lead to increased opportunity and economic development across the region.
 
Available at: <http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5623>. Retrieved on: 20 May 2012. Adapted.
 
In the excerpt of the text - “are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism.” - the possessive
pronoun its refers to 
 a) workers 
 b) unpredictability 
 c) managers 
 d) dynamism 
 e) economy
 
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/136240
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Questão 243: CESGRANRIO - Tecno (IBGE)/IBGE/Estatística/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
Better Living Standards
April 16, 2013
Despite discussion to the contrary, the best available economic evidence suggests thatimmigration expands the economic opportunities andincomes of Americans and
helps reduce the budget deficit.
Recent research suggests that immigration raises wages and lowers prices for consumers throughout the economy. For American business owners, immigrants are both
new sources of customers and employees, helping to expand production using American resources and know-how in sectors ranging from farming to technology. For
American workers,the data suggest that rather than competing for identical jobs, immigrants tend to work alongside and in support of American workers, creating more
and better job opportunities.
Results from recent cutting-edge economics research on the impact of immigration on wages show small but positive effects of immigration on American wages as a
whole. The evidence becomes more mixed, though, when looking at specific groups of workers. While some studies show large negative impacts of immigration on low-
skill workers, other estimates find that immigration raises the wages of all US workers, regardless of education. As further evidence supporting the second set of findings,
one study that examines a period of rapid immigration finds that immigrants do not cause declines in wages, even among less-skilled residents.
Most studies also find that over time immigrants improve the finances of programs like Social Security and can actually help reduce the budget deficit.
 
And these are only the direct measured effects of immigration on individual wages, employment and the budget. Immigrants, particularly higher-skilled immigrants, start
more businesses and participate in scientific and other research at higher rates than native-born Americans. These other findings hint at additional potential benefits of
more immigration, including increases in innovation that could help boost overall economic growth. The high fraction of innovative Silicon Valley start-ups founded by
immigrants are an important example of this point.
 
These potential additional boosts to economic growth are not necessary to make a case for more immigration. The evidence on the direct effects of immigration — higher
wages, lower prices and net taxes — shows that immigration raises standards of living for Americans.
 
Text II
Comments from readers of Text I
1. April 17, 2013 at 7:03 p.m., Florianopolis - SC - Brasil Comment sent by U. N.
The experience of field research in LA while living in the US gave me two insights in support of the thesis defended by the researchers.
First, even poor campesinos from El Salvador can prosper in the US. They send their kids to school, learn English as a second language, start a small business or do work
shunned by Americans.
 
The question is why a poor El Salvadorean can become a valuable citizen in the US and not in his native country? The US economic and social systems are set up to
provide opportunity for immigrants to prosper. Immigration is the engine of growth and prosperity of the American economy.
 
The second argument is counter factual. Countries closed to immigration lag behind those opened to foreign skill and knowledge. Take the case of Brazil. In the 19th
century, many predicted Brazil would become a world power along with the US.
 
The US became a major world superpower and Brazil continues to be an emerging market with a sub par educational system and illiterate population. There are many
reasons and factors that could explain Brazil’s backwardness. One, however,stands out. The country is closed to immigration, even badly needed high skilled foreign
professionals in dynamic sectors of the economy.
The Brazilian economy in 2013 is stagnated with the lowest rate of labor productivity among the BRICS. Lack of qualified foreign workers + poor quality of schools are the
MAIN factor preventing Brazil to become a developed country in this century.
2. April 17, 2013 at 9:42 a.m., Dover - NJ - USA Comment sent by T. McK.
I really wish these writers would look at real jobs and real industries. However the data looks overall, certain jobs that were once routinely done by lower middle class
workers, such as gardening, waiting at table, construction labor and so on, are almost all done by immigrants, especially illegals. And part of the reason is the poor
enforcement of wage laws, and the existence of a cash economy. It may be that these jobs are now forever changed, but since we have such poor opportunities for the
working class, it seems a shame to lose a class of work that had formerly been available.
For decades now, the elites (economists and social thinkers of all sorts) have told us that globalization will bring benefits. And it has, to them. But we have lost much of
what provided a way of life for working folks, each time promising them that it will get better.
 
3. April 17, 2013 at 9:22 a.m., Dayton - Ohio - USA Comment sent by J. I.
I don’t see how the authors’ data support their case, in large part because they’ve neglected a critical issue-- precisely what kind of immigration are we talking about?
If immigration law requires that immigrants be paid a fair wage, have the right to vote and enjoy legal protections against abusive workplaces, and these are truly
enforced, then yes, it’s reasonable to expect that immigrants would indeed boost living standards for both native-born and immigrant Americans alike.
 
But if immigrants are instead brought in as lowwage replacements for American workers, not allowed the right to vote or forced to ten or more years to gain it, and
especially if employers have control over their visas and work situations, then living standards are severely damaged for both immigrants and nativeborn Americans, that
is for everyone but the 0.1% wealthiest Americans who benefit from cheap labor.
 
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/04/16/the-economics-of-immigration/expanded-immigration-improvesliving-standards>. Access on: Sept. 4th, 2013. Adapted.
 
 
U.N., who wrote Comment 1 in Text II, defends that 
 a) a country becomes a superpower when it takes up in its workforce more qualified immigrant professionals and rejects unskilled workers. 
 b) low-skilled immigrants to the US find more opportunities to prosper than they would in their countries of origin. 
 c) Brazil is still an emerging country because it has closed its doors to immigration of unskilled workers from South American countries. 
 d) Brazil offers its immigrant population appropriate educational conditions to become valuable citizens. 
 e) Brazil’s illiterate population and El Salvador’s immigrants to the US have no opportunity to prosper and help the countries’ economic growth.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/297103
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Questão 244: CESGRANRIO - Tec Adm (BNDES)/BNDES/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Better Education Quality Needed
Formal education and skills aren’t connecting in Latin America.
 
By Gabriel Sanchez Zinny
 
Education advocates in Latin America have long pushed for expanded access for all students. Indeed, access has improved, with secondary school completion rates
climbing from 30 to 50 percent over the past two decades. However, there is a growing realization that greater access alone will do little good without higher quality.
Business leaders, in particular, have argued that there is a profound disconnect between what schools are teaching and what is actually required for a worker to succeed
in a globalized, innovation-driven, and knowledge-based modern economy. “There are very talented people in the region. All they need is a chance to develop,” says
Felipe Vergara, co-founder of Lumni, a company that invests in students’ education in exchange for a fixed portion of the income they will go on to receive with their
improved career path.
 
At the same time that the private sector is beginning to take matters into its own hands, a new report from a team of Inter-American Development Bank education
researchers, led by Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas, has shed new light on the failures of Latin American education systems to prepare students for the job market.
Entitled “Disconnected: Skills, Education and Employment in Latin America”, the report uses surveys of both students and employers across the region to understand why
and how this gap in skills is occurring.
The results are surprising. While access has increased, in two other critical areas - quality and relevance - there has been little to no progress, leaving students
unprepared for the demands of the modern workplace. The employers surveyed all pointed to the importance of what are known as “socio-emotional skills”, in contrast to
traditional cognitive skills such as literacy and basic mathematics. Socio-emotional skills relate to personality, and include punctuality, politeness, work ethics,
responsibility, empathy, and adaptability, and are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism.
 
While high costs are certainly playing a role, it is clear that addressing the skills gap in Latin America will require a multifaceted approach. As the authors of
“Disconnected” argue, schools must find ways to become more engaged with the productive economy that surrounds them, and improve their ability to instill and
evaluate the type of skills that the private sector is looking for. This effort should go beyond increasing the access and completion of secondary school. It should involve
more research, better teacher recruitment and evaluation, and incentives for developing socioemotional skills.
Companies have a strong role to play, and some of them are just not giving up. As Juan Iramain, Vice President of Public Affairs and Communications in Coca Cola’s
South Latin region, puts it, “at the Coca-Cola Company we understand that in order to catch up with the necessary level of sustainability of the globalized world, our
business should rely on the sustainability of the communities in which we operate. For some time now, therefore, we have been dealing with specialized NGOs to
strengthen the work of parents and school. The aim is not only for students to complete the school year, but also that they incorporate the curiosity and lifelong learning
capabilities needed to work in the labor market of the 21st century. We just can’t put up with a school program that cannot prepare youngsters for a better society”. 
 
But above all, as the authors Marina Bassi and Jaime Vargas have argued, we must continue this dialogue between governments and the private sector so that education
reform can lead to increased opportunity and economic development across the region.
 
Available at: <http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=5623>. Retrieved on: 20 May 2012. Adapted.
 
According to the text, the ultimate solution to better education proposed by the authors of the “Disconnected” Report is to 
 a) wait for better economic development. 
 b) extinguish with the education reform. 
 c) increase opportunities for economic development. 
 d) challenge young managers across the region. 
 e) reinforce the interface between business managers and members of the government.
 
 
 
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/136246Questão 245: CESGRANRIO - PB (BNDES)/BNDES/Psicologia/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Coworking: Sharing How We Work
 
Genevieve DeGuzman
Communication
 
In the past, when trying to find places to work, independent workers, small businesses, and organizations often had to choose between several scenarios, all with their
attendant advantages and disadvantages: working from home; working from a coffee shop, library, or other public venue; or leasing an executive suite or other
commercial space.
 
Is there a better way to work? Yes. Enter coworking.
 
Coworking takes freelancers, indie workers, and entrepreneurs who feel that they have been dormant or isolated working alone at home or who have been migrating
from a coffee shop to a friend’s garage or languishing in a sterile business center — to a space where they can truly roost. 
 
“We can come out of hiding,” a coworker tells us, “and be in a space that’s comfortable, friendly, and has an aesthetic appeal that’s a far cry from the typical cookie-
cutter office environment.”
 
For many, it might be puzzling to pay for a wellequipped space teeming with other people, even with the chance of free coffee and inspiration. You might ask yourself,
“Well, why pay for a place to work when I’m perfectly comfortable at home and paying nothing?” Or, “Isn’t the whole point of telecommuting or starting my own business
a chance to avoid ‘going to the office’?” 
 
Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense, but let’s consider what you get from being a part of the space.
 
At its most basic level, coworking is the phenomenon of workers coming together in a shared or collaborative workspace for one or more of these reasons: to reduce
costs by having shared facilities and equipment, to access a community of fellow entrepreneurs, and to seek out collaboration within and across fields. Coworking spaces
offer an exciting alternative for people longing to escape the confines of their cubicle walls, the isolation of working solo at home, or the inconveniences of public venues. 
 
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The benefits and cost-savings in productivity and overall happiness and well-being reaped from coworking are also potentially huge. Enthusiasm and creativity become
contagious and multiply when you diversify your work environment with people from different fields or backgrounds. At coworking spaces, members pass each other
during the day, conversations get going, and miraculously idea-fusion happens with everyone benefitting from the shared thinking and brainstorming. 
 
Differences matter. Coworking hinges on the belief that innovation and inspiration come from the cross-pollination of different people in different fields or specializations.
Random opportunities and discoveries that arise from interactions with others play a large role in coworking.
 
To see this in action on a large scale, think about Google. Google made the culture of sharing and collaboration in the workplace legend. It deployed “grouplets” for
initiatives that cover broader changes through the organization.
 
One remarkable story of a successful Google grouplet involved getting engineers to write their own testing code to reduce the incidence of bugs in software code.
Thinking creatively, the grouplet came up with a campaign based on posting episodes discussing new and interesting testing techniques on the bathroom stalls. “Testing
on the Toilet” spread fast and garnered both rants and raves. Soon, people were hungry for more, and the campaign ultimately developed enough inertia to become a de
facto part of the coding culture. They moved out of the restrooms and into the mainstream.
 
Keith Sawyer, a professor of psychology and education at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, has written widely on collaboration and innovation. In his study of jazz
performances, Keith Sawyer made this observation, “The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” Some of the most famous products were born out of this
mosh pit of interaction — in contrast to the romantic idea of a lone working genius driving change. According to Sawyer, more often than not, true innovation emerges
from an improvised process and draws from trial-by-error and many inputs. 
 
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If increasing interaction among different peer groups within a single company could lead to promising results,
imagine the possibilities for solopreneurs, small businesses, and indie workers — if only they could reach similar levels of peer access as those experienced by their bigger
counterparts. It is this potential that coworking tries to capture for its members. 
 
Available at: <http://workawesome.com/productivity/coworking/>. Retrieved on: 21 Oct. 2011. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to 
 a) convince people in different fields or specializations that they must work in pairs. 
 b) suggest that coworking is an economic and socially stimulating alternative to boost workers’ well-being and productivity. 
 c) question the relevance of teeming with other coworkers if the professional can work peacefully from home. 
 d) criticize organizations that do not offer their employees the opportunity to experience group dynamics. 
 e) campaign for the installation of comfortable coworking spaces in all companies to encourage employees’creativity and enthusiasm.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/135958
Questão 246: CESGRANRIO - Tec (BR)/BR/Suprimento e Logística Júnior/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Migration 
Why and how do animals migrate?
 
From Kids Discover Magazine
 
Most birds and other animals migrate for three basic reasons. First, animals must look for food, and maybe they may have depleted the resources in a particular area
where they are. Or they may be trying to keep up with the changing patterns of available vegetation. This is what the zebras in Serengeti Forest in Africa do each year.
They follow rainfall patterns in order to find ample and fresh vegetation.
 
Second, animals may migrate to escape extreme seasonal temperatures. For example, many birds fly south to warmer climates, for the winter, while others travel to get
special seasonal shelters. Little brown bats fly 200 to 800 km from their outdoor home to their winter caves that provide a safe place for them to hibernate during the
cold months.
 
Third, animals migrate to get to their breeding ground. Salmon, for instance, swim from the ocean to the exact area of the river where they were born. Then, they
reproduce in this area before they die.
 
Now, in terms of how they migrate, if we are talking about day animals, they keep visual landmarks in their minds to help them move from one place to another. With the
elephants, for instance, the oldest female memorizes the position of rivers, mountain ranges and other fixed spots, in order to take the members of the herd to food and
fresh water. Flying animals such as birds and insects may use the position of the sun to guide them as a compass. If they are night animals, their specialized nocturnal
vision allows them to see the shades of the trees in the dark. But to migrate at night in the forest, night animals’ preferred method is by guiding themselves by observing
the position of the stars, just like exploring navigators used to do in the XV century.
 
Available at: <http://www.kidsdiscover.com/blog/spotlight/animalmigrations- for-kids/> Retrieved on: nov. 20, 2012. Adapted.
In the text, the first reason given for an animal to migrate is its 
 a) desire for a particular area. 
 b) search for food. 
 c) need to get protection from the rain. 
 d) necessity to deplete the resources. 
 e) urge to follow other animals.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/224152
Questão 247: CESGRANRIO- Tec (BR)/BR/Suprimento e Logística Júnior/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Migration 
Why and how do animals migrate?
 
From Kids Discover Magazine
 
Most birds and other animals migrate for three basic reasons. First, animals must look for food, and maybe they may have depleted the resources in a particular area
where they are. Or they may be trying to keep up with the changing patterns of available vegetation. This is what the zebras in Serengeti Forest in Africa do each year.
They follow rainfall patterns in order to find ample and fresh vegetation.
 
Second, animals may migrate to escape extreme seasonal temperatures. For example, many birds fly south to warmer climates, for the winter, while others travel to get
special seasonal shelters. Little brown bats fly 200 to 800 km from their outdoor home to their winter caves that provide a safe place for them to hibernate during the
cold months.
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Third, animals migrate to get to their breeding ground. Salmon, for instance, swim from the ocean to the exact area of the river where they were born. Then, they
reproduce in this area before they die.
 
Now, in terms of how they migrate, if we are talking about day animals, they keep visual landmarks in their minds to help them move from one place to another. With the
elephants, for instance, the oldest female memorizes the position of rivers, mountain ranges and other fixed spots, in order to take the members of the herd to food and
fresh water. Flying animals such as birds and insects may use the position of the sun to guide them as a compass. If they are night animals, their specialized nocturnal
vision allows them to see the shades of the trees in the dark. But to migrate at night in the forest, night animals’ preferred method is by guiding themselves by observing
the position of the stars, just like exploring navigators used to do in the XV century.
 
Available at: <http://www.kidsdiscover.com/blog/spotlight/animalmigrations- for-kids/> Retrieved on: nov. 20, 2012. Adapted.
 
In the text, the third reason given for an animal to migrate is to 
 a) reproduce. 
 b) swim. 
 c) die. 
 d) be born. 
 e) escape.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/224154
Questão 248: CESGRANRIO - Tec (BR)/BR/Suprimento e Logística Júnior/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Migration 
Why and how do animals migrate?
 
From Kids Discover Magazine
 
Most birds and other animals migrate for three basic reasons. First, animals must look for food, and maybe they may have depleted the resources in a particular area
where they are. Or they may be trying to keep up with the changing patterns of available vegetation. This is what the zebras in Serengeti Forest in Africa do each year.
They follow rainfall patterns in order to find ample and fresh vegetation.
 
Second, animals may migrate to escape extreme seasonal temperatures. For example, many birds fly south to warmer climates, for the winter, while others travel to get
special seasonal shelters. Little brown bats fly 200 to 800 km from their outdoor home to their winter caves that provide a safe place for them to hibernate during the
cold months.
 
Third, animals migrate to get to their breeding ground. Salmon, for instance, swim from the ocean to the exact area of the river where they were born. Then, they
reproduce in this area before they die.
 
Now, in terms of how they migrate, if we are talking about day animals, they keep visual landmarks in their minds to help them move from one place to another. With the
elephants, for instance, the oldest female memorizes the position of rivers, mountain ranges and other fixed spots, in order to take the members of the herd to food and
fresh water. Flying animals such as birds and insects may use the position of the sun to guide them as a compass. If they are night animals, their specialized nocturnal
vision allows them to see the shades of the trees in the dark. But to migrate at night in the forest, night animals’ preferred method is by guiding themselves by observing
the position of the stars, just like exploring navigators used to do in the XV century.
 
Available at: <http://www.kidsdiscover.com/blog/spotlight/animalmigrations- for-kids/> Retrieved on: nov. 20, 2012. Adapted.
 
Concerning night animals in the forest, according to the text, their main migration method is by 
 a) opening their eyes. 
 b) navigating from one place to another. 
 c) exploring the shades of the trees. 
 d) looking at the position of the stars in the sky. 
 e) looking at the shades of mountain ranges and other fixed spots.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/224156
Questão 249: CESGRANRIO - PB (BNDES)/BNDES/Psicologia/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Coworking: Sharing How We Work
 
Genevieve DeGuzman
Communication
 
In the past, when trying to find places to work, independent workers, small businesses, and organizations often had to choose between several scenarios, all with their
attendant advantages and disadvantages: working from home; working from a coffee shop, library, or other public venue; or leasing an executive suite or other
commercial space.
 
Is there a better way to work? Yes. Enter coworking.
 
Coworking takes freelancers, indie workers, and entrepreneurs who feel that they have been dormant or isolated working alone at home or who have been migrating
from a coffee shop to a friend’s garage or languishing in a sterile business center — to a space where they can truly roost. 
 
“We can come out of hiding,” a coworker tells us, “and be in a space that’s comfortable, friendly, and has an aesthetic appeal that’s a far cry from the typical cookie-
cutter office environment.”
 
For many, it might be puzzling to pay for a wellequipped space teeming with other people, even with the chance of free coffee and inspiration. You might ask yourself,
“Well, why pay for a place to work when I’m perfectly comfortable at home and paying nothing?” Or, “Isn’t the whole point of telecommuting or starting my own business
a chance to avoid ‘going to the office’?” 
 
Coworking may sound like an unnecessary expense, but let’s consider what you get from being a part of the space.
 
At its most basic level, coworking is the phenomenon of workers coming together in a shared or collaborative workspace for one or more of these reasons: to reduce
costs by having shared facilities and equipment, to access a community of fellow entrepreneurs, and to seek out collaboration within and across fields. Coworking spaces
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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offer an exciting alternative for people longing to escape the confines of their cubicle walls, the isolation of working solo at home, or the inconveniences of public venues. 
 
The benefits and cost-savings in productivity and overall happiness and well-being reaped from coworking are also potentially huge. Enthusiasm and creativity become
contagious and multiply when you diversify your work environment with people from different fields or backgrounds. At coworking spaces, members pass each other
during the day, conversations get going, and miraculously idea-fusion happens with everyone benefitting from the shared thinking and brainstorming. 
 
Differences matter. Coworking hinges on the belief that innovation and inspiration come from the cross-pollination of different people in different fields or specializations.
Random opportunities and discoveries that arise from interactions with others play a large role in coworking.
 
To see this in action on a large scale, think about Google. Google made the culture of sharing and collaboration in the workplacelegend. It deployed “grouplets” for
initiatives that cover broader changes through the organization.
 
One remarkable story of a successful Google grouplet involved getting engineers to write their own testing code to reduce the incidence of bugs in software code.
Thinking creatively, the grouplet came up with a campaign based on posting episodes discussing new and interesting testing techniques on the bathroom stalls. “Testing
on the Toilet” spread fast and garnered both rants and raves. Soon, people were hungry for more, and the campaign ultimately developed enough inertia to become a de
facto part of the coding culture. They moved out of the restrooms and into the mainstream.
 
Keith Sawyer, a professor of psychology and education at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, has written widely on collaboration and innovation. In his study of jazz
performances, Keith Sawyer made this observation, “The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” Some of the most famous products were born out of this
mosh pit of interaction — in contrast to the romantic idea of a lone working genius driving change. According to Sawyer, more often than not, true innovation emerges
from an improvised process and draws from trial-by-error and many inputs. 
 
Unexpected insights emerge from the group dynamic. If increasing interaction among different peer groups within a single company could lead to promising results,
imagine the possibilities for solopreneurs, small businesses, and indie workers — if only they could reach similar levels of peer access as those experienced by their bigger
counterparts. It is this potential that coworking tries to capture for its members. 
 
Available at: <http://workawesome.com/productivity/coworking/>. Retrieved on: 21 Oct. 2011. Adapted.
 
Professor Keith Sawyer mentions that “The group has the ideas, not the individual musicians.” to mean that 
 a) the dispute among consumers is the key to profitable product-design changes. 
 b) the famous products result from professionals working individually to achieve the aims of the group. 
 c) improvisation and trial-and-error always leads to the best solutions for the market place. 
 d) good jazz performances are made up of individual musicians who strive to play their instruments far louder than the others. 
 e) it is the whole orchestra that makes the music sound pleasant just as it is the whole professional team that will achieve a successful solution.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/135965
Questão 250: CESGRANRIO - Tecno (IBGE)/IBGE/Estatística/2013
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
Better Living Standards
April 16, 2013
Despite discussion to the contrary, the best available economic evidence suggests thatimmigration expands the economic opportunities andincomes of Americans and
helps reduce the budget deficit.
Recent research suggests that immigration raises wages and lowers prices for consumers throughout the economy. For American business owners, immigrants are both
new sources of customers and employees, helping to expand production using American resources and know-how in sectors ranging from farming to technology. For
American workers,the data suggest that rather than competing for identical jobs, immigrants tend to work alongside and in support of American workers, creating more
and better job opportunities.
Results from recent cutting-edge economics research on the impact of immigration on wages show small but positive effects of immigration on American wages as a
whole. The evidence becomes more mixed, though, when looking at specific groups of workers. While some studies show large negative impacts of immigration on low-
skill workers, other estimates find that immigration raises the wages of all US workers, regardless of education. As further evidence supporting the second set of findings,
one study that examines a period of rapid immigration finds that immigrants do not cause declines in wages, even among less-skilled residents.
Most studies also find that over time immigrants improve the finances of programs like Social Security and can actually help reduce the budget deficit.
 
And these are only the direct measured effects of immigration on individual wages, employment and the budget. Immigrants, particularly higher-skilled immigrants, start
more businesses and participate in scientific and other research at higher rates than native-born Americans. These other findings hint at additional potential benefits of
more immigration, including increases in innovation that could help boost overall economic growth. The high fraction of innovative Silicon Valley start-ups founded by
immigrants are an important example of this point.
 
These potential additional boosts to economic growth are not necessary to make a case for more immigration. The evidence on the direct effects of immigration — higher
wages, lower prices and net taxes — shows that immigration raises standards of living for Americans.
 
Text II
Comments from readers of Text I
1. April 17, 2013 at 7:03 p.m., Florianopolis - SC - Brasil Comment sent by U. N.
The experience of field research in LA while living in the US gave me two insights in support of the thesis defended by the researchers.
First, even poor campesinos from El Salvador can prosper in the US. They send their kids to school, learn English as a second language, start a small business or do work
shunned by Americans.
 
The question is why a poor El Salvadorean can become a valuable citizen in the US and not in his native country? The US economic and social systems are set up to
provide opportunity for immigrants to prosper. Immigration is the engine of growth and prosperity of the American economy.
 
The second argument is counter factual. Countries closed to immigration lag behind those opened to foreign skill and knowledge. Take the case of Brazil. In the 19th
century, many predicted Brazil would become a world power along with the US.
 
The US became a major world superpower and Brazil continues to be an emerging market with a sub par educational system and illiterate population. There are many
reasons and factors that could explain Brazil’s backwardness. One, however, stands out. The country is closed to immigration, even badly needed high skilled foreign
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professionals in dynamic sectors of the economy.
The Brazilian economy in 2013 is stagnated with the lowest rate of labor productivity among the BRICS. Lack of qualified foreign workers + poor quality of schools are the
MAIN factor preventing Brazil to become a developed country in this century.
2. April 17, 2013 at 9:42 a.m., Dover - NJ - USA Comment sent by T. McK.
I really wish these writers would look at real jobs and real industries. However the data looks overall, certain jobs that were once routinely done by lower middle class
workers, such as gardening, waiting at table, construction labor and so on, are almost all done by immigrants, especially illegals. And part of the reason is the poor
enforcement of wage laws, and the existence of a cash economy. It may be that these jobs are now forever changed, but since we have such poor opportunities for the
working class, it seems a shame to lose a class of work that had formerly been available.
For decades now, the elites (economists and social thinkers of all sorts) have told us that globalization will bring benefits. And it has, to them. But we have lost much of
what provided a way of life for working folks, each time promising them that it will get better.
 
3. April 17, 2013 at 9:22 a.m., Dayton - Ohio - USA Comment sent by J. I.
I don’t see how the authors’ data support their case, in large part because they’ve neglected a critical issue-- precisely what kind of immigration are we talking about?
If immigration law requires thatimmigrants be paid a fair wage, have the right to vote and enjoy legal protections against abusive workplaces, and these are truly
enforced, then yes, it’s reasonable to expect that immigrants would indeed boost living standards for both native-born and immigrant Americans alike.
 
But if immigrants are instead brought in as lowwage replacements for American workers, not allowed the right to vote or forced to ten or more years to gain it, and
especially if employers have control over their visas and work situations, then living standards are severely damaged for both immigrants and nativeborn Americans, that
is for everyone but the 0.1% wealthiest Americans who benefit from cheap labor.
 
Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/04/16/the-economics-of-immigration/expanded-immigration-improvesliving-standards>. Access on: Sept. 4th, 2013. Adapted.
 
 
When relating the ideas in Text I with those in Text II, one concludes that the 
 a) author of Comment 1, U.N., has a view that is contrary to that manifested by the author of Text I in terms of a country’s economic standards. 
 b) author of Comment 2, T. McK, supports the argument on the relation between economic growth and foreign workforce exposed in Text I. 
 c) author of Comment 1, U.N., and the author of Comment 3, J.I., side with the author of Text I about immigration and economic development. 
 d) authors of Comments 2 and 3, T. McK and J.I., respectively, oppose the view on the relation between economic development and rates of immigration expressed
in Text I. 
 e) three commentators agree with the perspective on the importance of immigration defended by the author of Text I.
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/297104
Questão 251: CESGRANRIO - Tec (BR)/BR/Suprimento e Logística Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Unhappy at Work? These Simple Tricks
Can Turn Your Negative Thoughts into Positive Ones
 
Kathy Murdock
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
Unhappy at work? Then you aren’t alone. The annual Conference Board job satisfaction survey shows that more than half of all Americans (a whopping 52 percent!) are
dissatisfied with their jobs. It’s not necessarily the work that is making us unhappy, though; sometimes, it is how we decide to look at and deal with our tasks that cause
us stress on the job.
As we know, pessimism is never a good trait, and boredom makes us do things we would never think of doing. And anxiety? If you spend most of your time worrying
about what has to be done or how you did something that has already been completed, you’ll never be able to completely move forward to the next task.
Mental frustrations aren’t the only things that give us pause at the office. Sitting too long in an office chair, never seeing sunlight from 9-5, becoming sedentary day after
day, and eating poorly on the job can all take their negative toll.
Brant Secunda and Mark Allen, authors of the book Fit Soul, Fit Body, offer today’s working mothers (and fathers) tips for feeling better while at the workplace.
Get Up!
If you sit in your office chair from 9-5 you’ll reduce the amount of lipoprotein lipase, a fat-burning enzyme, by 94 percent. Standing for 30 minutes each day will get this
enzyme going. The authors suggest rising from that ergonomic chair to answer the phone, consult with a coworker, or read the latest article.
Embrace the Power of Repetition
Ever wonder how a top athlete can practice the same skill day after day, or how someone can force her body (and mind) to run 26.2 miles? Much of this willpower and
stamina comes from the mind. To continually do the same thing over and over, the person doing the task needs to think positive and, the authors say, embrace the
power of repetition.
Look toward what it is you are accomplishing, the ultimate goal, and not at the small steps it takes to get you there.
 
Stop Procrastinating for A Small 5 Minutes
Oftentimes if I am dreading a big project, I will find other things to do to occupy my time while I get up my strength to work on it. The authors say that committing to
working on the project for five minutes is all you need, because once you start you will probably find it is not that bad after all. Even if it is that bad, you are doing it, and
it will be easier to complete if you have been chipping away at it for five minutes a day. Besides, once we do get started we usually stick to it because we want to see it
through. So, suck it up and jump in there, even if it is only for a short period of time.
Weightlifting for the Soul
Oftentimes you might find yourself thinking negative thoughts about the workplace. You don’t want to do a certain project because it is too hard or time-consuming; you
don’t want to have to partner up with a certain person because they don’t share the weight on projects; you are unhappy with the way the boss handles issues around
the workplace.
Instead of practicing negative thoughts, learn to weight lift for the soul, which the authors say is “giving up negative thoughts that weigh you down.” How do you do this?
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“The next time a negative thought comes into your mind,” write the authors, “force yourself to restate it to yourself in a positive way.” For instance, if you are thinking
something is too hard, look at it as though you have what it takes to get the job done. If you find yourself considering a particular task a waste of your time, instead think
about what it is you can learn from doing that task.
Available at: <http://www.allbusiness.com/population
-demographics/ demographic-groups-working-mothers/15479561-1.html>. Retrieved on: 7 Apr. 2011.
 
“Weightlifting for the Soul” implies 
 a) forcing yourself to combat positive thinking. 
 b) considering a professional task a waste of time. 
 c) abandoning negative thoughts that make you feel down. 
 d) working with a partner who does not share your ideas. 
 e) thinking about how much of your time a task will consume.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349137
Questão 252: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Has Higgs been really discovered?
by Scientific American
Top physicists have recently reached a frenzy over the announcement that the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva is planning to release what is widely expected to be
tantalizing - although no conclusive - evidence for the existence of the Higgs boson, the elementary particle hypothesized to be the origin of the mass of all matter.
Many physicists have already swung into action, swapping rumors about the contents of the announcement and proposing grand ideas about what those rumors would
mean, if true. “It’s impossible to be excited enough,” says Gordon Kane, a theoretical physicist at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.
 
The spokespeople of the collaborations using the cathedral-size ATLAS and CMS detectors(a) to search for the Higgs boson and other phenomena(b) at the 27-kilometer-
circumference proton accelerator of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are scheduled to present updates based on analyses of the data collected to date(c). “There won’t be
a discovery announcement, but it does promise to be interesting(d), since there are rumors that scientists have seen hints of the elusive Higgs boson(e)” says James
Gillies, spokesperson for CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), which hosts the LHC.
Joe Lykken, a theoretical physicist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill, and a member of the CMS collaboration, says: “Whatever happens eventually
with the Higgs, I think we’ll look back on this meeting and say. ‘This was the beginning of something.’” (As a CMS member, Lykken says he is not yet sure himself what
results ATLAS wouldunveil; he is bound by his collaboration’s rules not to reveal what CMS has in hand.)
Available at: <http://news.cnet.com/8301-11386_3-57341543-76/has-higgs-been-discovered-rumors--of-watershed-news-build/?tag=mncol;topStories>. Retrieved on: 11 Dec. 2011. Adapted.
 
The following fragment of Text is NOT completed correctly in 
 a) “using the cathedral-size ATLAS and CMS detectors,”– has as its subject “the spokespeople of the collaboration”. 
 b) “and other phenomena”– has a word whose plural form is phenomenon. 
 c) “based on analyses of the data collected to date.”– means the analyses collected up to that time. 
 d) “it does promise to be interesting”– hasan auxiliary verb used for emphasis. 
 e) “have seen hints of the elusive Higgs boson”– has words whose synonyms are respectively cues and obscure
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291937
Questão 253: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração, ou em Economia, ou em Engenharia, ou em Marketing/Vendas a Rede
Automotiva/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?
 
By Heather Huhman
There’s a debate going on among career experts about which is more important: skillset or mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many positions, does having
the right ones guarantee you’ll get the job?
What if you have the mindset to get the work accomplished, but currently lack certain skills requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith, CEO of Smarterer, and
Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love, recently sat down with U.S. News to
sound off on this issue.
Heather: What is more important to today’s employers: skillset or mindset? Why?
Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come first. The employer absolutely must find people who have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being hired to do.
Programmers have to know how to program. Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and software.
Social media managers must know the tools of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic, personality,
etc.
Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment, many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey cited in the Wall
Street Journal, over 50 percent of companies reported difficulty finding applicants with the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean in this economy – they don’t
have the time to train for those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this question: If you were hiring someone today, which would you pick, B) the
person with the perfect skills and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or A) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick
A. Add to this that 97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than the other way around.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Heather: How do you define skillset?
Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals are rapidly
accumulating these skills, and the tools themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving people a simple, smart way for people to validate their skillset and
articulate it to the world.
Heather: How do you define mindset?
Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the skillset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers can showcase the skills they have by incorporating them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout their professional
and personal brand materials. They should be articulating their skills in their resume, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere they express their
professional identity.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the mindset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies we did, which was conducted by an independent statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes, when you look at
who gets the job and who does not:
A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs or including hobbies/interests actually made any difference.
B. The only factor that made the difference was that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume, in a specific
way, were three times as likely to get the job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of these statements, were seven times more likely to get the job, often over
other more qualified candidates.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices- -
careers/2011/08/26/skillset-vs-mindset-which-will-get-you-the-job>. Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.
 
According to Jennifer Fremont-Smith, 
 a) today’s employers intend to invest large sums of money training new employees. 
 b) most employees nowadays are indifferent to the use of digital, social and technical tools in the workplace. 
 c) candidates should be able to display and present their skills in different formats that will be seen by prospective employers. 
 d) many employers consider it unnecessary to learn about the job seekers’ attitudes, integrity and personality. 
 e) no company nowadays can find employees with the hard skills required by the job market.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349256
Questão 254: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still
 
Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz
 
Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary. A news investigation produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers at Westchester
County Airport sleeping during their shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester Airport, also shows
controllers reading and using laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) bans its controllers from use of cell phones, personal
reading material and electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited anywhere in air traffic control towers.
All of these violations are alarming and dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem. It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers
sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working. The video images showing air traffic controllers
slumped over and sleeping at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a very real one, and means that some
instances of falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their control.
Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling asleep on duty in recent months.
In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011 revised its regulationsfor air traffic controllers to include additional time for rest between shifts. The FAA:
Raised the minimum amount of time off between work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between shifts
Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control towers during late night and early morning shifts
Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an overnight shift after a day off
These adjustments are a step in the right direction, but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where public safety is
at stake is too important to settle for improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.
Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between day and
night. Research shows that:
People who engage in shift work get less sleep overall than those of us who work more regular hours
Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and chronic disease
The sleep deprivation associated with shift work increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes in high-profile, public-safety related industries like medicine
and law enforcement, as well as air traffic control
In addition to making people more prone to accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a number of negative effects—both physical and 
psychological—that can impair the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers and other shift workers. Sleep deprivation:
Slows reaction time
Interferes with memory
Causes fatigue
Compromises judgment
Impairs the ability to retain new information
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I think we can all agree that we don’t want the people responsible for guiding our planes to be sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of questionable judgment.
But that’s exactly what being sleep deprived can make them!
It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the rest they need. This can include not just mandating reasonable time
off between shifts, but also giving controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic things that the controllers
themselves—or any shift workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins. Take a nap before work, if need be.
Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep. And caffeine
can interfere with your sleep when you actually want and need to be sleepy.
Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both during your workdays and your days off. It’s not always easy, but shift workers in particular need to build their off-
duty schedules around making sure they get the sleep they need.
Similarly to the recent changes in health care, the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs safely. As this latest
incident at Westchester Airport confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done. And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that progress continues to be
made.
Sweet Dreams,
Michael J. Breus, PhD 
The Sleep Doctor™ 
www.thesleepdoctor.com
Available at: <http://www.theinsomniablog.com/the_insomnia_ blog/2012/03/
air-traffic-controllers-asleep-on- -the-jobstill.html> Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
In the fragment of Text: “It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones
when they are supposed to be working” (lines 6-7), Dr. Michael Breus implies that 
 a) falling asleep during the work shift is a far more serious violation of FAA policies because this is a behavior controllers cannot always be blamed for. 
 b) using laptops and cell phones in night shifts is a totally inoffensive behavior of air traffic controllers. 
 c) using electronic distractors at work during work shifts should not be punished when controllers are fighting off sleep. 
 d) playing with technological gadgets continuously at their working stations is justified if air traffic controllers are trying to avoid sleep. 
 e) applying penalties to air traffic controllers who sleep and use electronic devices while on duty is highly recommended.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/199182
Questão 255: CESGRANRIO - Qui Pet (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Safety Meeting Presentation
Today’s meeting is really about you. I can stand in front of you and talk about working safely and what procedures to follow until I’m blue in the face. But until you
understand the need for working safely, until you are willing to be responsible for your safety, it doesn’t mean a whole lot.
Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The sole purpose of this agency is to keep American workers safe. Complying
with OSHA regulations isn’t always easy, but if we work together, we can do it. Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason for working safely. Our real motive
is simple. We care about each and every one of you and will do what is necessary to prevent you from being injured.
However, keeping our workplace safe takes input from everyone. Management, supervisor, and all of you have to come together on this issue, or we’re in trouble. For
example, upper management has to approve the purchase of safe equipment. Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that each of you knows how to use that
equipment safely. Then it’s up to you to follow through the task and use the equipment as you were trained. If any one part of this chain fails, accidents are going to
happen and people are going to get hurt.
Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards
At the core of your safety responsibilities lies the task of recognizing safety and health hazards. In order to do that, you must first understand what constitutes a hazard.
Extreme hazards are often obvious. Our hopes are that you won’t find too many of those around here.
There are, however, more subtle hazards that won’t jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety training and meetings like these, some things may come to mind.
For example, a machine may not be easy to lock out. Common practice may be to use a tag. This is a potential hazard and should be discussed. Maybe something can be
changed to make it easier to use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things as frayed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a cluttered aisle, or maybe something
that just doesn’t look right.
Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards
A big part of recognizing hazards is using your instincts. Nobody knows your job as well as you do, so we’re counting on you to let us know about possible problems.
Beyond recognizing hazards, you have to correct them or report them to someone who can. This too, is a judgement call. For example, if something spills in your work
area you can probably clean it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled chemical container and you have no idea what it is, you should report it to your supervisor.
 
Additional Employee Responsibilities
Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping your work area safe. For example, you should take a few minutes each day to ensure that aisles, hallways, and stairways in
your work area are not obstructed. If boxes, equipment, or anything else is left to pile up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands. Those obstructions could keep you
from exiting the building quickly and safely should you face an emergency situation.
Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slipsand falls. Flammable materials are another thing to be aware of. Make sure they are disposed of properly.
Keep Thinking. Even if you’re doing your job safely and you are avoiding hazards, there are often even better ways to work safely. If you have ideas for improving the
safety of your job or that of co-workers, share them.
Concluding Remarks
While nothing we do can completely eliminate the threat of an incident, we can work together to improve our odds. As I said, this must be a real team effort and I’m
counting on input from all of you. Let’s keep communicating and continue to improve safety.
Available at: <http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/training/ meeting/emplores.html>. Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to 
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 a) blame supervisors and managers who cannot use equipment safely in the office. 
 b) inform employees that the use of instincts is all it takes to prevent dangers at work. 
 c) present OSHA to American workers who had never heard about this organization. 
 d) argue that the acquisition of modern and safer equipment can prevent all job accidents. 
 e) encourage the cooperation of all employees so as to prevent dangers in the workplace.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/352340
Questão 256: CESGRANRIO - Psico (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
How To Start A Career In The Oil And Gas Industry:
What Employers Say
 
By Katie Weir
From Talent Acquisition Specialist, Campus
Talisman Energy
How to start your career, step by step
Fix up your resumé – take it to your career centre at your university and they’ll help you.
Write a compelling cover letter that speaks to your best qualities – save the pretentious language for your English papers.
Join a professional association and attend their events – if you feel uncomfortable attending alone, try volunteering at them. By having a job to do, it gives you an
excuse to interact with the attendees, and an easy way to start up a conversation the next time you see them.
Do your research – I can’t stress this enough. I want students to apply to Talisman, not because we have open jobs, but because they actually have an interest in what
we’re doing, and want to be a part of it.
Be confident, but stay humble – it’s important to communicate your abilities effectively, but it’s also important to be conscious of the phrase: “sense of entitlement.”
This generation entering the workforce has already been branded with the word “entitlement,” so students will need to fight against this bias from the very beginning of
any relationship with people in the industry – be aware that you will need to roll up your sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and you will be rewarded in the
end.
Retrieved and adapted from URL: <http://talentegg.ca/incubator/2010/11/29/how-to-start-a-career-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry -what-employers-say/>. Acess on: February 14, 2012.
 
 
The fragment that closes Text, “be aware that you will need to roll up your sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and you will be rewarded in the end.”, implies
that one must 
 a) make an effort to commit totally to one’s job in the initial phase, in order to reach success in the future. 
 b) wear formal clothes to work so that, as years go by, a couple of top-rank officers can recognize one’s worth. 
 c) accept jobs with severe routines only in order to obtain early promotions. 
 d) avoid postponing assigned tasks and wearing inappropriate clothes in the working environment. 
 e) show commitment to the working routine and demand the rewards frequently offered to senior employees.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/220765
Questão 257: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração, ou em Economia, ou em Engenharia, ou em Marketing/Vendas a Rede
Automotiva/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?
 
By Heather Huhman
There’s a debate going on among career experts about which is more important: skillset or mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many positions, does having
the right ones guarantee you’ll get the job?
What if you have the mindset to get the work accomplished, but currently lack certain skills requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith, CEO of Smarterer, and
Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love, recently sat down with U.S. News to
sound off on this issue.
Heather: What is more important to today’s employers: skillset or mindset? Why?
Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come first. The employer absolutely must find people who have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being hired to do.
Programmers have to know how to program. Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and software.
Social media managers must know the tools of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic, personality,
etc.
Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment, many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey cited in the Wall
Street Journal, over 50 percent of companies reported difficulty finding applicants with the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean in this economy – they don’t
have the time to train for those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this question: If you were hiring someone today, which would you pick, B) the
person with the perfect skills and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or A) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick
A. Add to this that 97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than the other way around.
Heather: How do you define skillset?
Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals are rapidly
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accumulating these skills, and the tools themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving people a simple, smart way for people to validate their skillset and
articulate it to the world.
Heather: How do you define mindset?
Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the skillset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers can showcase the skills they have by incorporating them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout their professional
and personal brand materials. They should be articulating their skills in their resume, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere they express their
professional identity.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the mindset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies we did, which was conducted by an independent statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes, when you lookat
who gets the job and who does not:
A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs or including hobbies/interests actually made any difference.
B. The only factor that made the difference was that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume, in a specific
way, were three times as likely to get the job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of these statements, were seven times more likely to get the job, often over
other more qualified candidates.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices- -
careers/2011/08/26/skillset-vs-mindset-which-will-get-you-the-job>. Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.
 
According to the fragment, it is true that 
 a) workers are not willing to spend time in in-company training programs. 
 b) unemployment rates are high because workers are looking for higher salaries. 
 c) many jobs are not taken because employers are becoming excessively critical. 
 d) companies are not interested in hiring more workers because of the hard economic times. 
 e) more than 50% of companies have not found candidates with the profile they are looking for.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349258
Questão 258: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular disease
By John Phillip
Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated soft drinks each year, a number that continues to increase at an alarming rate. Many people use lowcalorie diet soda
in a futile effort to lose weight. Yet they find that these drinks have the opposite effect leading them to be overweight or obese.
The high acid content in most carbonated beverages removes calcium and other critical nutrients from the bone and tissues, significantly increasing disease risk over
years of consumption.
 
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness Institute and Harvard University have reported the result of a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the first to
examine soda’s effect on stroke risk and vascular diseases.
Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, gout and coronary artery disease, but
current research has implicated diet soft drink consumption with increased disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of essential minerals.
Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted “Soda remains the largest source of added sugar in the diet. What we’re beginning to understand is that regular intake of
these beverages sets off a chain reaction in the body that can potentially lead to many diseases, including stroke. Researchers analyzed soda consumption among 43,371
men and 84,085 women over a time span of nearly thirty years. During that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women while 1,416 strokes were documented in
men.”
 
Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda marketers to instill the virtues of drinking soda, there is nothing healthy about consuming any type of carbonated beverage.
Moreover, the study did note that drinking coffee was associated with a 10% lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened beverages.
Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers concluded “older adults who drank diet soda daily had a 43% increased risk of heart attacks or strokes compared to those that
never drank diet soda”.
 
The suggestion is to substitute carbonated beverage consumption with an antioxidant packed cup of green tea or coffee to significantly reduce risk of strokes and
vascular diseases.
Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012 Available at: <http://www.gasandoil.com/oilaround/other/3425a2d6 a41705a0f36cf3796041db1e>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.
 
According to Text, a detrimental habit among Americans is a(n) 
 a) decreasing number of people taking calcium supplements. 
 b) decreasing amount of high acid nutrients in the daily diet. 
 c) decreasing amount of overweight and obese people looking for medical assistance. 
 d) increasing intake of soda each year. 
 e) increasing number of people on a low calorie diet .
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291625
Questão 259: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The Microbial Puppet-Master
by Valerie Ross 
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from Discover Magazine: 
Mind & Brain / Memory, Emotions & Decisions
When Timothy Lu was in medical school, he treated a veteran whose multiple sclerosis was so severe that she had to use a urinary catheter. As often happens with
invasive medical devices, the catheters became infected with biofilms: gooey, antibioticresistant layers of bacteria. Now the 30-year-old MIT professor, who first trained
as an engineer, designs viruses that destroy biofilms, which cause everything from staph infections to cholera outbreaks and that account for 65 percent of human
infections overall.
 
Discover: You started as an electrical engineer. Was it a difficult transition becoming a biologist?
 
Lu: I came into the lab not really understanding how to do biology experiments and deal with chemicals. I’m not a great experimentalist with my hands, and one night I
set the lab on fire.
 
Discover: How does a biofilm work, from an engineering perspective?
 
Lu: A biofilm is essentially a three-dimensional community of bacteria that live together, kind of like a bacterial apartment building or city. Biofilms are made up of the
bacterial cells as well as all sorts of other material — carbohydrates, proteins, and so on — that the bacteria build to protect themselves.
 
Discover: And those communities make bacteria especially dangerous?
 
Lu: Before I started medical school, I didn’t think bacterial infections were a big deal, because I assumed antibiotics had taken care of them, but then I started seeing
patients with significant biofilm infections that couldn’t be cured.
Discover: What is your strategy to destroy biofilms?
Lu: We use viruses called phages that infect bacteria but not human cells. We cut the phages’ DNA and insert a synthetic gene into the phage genome. That gene
produces enzymes that can go out into the biofilm and chew it up.
Discover: If you had just $10 for entertainment, how would you spend your day?
 
Lu: What can you even buy with $10? Maybe I would buy a magnifying glass and just peer around in the soil to see what other life was going on down there. That would
actually be fun.
Available at: <http://discovermagazine.com/2011/sep/05-questions-for-microbial-puppet-master>.Retrieved on: 11 Sep. 2011. Adapted.
 
In Text, we understand that Lu 
 a) went to war when he was 30. 
 b) became a veteran before he started teaching at MIT. 
 c) has first trained people to be engineers and will soon get a medical degree. 
 d) is both an engineer and a medical doctor and now works as an MIT professor. 
 e) started medical school at MIT at 30.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291918
Questão 260: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Has Higgs been really discovered?
by Scientific American
Top physicists have recently reached a frenzy over the announcement that the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva is planning to release what is widely expected to be
tantalizing - although no conclusive - evidence for the existence of the Higgs boson, the elementary particle hypothesized to be the origin of the mass of all matter.
Many physicists have already swung into action, swapping rumors about the contents of the announcement and proposing grandideas about what those rumors would
mean, if true. “It’s impossible to be excited enough,” says Gordon Kane, a theoretical physicist at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.
 
The spokespeople of the collaborations using the cathedral-size ATLAS and CMS detectors(a) to search for the Higgs boson and other phenomena(b) at the 27-kilometer-
circumference proton accelerator of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are scheduled to present updates based on analyses of the data collected to date(c). “There won’t be
a discovery announcement, but it does promise to be interesting(d), since there are rumors that scientists have seen hints of the elusive Higgs boson(e)” says James
Gillies, spokesperson for CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), which hosts the LHC.
Joe Lykken, a theoretical physicist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill, and a member of the CMS collaboration, says: “Whatever happens eventually
with the Higgs, I think we’ll look back on this meeting and say. ‘This was the beginning of something.’” (As a CMS member, Lykken says he is not yet sure himself what
results ATLAS would unveil; he is bound by his collaboration’s rules not to reveal what CMS has in hand.)
Available at: <http://news.cnet.com/8301-11386_3-57341543-76/has-higgs-been-discovered-rumors--of-watershed-news-build/?tag=mncol;topStories>. Retrieved on: 11 Dec. 2011. Adapted.
 
In Text, Joe Lykken states that 
 a) Dr. Higgs is bond by the collaboration’s rules and therefore should keep quiet. 
 b) even not knowing what will come, he believes science will reach a turning point with the Higgs news. 
 c) he will be free to talk about the news after ATLAS releases it. 
 d) he is doubtful about the real importance of the Higgs. 
 e) the theoretical physicists at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia will look back on the meeting about Dr. Higgs.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291939
Questão 261: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Has Higgs been really discovered?
by Scientific American
Top physicists have recently reached a frenzy over the announcement that the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva is planning to release what is widely expected to be
tantalizing - although no conclusive - evidence for the existence of the Higgs boson, the elementary particle hypothesized to be the origin of the mass of all matter.
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Many physicists have already swung into action, swapping rumors about the contents of the announcement and proposing grand ideas about what those rumors would
mean, if true. “It’s impossible to be excited enough,” says Gordon Kane, a theoretical physicist at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor.
 
The spokespeople of the collaborations using the cathedral-size ATLAS and CMS detectors to search for the Higgs boson and other phenomena at the 27-kilometer-
circumference proton accelerator of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are scheduled to present updates based on analyses of the data collected to date. “There won’t be a
discovery announcement, but it does promise to be interesting, since there are rumors that scientists have seen hints of the elusive Higgs boson” says James Gillies,
spokesperson for CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), which hosts the LHC.
Joe Lykken, a theoretical physicist at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Ill, and a member of the CMS collaboration, says: “Whatever happens eventually
with the Higgs, I think we’ll look back on this meeting and say. ‘This was the beginning of something.’” (As a CMS member, Lykken says he is not yet sure himself what
results ATLAS would unveil; he is bound by his collaboration’s rules not to reveal what CMS has in hand.)
Available at: <http://news.cnet.com/8301-11386_3-57341543-76/has-higgs-been-discovered-rumors--of-watershed-news-build/?tag=mncol;topStories>. Retrieved on: 11 Dec. 2011. Adapted.
 
The excerpt “Many physicists have already swung into action” could be properly completed in 
 a) yesterday after they heard the rumors. 
 b) before they heard the rumors. 
 c) since they heard the rumors. 
 d) if they hear the rumors. 
 e) when they will hear the rumors.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291933
Questão 262: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração, ou em Economia, ou em Engenharia, ou em Marketing/Vendas a Rede
Automotiva/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?
 
By Heather Huhman
There’s a debate going on among career experts about which is more important: skillset or mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many positions, does having
the right ones guarantee you’ll get the job?
What if you have the mindset to get the work accomplished, but currently lack certain skills requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith, CEO of Smarterer, and
Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love, recently sat down with U.S. News to
sound off on this issue.
Heather: What is more important to today’s employers: skillset or mindset? Why?
Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come first. The employer absolutely must find people who have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being hired to do.
Programmers have to know how to program. Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and software.
Social media managers must know the tools of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic, personality,
etc.
Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment, many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey cited in the Wall
Street Journal, over 50 percent of companies reported difficulty finding applicants with the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean in this economy – they don’t
have the time to train for those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this question: If you were hiring someone today, which would you pick, B) the
person with the perfect skills and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or A) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick
A. Add to this that 97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than the other way around.
Heather: How do you define skillset?
Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals are rapidly
accumulating these skills, and the tools themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving people a simple, smart way for people to validate their skillset and
articulate it to the world.
Heather: How do you define mindset?
Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the skillset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers can showcase the skills they have by incorporating them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout their professional
and personal brand materials. They should be articulating their skills in theirresume, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere they express their
professional identity.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the mindset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies we did, which was conducted by an independent statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes, when you look at
who gets the job and who does not:
A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs or including hobbies/interests actually made any difference.
B. The only factor that made the difference was that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume, in a specific
way, were three times as likely to get the job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of these statements, were seven times more likely to get the job, often over
other more qualified candidates.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices- -
careers/2011/08/26/skillset-vs-mindset-which-will-get-you-the-job>. Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.
 
Jennifer Fremont-Smith and Paul G. Stoltz are both interviewed in this article because they 
 a) have written books on how to conquer a dream job. 
 b) are chief executives from renowned American companies. 
 c) have identical points of view and experiences about the necessary qualifications in an employee. 
 d) show different perspectives concerning what employers value in a job candidate. 
 e) agree that all employers value the same set of technical skills in all employees.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349254
Questão 263: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The Microbial Puppet-Master
by Valerie Ross 
from Discover Magazine: 
Mind & Brain / Memory, Emotions & Decisions
When Timothy Lu was in medical school, he treated a veteran whose multiple sclerosis was so severe that she had to use a urinary catheter. As often happens with
invasive medical devices, the catheters became infected with biofilms: gooey, antibioticresistant layers of bacteria. Now the 30-year-old MIT professor, who first trained
as an engineer, designs viruses that destroy biofilms, which cause everything from staph infections to cholera outbreaks and that account for 65 percent of human
infections overall.
 
Discover: You started as an electrical engineer. Was it a difficult transition becoming a biologist?
 
Lu: I came into the lab not really understanding how to do biology experiments and deal with chemicals. I’m not a great experimentalist with my hands, and one night I
set the lab on fire.
 
Discover: How does a biofilm work, from an engineering perspective?
 
Lu: A biofilm is essentially a three-dimensional community of bacteria that live together, kind of like a bacterial apartment building or city. Biofilms are made up of the
bacterial cells as well as all sorts of other material — carbohydrates, proteins, and so on — that the bacteria build to protect themselves.
 
Discover: And those communities make bacteria especially dangerous?
 
Lu: Before I started medical school, I didn’t think bacterial infections were a big deal, because I assumed antibiotics had taken care of them, but then I started seeing
patients with significant biofilm infections that couldn’t be cured.
Discover: What is your strategy to destroy biofilms?
Lu: We use viruses called phages that infect bacteria but not human cells. We cut the phages’ DNA and insert a synthetic gene into the phage genome. That gene
produces enzymes that can go out into the biofilm and chew it up.
Discover: If you had just $10 for entertainment, how would you spend your day?
 
Lu: What can you even buy with $10? Maybe I would buy a magnifying glass and just peer around in the soil to see what other life was going on down there. That would
actually be fun.
Available at: <http://discovermagazine.com/2011/sep/05-questions-for-microbial-puppet-master>.Retrieved on: 11 Sep. 2011. Adapted.
 
In Text, Lu answers that if he was reduced to $10 for entertainment, he would 
 a) spend it by having fun with his peers. 
 b) go to his peer’s home to study. 
 c) have fun by walking around the garden, observing all life forms that inhabit the plants. 
 d) purchase a magnifying glass and would observe the tiny creatures on the ground. 
 e) not buy anything with it, but would still have fun with his peers.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291924
Questão 264: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still
 
Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz
 
Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary. A news investigation produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers at Westchester
County Airport sleeping during their shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester Airport, also shows
controllers reading and using laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) bans its controllers from use of cell phones, personal
reading material and electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited anywhere in air traffic control towers.
All of these violations are alarming and dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem. It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers
sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working. The video images showing air traffic controllers
slumped over and sleeping at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a very real one, and means that some
instances of falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their control.
Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling asleep on duty in recent months.
In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011 revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to include additional time for rest between shifts. The FAA:
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Raised the minimum amount of time off between work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between shifts
Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control towers during late night and early morning shifts
Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an overnight shift after a day off
These adjustments are a step in the right direction, but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where public safety is
at stake is too important to settle for improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.
Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between day and
night. Research shows that:
People who engage in shift work get less sleep overall than those of us who work more regular hours
Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and chronic disease
The sleep deprivation associated with shift work increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes in high-profile, public safety related industries like medicine
and law enforcement, as well as air traffic control
In addition to making people more prone to accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a numberof negative effects—both physical and psychological—that can impair
the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers and other shift workers. Sleep deprivation:
Slows reaction time
Interferes with memory
Causes fatigue
Compromises judgment
Impairs the ability to retain new information
I think we can all agree that we don’t want the people responsible for guiding our planes to be sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of questionable judgment.
But that’s exactly what being sleep deprived can make them!
It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the rest they need. This can include not just mandating reasonable time
off between shifts, but also giving controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic things that the controllers
themselves—or any shift workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins. Take a nap before work, if need be.
Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep. And caffeine
can interfere with your sleep when you actually want and need to be sleepy.
Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both during your workdays and your days off. It’s not always easy, but shift workers in particular need to build their off-
duty schedules around making sure they get the sleep they need.
Similarly to the recent changes in health care, the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs safely. As this latest
incident at Westchester Airport confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done. And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that progress continues to be
made.
Sweet Dreams,
Michael J. Breus, PhD 
The Sleep Doctor™ 
www.thesleepdoctor.com
Available at: <http://www.theinsomniablog.com/the_insomnia_ blog/2012/03/
air-traffic-controllers-asleep-on- -the-jobstill.html> Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
According to Text, the Federal Aviation Administration, in response to serious public safety issues, has defined new norms that include all of the following, EXCEPT 
 a) include longer resting periods between shifts, which amount to at least 9 hours. 
 b) reinforce supervision of air control towers staff on duty in late night and early morning shifts. 
 c) forbid air traffic controllers to change shifts with a colleague if the minimum resting period is not respected. 
 d) restrict air traffic controllers from working an overnight shift after having spent a day away from their post. 
 e) prohibit air control towers staff from working shifts with a 9 hour resting period in between.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/199183
Questão 265: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
President Obama to Sleepy Air Controllers: 
‘Better Do Your Job’
Lisa Stark and Andrew Springer
President Obama lectured air traffic controllers in an exclusive interview with ABC News, impressing on them the enormous responsibility of safeguarding flying
passengers and telling them, “You better do your job.”
The president spoke after several controllers were caught asleep on the job and the man in charge of air traffic control, Hank Krakowski, resigned on Thursday.
“The individuals who are falling asleep on the job, that’s unacceptable,” the president told ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos in an exclusive interview on Thursday. “The
fact is, when you’re responsible for the lives and safety of people up in the air, you better do your job. So, there’s an element of individual responsibility that has to be
dealt with.”
Five controllers have been suspended for apparently napping on the job while planes were trying to land at their airports.
The president said a full review of air traffic control work shifts is under way.
“What we also have to look at is air traffic control systems. Do we have enough back up? Do we have enough people? Are they getting enough rest time?” Obama said.
He added, however, “But it starts with individual responsibility.”
In March, two commercial airliners were forced to land unassisted at Washington, D.C.’s Reagan National Airport after a controller apparently fell asleep.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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Just days later, two controllers at the Preston Smith International Airport in Lubbock, Texas, did not hand off control of a departing aircraft to another control center and
it took repeated attempts for them to be reached.
On Feb. 19, an air traffic controller in Knoxville, Tenn., slept during an overnight shift. Sources told ABC News that the worker even took pillows and cushions from a
break room to build a make-shift bed on the control room floor.
And this month, there were two more incidents. A controller fell asleep on the job in Seattle, and days later a controller in Reno was snoozing when a plane carrying a
critically ill passenger was seeking permission to land.
The FAA and the controller’s union have been studying the fatigue issue for over a year and their report finds that “acute fatigue occurs on a daily basis,” and “fatigue can
occur at any time, on any shift.”
 
Sleep experts suggest midshift naps
Some sleep experts said controllers are ripe for fatigue because they often bounce between day shifts and night shifts. “When we’re constantly having to adjust to
different work schedules, our body is always playing catch up,” said Philip Gehrman, Director of the Behavioral Sleep Program at the University of Pennsylvania.
Controllers on the night shift have another hurdle: they often work in dim light conditions with little stimulation between radio calls. “That’s exactly the kind of type of
task that’s hardest to maintain, when you’re at the wrong point in your biological rhythms,” said Gehrman.
One recommendation from the government study suggests allowing controllers to take scheduled naps, with breaks as long as two and a half hours to allow for sleeping
and waking up.
Sleep experts said a long break in the middle of an eight hour overnight shift would help, but it might be a tough sell politically. It has taken decades to try to come up
with new fatigue rules for pilots and it may not be any easier when it comes to controllers.
Available at: <http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/obama-air-traffic-
-controllers-individual-responsibility/story?id=13382280#.UA__ XpFceSo>. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
President Obama’s warning to air traffic controllers “‘You better do your job.’” (line 2, Text) can be rephrased as 
 a) You should work in better jobs. 
 b) You need to be present at your job. 
 c) You should work better and more often. 
 d) You had better work as expected of you. 
 e) It would be better if you worked more intensely.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/199187
Questão 266: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
President Obama to Sleepy Air Controllers: 
‘Better Do Your Job’
Lisa Stark and Andrew Springer
President Obama lectured air traffic controllers in an exclusive interview with ABC News, impressing on them the enormous responsibility of safeguarding flying
passengers and telling them, “You better do your job.”
The president spoke after several controllers were caught asleep on the job and the man in charge of air traffic control, Hank Krakowski, resigned on Thursday.
“The individuals who are falling asleep on the job, that’s unacceptable,” the president told ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos in an exclusive interview on Thursday. “The
fact is, when you’re responsible for the lives and safety of people up in the air, you better do your job. So, there’s an elementof individual responsibility that has to be
dealt with.”
Five controllers have been suspended for apparently napping on the job while planes were trying to land at their airports.
The president said a full review of air traffic control work shifts is under way.
“What we also have to look at is air traffic control systems. Do we have enough back up? Do we have enough people? Are they getting enough rest time?” Obama said.
He added, however, “But it starts with individual responsibility.”
In March, two commercial airliners were forced to land unassisted at Washington, D.C.’s Reagan National Airport after a controller apparently fell asleep.
Just days later, two controllers at the Preston Smith International Airport in Lubbock, Texas, did not hand off control of a departing aircraft to another control center and
it took repeated attempts for them to be reached.
On Feb. 19, an air traffic controller in Knoxville, Tenn., slept during an overnight shift. Sources told ABC News that the worker even took pillows and cushions from a
break room to build a make-shift bed on the control room floor.
And this month, there were two more incidents. A controller fell asleep on the job in Seattle, and days later a controller in Reno was snoozing when a plane carrying a
critically ill passenger was seeking permission to land.
The FAA and the controller’s union have been studying the fatigue issue for over a year and their report finds that “acute fatigue occurs on a daily basis,” and “fatigue can
occur at any time, on any shift.”
 
Sleep experts suggest midshift naps
Some sleep experts said controllers are ripe for fatigue because they often bounce between day shifts and night shifts. “When we’re constantly having to adjust to
different work schedules, our body is always playing catch up,” said Philip Gehrman, Director of the Behavioral Sleep Program at the University of Pennsylvania.
Controllers on the night shift have another hurdle: they often work in dim light conditions with little stimulation between radio calls. “That’s exactly the kind of type of
task that’s hardest to maintain, when you’re at the wrong point in your biological rhythms,” said Gehrman.
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/cadernos/experimental/24626247/imprimir 44/130
One recommendation from the government study suggests allowing controllers to take scheduled naps, with breaks as long as two and a half hours to allow for sleeping
and waking up.
Sleep experts said a long break in the middle of an eight hour overnight shift would help, but it might be a tough sell politically. It has taken decades to try to come up
with new fatigue rules for pilots and it may not be any easier when it comes to controllers.
Available at: <http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/obama-air-traffic-
-controllers-individual-responsibility/story?id=13382280#.UA__ XpFceSo>. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
The fragment of Text “but it might be a tough sell politically.” (line 30) implies that it would be 
 a) easy to sell the idea that air traffic controllers need political representatives. 
 b) hard to convince air traffic management that controllers need long breaks during their working shifts. 
 c) fair to blame the working conditions of air traffic controllers on politicians who defend new job legislation. 
 d) possible to persuade politicians to take longer intervals between working shifts. 
 e) difficult to argument that sleep experts understand the reasons for sleep disorders of air traffic controllers.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/199191
Questão 267: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração, ou em Economia, ou em Engenharia, ou em Marketing/Vendas a Rede
Automotiva/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?
 
By Heather Huhman
There’s a debate going on among career experts about which is more important: skillset or mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many positions, does having
the right ones guarantee you’ll get the job?
What if you have the mindset to get the work accomplished, but currently lack certain skills requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith, CEO of Smarterer, and
Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love, recently sat down with U.S. News to
sound off on this issue.
Heather: What is more important to today’s employers: skillset or mindset? Why?
Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come first. The employer absolutely must find people who have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being hired to do.
Programmers have to know how to program. Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and software.
Social media managers must know the tools of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic, personality,
etc.
Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment, many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey cited in the Wall
Street Journal, over 50 percent of companies reported difficulty finding applicants with the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean in this economy – they don’t
have the time to train for those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this question: If you were hiring someone today, which would you pick, B) the
person with the perfect skills and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or A) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick
A. Add to this that 97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than the other way around.
Heather: How do you define skillset?
Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals are rapidly
accumulating these skills, and the tools themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving people a simple, smart way for people to validate their skillset and
articulate it to the world.
Heather: How do you define mindset?
Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the skillset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers can showcase the skills they have by incorporating them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout their professional
and personal brand materials. They should be articulating their skills in their resume, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere they express their
professional identity.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the mindset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies we did, which was conducted by an independent statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes, when you look at
who gets the job and who does not:
A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs or including hobbies/interests actually made any difference.
B. The only factor that made the difference was that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume, in a specific
way, were three times as likely to get the job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of thesestatements, were seven times more likely to get the job, often over
other more qualified candidates.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices- -
careers/2011/08/26/skillset-vs-mindset-which-will-get-you-the-job>. Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.
 
The study mentioned by Paul Stoltz shows that, to get a job, candidates must 
 a) mention in their CVs or resumes at least one mindset quality from a pre-selected group identified in Stoltz’s model. 
16/07/2021 TEC Concursos - Questões para concursos, provas, editais, simulados.
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 b) show they are qualified applicants for the function by making a list of their seven best mindset qualities.
 c) list their 72 most relevant aptitudes and capabilities, in accordance with Stoltz’s master model. 
 d) send their resumes three times to the same employer before being accepted. 
 e) use action verbs and report on hobbies and interests in their resumes.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349265
Questão 268: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still
 
Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz
 
Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary. A news investigation produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers at Westchester
County Airport sleeping during their shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester Airport, also shows
controllers reading and using laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) bans its controllers from use of cell phones, personal
reading material and electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited anywhere in air traffic control towers.
All of these violations are alarming and dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem. It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers
sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working. The video images showing air traffic controllers
slumped over and sleeping at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a very real one, and means that some
instances of falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their control.
Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling asleep on duty in recent months.
In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011 revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to include additional time for rest between shifts. The FAA:
Raised the minimum amount of time off between work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between shifts
Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control towers during late night and early morning shifts
Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an overnight shift after a day off
These adjustments are a step in the right direction, but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where public safety is
at stake is too important to settle for improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.
Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between day and
night. Research shows that:
People who engage in shift work get less sleep overall than those of us who work more regular hours
Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and chronic disease
The sleep deprivation associated with shift work increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes in high-profile, public safety related industries like medicine
and law enforcement, as well as air traffic control
In addition to making people more prone to accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a number of negative effects—both physical and psychological—that can impair
the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers and other shift workers. Sleep deprivation:
Slows reaction time
Interferes with memory
Causes fatigue
Compromises judgment
Impairs the ability to retain new information
I think we can all agree that we don’t want the people responsible for guiding our planes to be sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of questionable judgment.
But that’s exactly what being sleep deprived can make them!
It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the rest they need. This can include not just mandating reasonable time
off between shifts, but also giving controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic things that the controllers
themselves—or any shift workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins. Take a nap before work, if need be.
Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep. And caffeine
can interfere with your sleep when you actually want and need to be sleepy.
Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both during your workdays and your days off. It’s not always easy, but shift workers in particular need to build their off-
duty schedules around making sure they get the sleep they need.
Similarly to the recent changes in health care, the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs safely. As this latest
incident at Westchester Airport confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done. And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that progress continues to be
made.
Sweet Dreams,
Michael J. Breus, PhD 
The Sleep Doctor™ 
www.thesleepdoctor.com
Available at: <http://www.theinsomniablog.com/the_insomnia_ blog/2012/03/
air-traffic-controllers-asleep-on- -the-jobstill.html> Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
Text II
President Obama to Sleepy Air Controllers: 
‘Better Do Your Job’
Lisa Stark and Andrew Springer
President Obama lectured air traffic controllers in an exclusive interview with ABC News, impressing on them the enormous responsibility of safeguarding flying
passengers and telling them, “You better do your job.”
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The president spoke after several controllers were caught asleep on the job and the man in charge of air traffic control, Hank Krakowski, resigned on Thursday.
“The individuals who are falling asleep on the job, that’s unacceptable,” the president told ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos in an exclusive interview on Thursday. “The
fact is, when you’re responsible for the lives and safety of people up in the air, you better do your job. So, there’s an element of individual responsibility that has to be
dealt with.”
Five controllers have been suspended for apparently napping on the job while planes were trying to land at their airports.
The president said a full review of air traffic control work shifts is under way.
“What we also have to look at is air traffic control systems. Do we have enough back up? Do we have enough people? Are they getting enough rest time?” Obama said.
He added, however, “But it starts with individual responsibility.”
In March, two commercial airliners were forced to land unassisted at Washington, D.C.’s Reagan National Airport after a controller apparently fell asleep.
Just days later, two controllers at the Preston Smith International Airport in Lubbock, Texas, did not hand off control of a departing aircraft toanother control center and
it took repeated attempts for them to be reached.
On Feb. 19, an air traffic controller in Knoxville, Tenn., slept during an overnight shift. Sources told ABC News that the worker even took pillows and cushions from a
break room to build a make-shift bed on the control room floor.
And this month, there were two more incidents. A controller fell asleep on the job in Seattle, and days later a controller in Reno was snoozing when a plane carrying a
critically ill passenger was seeking permission to land.
The FAA and the controller’s union have been studying the fatigue issue for over a year and their report finds that “acute fatigue occurs on a daily basis,” and “fatigue can
occur at any time, on any shift.”
 
Sleep experts suggest midshift naps
Some sleep experts said controllers are ripe for fatigue because they often bounce between day shifts and night shifts. “When we’re constantly having to adjust to
different work schedules, our body is always playing catch up,” said Philip Gehrman, Director of the Behavioral Sleep Program at the University of Pennsylvania.
Controllers on the night shift have another hurdle: they often work in dim light conditions with little stimulation between radio calls. “That’s exactly the kind of type of
task that’s hardest to maintain, when you’re at the wrong point in your biological rhythms,” said Gehrman.
One recommendation from the government study suggests allowing controllers to take scheduled naps, with breaks as long as two and a half hours to allow for sleeping
and waking up.
Sleep experts said a long break in the middle of an eight hour overnight shift would help, but it might be a tough sell politically. It has taken decades to try to come up
with new fatigue rules for pilots and it may not be any easier when it comes to controllers.
Available at: <http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/obama-air-traffic-
-controllers-individual-responsibility/story?id=13382280#.UA__ XpFceSo>. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
A comparison between Texts I and II reveals that 
 a) only Text I discusses how the absence of sleep can disturb the routine of air traffic controllers. 
 b) only Text II introduces a list of recommendations to improve the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers. 
 c) neither Text I nor Text II seem to be concerned with improving air traffic controllers’ health conditions. 
 d) both Text I and Text II mention alarming situations resulting from air traffic controllers’ sleep deprivation. 
 e) Text I tries to justify why air traffic controllers constantly fall asleep while on duty, while Text II only condemns their improper behavior at work. 
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/199196
Questão 269: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still
 
Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz
 
Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary. A news investigation produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers at Westchester
County Airport sleeping during their shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester Airport, also shows
controllers reading and using laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) bans its controllers from use of cell phones, personal
reading material and electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited anywhere in air traffic control towers.
All of these violations are alarming and dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem. It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers
sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working. The video images showing air traffic controllers
slumped over and sleeping at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a very real one, and means that some
instances of falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their control.
Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling asleep on duty in recent months.
In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011 revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to include additional time for rest between shifts. The FAA:
Raised the minimum amount of time off between work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between shifts
Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control towers during late night and early morning shifts
Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an overnight shift after a day off
These adjustments are a step in the right direction, but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where public safety is
at stake is too important to settle for improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.
Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between day and
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night. Research shows that:
People who engage in shift work get less sleep overall than those of us who work more regular hours
Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and chronic disease
The sleep deprivation associated with shift work increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes in high-profile, public-safety related industries like medicine
and law enforcement, as well as air traffic control
In addition to making people more prone to accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a number of negative effects—both physical and 
psychological—that can impair the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers and other shift workers. Sleep deprivation:
Slows reaction time
Interferes with memory
Causes fatigue
Compromises judgment
Impairs the ability to retain new information
I think we can all agree that we don’t want the people responsible for guiding our planes to be sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of questionable judgment.
But that’s exactly what being sleep deprived can make them!
It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the rest they need. This can include not just mandating reasonable time
off between shifts, but also giving controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic things that the controllers
themselves—or any shift workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins. Take a nap before work, if need be.
Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep. And caffeine
can interfere with your sleep when you actually want and need to be sleepy.
Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both during your workdays and your days off. It’s not always easy, but shift workers in particular need to build their off-
duty schedules around making sure they get the sleep they need.
Similarly to the recent changes in health care, the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs safely. As this latest
incident at Westchester Airport confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done. And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that progress continues to be
made.
Sweet Dreams,
Michael J. Breus, PhD 
The Sleep Doctor™ 
www.thesleepdoctor.com
Available at: <http://www.theinsomniablog.com/the_insomnia_ blog/2012/03/
air-traffic-controllers-asleep-on- -the-jobstill.html>Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
After reading Text, it is possible to infer that the author’s intention is to 
 a) expose the serious situation of air traffic controllers caused by sleep deprivation and present some recommendations to prevent this problem. 
 b) criticize the FAA for not defining coherent regulations for workers in the airport control tower. 
 c) challenge the efficacy of several recommendations for better public safety norms in air traffic control. 
 d) list all the negative effects of shift work on the lives of airport staff and defend a less stressful job routine. 
 e) blame the work load of air traffic controllers and their low salaries for the high frequency of air traffic incidents.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/199180
Questão 270: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
President Obama to Sleepy Air Controllers: 
‘Better Do Your Job’
Lisa Stark and Andrew Springer
President Obama lectured air traffic controllers in an exclusive interview with ABC News, impressing on them the enormous responsibility of safeguarding flying
passengers and telling them, “You better do your job.”
The president spoke after several controllers were caught asleep on the job and the man in charge of air traffic control, Hank Krakowski, resigned on Thursday.
“The individuals who are falling asleep on the job, that’s unacceptable,” the president told ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos in an exclusive interview on Thursday. “The
fact is, when you’re responsible for the lives and safety of people up in the air, you better do your job. So, there’s an element of individual responsibility that has to be
dealt with.”
Five controllers have been suspended for apparently napping on the job while planes were trying to land at their airports.
The president said a full review of air traffic control work shifts is under way.
“What we also have to look at is air traffic control systems. Do we have enough back up? Do we have enough people? Are they getting enough rest time?” Obama said.
He added, however, “But it starts with individual responsibility.”
In March, two commercial airliners were forced to land unassisted at Washington, D.C.’s Reagan National Airport after a controller apparently fell asleep.
Just days later, two controllers at the Preston Smith International Airport in Lubbock, Texas, did not hand off control of a departing aircraft to another control center and
it took repeated attempts for them to be reached.
On Feb. 19, an air traffic controller in Knoxville, Tenn., slept during an overnight shift. Sources told ABC News that the worker even took pillows and cushions from a
break room to build a make-shift bed on the control room floor.
And this month, there were two more incidents. A controller fell asleep on the job in Seattle, and days later a controller in Reno was snoozing when a plane carrying a
critically ill passenger was seeking permission to land.
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The FAA and the controller’s union have been studying the fatigue issue for over a year and their report finds that “acute fatigue occurs on a daily basis,” and “fatigue can
occur at any time, on any shift.”
 
Sleep experts suggest midshift naps
Some sleep experts said controllers are ripe for fatigue because they often bounce between day shifts and night shifts. “When we’re constantly having to adjust to
different work schedules, our body is always playing catch up,” said Philip Gehrman, Director of the Behavioral Sleep Program at the University of Pennsylvania.
Controllers on the night shift have another hurdle: they often work in dim light conditions with little stimulation between radio calls. “That’s exactly the kind of type of
task that’s hardest to maintain, when you’re at the wrong point in your biological rhythms,” said Gehrman.
One recommendation from the government study suggests allowing controllers to take scheduled naps, with breaks as long as two and a half hours to allow for sleeping
and waking up.
Sleep experts said a long break in the middle of an eight hour overnight shift would help, but it might be a tough sell politically. It has taken decades to try to come up
with new fatigue rules for pilots and it may not be any easier when it comes to controllers.
Available at: <http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/obama-air-traffic-
-controllers-individual-responsibility/story?id=13382280#.UA__ XpFceSo>. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
In Text, in terms of reference, the boldfaced pronoun 
 a) them in “and telling them” (line 2) refers to passengers (line 2). 
 b) it in “But it starts with individual responsibility.” (line 12) refers to time (line 11). 
 c) them in “for them to be reached” (line 16) refers to controllers (line 15). 
 d) they in “they often bounce” (line 23) refers to experts (line 23). 
 e) it in “it may not be any easier” (line 31) refers to shift (line 30).
 
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/199192
Questão 271: CESGRANRIO - Tec (BR)/BR/Suprimento e Logística Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Unhappy at Work? These Simple Tricks
Can Turn Your Negative Thoughts into Positive Ones
 
Kathy Murdock
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
Unhappy at work? Then you aren’t alone. The annual Conference Board job satisfaction survey shows that more than half of all Americans (a whopping 52 percent!) are
dissatisfied with their jobs. It’s not necessarily the work that is making us unhappy, though; sometimes, it is how we decide to look at and deal with our tasks that cause
us stress on the job.
As we know, pessimism is never a good trait, and boredom makes us do things we would never think of doing. And anxiety? If you spend most of your time worrying
about what has to be done or how you did something that has already been completed, you’ll never be able to completely move forward to the next task.
Mental frustrations aren’t the only things that give us pause at the office. Sitting too long in an office chair, never seeing sunlight from 9-5, becoming sedentary day after
day, and eating poorly on the job can all take their negative toll.
Brant Secunda and Mark Allen, authors of the book Fit Soul, Fit Body, offer today’s working mothers (and fathers) tips for feeling better while at the workplace.
Get Up!
If you sit in your office chair from 9-5 you’ll reduce the amount of lipoprotein lipase, a fat-burning enzyme, by 94 percent. Standing for 30 minutes each day will get this
enzyme going. The authors suggest rising from that ergonomic chair to answer the phone, consult with a coworker, or read the latest article.
Embrace the Power of Repetition
Ever wonder how a top athlete can practice the same skill day after day, or how someone can force her body (and mind) to run 26.2 miles? Much of this willpower and
stamina comes from the mind. To continually do the same thing over and over, the person doing the task needs to think positive and, the authors say, embrace the
power of repetition.
Look toward what it is you are accomplishing, the ultimate goal, and not at the small steps it takes to get you there.
 
Stop Procrastinating for A Small 5 Minutes
Oftentimes if I am dreading a big project, I will find other things to do to occupy my time while I get up my strength to work on it. The authors say that committing to
working on the project for five minutes is all you need, because once you start you will probably find it is not that bad after all. Even if it is that bad, you are doing it, and
it will be easier to complete if you have been chipping away at it for five minutes a day. Besides, once we do get started we usually stick to it because we want to see it
through. So, suck it up and jump in there, even if it is only for a short period of time.
Weightliftingfor the Soul
Oftentimes you might find yourself thinking negative thoughts about the workplace. You don’t want to do a certain project because it is too hard or time-consuming; you
don’t want to have to partner up with a certain person because they don’t share the weight on projects; you are unhappy with the way the boss handles issues around
the workplace.
Instead of practicing negative thoughts, learn to weight lift for the soul, which the authors say is “giving up negative thoughts that weigh you down.” How do you do this?
“The next time a negative thought comes into your mind,” write the authors, “force yourself to restate it to yourself in a positive way.” For instance, if you are thinking
something is too hard, look at it as though you have what it takes to get the job done. If you find yourself considering a particular task a waste of your time, instead think
about what it is you can learn from doing that task.
Available at: <http://www.allbusiness.com/population
-demographics/ demographic-groups-working-mothers/15479561-1.html>. Retrieved on: 7 Apr. 2011.
 
The sentence in which the boldfaced expression introduces an idea of exemplification is: 
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 a) “It’s not necessarily the work that is making us unhappy, though;” 
 b) “because once you start you will probably find it is not that bad after all.” 
 c) “Besides, once we do get started we usually stick to it” 
 d) “For instance, if you are thinking something is too hard, look at it as though you have what it takes to get the job done.” 
 e) “If you find yourself considering a particular task a waste of your time,”
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349141
Questão 272: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Arctic E&P activity heats up
By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor
Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than 400 fields
have been discovered to date in the Arctic, providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest speaker at a recent
conference of the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry since
1940. Reid also affirmed that “There is no doubt that further drilling activity in this region could have a major impact on offshore production in the foreseeable future.”
Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions.
Around 114 Bboe are gas reserves, and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil. Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas prospects through 2017 includes
current and future offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern
Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.
 
Arctic capital expenditure should increase more than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure, especially during
2013-2015, assuming the Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes a comprehensive development of satellites in the Barents Sea, and joint development of the
Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea.
Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant stationary platform designed and built in Russia measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a weight of 117,000
tons, the platform can accommodate a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.
 
The platform is designed to withstand temperatures that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice formation – the location is typically free from ice for 110
days each year. The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil storage services, along with preparation and shipment of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field.
Gazprom expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection
system around the platform to secure it to the seabed. The development is targeting annual production of more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated produced
gas will be used for the platform’s needs. Production operations are scheduled to start this year.
 
Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5 Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>. Retrieved
on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.
 
According to Text, it is clear that 
 a) Brazil will be the new promising offshore frontier. 
 b) Andrew Reid is anticipating reserves in excess of 240 Bboe for Mexico. 
 c) the Arctic will be exploited by Douglas-Westwood Company. 
 d) the Arctic will have drilling difficulties in its foreseeable future, concerning oil extraction. 
 e) IADC has worked for drilling contractors’ interests worldwide for over 70 years.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291620
Questão 273: CESGRANRIO - Psico (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text I
 
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
 
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas (O&G) industry compared to men, many women find rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were asked the
same questions regarding their career choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and money.
Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down the great starting salary and a chance to live in New Orleans.
Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our country’s energy solution.
Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil companies recruit. I received a summer internship with Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came to the geosciences department of my university annually and they sponsored scholarships for graduate students to help
complete their research. Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one of these scholarships, my graduate advisor
strongly encouraged me to participate when the time came for O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another state where oil and gas was not its primary business. When the company sold its division in the state where I was
working, they offered me a position at the company’s headquarters in Houston managing the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest region. Aftermarket sales
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supported the on-highway, construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and gas markets. After one year, the company asked me to take the position of managing their
marine and offshore power products division. I held that position for three years. I left that company to join a new startup company where I hold the position of
president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was an internship withMobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented geoscientists
and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
 
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
 
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and work on getting projects out the door. My days are never the same, which is what I love about the job I have.
 
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m. (although the official day is shorter). We call the field every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering activities. I work with my team leads on short-term and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of emails and
Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or upcoming work (production optimization, simulation modeling, drilling plans,
geologic interpretation, workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate in a number of broader business initiatives and leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well as other business
relationships abroad. At the office, I am involved in the daily business operations and also stay closely involved in the projects and the sales efforts. On any given day I
am working on budgets and finance, attending project meetings, attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals, evaluating new business opportunities and making a lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create maps, research local and regional geology or write documents. I go to
project meetings almost every day. I typically work only during business hours, but there are times when I get calls at night or on weekends from a rig or other geologists
for assistance with a technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012. 11
 
 
Text II
 
How To Start A Career In The Oil And Gas Industry:
What Employers Say
 
By Katie Weir
From Talent Acquisition Specialist, Campus
Talisman Energy
How to start your career, step by step
Fix up your resumé – take it to your career centre at your university and they’ll help you.
Write a compelling cover letter that speaks to your best qualities – save the pretentious language for your English papers.
Join a professional association and attend their events – if you feel uncomfortable attending alone, try volunteering at them. By having a job to do, it gives you an
excuse to interact with the attendees, and an easy way to start up a conversation the next time you see them.
Do your research – I can’t stress this enough. I want students to apply to Talisman, not because we have open jobs, but because they actually have an interest in what
we’re doing, and want to be a part of it.
Be confident, but stay humble – it’s important to communicate your abilities effectively, but it’s also important to be conscious of the phrase: “sense of entitlement.”
This generation entering the workforce has already been branded with the word “entitlement,” so students will need to fight against this bias from the very beginning of
any relationship with people in the industry – be aware that you will need to roll up your sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and you will be rewarded in the
end.
Retrieved and adapted from URL: <http://talentegg.ca/incubator/2010/11/29/how-to-start-a-career-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry -what-employers-say/>. Acess on: February 14, 2012.
 
 
Concerning Texts I and II, it is possible to affirm that 
 a) neither text points out ways to get rewarding jobs in the O&G industry. 
 b) both texts discuss strategies to ask for promotion in the O&G industry. 
 c) both texts present ways of starting successful careers in the O&G industry. 
 d) only Text I encourages prospective employees of O&G industries to plan their careers in advance.
 e) only Text II provides hints on how to give up highly-paid jobs in the O&G industry.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/220766
Questão 274: CESGRANRIO - Tec (BR)/BR/Suprimento e Logística Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Unhappy at Work? These Simple Tricks
Can Turn Your Negative Thoughts into Positive Ones
 
Kathy Murdock
Wednesday, February 9, 2011
Unhappy at work? Then you aren’t alone. The annual Conference Board job satisfaction survey shows that more than half of all Americans (a whopping 52 percent!) are
dissatisfied with their jobs. It’s not necessarily the work that is making us unhappy, though; sometimes, it is how we decide to look at and deal with our tasks that cause
us stress on the job.
As we know, pessimism is never a good trait, and boredom makes us do things we would never think of doing. And anxiety? If you spend most of your time worrying
about what has to be done or how you did something that has already been completed, you’ll never be able to completely move forward to the next task.
Mental frustrations aren’t the only things that give us pause at the office. Sitting too long in an office chair, never seeing sunlight from 9-5, becoming sedentary day after
day, and eating poorly on the job can all take their negative toll.
Brant Secunda and Mark Allen, authors of the book Fit Soul, Fit Body, offer today’s working mothers (and fathers) tips for feeling better while at the workplace.
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Get Up!
If you sit in your office chair from 9-5 you’ll reduce the amount of lipoprotein lipase, a fat-burning enzyme, by 94 percent. Standing for 30 minutes each day will get this
enzyme going. The authors suggest rising from that ergonomic chair to answer the phone, consult with a coworker, or read the latest article.
Embrace the Power of Repetition
Ever wonder how a top athlete can practice the same skill day after day, or how someone can force her body (and mind)to run 26.2 miles? Much of this willpower and
stamina comes from the mind. To continually do the same thing over and over, the person doing the task needs to think positive and, the authors say, embrace the
power of repetition.
Look toward what it is you are accomplishing, the ultimate goal, and not at the small steps it takes to get you there.
 
Stop Procrastinating for A Small 5 Minutes
Oftentimes if I am dreading a big project, I will find other things to do to occupy my time while I get up my strength to work on it. The authors say that committing to
working on the project for five minutes is all you need, because once you start you will probably find it is not that bad after all. Even if it is that bad, you are doing it, and
it will be easier to complete if you have been chipping away at it for five minutes a day. Besides, once we do get started we usually stick to it because we want to see it
through. So, suck it up and jump in there, even if it is only for a short period of time.
Weightlifting for the Soul
Oftentimes you might find yourself thinking negative thoughts about the workplace. You don’t want to do a certain project because it is too hard or time-consuming; you
don’t want to have to partner up with a certain person because they don’t share the weight on projects; you are unhappy with the way the boss handles issues around
the workplace.
Instead of practicing negative thoughts, learn to weight lift for the soul, which the authors say is “giving up negative thoughts that weigh you down.” How do you do this?
“The next time a negative thought comes into your mind,” write the authors, “force yourselfto restate it to yourself in a positive way.” For instance, if you are thinking
something is too hard, look at it as though you have what it takes to get the job done. If you find yourself considering a particular task a waste of your time, instead think
about what it is you can learn from doing that task.
Available at: <http://www.allbusiness.com/population
-demographics/ demographic-groups-working-mothers/15479561-1.html>. Retrieved on: 7 Apr. 2011.
 
The main idea of the text is that employees 
 a) are forced to stay in the office everyday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. 
 b) will never be able to change some negative situations at work. 
 c) often feel unhappy at work because their jobs are repetitive and irrelevant. 
 d) must learn some strategies to prepare their bodies and minds to run 26.2 miles. 
 e) can feel better at work if they learn how to make some adjustments in their routines.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349123
Questão 275: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração, ou em Economia, ou em Engenharia, ou em Marketing/Vendas a Rede
Automotiva/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?
 
By Heather Huhman
There’s a debate going on among career experts about which is more important: skillset or mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many positions, does having
the right ones guarantee you’ll get the job?
What if you have the mindset to get the work accomplished, but currently lack certain skills requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith, CEO of Smarterer, and
Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love, recently sat down with U.S. News to
sound off on this issue.
Heather: What is more important to today’s employers: skillset or mindset? Why?
Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come first. The employer absolutely must find people who have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being hired to do.
Programmers have to know how to program. Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and software.
Social media managers must know the tools of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic, personality,
etc.
Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment, many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey cited in the Wall
Street Journal, over 50 percent of companies reported difficulty finding applicants with the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean in this economy – they don’t
have the time to train for those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this question: If you were hiring someone today, which would you pick, A) the
person with the perfect skills and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or B) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick
A. Add to this that 97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than the other way around.
Heather: How do you define skillset?
Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals are rapidly
accumulating these skills, and the tools themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving people a simple, smart way for people to validate their skillset and
articulate it to the world.
Heather: How do you define mindset?
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Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the skillset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers can showcase the skills they have by incorporating them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout their professional
and personal brand materials. They should be articulating their skills in their resume, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere they express their
professional identity.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the mindset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies we did, which was conducted by an independent statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes, when you look at
who gets the job and who does not:
A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs or including hobbies/interests actually made any difference.
B. The only factor that made the difference was that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume, in a specific
way, were three times as likely to get the job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of these statements, were seven times more likely to get the job, often over
other more qualified candidates.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices- -
careers/2011/08/26/skillset-vs-mindset-which-will-get-you-the-job>. Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.
 
The main purpose of the text is to 
 a) explain the reasons why unemployment is so high in the current global economic crisis. 
 b) discuss the qualities that employers have been looking for in prospective job candidates. 
 c) list the most important personality traits employers have been looking for in prospective employees. 
 d) convince job seekers that having the appropriate technical skills for a given function is all they need to get a job. 
 e) justify that the actual difficult economic situation prevents job applicants from developing the necessary technical skills for the job market.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349253
Questão 276: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular disease
By John Phillip
Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated soft drinks each year, a number that continues to increase at an alarming rate. Many people use lowcalorie diet soda
in a futile effort to lose weight. Yet they find that these drinks have the opposite effect leading them to be overweight or obese.
The high acid content in most carbonated beverages removes calcium and other critical nutrients from the bone and tissues, significantly increasing disease risk over
years of consumption.
 
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness Institute and Harvard University have reported the result of a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the first to
examine soda’s effect on stroke risk and vascular diseases.
Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, gout and coronary artery disease, but
current research has implicated diet soft drink consumption with increased disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of essential minerals.
Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted “Soda remains the largest source of added sugar in the diet. What we’re beginning to understand is that regular intake of
these beverages sets off a chain reaction in the body that can potentially lead to many diseases, including stroke. Researchers analyzedsoda consumption among 43,371
men and 84,085 women over a time span of nearly thirty years. During that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women while 1,416 strokes were documented in
men.”
 
Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda marketers to instill the virtues of drinking soda, there is nothing healthy about consuming any type of carbonated beverage.
Moreover, the study did note that drinking coffee was associated with a 10% lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened beverages.
Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers concluded “older adults who drank diet soda daily had a 43% increased risk of heart attacks or strokes compared to those that
never drank diet soda”.
 
The suggestion is to substitute carbonated beverage consumption with an antioxidant packed cup of green tea or coffee to significantly reduce risk of strokes and
vascular diseases.
Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012 Available at: <http://www.gasandoil.com/oilaround/other/3425a2d6 a41705a0f36cf3796041db1e>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.
 
 
According to Text, Dr. Adam Bernstein affirmed that 
 a) stroke cannot be linked to soda nor to food intake with elevated sugar levels. 
 b) soda has been researched not only by 43,371 men but also by 84,085 women. 
 c) soda intake is responsible for the largest source of sugar intake and for a detrimental chain reaction connected to the appearance of serious diseases. 
 d) researchers cannot pinpoint connections between soda intake and any serious diseases. 
 e) over the time span of thirty years of soda consumption more men have been affected by stroke than women.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291627
Questão 277: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração, ou em Economia, ou em Engenharia, ou em Marketing/Vendas a Rede
Automotiva/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?
 
By Heather Huhman
There’s a debate going on among career experts about which is more important: skillset or mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many positions, does having
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the right ones guarantee you’ll get the job?
What if you have the mindset to get the work accomplished, but currently lack certain skills requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith, CEO of Smarterer, and
Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love, recently sat down with U.S. News to
sound off on this issue.
Heather: What is more important to today’s employers: skillset or mindset? Why?
Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come first. The employer absolutely must find people who have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being hired to do.
Programmers have to know how to program. Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and software.
Social media managers must know the tools of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic, personality,
etc.
Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment, many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey cited in the Wall
Street Journal, over 50 percent of companies reported difficulty finding applicants with the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean in this economy – they don’t
have the time to train for those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this question: If you were hiring someone today, which would you pick, B) the
person with the perfect skills and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or A) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick
A. Add to this that 97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than the other way around.
Heather: How do you define skillset?
Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals are rapidly
accumulating these skills, and the tools themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving people a simple, smart way for people to validate their skillset and
articulate it to the world.
Heather: How do you define mindset?
Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the skillset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers can showcase the skills they have by incorporating them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout their professional
and personal brand materials. They should be articulating their skills in their resume, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere they express their
professional identity.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the mindset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies we did, which was conducted by an independent statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes, when you look at
who gets the job and who does not:
A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs or including hobbies/interests actually made any difference.
B. The only factor that made the difference was that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume, in a specific
way, were three times as likely to get the job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of these statements, were seven times more likely to get the job, often over
other more qualified candidates.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices- -
careers/2011/08/26/skillset-vs-mindset-which-will-get-you-the-job>. Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.
 
The sentence in which the boldfaced item expresses an advice is 
 a) “The employer absolutely must find people” 
 b) “Programmers have to know how to program.” 
 c) “Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers” 
 d) “they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets” 
 e) “They should be articulating their skills”
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/349263
Questão 278: CESGRANRIO - Ass Adm (EPE)/EPE/Apoio Administrativo/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Arctic E&P activity heats up
By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor
Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than 400 fields
have been discovered to date in the Arctic, providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest speaker at a recent
conference of the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry since
1940. Reid also affirmed that “There is no doubt that further drilling activity in this region could have a major impact on offshore production in the foreseeable future.”
Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions.
Around 114 Bboe are gas reserves,and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil. Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas prospects through 2017 includes
current and future offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern
Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.
 
Arctic capital expenditure should increase more than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure, especially during
2013-2015, assuming the Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes a comprehensive development of satellites in the Barents Sea, and joint development of the
Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea.
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Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant stationary platform designed and built in Russia measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a weight of 117,000
tons, the platform can accommodate a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.
 
The platform is designed to withstand temperatures that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice formation – the location is typically free from ice for 110
days each year. The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil storage services, along with preparation and shipment of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field.
Gazprom expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection
system around the platform to secure it to the seabed. The development is targeting annual production of more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated produced
gas will be used for the platform’s needs. Production operations are scheduled to start this year.
 
Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5 Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>. Retrieved
on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.
 
According to Text, if the Shtokman project goes ahead, it
 a) will make Arctic capital expenditure decrease. 
 b) will increase in a total of $7 billions until 2017. 
 c) will reopen during 2013-2015 in a joint development of the Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye fields . 
 d) will include development of both Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea. 
 e) is not part of the Russian investments.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/291622
Questão 279: CESGRANRIO - Qui Pet (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Safety Meeting Presentation
Today’s meeting is really about you. I can stand in front of you and talk about working safely and what procedures to follow until I’m blue in the face. But until you
understand the need for working safely, until you are willing to be responsible for your safety, it doesn’t mean a whole lot.
Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The sole purpose of this agency is to keep American workers safe. Complying
with OSHA regulations isn’t always easy, but if we work together, we can do it. Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason for working safely. Our real motive
is simple. We care about each and every one of you and will do what is necessary to prevent you from being injured.
However, keeping our workplace safe takes input from everyone. Management, supervisor, and all of you have to come together on this issue, or we’re in trouble. For
example, upper management has to approve the purchase of safe equipment. Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that each of you knows how to use that
equipment safely. Then it’s up to you to follow through the task and use the equipment as you were trained. If any one part of this chain fails, accidents are going to
happen and people are going to get hurt.
Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards
At the core of your safety responsibilities lies the task of recognizing safety and health hazards. In order to do that, you must first understand what constitutes a hazard.
Extreme hazards are often obvious. Our hopes are that you won’t find too many of those around here.
There are, however, more subtle hazards that won’t jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety training and meetings like these, some things may come to mind.
For example, a machine may not be easy to lock out. Common practice may be to use a tag. This is a potential hazard and should be discussed. Maybe something can be
changed to make it easier to use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things as frayed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a cluttered aisle, or maybe something
that just doesn’t look right.
Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards
A big part of recognizing hazards is using your instincts. Nobody knows your job as well as you do, so we’re counting on you to let us know about possible problems.
Beyond recognizing hazards, you have to correct them or report them to someone who can. This too, is a judgement call. For example, if something spills in your work
area you can probably clean it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled chemical container and you have no idea what it is, you should report it to your supervisor.
 
Additional Employee Responsibilities
Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping your work area safe. For example, you should take a few minutes each day to ensure that aisles, hallways, and stairways in
your work area are not obstructed. If boxes, equipment, or anything else is left to pile up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands. Those obstructions could keep you
from exiting the building quickly and safely should you face an emergency situation.
Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slips and falls. Flammable materials are another thing to be aware of. Make sure they are disposed of properly.
Keep Thinking. Even if you’re doing your job safely and you are avoiding hazards, there are often even better ways to work safely. If you have ideas for improving the
safety of your job or that of co-workers, share them.
Concluding Remarks
While nothing we do can completely eliminate the threat of an incident, we can work together to improve our odds. As I said, this must be a real team effort and I’m
counting on input from all of you. Let’s keep communicating and continue to improve safety.
Available at: <http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/training/ meeting/emplores.html>. Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.
 
According to the text, employees have several safety responsibilities at work, EXCEPT 
 a) understanding what constitutes a hazard. 
 b) using their instincts to help prevent risks. 
 c) avoiding obstructed spaces in the work area. 
 d) eliminating the use of all flammable materials. 
 e) correcting dangers or reporting on them to have them solved.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/352345
Questão 280: CESGRANRIO - Qui Pet (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Safety Meeting Presentation
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Today’s meeting is really about you. I can stand in front of you and talk about working safely and what procedures to follow until I’m blue in the face. But until you
understand the need for working safely, until you are willing to be responsible for your safety, it doesn’t mean a whole lot.
Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The sole purpose of this agency is to keep American workers safe. Complying
with OSHA regulations isn’t always easy, but if we work together, we can doit. Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason for working safely. Our real motive
is simple. We care about each and every one of you and will do what is necessary to prevent you from being injured.
However, keeping our workplace safe takes input from everyone. Management, supervisor, and all of you have to come together on this issue, or we’re in trouble. For
example, upper management has to approve the purchase of safe equipment. Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that each of you knows how to use that
equipment safely. Then it’s up to you to follow through the task and use the equipment as you were trained. If any one part of this chain fails, accidents are going to
happen and people are going to get hurt.
Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards
At the core of your safety responsibilities lies the task of recognizing safety and health hazards. In order to do that, you must first understand what constitutes a hazard.
Extreme hazards are often obvious. Our hopes are that you won’t find too many of those around here.
There are, however, more subtle hazards that won’t jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety training and meetings like these, some things may come to mind.
For example, a machine may not be easy to lock out. Common practice may be to use a tag. This is a potential hazard and should be discussed. Maybe something can be
changed to make it easier to use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things as frayed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a cluttered aisle, or maybe something
that just doesn’t look right.
Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards
A big part of recognizing hazards is using your instincts. Nobody knows your job as well as you do, so we’re counting on you to let us know about possible problems.
Beyond recognizing hazards, you have to correct them or report them to someone who can. This too, is a judgement call. For example, if something spills in your work
area you can probably clean it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled chemical container and you have no idea what it is, you should report it to your supervisor.
 
Additional Employee Responsibilities
Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping your work area safe. For example, you should take a few minutes each day to ensure that aisles, hallways, and stairways in
your work area are not obstructed. If boxes, equipment, or anything else is left to pile up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands. Those obstructions could keep you
from exiting the building quickly and safely should you face an emergency situation.
Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slips and falls. Flammable materials are another thing to be aware of. Make sure they are disposed of properly.
Keep Thinking. Even if you’re doing your job safely and you are avoiding hazards, there are often even better ways to work safely. If you have ideas for improving the
safety of your job or that of co-workers, share them.
Concluding Remarks
While nothing we do can completely eliminate the threat of an incident, we can work together to improve our odds. As I said, this must be a real team effort and I’m
counting on input from all of you. Let’s keep communicating and continue to improve safety.
Available at: <http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/training/ meeting/emplores.html>. Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.
 
 
The fragment ‘all of you have to come together on this issue, or we’re in trouble." is understood as a(n) 
 a) funny joke 
 b) call to action 
 c) violent threat 
 d) ineffective request 
 e) welcome imposition
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/352342
Questão 281: CESGRANRIO - Psico (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
 
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas (O&G) industry compared to men, many women find rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were asked the
same questions regarding their career choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and money.
Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down the great starting salary and a chance to live in New Orleans.
Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our country’s energy solution.
Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil companies recruit. I received a summer internship with Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came to the geosciences department of my university annually and they sponsored scholarships for graduate students to help
complete their research. Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one of these scholarships, my graduate advisor
strongly encouraged me to participate when the time came for O&G Industry interviews.
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Woman 4: I was working for a company in another state where oil and gas was not its primary business. When the company sold its division in the state where I was
working, they offered me a position at the company’s headquarters in Houston managing the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest region. Aftermarket sales
supported the on-highway, construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and gas markets. After one year, the company asked me to take the position of managing their
marine and offshore power products division. I held that position for three years. I left that company to join a new startup company where I hold the position of
president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented geoscientists
and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
 
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
 
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and work on getting projects out the door. My days are never the same, which is what I love about the job I have.
 
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m. (although the official day is shorter). We call the field every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering activities. I work with my team leads on short-term and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of emails and
Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or upcoming work (production optimization, simulation modeling, drilling plans,
geologic interpretation, workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate in a number of broader business initiatives and leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well as other business
relationships abroad. At the office, I am involved in the daily business operations and also stay closely involved in the projects and the sales efforts. On any given day I
am working on budgets and finance, attending project meetings, attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals, evaluating new business opportunities and making a lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On mostdays I work on my computer to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create maps, research local and regional geology or write documents. I go to
project meetings almost every day. I typically work only during business hours, but there are times when I get calls at night or on weekends from a rig or other geologists
for assistance with a technical problem.
Adapted from URL: <http://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=11508>. Retrieved on February 14, 2012. 11
 
 
In Text, according to the answers to the third question in the interview, 
 a) Woman 1 implies that every day is the same for her, since she performs exactly the same tasks routinely. 
 b) Woman 2 complains against her very boring schedule at the office, dealing with strictly technical issues. 
 c) Woman 3 always works off hours and does not get involved with the operations in the field. 
 d) Woman 4 has negotiations with the international branches and gets involved in commercial and technical issues. 
 e) Woman 5 does not need to worry about preparing written materials nor deciding on last-minute technical issues at nights or on weekends.
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Questão 282: CESGRANRIO - CTA (DECEA)/DECEA/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still
 
Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz
 
Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary. A news investigation produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers at Westchester
County Airport sleeping during their shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester Airport, also shows
controllers reading and using laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) bans its controllers from use of cell phones, personal
reading material and electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited anywhere in air traffic control towers.
All of these violations are alarming and dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem. It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers
sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working. The video images showing air traffic controllers
slumped over and sleeping at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a very real one, and means that some
instances of falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their control.
Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling asleep on duty in recent months.
In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011 revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to include additional time for rest between shifts. The FAA:
Raised the minimum amount of time off between work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between shifts
Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control towers during late night and early morning shifts
Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an overnight shift after a day off
These adjustments are a step in the right direction, but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where public safety is
at stake is too important to settle for improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.
Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between day and
night. Research shows that:
People who engage in shift work get less sleep overall than those of us who work more regular hours
Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and chronic disease
The sleep deprivation associated with shift work increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes in high-profile, public-safety related industries like medicine
and law enforcement, as well as air traffic control
In addition to making people more prone to accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a number of negative effects—both physical and 
psychological—that can impair the on-the-job performance of air traffic controllers and other shift workers. Sleep deprivation:
Slows reaction time
Interferes with memory
Causes fatigue
Compromises judgment
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Impairs the ability to retain new information
I think we can all agree that we don’t want the people responsible for guiding our planes to be sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of questionable judgment.
But that’s exactly what being sleep deprived can make them!
It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the rest they need. This can include not just mandating reasonable time
off between shifts, but also giving controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic things that the controllers
themselves—or any shift workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins. Take a nap before work, if need be.
Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep. And caffeine
can interfere with your sleep when you actually want and need to be sleepy.
Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both during your workdays and your days off. It’s not always easy, but shift workers in particular need to build their off-
duty schedules around making sure they get the sleep they need.
Similarly to the recent changes in health care, the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs safely. As this latest
incident at Westchester Airport confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done. And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that progress continues to be
made.
Sweet Dreams,
Michael J. Breus, PhD 
The Sleep Doctor™ 
www.thesleepdoctor.com
Available at: <http://www.theinsomniablog.com/the_insomnia_ blog/2012/03/
air-traffic-controllers-asleep-on- -the-jobstill.html> Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.
 
In Text , the expression downright scary in “Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary.” (line 1) can be replaced, without change in
meaning, by 
 a) faintly alarming 
 b) really encouraging 
 c) not at all terrifying 
 d) a little intimidating 
 e) absolutely frightening
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Questão 283: CESGRANRIO - Psico (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
How To Start A Career In The Oil And Gas Industry:
What Employers Say
 
By Katie Weir
From Talent Acquisition Specialist, Campus
Talisman Energy
How to start your career, step by step
Fix up your resumé – take it to your career centre at your university and they’ll help you.
Write a compelling cover letter that speaks to your best qualities – save the pretentious language for your English papers.
Join a professional association and attend their events – if you feel uncomfortable attending alone, try volunteering at them. By having a job to do, it gives you an
excuse to interact with the attendees, and an easy way to start up a conversation the next time you see them.
Do your research – I can’t stress this enough. I want students to apply to Talisman, not because we have open jobs, but because they actually have an interest in what
we’re doing, and want to be a part of it.
Be confident, but stay humble – it’s important to communicate your abilities effectively,but it’s also important to be conscious of the phrase: “sense of entitlement.”
This generation entering the workforce has already been branded with the word “entitlement,” so students will need to fight against this bias from the very beginning of
any relationship with people in the industry – be aware that you will need to roll up your sleeves and work hard for the first couple years, and you will be rewarded in the
end.
Retrieved and adapted from URL: <http://talentegg.ca/incubator/2010/11/29/how-to-start-a-career-in-the-oil-and-gas-industry -what-employers-say/>. Acess on: February 14, 2012.
 
The main purpose of Text is to 
 a) teach prospective workers how to prepare cover letters to impress employers. 
 b) advise the readers about the importance of researching for open jobs in institutional websites. 
 c) criticize job candidates who are excessively confident and feel that the world owes them something. 
 d) alert the readers to the importance of joining a professional association to have free access to their events. 
 e) list relevant hints for those interested in entering the job market and building a successful professional life.
Esta questão possui comentário do professor no site. www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/220764
Questão 284: CESGRANRIO - APE (EPE)/EPE/Transmissão de Energia/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The Microbial Puppet-Master
by Valerie Ross 
from Discover Magazine: 
Mind & Brain / Memory, Emotions & Decisions
When Timothy Lu was in medical school, he treated a veteran whose multiple sclerosis was so severe that she had to use a urinary catheter. As often happens with
invasive medical devices, the catheters became infected with biofilms: gooey, antibioticresistant layers of bacteria. Now the 30-year-old MIT professor, who first trained
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as an engineer, designs viruses that destroy biofilms, which cause everything from staph infections to cholera outbreaks and that account for 65 percent of human
infections overall.
 
Discover: You started as an electrical engineer. Was it a difficult transition becoming a biologist?
 
Lu: I came into the lab not really understanding how to do biology experiments and deal with chemicals. I’m not a great experimentalist with my hands, and one night I
set the lab on fire.
 
Discover: How does a biofilm work, from an engineering perspective?
 
Lu: A biofilm is essentially a three-dimensional community of bacteria that live together, kind of like a bacterial apartment building or city. Biofilms are made up of the
bacterial cells as well as all sorts of other material — carbohydrates, proteins, and so on — that the bacteria build to protect themselves.
 
Discover: And those communities make bacteria especially dangerous?
 
Lu: Before I started medical school, I didn’t think bacterial infections were a big deal, because I assumed antibiotics had taken care of them, but then I started seeing
patients with significant biofilm infections that couldn’t be cured.
Discover: What is your strategy to destroy biofilms?
Lu: We use viruses called phages that infect bacteria but not human cells. We cut the phages’ DNA and insert a synthetic gene into the phage genome. That gene
produces enzymes that can go out into the biofilm and chew it up.
Discover: If you had just $10 for entertainment, how would you spend your day?
 
Lu: What can you even buy with $10? Maybe I would buy a magnifying glass and just peer around in the soil to see what other life was going on down there. That would
actually be fun.
Available at: <http://discovermagazine.com/2011/sep/05-questions-for-microbial-puppet-master>.Retrieved on: 11 Sep. 2011. Adapted.
 
In Text, Lu reports that his method is successful in 
 a) extracting phages that are infected by a virus that can destroy all enzymes in the bacteria. 
 b) producing an enzyme that is inserted in a genetically marked bacteria to support viruses that live in the biofilm. 
 c) triggering a bacterial infection to the viruses that in turn yield enzymes that potently destroy the biofilm. 
 d) altering a special human-safe virus in order to produce an enzyme that penetrates the biofilm and destroys it. 
 e) inserting a synthetic gene in the phages genome that will affect the production of virus that get organized into biofilms.
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Questão 285: CESGRANRIO - Qui Pet (TRANSPETRO)/TRANSPETRO/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Safety Meeting Presentation
Today’s meeting is really about you. I can stand in front of you and talk about working safely and what procedures to follow until I’m blue in the face. But until you
understand the need for working safely, until you are willing to be responsible for your safety, it doesn’t mean a whole lot.
Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The sole purpose of this agency is to keep American workers safe. Complying
with OSHA regulations isn’t always easy, but if we work together, we can do it. Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason for working safely. Our real motive
is simple. We care about each and every one of you and will do what is necessary to prevent you from being injured.
However, keeping our workplace safe takes input from everyone. Management, supervisor, and all of you have to come together on this issue, or we’re in trouble. For
example, upper management has to approve the purchase of safe equipment. Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that each of you knows how to use that
equipment safely. Then it’s up to you to follow through the task and use the equipment as you were trained. If any one part of this chain fails, accidents are going to
happen and people are going to get hurt.
Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards
At the core of your safety responsibilities lies the task of recognizing safety and health hazards. In order to do that, you must first understand what constitutes a hazard.
Extreme hazards are often obvious. Our hopes are that you won’t find too many of those around here.
There are, however, more subtle hazards that won’t jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety training and meetings like these, some things may come to mind.
For example, a machine may not be easy to lock out. Common practice may be to use a tag. This is a potential hazard and should be discussed. Maybe something can be
changed to make it easier to use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things as frayed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a cluttered aisle, or maybe something
that just doesn’t look right.
Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards
A big part of recognizing hazards is using your instincts. Nobody knows your job as well as you do, so we’re counting on you to let us know about possible problems.
Beyond recognizing hazards, you have to correct them or report them to someone who can. This too, is a judgement call. For example, if something spills in your work
area you can probably clean it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled chemical container and you have no idea what it is, you should report it to your supervisor.
 
Additional Employee Responsibilities
Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping your work area safe. For example, you should take a few minutes each day to ensure that aisles, hallways, and stairways in
your work area are not obstructed. If boxes, equipment, or anything else is left to pile up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands. Those obstructions could keep you
from exiting the building quickly and safely should you face an emergency situation.
Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slips and falls. Flammable materials are another thing to be aware of. Make sure they are disposed of properly.
Keep Thinking. Even if you’re doing yourjob safely and you are avoiding hazards, there are often even better ways to work safely. If you have ideas for improving the
safety of your job or that of co-workers, share them.
Concluding Remarks
While nothing we do can completely eliminate the threat of an incident, we can work together to improve our odds. As I said, this must be a real team effort and I’m
counting on input from all of you. Let’s keep communicating and continue to improve safety.
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Available at: <http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/training/ meeting/emplores.html>. Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.
 
The pronoun “those” in the sentence “Our hopes are that you won’t find too many of those around here.” refers to 
 a) safety responsibilities 
 b) safety and health hazards 
 c) extreme hazards 
 d) our hopes 
 e) more subtle hazards
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Questão 286: CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Administração, ou em Economia, ou em Engenharia, ou em Marketing/Vendas a Rede
Automotiva/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?
 
By Heather Huhman
There’s a debate going on among career experts about which is more important: skillset or mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many positions, does having
the right ones guarantee you’ll get the job?
What if you have the mindset to get the work accomplished, but currently lack certain skills requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith, CEO of Smarterer, and
Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love, recently sat down with U.S. News to
sound off on this issue.
Heather: What is more important to today’s employers: skillset or mindset? Why?
Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come first. The employer absolutely must find people who have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being hired to do.
Programmers have to know how to program. Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and software.
Social media managers must know the tools of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic, personality,
etc.
Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment, many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey cited in the Wall
Street Journal, over 50 percent of companies reported difficulty finding applicants with the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean in this economy – they don’t
have the time to train for those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this question: If you were hiring someone today, which would you pick, B) the
person with the perfect skills and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or A) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick
A. Add to this that 97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than the other way around.
Heather: How do you define skillset?
Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals are rapidly
accumulating these skills, and the tools themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving people a simple, smart way for people to validate their skillset and
articulate it to the world.
Heather: How do you define mindset?
Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the skillset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers can showcase the skills they have by incorporating them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout their professional
and personal brand materials. They should be articulating their skills in their resume, cover letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere they express their
professional identity.
Heather: How can job seekers show they have the mindset employers are seeking throughout the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies we did, which was conducted by an independent statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes, when you look at
who gets the job and who does not:
A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs or including hobbies/interests actually made any difference.
B. The only factor that made the difference was that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume, in a specific
way, were three times as likely to get the job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of these statements, were seven times more likely to get the job, often over
other more qualified candidates.
Available at: <http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices- -
careers/2011/08/26/skillset-vs-mindset-which-will-get-you-the-job>. Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.
 
According to Jennifer Fremont-Smith and Paul G. Stoltz, mindset includes all of the following EXCEPT 
 a) professional qualifications learned in a training program. 
 b) the perspective in which the employee sees his life and what he does. 
 c) the attitude, personality and ways of thinking that may affect one’s life. 
 d) an ethical and moral posture which is the support for one’s actions and thoughts. 
 e) one’s mental attitude towards life which affects how one sees and expresses ideas.
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Questão 287: CESGRANRIO - Psico (PETRO)/PETROBRAS/Júnior/2012
Assunto: Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G
by Jaime Kammerzell From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
 
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas (O&G) industry compared to men, many women find rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were asked the
same questions regarding their career choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and money.
Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down the great starting salary and a chance to live in New Orleans.
Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our country’s energy solution.
Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil companies recruit. I received a summer internship with Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came to the geosciences department of my university annually and they sponsored scholarships for graduate students to help
complete their research. Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one of these scholarships,