ICG2010-book

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Organization
The 22nd International Congress on Glass was organized 
by Associação Técnica Brasileira das Indústrias 
Automáticas de Vidro (ABIVIDRO) in close collaboration 
with the International Commission on Glass (ICG).
www.adeventosbrasil.com.br
www.editoracubo.com.br
www.abividro.org.br
Summary
Associação Técnica Brasileira das
 Indústrias Automáticas de Vidro (ABIVIDRO) ........................... IV
International Commission on Glass (ICG) ................................... V
Opening ............................................................................... VII
ICG Awards .......................................................................... VIII
Scientific Committee ............................................................... X
Invited Speakers .................................................................... XI
Sponsors and support ............................................................ XII
Program ............................................................................. XIII
Opening talk ......................................................................... XIV
Weyl Award talk .................................................................... XV
 Invited and Oral Presentations
 Tuesday, Sept. 21 ............................................................. 3
 Wednesday, Sept. 22 ....................................................... 11
 Thursday, Sept. 23 .......................................................... 37
 Friday, Sept. 24 .............................................................. 55
 Saturday, Sept. 25 .......................................................... 82
 Poster Presentations
 Tuesday, Sept. 21 ........................................................... 91
 Posters #0016-0200
 Wednesday, Sept. 22 ..................................................... 117
 Posters #0201-0359
 Friday, Sept. 24 ............................................................ 145
 Posters #0368-0487
Author Index ....................................................................... 171
- IV - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
Associação Técnica Brasileira das Indústrias 
 Automáticas de Vidro (ABIVIDRO)
www.abividro.org.br
ABIVIDRO gathers sixteen of the most important companies located in Brazil, which 
work closely with the construction market, domestic products, packaging, automobile 
industries, furniture, etc. Founded on April 11th of 1962, this institution aims to promote 
and enhance the use of glass, systematize information from all sectors of the glass 
productive chain, to stimulate the continuous improvement of techniques of this 
industrial activity and to represent it on everything that is of common interest. Modern 
and competitive, the Brazilian glass industry works in concert with the demands of the 
society and actively encourages increased recycling of glass. 
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - V -
- VI - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
Officers
Participating national organisations are represented by two national members on the 
ICG Council. 
The Council elects the administration of the ICG, that is the members of the 
Management Board (President, Vice-President, Executive Secretary, Honorary Treasurer 
and Chair of CTC), Steering Committee and Coordinating Technical Committee (CTC). 
The CTC supervises and coordinates the activities of the various Technical Committees 
(TCs) which carry out applied scientific investigations. 
The TCs report to the CTC which in turn is responsible to the Steering Committee.
Management Board
President Dr Fabiano Nicoletti 
Stevanato Group, Piombino Deve, Italy
Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro, Italy
Vice-President Mr Peng Shou 
China Triumph Int Eng Consultation Co, China 
Chinese Ceramic Society, China
Executive Secretary Prof Peter Simurka
Nábrežná 5, 911 01 Trenčín, Slovakia
Slovak Glass Society, Slovakia
Honorary Treasurer Dr Alicia Durán Carrera
Instituto de Ceramica y Vidrio, Madrid, Spain
Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio, Spain
Chair of CTC Prof Renè Vacher 
Montpellier University, France
Institute du Verre, France
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - VII -
Executive Secretary of the
ICG 2010
Lucien Belmonte
ABIVIDRO
ICG President Fabiano Nicoletti
Stevanato Group, Italy
President of the
ICG2010
Prof. Edgar Dutra Zanotto
Vitreous Materials Lab (LaMaV)
Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
www.lamav.ufscar.br
Opening Ceremony
Weyl Award
John Mauro (USA)
Gottardi Prize
Maria Jesus Pascual (Spain)
President´s award
Günter Frischat (Germany), David Pye (USA) and Helmut Schaeffer (Germany)
Turner Award
Klaus Bange (Germany)
2010 Awards
Round Table
“Glass, energy and environment”
Moderator: Klaus Bange
Speakers: R. Beerkens, TNO (Netherlands)
 “Energy efficiency improvement potentials in glass manufacturing”
 R. Langfeld, Schott (Germany)
 “Glass - A Key Material for Renewable Energy”
 D. Roux, St-Gobain (France)
 “Flat glass for buildings: energy efficiency and opportunities”
- VIII - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
ICG Awards
The ICG offers four awards for advancement of glass science and technology.
WOLDEMAR A. WEYL INTERNATIONAL 
GLASS SCIENCE AWARD
Was established in 1976 by Pennsylvania 
State University in collaboration with the 
ICG in memory of Prof. W.A. Weyl*. It is 
awarded once every three years to an 
outstanding young scientist working in 
glass research.
*formerly affiliated with the Kaiser Wilhelm 
Institute for Silicate Research, Berlin, and 
with the Pennsylvania State University.
1977 P. Schulze (US)
1980 D. Ravaine (FR)
1983 B. Smets (NL)
1986 G. Scherrer (US)
1989 T. Michalske (US)
1992 Y. Watanabe (JP)
1995 E. Pope (US)
1998 S. Sen (UK)
2001 H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem (DE)
2004 M. Dejneka (US)
2007 A. Hayashi (JP)
THE GOTTARDI PRIZE
Initiated in 1987 in memory of Prof. 
V. Gottardi* is awarded annually to young 
people with outstanding achievements 
in the field of glass in research and 
development, teaching, writing...
*former ICG president and affiliated with 
the University of Padua.
1987 P. Fournier (FR) and ex aequo 
 F. Geotti-Bianchini (IT)
1988 A. Duran Carrera (ES)
1989 H. J. Barklage-Hilgefort (DE)
1990 K.Hirao (JP)
1991 D. M. Krol (NL)
1992 M. Guglielmi (IT)
1993 E. D. Zanotto (BR)
1994 R. G. C. Beerkens (NL)
1995 M. Tatsumisago (JP)
1996 R. K. Brow (US)
1997 M. Mennig (DE)
1998 X. Zhao (CN)
1999 K. Nakanishi (JP)
2000 A. Clare (US)
2001 T. Uchino (JP)
2002 J. Deubener (DE)
2003 M. Mika (CZ)
2004 B. Hehlen (FR)
2005 S. Jiang (CN)
2006 K. Tadanaga (JP)
2007 L. Cormier (FR)
2008 K. Fujita (JP)
2009 R. Kedding (DE)
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - IX -
THE TURNER AWARD
Inaugurated in 2002 in memory of Prof. 
W.E.S. Turner*, rewards those who have 
made a noteworthy contribution to the ICG 
Technical Committees.
* first ICG president and founder of 
the Department of Glass Technology at 
Sheffield University.
2002 O. Corumluoglu (TR) 
2003 P. Polato (IT) 
2004 R. M. Brill (US)
 J. M. Parker (UK) 
2005 H. de Waal (NL) 
2006 U. Kircher (DE)
 I. Smith (UK) 
2007 E. Guadagnino (IT) 
2008 R. Beerkens (NL) 
2009 W. Höland (LI) 
THE ICG PRESIDENT’S AWARD
Was established in 1995 to recognise 
outstanding lifetime contributions to the 
international glass community in areas 
such as scientific discoveries, engineering 
developments, artistic accomplishments 
leadership and communications.
1995 A.R. Cooper (US)
 N. J. Kreidl (US)
 J. Stanek (CZ)
1998 M. Cable (UK)
 H. Rawson (UK)
 J. Petzoldt (DE)
2001 G. Fuxi (CN)
 P. Gilard (BE)
 O. Mazurin (RU)
2004 C. Guillemet (FR)
 F. Nicoletti (IT)
 N. Soga (JP)
2007 J. Barton (FR)
 A. Varshneya (US)
 A. Yaraman (TR)
- X - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
ICG 2010 President
Prof. Edgar Dutra Zanotto 
Federal University of São Carlos
www.lamav.ufscar.br
Prof. Alicia Durán
ICV, Spain
Dr. Antonio Tucci
SSV,Italy
Prof. Carlo Pantano
Penn State, USA
Carlos Solier
INTI, Argentina
Prof. Christian Russel
OSI, Germany
Dr. D. Koepsel
Schott, Germany
Dr. Dusan Galusek
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Republic 
Dr. Fabiano Nicoletti
ESV, Italy
Dr. Hervé Arribart
Saint Gobain, France
Dr. Iván A. Cornejo
Corning, USA
Prof. Jianrong Qiu
Zhejiang University, China
Prof. Jun Matsuoka
University of Shiga, Japan
Dr. J. C. Marra
SNRL, USA
Prof. J. M. Parker
Sheffield University, UK
Prof. J.R. Varner
Alfred University, USA
Prof. Kazuyuki Hirao
Kyoto University, Japan
Dr. Michael Dunkl
Schott, Germany
Prof. René Vacher
Université de Montpellier, France
Prof. Rui Almeida
IST, Portugal
Prof. Ruud Beerkens
TNO, Netherlands
Dr. W. Linz
Schott, Germany
International Advisory Board
Edison Toporcov
Wheaton
Fábio dos Santos Bernardo
Saint-Gobain Glass
Marcelo Guerra
Saint-Gobain SEFpro
Mauro Akerman
Escola do Vidro
Samuel M. Toffoli
Poli-USP
Prof. Alicia Duran
ICG 
Dr. Klaus Bange
ICG 
Prof. K. Hirao
ICG
Prof. René Vacher
ICG
José Roberto Martinelli
PhD, IPEN, São Paulo
Luis Carlos Barbosa
Dr., IF-UNICAMP, Campinas
Mauro Luciano Baesso
Dr., DF-UEM, Maringá
Samuel M. Toffoli
PhD, Poli-USP, São Paulo
Valmor Roberto Mastelaro
PhD, IFSC-USP, São Carlos
Younes Messaddeq
PhD, IQ-UNESP, Araraquara
Conference Executive Secretary
Lucien Belmonte 
Abividro, Brazil 
www.abividro.org.br
Local Technical Committee
Scientific Committee
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - XI -
Invited speakers
R. Conradt, Germany 
Thermodynamic modeling of the 
initial and final stages of glass 
corrosion
C. Enss, Germany 
Glasses at ultra-low temperatures: 
interplay of atomic tunneling 
systems and nuclear magnetic 
moments
L. Galoisy, France 
The environment of transition 
elements in oxide glasses
L. Cormier, France
Structural role of nucleating 
elements (Zr, Ti and Ni) during 
glass nucleation: influence on 
physical properties
N. Greaves, UK 
Low poisson ratio perfect glasses 
formed by amorphising zeolites
P. Gupta, USA 
The landscape view of sub-tg 
relaxation in liquids and glasses
R. Hand, UK 
Improving practical glass strength: 
myths and realities
J. Jones, UK 
Bioactive glass and hybrid 
scaffolds for bone regeneration
D. Krol, USA 
New functionalities in glass via 
femtosecond laser writing of 
micro and nano structures
A. Martucci, Italy 
Luminescence and amplified 
stimulated emission in quantum 
dot doped sol-gel waveguides
Y. Ohishi, Japan 
New photonics glasses and 
waveguides for lightwave 
processing
S. Ribeiro, Brazil 
Multifuncionality on silica glass. 
Advanced nanostructured coating
W. Schirmacher, Germany 
Theory of vibrational excitations in 
glass
M. Smith, UK 
Solid state nmr of bioglasses – 
new techniques and applications
S. Tanabe, Japan 
Active glass and ceramic 
materials for green photonics
A. Varshneya, USA 
Review of chemical strengthening 
of glass: lessons learned and yet 
to be learned
T. Kamihori, Japan
Progress and prospect of float 
process technology
C. Pantano, USA
Adsorption reactions and polymer 
interfaces with multicomponent 
glass surfaces
J. Parker, USA
The future of glass education
W. Hoeland, Liechtenstein
Surface or internal nucleation and 
crystallization of glass-ceramics
K. Oda, Japan
Mathematical model of sulfate 
fining in a glass tank furnace
J. Marra, USA
Evaluating the solubility and 
homogeneity of plutonium in an 
alkali borosilicate glass
- XII - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
- XIV - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
Welcome 
Method to organize an international conference
Edgar Dutra 
 
 
 
scar.br
In this talk I will address an empirical method I have used in organizing several conferences 
in the past three decades. This method has been updated continuously over the years and 
the last version has been applied to the present conference: the XXII International Congress 
on Glass.
Once a conference is approved by the executive board, the chairman and his closest 
advisors decide on the main objectives, which in the present case were: “to produce a high-
level, attention-grabbing, perfectly crystallized scientific program in a pleasant venue 
at a reasonable cost.” Then the organizational procedure starts with the establishment of 
the scientific committee and the international advisory board, which proposes a list of topics 
and designate invited speakers. This is followed by contacts with potential sponsors, creation 
of a web site, setup of a local (working) team, visits to and negotiations with hotels and 
conference centers in different venues, compilation of a mailing list (in the present case, 
we created one containing about 3000 valid e-mails of “glass” researchers), open pre-
registration to estimate the number of attendees, a decision about the vehicle to be used 
for publication of selected papers and negotiation with the editorial office, launch of the call 
for abstracts, and receipt and selection of abstracts for a preliminary version of the oral and 
poster programs. These programs must be constantly corrected and updated (in the present 
case we produced seven versions). Proposals then must be sent to potential sponsors, the 
registration fees estimated (a delicate matter), the potential conference attendees have to 
be kept informed about all the conference details – including Visa requirements - sound 
and video infrastructure must be rented; the opening ceremony, decoration, dinners and 
excursions must be organized; the call for (full) papers launched, and finally the book of 
abstracts, badges, banners, certificates, etc. must be prepared. We will show highlights of 
these activities and interesting statistics about the number of e-mails sent and received, 
abstracts submitted, cancellations, participation per country, etc. We will also summarize 
the scientific program.
Although this “brute-force” method relies heavily on the intensive use of Internet facilities, 
it also requires some highly motivated people, from whom it demands considerable energy 
and dedication. However, in an analogy with thermodynamics – which always pushes point 
defects and dislocations in crystals – I have found that, regardless of the methods used, last 
minute cancellations are practically unavoidable. Hence, the resulting scientific program is 
like a real “crystal” – mostly organized but still containing defects –, and this chairman has 
learned once more that he can’t beat thermodynamics!
I dedicate this opening talk to the pioneers who organized the previous ICG, and hope 
that it may be of some help to anyone who is naive enough to contemplate organizing future 
conferences. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all the sponsors; the students, post-
docs and colleagues at LaMaV (Vitreous Materials Lab – Federal University of São Carlos), 
especially professors Ana C.M. Rodrigues and Valmor Mastelaro - who submitted proposals 
to Fapesp and CNPq - and the members of the scientific committee and the international 
advisory board not only for lending their names – which has raised the prestige of this twin 
conference to a very high level – but also for their help and invaluable suggestions. Special 
thanks are due to Luciana Zanotto, Laurie Leonardo, Dr. José Martinelli, the ABIVIDRO team 
and the AD eventos team for the many hours we spent hashing out all the above listed 
details and several non-listed ones over the last 12 months. Last, but not least, I extend my 
deepest thanks to all the attendees; it is you, who have traveled from all the corners of the 
world, that have made this conference possible!
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - XV -
Weyl Award talk 
Recent advances in liquid and glassy dynamics
John C. Mauro
Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA 
mauroj@corning.com
The low temperature dynamics of ultraviscous liquids and glasses have posed an especial 
challenge from both experimentaland theoretical perspectives, owing to the long dynamical 
time scales involved at and below the glass transition. Nevertheless, accurate modeling of 
these dynamics is of crucial technological importance for the glass industry, since precise 
knowledge of the temperature and thermal history dependence of viscosity is vital for glass 
composition research, glass manufacturing processes, and prediction of the aging/relaxation 
behavior of the final glass products. Unfortunately, existing models of liquid and glassy dynam-
ics fail to capture essential details of either state. In this presentation, I revisit the problem of 
supercooled liquid and glassy dynamics from a fundamental physical perspective, employing 
temperature-dependent constraint theory and the energy landscape formalism to derive new 
models for both equilibrium liquid dynamics and the nonequilibrium dynamics of glass. Through 
comprehensive experimental validation using Corning glass compositions, I show that the new 
models offer significant improvements over previous approaches. In addition to the practical 
technological value of these models, there are also important physical implications, including: 
(a) clear evidence against the notion of a Kauzmann entropy catastrophe and dynamic diver-
gence at finite temperature; (b) treatment of the glass transition as a continuous breakdown 
of ergodicity with an associated loss of configurational entropy; (c) the physical origin of liquid 
fragility as a tradeoff between enthalpic and entropic effects; (d) the relationship between 
liquid and glassy viscosities as governed by fragility; and (e) the universality of the fragile-to-
strong transition as interpreted through topological constraint and energy landscape theories.
Keywords: Dynamics; viscosity, glass transition, relaxation, topology, configurational entropy, 
energy landscapes, modeling, nonequilibrium viscosity.
Invited and Oral Presentations
Tuesday, Sept. 21
14:00-16:00 h - Room A: Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Chairman: J. Shackelford
14:00-16:00 h - Room B: Non-oxide & sol-gel . . . . . . . . . . .6
Chairwoman: K. Richardson
14:00-16:00 h - Room Tech.: Education in glass . . . . . . . . .9
Chairman: J. Parker
Wednesday, Sept. 22
8:00-9:45 h - Room A: Structure & Cryst: TC3 & TC7 . . . .11
Chairman: R. Müller
10:00-12:00 - h Room A: Structure & Properties TC 22 . . .14
Chairman: G. Callas
14:00-16:15 - Room A: Structure & Vibrations TC 26 . . . .17
Chairman: B. Hehlen
8:00-9:45 h - Room B: Optically active glasses . . . . . . . .21
Chairman: L.C. Barbosa
10:00-12:15 h - Room B: Optically active glasses . . . . . . .23
Chairman: D. Krol
14:00-16:15 h - Room B: Nastructured sol-gel TC 16 . . . .26
Chairman: R. Almeida
8:00-09:45 h - Room Tech.: Fracture resistant glasses . . .29
Chairman: C. Kurkjian
10:00-12:15 h - Room Tech.: Waste management TC 5 . .31
Chairman: J. Marra
14:00-16:15 h - Room Tech.: Raw materials & Refract. . . .34
Chairman: D. Koepsel
Thursday, Sept. 23
8:00-9:45 h - Room A: Tg & Relaxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Chairman: J. Mauro
10:00-12:15 h - Room A: Thermo & Optical Properties . . .39
Chairman: R. Brow
8:00-9:45 h - Room B: Glass-Ceramics TC 7 . . . . . . . . . .42
Chairman: C. Russel
10:00-12:15 h - Room B: Glass-Ceramics TC7 . . . . . . . . .45
Chairman: J. Deubener
8:00-9:45 h - Room Tech.: Optical Properties . . . . . . . . . .48
Chairman: Y. Messaddeq
10:00-12:15 h - Room Tech.: Bubbles TC14 & 21 . . . . . . .52
Chairman: D. Koepsel
Friday, Sept. 24
8:00-9:45 h - Room A: Glass Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Chairman: J. Schmelzer
10:00-12:15 h - Room A: New Functional . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chairman: B. Aitken
14:00-16:15 h - Room A: Crystallization . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Chairman: E. D. Zanotto
8:00-9:45 h - Room B: Bio Glasses TC 4 . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Chairman: J. Jones
10:00-12:15 h - Room B: Bio Glasses TC 4 . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Chairman: E. Vernè
14:00-16:15 h - Room B: Miscellaneous Properties . . . . . .69
Chairman: M. Baesso
8:00-9:45 h - Room Tech.: New Applications of glass . . . .73
Chairman: J. Martinelli
10:00-12:00 h - Room Tech.: Glass Meeting and Forming .75
Chairman: R. Beerkens
14:00-16:15 h - Room Tech.: Environment and Sust. . . . . .79
Chairman: F. Nicoletti
Saturday, Sept. 25
8:00-9:45 h - Room A: Glass Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Chairman: C. Pantano
8:00-9:45 h - Room B: Electrical Conductors . . . . . . . . . .84
Chairman: J.L. Souquet
8:00-9:45 h - Room Tech.: New Glasses/Blisters TC14 . . .87
Chairman: S. Toffoli
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - 3 -
Invited and oral Presentations
Sept. 21 – 14:00-16:00 h – Room A
Structure (Chairman: J. Shackelford)
0364 | Statistical descriptors for glass structure
James F. Shackelford
University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA, e-mail: jfshackelford@ucdavis.edu
Various probability distribution functions (PDF) have been used to describe various structural features of 
glass. For example, the lognormal PDF has provided a good description of the distribution of interstitial site 
sizes in non-crystalline solids, both metallic and nonmetallic, using both experimental measurements and 
computer simulations. A normal (Gaussian) PDF has been found to be a good description of ring statistics 
of vitreous silica under a wide range of pressures, serving as a sensitive indicator of the onset of plastic 
deformation under high pressure. These and other distributions will be reviewed for the purpose of defining 
general statistical descriptors for glass structure.
Keywords: vitreous, silica, descriptor.
0385 | Statistical description of glass network 
interconnectivity in calcium alumosilcate glasses
Ralf Keding1*, Mette Moesgaard1, Jørgen Skibsted2, Yuanzeng Yue1
1Section of Chemistry, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark, e-mail: keding@bio.aau.dk 
2Instrument Centre for Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) 
Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 AARHUS C, Denmark
Two series of peralkaline glasses with a composition close to the eutectic compositons of anorthite-
wollatsonite-gehlenite and amnorthite-wollasonite-tridymite were synthesized and investigated using 29Si 
and 27Al MAS-NMR. The structure of the glass is described by a network of SiO4/2 and AlO4/2- tetrahedrons 
as network former and Ca2+ ions as charge compensation for AlO4/2
– or as network modifier. Beside the 
separation into bridging oxygen and non-bridging oxygen the 2. coordination sphere is described by a 
combinatorial statistic continuous random network or by a hierarchic random network. The description of the 
network is used to calculate the molar fraction of Si with different first (O) and second (Si or Al) coordination 
sphere. The ratio of the areas of the 29Si NMR resonances of the different coordinated Si specimens is 
assumed to be proportional to the molar fraction obtained from the structural models. The other parameters 
for the peaks attributed to different 29Si specimens is calculated by fitting the measured spectra. The 
quasi heterogeneous modeling approach with a hierarchy in the intermediate range order results in the best 
description of the NMR spectra while the intensities obtained from combinatorial statistic continuous random 
network do not result is a proper fit. This procedure of analysing common 29Si MAS-NMR gives hints, that the 
investigated Ca-alumosilicate glasses are best described by a quasi-heterogeneous intermediate range order.
Keywords: hierarchic random network, Intermediate range order, 29Si MAS NMR, Calcium alumosilicate, 
peralcaline.
0117 | Static and dynamic volume fluctuations in silicate glass – MD study
Ondrej Gedeon1*, Marek Liska2, Alexander Dubcek3
1*Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, 
Czech Republic, e-mail: ondrej.gedeon@vscht.cz 
2Vitrum Laugaricio – Joint Glass Center of Institute of InorganicChemistry SAS, 
3University of Trencin and RONA Lednicke Rovne, Studentska 2, Trencin, Slovak Republic
Potassium-silicate glass was prepared by molecular dynamics under three different regimes (cooling rates, 
simulating box sizes) to study their influence to temperature regimes of volume fluctuations. Partial volume 
fluctuations were introduced with help of Voronoi polyhedra tessellation. Dynamic and static fluctuations were 
suggested as a measure for time- and space-related fluctuations. The glass transition was preceded by the 
parting of the dynamic and static volume fluctuations. The glass transition was identified with the change 
of the temperature cause of the static fluctuations. The dynamic fluctuations changed their temperature 
regimes well below the glass transition and the transition temperature was identified with the change of the 
- 4 - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
Invited and oral Presentations
mobility. Glass transition cages the atoms in similar surroundings and Voronoi polyhedra are definitely shaped 
well below the glass transition temperature. Anharmonic contribution was found to be present even at the 
lowest-temperature.
Keywords: molecular dynamics, voronoi polyhedra, volume fluctuations.
0101 | Spectroscopic phenomenon of IR (0.7-2 μm) 
emission of post-transition elements in different glasses
Evgeny F. Kustov1, Lenar I. Bulatov2, Vladislav V. Dvoyrin2, Valery M. Mashinsky2*
1Moscow Power Institute (Technical University) – Moscow, Russia 
2Fiber Optics Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences – Moscow, Russia, e-mail: vmm@fo.gpi.ru
Active centers (ACs) of post-transition elements (PTEs) (Bi, Sb, Pb, Sn, In, Te, etc.) together with 
surrounding atoms of glass form a new class of optical centers in which spectral transitions occur between 
PTE states of p electrons participating in chemical bonds with atoms of glass environment.
The nature of various glasses (silicate, germanate, and other oxide ones) is reflected in spectral properties 
of PTEs which can serve as a probe for the research of glass network structure. This is based on the fitting 
of experimental optical spectra and theoretical spectra obtained by the developed method of simultaneous 
calculation of the energy of levels and the intensities of transitions between them.
It has been found that for various PTEs and for different, both cations and anions glass networks, the 
absorption and luminescence spectra of PTE ACs are of the same type because they are not determined 
by PTE atomic states, but by molecular orbits of a complex formed by PTE atom and ligands from the first 
coordination sphere, which, in their turn, are under the influence of the structure of the second coordination 
sphere.
Keywords: post-transition elements, active centers, spectra modeling, glass structure probe.
0269 | Structural analysis of bismuth zinc borate glasses 
using high energy x-ray diffraction and 11B MAS NMR measurements
Yasuhiko Benino1*, Kenji Ida1, Shinichi Sakida2, Tokuro Nanba1
1*Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University 
2Environmental Management Center, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 3-1-1, 
Okayama 700-8530, Japan, e-mail: benino@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
Heavy metal oxide containing glasses have been attracted our interest because of their low melting 
character, linear and nonlinear optical functions and crystallization behavior for designing and fabricating 
functional glass and glass-ceramic materials. These properties are closely related to the glass structure, 
e.g. coordination number of network forming cation, and structural analysis is an important approach for 
understanding structural details of the glasses for all the difficulties due to containing heavy elements. In the 
present paper, glass structure of ternary Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses was investigated, in which the coordination 
number of Bi and B atoms were estimated by high energy X-ray diffraction and 11B MAS NMR measurements, 
respectively. For the glass series with constant ZnO contents, the fraction of 4-fold boron atoms, N4, showed 
convex curves, while the average number of oxygen atoms around a Bi atom, nBi-O, decreased continuously 
with increasing Bi2O3 content. Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations were successfully performed using 
constraints based on the experimental results, and the validity of structural units or groups found in the RMC 
glass model were discussed by comparing with those in conventional borate glasses.
Keywords: glass structure, bismuth borate glass, coordination number, high energy X-ray diffraction, 11B 
MAS NMR, reverse Monte Carlo modeling.
0049 | Cation distribution in mixed-alkali phosphate glasses
Jefferson Tscuchida1, José Schneider1*, Hellmut Eckert2
1*Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, e-mail: schnei@ifsc.usp.br 
2Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
The local order and distribution of alkali was analyzed in mixed-alkali metaphosphate glasses AxB1-xPO3, 
with A-B pairs Li-Rb, Na-Rb, Li-Na and Li-Cs, with the aim to identify segregation or random mixture of both 
cation species. These glasses exhibit some degree of mixed-alkali effect in dc conductivity and glass transition 
temperature. A broad set of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques were applied: 31P, 23Na, 7Li 
and 133Cs high-resolution NMR, 23Na Triple-Quantum-MAS NMR, REDOR between 31P, 23Na, 7Li and 
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - 5 -
Invited and oral Presentations
133Cs, 87Rb quadrupolar Carr-Purcel-Meiboom-Gill, and 23Na-NMR spin-echo decay. The structural picture 
emerging from these results reveals the similarity in local environments of each kind of alkali, irrespective 
of the substitution ratio, but also a common subtle structural adjustment: the compression of the oxygen 
environment around the smaller cation of the pair. The linear behavior observed for the chemical shift of 
alkalis indicates mixture of species at atomic scale. However, the 23Na-23Na magnetic coupling reveals 
that this mixing is not statistical, existing a detectable like-cation preference at short range. These structural 
properties are consistent with the so-called Random Ion Distribution Model, indicating that the origin of the 
mixed-alkali effect in the conductivity of these glasses may be explained by structurally blocked ion diffusion.
Keywords: mixed-alkali effect, glass structure, phosphate glasses, nuclear magnetic resonance, 87Rb NMR.
0104 | Combination of advanced solid-state NMR and 
numerical simulation for the study of phosphate glass alteration
Nina Forler, Lionel Montagne*, Laurent Delevoye, Grégory Tricot, Filipe Vasconcelos
Université Lille Nord de France F-59000 Lille – France, Unité de Catalyse et de 
Chimie du Solide, UMR-CNRS 8181, USTL F-59652, e-mail: lionel.montagne@univ-lille1.fr
Glasses need to be highly durable for practical applications. In the case of phosphate glasses, most 
applications require indeed high durability. However, other applications would need low durability glasses, e.g. 
for water treatment, resorbable biomaterials, soil nutrients. Hence, a better knowledge of phosphate glass 
alterations is important to improve their applicability.
We used advanced NMR methods to obtain new information on the alteration mechanism of phosphate 
glasses. Their degradation by water is indeed closely related to the connectivity of their network, which can 
now be probed using homo- and heteronuclear correlation NMR methods. They were applied to simple binary 
glass compositions and also to aluminophosphate compositions.
In a second step, we chose to monitor the glass alteration using 17O NMR in order to obtain complementary 
information. Using this isotope, we were able to label and to reveal the specific sites of attack by the 17O-enriched 
water molecules. As only part of the data was available for 17O NMR of hydroxylated phosphates, we prepared 
17O labeledcrystalline references of these compounds. In a complementary fashion, we performed ab-initio 
DFT calculations to confirm the measured values of the NMR parameters for these compounds. With this 
knowledge, we are now able to predict NMR parameters for unlabelled compounds. Finally, the simulation of 
17O MQ-NMR spectra enabled to obtain quantitative data and to evaluate the kinetics of alteration.
Keywords: glass, phosphate, alteration, NMR, DFT.
0312 | Application of atmospheric microwave plasma to 
glass surface analysis, surface conditioning and coating
Monika Willert-Porada*, Zahra Negahdari, 
Zeljko Pajkic, Andreas Rosin, Daniel Leykam, Thorsten Gerdes
Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffverarbeitung, 95440 Bayreuth
Atmospheric pressure microwave plasma is a versatile tool for surface analysis as well as for coating of 
glass. When glass surfaces are subjected to microwave plasma, a “fingerprint” of volatile oxides is obtained. 
The composition of the volatile materials is analyzed with the help of optical emission spectroscopy, OES. 
Significant differences are found when our new, atmospheric microwave induced plasma method AMIP-OES 
is compared with LIPS, Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy. In the paper the set-up developed for the AMIP-
OES is described and OES analysis results for different glasses are presented along with a discussion on the 
influence of substrate temperature and total gas pressure on the AMIP-OES signals.
In the second part of the paper, utilisation of atmospheric microwave plasma for glass processing will 
be presented. One example will be an atmospheric chemical vapor deposition process (APCVD), again with 
application of OES as a tool to monitor the progress of the glass coating process. In addition, the role of the 
microwave plasma for conditioning of the glass surface in air and in nitrogen as well as for reduction of the 
precursor deposition temperature and for an increase of deposition rates will be discussed.
- 6 - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
Invited and oral Presentations
Sept. 21 – 14:00-16:00 h – Room B
Non-oxide & sol-gel (Chairwoman: K. Richardson)
0116 | Luminescence and amplified stimulated 
emission in quantum dot doped sol-gel waveguides
Alessandro Martucci1*, Paul Mulvaney2
1Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica Settore Materiali, Italy 
2University of Melbourne, Chemistry School & Bio21, Australia
Highly luminescent waveguides have been obtained by doping different kind of sol-gel films (ZrO2-SiO2 
hybrid organic-inorganic, TiO2 and ZrO2) with semiconductor quantum dots (CdSe, CdSe@CdS and CdSe@
ZnS). The nanoparticles have been prepared separately by colloidal chemistry and than mixed with the sol-gel 
matrix solution after surface ligand exchange. The influence of the different sol-gel matrix on the active optical 
properties have been studied. Titania based composites were seen to be inherently photo-unstable due to 
photoelectron injection into the bulk matrix and subsequent nanocrystals oxidation. In comparison, zirconia 
composites were significantly more robust with high photoluminescence retained for annealing temperatures 
up to 300 °C. Both titania and zirconia composite waveguides exhibited amplified stimulated emission (ASE) 
with one-photon optical pumping, however only zirconia based waveguides exhibited long term photostability 
(loss of less than 30% ASE intensity after more than 40 minutes continuous excitation). These waveguides 
showed also ASE with two-photon infrared optical pumping. We conclude that the low electron affinity of 
zirconia and its inherent high refractive index makes it an ideal candidate for nanocrystals based optical 
waveguides.
Keywords: sol-gel, quantum dots, waveguides, photoluminescence, amplified stimulated emission, 
nanoparticles.
0356 | Writing of lithium niobate patterns on sol-gel 
derived Li2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 film surface by laser irradiation
Tsuyoshi Honma*, Takayuki Komatsu
Department of Materials Science and Technology – 
Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan, e-mail: honma@mst.nagaokaut.ac.jp
Laser writing of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal was fabricated on the amorphous thin film surface of sol-
gel derived Li2O-Nb2O5-SiO2. At first, to make heater layer that absorb laser light and convert thermal energy, 
transition metal ion doped silica film was coated on fused silica substrate by dip coat method. After annealing 
Li2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 amorphous layer was fabricated by lithium niobium silicon ethoxide solution coating and 
annealing process. By irradiation of ytterbium fiber laser (l = 1080 nm), laser focal point was crystallized 
immediately. By means of micro Raman spectroscopy, it is cleared that laser induced point consists of LiNbO3 
single phase. Comparing with laser-induced crystallization in bulk Li2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 glass we also discussed 
about crystal orientation and second harmonic generations.
Keywords: lithium niobate, laser irradiation, crystallization, micro Raman spectroscopy.
0128 | Structural chemistry of meso-macroporous functional 
hexagonal tungsten oxide based electrochromic (EC) devices
Yahia Djaoued1*, Subramanian Balaji1, Ralf Brüning2
1Laboratoire de Micro-spectroscopies Raman et FTIR, Université de Moncton – Campus de Shippagan, 
218, boul. J.-D. Gauthier, Shippagan, New-Brunswick, E8S 1P6, Canada, e-mail: djaoued@umcs.ca 
2Physics Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, E4L 1E4, Canada
Tungsten oxide exists in 3 types of crystal structures: i) ReO3 type, ii) metastable hexagonal WO3 (h-WO3), 
and iii) pyrochlore structures. h-WO3 has a very interesting structure, as it can accommodate more Li ions 
when compared with the ReO3 type WO3 structures. This feature of h-WO3 has generated lot of interest in their 
synthesis for applications as host in lithium ion (Li+) batteries. But not many studies have demonstrated their 
applicability in the construction of an EC device. Hence we developed a method to synthesis transparent, 
crack-free, meso-macroporous h-WO3 films up to ~850 nm with a single dipping. Also we have constructed EC 
devices using thus prepared films. As of today, Li+ intercalation mechanism in the h-WO3 has been proposed 
based on the electrochemical methods and XRD. Although, electrochemical methods quantify the amount of 
Li inserted, and XRD reveals the corresponding lattice parameter changes in the h-WO3, both techniques falls 
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Invited and oral Presentations
short of explaining the Li+ insertion sites in the hexagonal framework. In order to overcome this obstacle, we 
employed Raman and XRD to study h-WO3 and the structural changes observed due to the Li
+ insertion. This 
work has provided a new insight into the ion intercalation mechanism into the h-WO3 structure, and a first 
hand experimental evidence for the Li+ occupancy of square windows in the h-WO3 structure. We proved that 
the coloration process in the EC device based h-WO3 is mainly due to Li
+ that occupy hexagonal and square 
windows sites of the h-WO3. This study will potentially influence the characterization methods that have been 
conventionally used to study the Li ion host materials for so many applications as it provides a quick and 
reliable signature of the structural modifications occurring in the ion host materials.
Keywords: meso-macroporous hexagonal tungsten oxide, electrochromic device, lithium intercalation, 
micro-raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, coloration in hexagonal tungsten oxide.
0058 | Progress on the fabrication of on-chip, 
integrated chalcogenide glass (ChG)-based sensors
Kathleen Richardson1*, Laeticia Petit1, Nathan Carlie1, Bodgan Zdyrko1, Igor Luzinov1, 
Juejun Hu1, Anu Agarwal1, Lionel Kimerling1, Troy Anderson1, Martin Richardson1
1*Clemson University, School of Materials Science and Engineering/COMSET, e-mail: richar3@clemson.edu 
2Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MicrophotonicsLab 
3University of Central Florida, College of Optics/CREOL/FPCE
To address the issues of existing chemical sensor technologies, including high cost; large footprint; and low 
sensitivity, we review ongoing progress on the material design, fabrication and performance of chalcogenide 
glass resonators utilizing cavity-enhancement for high sensitivity MIR chemical sensing. Ultra-high-Q optical 
resonance enables sensitive detection of even tiny optical property perturbations (optical absorption and/or 
refractive index change) in the environment of the sensors; allowing improvement of detection limits by an 
order of magnitude over commercial surface plasmonic resonance sensors. The use of CMOS-compatible 
fabrication techniques and incorporation of microfluidcs for analyte delivery, offer a solution which is highly 
robust. We report the results of our recent efforts to optimize device optical performance through glass 
chemistry selection and deposition process optimization, as well as enhancement of structure selectivity to 
fluid- and vapor-based chemical species via composition tailoring of polymer cladding layers, The results of 
recent efforts to translate NIR performance to MIR platform/device geometries are discussed.
Keywords: Chalcogenide glass, infrared, lithography, microfluidics, sensors.
0390 | Effect of CdS in bulk GeS2-Ga2S3-CdS chalcogenide 
glasses to third-order nonlinear optical properties by Z-scan method
Xuan He, Qiming Liu*, Xiujian Zhao
Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials Science and Engneering (Wuhan University of Technology), 
Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, e-mail: qmliu@whut.edu.cn
The third-order optical nonlinearity of GeS2-Ga2S3-CdS chalcogenide glasses was inverstigated using the 
Z-scan technique. The results indicated that the addition of CdS in the glass has obviously impact on the 
value of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. The largest third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the glass 
containing 15% CdS (in mol) has been obtained as 9.17×10-13 esu. The third-order nonlinear response was 
dominantly due to the distortion of electron clouds in the samples.
Keywords: chalcogenide glasses, third-order nonlinearity, Z-scan.
0352 | Low-temperature extrusion molding of oxygen-free fluoride glasses
Peter B. Baskov*, Vadim A. Perezhilin, Vyacheslav V. Sakharov, Valentin V. Shatalov
Scientific – Research Institute of Chemical Technology
Fluoride glasses’ tendency to crystallization seriously limits opportunities of casting methods for efficient 
fabrication of glass ware with high optical and operational properties. The alternative of fluoride glasses 
production is low-temperature glass formation by extrusion molding. High pressure ensures the process at 
temperatures of the lower border of vitrification area (near to vitrification temperatures Tg), far from dangerous 
Tamman zones of crystals’ nucleation and growth.
Low-temperature processes of viscous flow of fluorozirconate, fluorohafnate and fluoroaluminate 
glasses have been studied. The two-level nano-inhomogeneous structure of extruded fluoride glasses was 
established – the bottom level 2-8 nm and the top one 30-150 nm. The technology of forced cold molding 
at high pressures (FCMP) was used for fabrication of thin (1-4 mm) long (0.5-1 m) rods with the polished 
- 8 - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
Invited and oral Presentations
external surface, two-layer performs and other products. Optical losses in a wide spectral range – from UV 
up to middle IR areas – are less than 0.2-0.5 dB/m. Implementation of FCMP deformation processes in 
vacuum provides minimal content of O2- and OH- in glasses, and also prevents the processes of nano- and 
microcrystallization.
Profiled glasses produced by FCMP method expand the nomenclature of optical elements for lens optics, 
laser and measuring optics for UV-IR range. Low-temperature extrusion procedures, such as FCMP, certainly 
increase the possibility of practical use of some other easily crystallized glasses with remarkable but not 
realizable at present properties.
Keywords: fluoride glass, ware, molding at vitrification temperature.
0063 | The square-well model in mean spherical 
approximation as a reference system in variational calculations
Nikolay E. Dubinin1*, Vladimir V. Filippov2
1*Institute of Metallurgyof theUral Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 
Amundsen 101,Ekaterinburg-RUS, e-mail: ned67@mail.ru 
2Ekaterinburg High ArtillerySchool – Shcherbakov 145, Ekaterinburg-RUS
The variational method is widely used for thermodynamic calculations of liquid and amorphous metals. 
Recently, the square-well model (SW) was suggested as a reference system in the thermodynamic variational 
calculations for simple liquid metals for the first time [1]. It was found that the SW-variational procedure gives 
a lower upper bound of the Helmholtz free energy than the hard-sphere-variational procedure. In [1] the SW 
system is taken within the random phase approximation (RPA). It is a shortcoming of the work [1] since the 
SW-RPA solution leads to unphysical behavior of the structure factor at some sets of the SW parameters. 
Progress in this area of investigations can be achieved by using more accurate theories of liquids than the 
RPA, such as the mean spherical approximation (MSA).
Here, we apply the SW-MSA reference system. The semi-analytical solution of the SW obtained in the 
MSA [2, 3] is used. Thermodynamics and structure of pure liquid alkali metals are studied. The local Animalu-
Heine model pseudopotential, the Vashishta-Singwi exchange-correlation function, and the Nozieres-Pines 
exchange-correlation energy are taken for the calculations.
This work is supported by the grant 08-03-00992 of RFBR and the grant 02.740.11.0152 of Russia 
Science.
1. N.E. Dubinin et al., J. Non-Equilibr. Therm., in print (2010).
2. N.E. Dubinin et al., J. Non-Crystal. Solids, 353 (2007) 1798.
3. N.E. Dubinin et al., Cent. Eur. J. Phys., 7 (2009) 584.
Keywords: variational method, square-well reference system, mean spherical approximation.
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - 9 -
Invited and oral Presentations
Sept. 21 – 14:00-16:00 h – Room Tech.
Education in glass (Chairman: J. Parker)
0465 | The future of glass education
John M. Parker
Departament of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Hadfield Building, 
Mappin St., Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK, e-mail: j.m.parker@sheffield.ac.uk
The earlier part of the last century saw the rapid growth of universities and technical schools offering 
courses in glass science and technology. More recently in the developed world the demand from industry 
for glass technologists has declined, and other engineering/scientific skills have been perceived as more 
important. This paper will examine some of the actual and potential responses of our community to such 
pressures, with the goal of ensuring that our knowledge base is maintained and indeed that we can continue 
to be a hothouse for new developments. Various ways of cementing the links between industry, professional 
societies and academia have been tried in the UK and elsewhere; the effectiveness of key examples of such 
approaches will be analysed. Finally some recent developments such as the ICG Summer Schools, now in 
their second year and ICG roadmapping exercises will be outlined.
Keywords: education, ICG, workshops, road maps.
0493 | Glass education without boundaries
William R Heffner1, Himanshu Jain1, Carlo G. Pantano2*
1Lehigh University and 2Penn State University, Pennsylvania, USA 
2NSF International Materials Institute on New Functionality in Glasses
One of the missions of the NSF International Materials Institute on New Functionality in Glasses is to promote 
and facilitate glass education for K-12, undergraduate and graduate students in science and engineering, 
glass engineers and scientists, and the general public. With a goal of making information on glass available 
freely to anyone,anywhere with access to the Internet, a collection of 180 videos has been produced. These 
video lectures were generated through a variety of Invited Lectures, International Conferences, Workshops and 
Schools. A series of demonstrations using ‘candy glass’ is also developed to engage young students in the 
science, engineering and applications of glass through familiar materials, with a hands-on focus, real-science 
experience, and within the resources of a typical public school. Precollege teachers have expressed strong 
interest in adopting these curricular demonstrations for enhancing the learning of chemistry and physics. To 
help draw undergraduates into the field of glass, an international contest was held to generate ideas for new 
glass products and technologies that could be enabled by the development of stronger glass. Also underway 
is a novel concept of cooperative International multi institution team teaching-learning (MITT) at the graduate 
level whereby advanced topics of glass science are taught over the Internet by pooling faculty expertise at 
several universities to teach students at other universities. Finally, glass science is introduced to the general 
public via three unusual programs: ‘Pennsylvania Glass Trail’, ‘New Glass Technology for Artists’, and various 
group events at the local science museum – ‘Da Vinci Science Center’. Selected programs and outcomes will 
be described with the goal of expanding our International glass education and research network.
0386 | Brazilian ceramic society’s glass school
Mauro Akerman1*, Samuel M. Toffoli2
1Consultor Independente 
2 Universidadel de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo – SP
Brazil is a continental country and exhibits a large glass manufacturing sector. ABIVIDRO (Brazilian 
Technical Association of the Automated Glass Producers) congregates 16 associates, among domestic and 
international companies, representing, in 2008, almost 2.3 billion USD, and 12000 direct jobs. In Brazil, 
there is no formal training of technicians or engineers with a solid background in glass technology. Because of 
that, the larger industries usually train their own technical people, whereas the smaller size companies have 
difficulties in putting together adequately formed teams. One of the basic missions of the Brazilian Ceramic 
Society (ABC) is to offer technical training and information exchange. Therefore, to fill the workforce gap, ABC 
started, in 2009, a short-term training program entitled “Glass School”, inviting specialists formed within the 
factories, academic people, and independent consultants, as well as suppliers of materials, equipments, and 
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Invited and oral Presentations
services to be the instructors. The “Glass School” offered 3 different courses in 2009, repeating them (and 
adding 3 more) in 2010, focusing their programs on the most relevant points for the glass manufacturing 
process, what covers since the basic scientific contents to much more technological issues, like furnace 
operation, for example. This paper presents and discusses the structure, contents, and results of the first year 
of existence of the “ABC’s Glass School”.
Keywords: glass school, training, glass technology.
0337 | Lecture on knowledge management on the floor of the glass industry plant
Edison José Toporcov1*, Jorge Muniz Junior2, Carlos Donizetti3, 
Walter Minutti Santalucia Junior4, Edgard Dias Batista Junior5
1Wheaton Brasil Vidros – São Bernardo do Campo – SP 
2Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Campus de Guaratinguetá – SP 
3Faculdade de Engenharia Industrial – São Paulo 
4Wheaton Brasil Vidros – São Bernardo do Campo – SP 
5Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP – Campus de Guaratinguetá – SP
The lecture purposes to expose experiences, methodologies and techniques for knowledge sharing, 
specifically involving the knowledge of the professional glassmaker in the “shop floor”.
Will be presented lessons learned from the evaluation process based on knowledge (PAI-C), for the 
diagnosis of the needs of professionals in order to aim at Knowledge Management, Production and Labor 
Organization.
Highlights discusses the experiences of the Technical and Operational Training Center (CTTO), using 
techniques that promote meetings of skilled and not skilled glassmakers, “silver hairs”, to share knowledge, 
discuss quality deviation, process improvement and labor glass training.
Tools such as “storytelling,” integration with the “silver hairs”, implementation of the “SECI”, application 
of Andragogy, not classical Pedagogy in operational training, are part of the creation of favorable environment 
that will be addressed in this work.
Keywords: andragogy, glassmaker, knowledge management, SECI, silver hairs, storytelling.
0490 | Glass research and education in Brazil
Ana Candida M. Rodrigues*, Edgar Dutra Zanotto
Universidade Federal de São Carlos – Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais, 
São Carlos – SP, Brazil, e-mail: acmr@ufscar.br
We present an overview about glass research and education in Brazil. We list the active research groups in 
Brazil focused on glasses, and especially which research topics are presently covered by these groups. Besides, 
we describe which glass related topics are currently being taught at Brazilian universities at undergraduate 
and graduate levels. The steady evolution of the number of academic papers related to glasses published by 
Brazilian researchers will also be discussed. Finally, we propose that it is important to improve the interaction 
between academic research groups and industry.
Keywords: glass education, glass research, research and industry.
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - 11 -
Invited and oral Presentations
0442 | The school of glass implementation: the tool to develop employees
Flávio Cavalcanti de Oliveira Lopes*, Catarina Maria Câmara Uchoa, 
Tereza Helena S. Cavalcanti Taraziuk
Companhia Industrial de Vidros – CIV – Engenho São João, S/N – Recife – PE
The Industrial Glass Company – CIV, is a Brazilian company with over 50 years, 100% national capital, and 
installed capacity of 1000 tons of glass for day.
The School of Glass was created to develop in the employees a deeper awareness of the process of glass 
production. We aim at covering 100% of the employees in the period of four years, having everyone share the 
same level of knowledge with a focus on quality of production.
The program also exists to meet the needs of training centers for this factoring process in the region, 
since it is no mean feat to find a glass worker in our market. Besides that, the school aims at unifying the 
technical jargon among the different departments of the company. The pedagogical method was structured 
in four levels of training.
•	 Module	–	Notions	of	Glass	 Technology	–	Basic	overview	 for	 three	hours	 for	 employees	who	have	no	
experience/knowledge in glass companies.
•	 Module	–	Glass	technician	–	Training	aimed	at	glass	technicians,	who	do	not	yet	hold	a	bachelor’s	degree	
but are involved in the production process, even though they do not have deeper experience/knowledge 
in the area. It is a 20-hour course and the syllabus content includes the History of glass, structure and 
properties, raw materials, preparation of the composition, fusion, conformation, quality and recycling, 
besides presenting an overview of the glass industry in Brazil and in the World.
•	 Glass	 Technician	Seminar	 –	 Program	developed	 for	 employees	who	 have	 practical	 knowledge	 in	 the	
process of glass production, lasting up to four days and with themes that are selected according to a 
needs analysis.
•	 Technician-focused	Module	–	Taught	according	to	the	specific	needs	of	each	area,	focused	on	technical	
employees who already have wide experience and extensive knowledge in the area.
In the three training areas, the pedagogical guidance team will be in change of facilitators who are selected 
from insideCIV (the company) itself, as well as hired consultants.
Keywords: school, glass, technology, CIV, knowledge, seminar, company.
Discussion of previous talks and synopsis.
Sept. 22 – 8:00-9:45 h – Room A
Structure & Crystallization TC3 & TC7 (Chairman: R. Müller)
0496 | Structural Role of Nucleating Elements (Zr, Ti and Ni) 
 During Glass Nucleation: Influence on Physical Properties
Laurent Cormier*, Olivier Dargaud, Nicolas Menguy, Aymeric Dugué, Marie Guignard, 
Laurence Galoisy, Georges Calas
Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés, Universités Paris 6 et 7, IPGP and CNRS, 140 Rue 
de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France; Laurent.cormier@upmc.fr
Glass–ceramics are commonly made by forming glasses and applying a controlled heat treatment, to cause 
crystalline nucleation in the glassy matrix. Zirconium, titanium or nickel may act as an efficient nucleating 
agent, which promotes controlled bulk nucleation. We present a review of some recent results obtained 
on the structural modifications induced by the introduction of ZrO2, TiO2 or NiO in MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses 
and their changes during nucleation. Original information on the local structure of the pristine glasses has 
been obtained by a combination of X-ray and neutron wide-angle scattering coupled to Reverse Monte Carlo 
simulations, EXAFS and XANES spectroscopy, providing detailed structural information on the initial glass at 
atom-level details. They show unusual coordination and/or site sharing of the nucleating agents and structural 
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Invited and oral Presentations
fluctuations characteristic of the medium range structure of the pristine glass. These fluctuations may play a 
major role in the nucleation process, by minimizing the energy barrier of the glass to crystal transformation. 
The formation of crystallites has been observed with Transmission Electron Microscopy, and in-situ XRD 
has also been used to monitor the kinetics of appearance of crystals in Zr-bearing glasses. Eventually, the 
change in the coloring role of Ni during the nucleation process has been investigated by diffuse reflectance 
spectroscopy. All thesse data show that original processes at short and medium range scales govern the 
glass-to crystal transformation, in the pristine glass as well as during crystalline nucleation.
Keywords: glass structure, glass nucleation, structure/property relationships, EXAFS, XANES, transmission 
electron microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy
0219 | Atomistic modeling of crystallization process
Akira Takada
Research Center, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd, 1150Hazawa-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8755 Japan, 
University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, UK, Institute of Industrial Science, 
University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, e-mail: akira-takada@agc.co.jp
Computer simulations such as molecular dynamics and reverse Monte Carlo methods have been revealing 
new insights into medium range order, surface structures, and dynamical changes in local structures. 
However, it is still a great challenge to develop a new atomic modeling technique that enables investigation 
of the crystallization process. A major obstacle is that it is very difficult to crystallize glass materials through 
quenching by ordinary molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods except the crystallization of very simple 
structures. To overcome this problem new techniques for investigating crystallization process are developed 
and applied to silica and silicate glasses in this study. First, homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation 
is discussed in terms of the sequentially irreversible change of atomic structures. Next, cooperative atomic 
motions and their structural orderings are interpreted in terms of thermodynamics, that is, focused on the 
change of internal energy and entropy. Finally, the future prospect of atomic modeling of crystallization is 
discussed.
Keywords: glass structure, crystallization, computer simulation, silica glass, silicate glass.
0073 | Effect of neodymium and molybdenum addition on the structure and 
crystallization tendency of a SiO2-Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3 glass
N. Chouard1,2*, D. Caurant1, O. Majérus1, J-L. Dussossoy2, R. Baddour-Hadjean3, J-P. Pereira-Ramos3
1Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (UMR CNRS 7574), ENSCP Chimie-Paristech, 
11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75231 Paris, France, e-mail: nolwenn-chouard@chimie-paristech.fr 
2CEA, DEN, DTCD, SECM, Laboratoire d’Etude et Développement des 
Matrices de Conditionnement, Marcoule, 30207 Bagnols-sur-cèze, France 
3Groupe Electrochimie et Spectroscopie des Matériaux (UMR CNRS 7182), Institut de 
Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est, 2-8 rue Henry Dunant 94320 Thiais, France
Neodymium and molybdenum are two chemical elements of big interest in nuclear glasses since they 
both present high concentrations in fission products coming from high discharge burn-up nuclear spent fuel. 
Consequently, during glass melt cooling, they may induce liquid-liquid phase separation and crystallization of 
apatite Ca2Nd8(SiO4)6O2 and powellite CaMoO4 phases that may lead to a modification of the expected glassy 
matrix properties (chemical durability, self-irradiation resistance…).
This work is an attempt to rely glass structure and crystallization tendency, by studying, for a simplified 
aluminoborosilicate glass belonging to the system SiO2-Na2O-CaO-Al2O3-B2O3, the effect of neodymium 
(from 0 to 16 wt% Nd2O3) and molybdenum (from 0 to 7 wt% MoO3) addition on the competition between 
the crystallization of apatite and powellite (both phases contain calcium and powellite can incorporate 
neodymium). In this paper, we present the main results, on one hand on the crystallization tendency of this 
glass, obtained by XRD (at room temperature and at high temperature) and SEM, after two kinds of thermal 
treatments: a controlled cooling from the melt and a thermal treatment of nucleation and growth. On the 
other hand, the structure of the same samples before and after crystallization is studied by Raman and 
neodymium optical spectroscopies.
Keywords: nuclear glasses, nucleation and growth, apatite, powellite, rare earth, molybdenum, glass 
structure.
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - 13 -
Invited and oral Presentations
0057 | Multispectroscopic study of a rare-earth rich 
aluminoborosilicate glass with relationship to its crystallization properties
Daniel Caurant1, Odile Majérus1*, Arnaud Quintas1, Isabelle Bardez1,2, Pascal Loiseau1, 
Thibault Charpentier3, Philippe Vermaut4, Jean-Luc Dussossoy2
1Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (UMR-CNRS 7574) – 
ENSCP (Chimie-ParisTech) – 75231 Paris, France, e-mail: odile-majerus@chimie-paristech.fr 
2Laboratoire d’Etudes et Développement de Matrices de Conditionnement – 
DEN/DTCD/SECM, CEA Marcoule – Bagnols-sur-Cèze, 30207, France 
3CEA, IRAMIS, Service Interdisciplinaire sur les Systèmes Moléculaires et 
Matériaux - CEA Saclay – 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 
4Groupe de Métallurgie Structurale, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Surfaces 
(UMR CNRS 7045) – ENSCP (Chimie ParisTech) – 75231 Paris, France
In order to increase the nuclear waste load in containment glasses, new glass formulations are studied 
with respect to their physical properties, thermal stability and chemical durability. The chemical complexity 
of these multicomponent glasses has to be taken into account in order to get an appropriate understanding 
of the crystallization properties. In this work we studied the structure of a SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3-Na2O-CaO-ZrO2-
RE2O3 glass derived from a new nuclear glass composition (RE2O3 with RE = Nd or La is taken as a structural 
simulant of minor actinides and lanthanides from the wastes), by using a multispectroscopic approach on 
systematic glass series with a varying chemical parameter. For instance, the RE2O3 content, the Na2O/Al2O3 
ratio, the Na2O/CaO ratio and theB2O3 contents were varied in order to get insight into the structural role of 
the RE ions, the distribution of Na+ ions and charge compensation mechanisms in the glass. MAS NMR 11B, 
29Si, 27Al and 23Na spectroscopy as well as Raman and Nd LIII- or K-edge EXAFS were the complementary 
structural tools. The crystallization tendency of the glasses was systematically assessed by the mean of a slow 
cooling from the melt followed by XRD, TEM or SEM and correlation with structural features can be drawn.
Keywords: glass structure, aluminoborosilicate, rare-earths, MAS NMR, EXAFS, crystallization.
0127 | 10B NMR studies of borate glasses and crystals
Steve Feller*1, Jack Berkowitz1, Michael McConnell1, Kevin Tholen1, Mario Affatigato1, Steve 
Singleton1, Tiffany Myers1 , Steve W. Martin2, Diane Holland3, Mark Smith3, Tom Kemp3
1Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, USA, e-mail: sfeller@coe.edu 
2Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA 
3University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
Pulsed experiments were used with a field sweep magnet (main field at 7 T) to obtain the full 10B NMR 
spectra from a series of borate glasses and related crystals. These spectra then were fitted using the quadruple 
interaction extended to third order perturbation theory. Distributions of the quadruple coupling constant (CQ) 
and asymmetry parameter (η) were also found . Experimental data for vitreous boron oxide (both slow and 
rapidly cooled), vitreous and crystalline cesium triborate, vitreous cesium diborate, crystalline potassium 
diborate, crystalline lithium metaborate, crystalline lithium orthoborate, and vitreous cesium enneaborate 
have been fitted to yield their quadrupole parameters. The asymmetry parameter (h) is particularly sensitive 
to differences in the environments of three-coordinated borons placed in differing intermediate range order 
positions.
Keywords: NMR, structure, 10B, distributed quadrupole parameters.
0034 | Structural order parameters, relaxation and crystallization
Juern W. P. Schmelzer1*, Ivan Gutzow2
1Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany, e-mail: juern-w.schmelzer@uni-rostock.de 
2Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
Crystallization processes in glass-forming melts occur most frequently in a range of temperature and 
pressure overlapping the glass transition interval. Here the characteristic times of change of the external 
parameters are of the same order of magnitude as the relaxation times of the glass-forming melts. In this 
range of thermodynamic control parameters, employing the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, 
additional structural order parameters like fictive temperature and fictive pressure have to be introduced 
into the description. These parameters describe the current structure of the melt and, in this way, its effect 
on crystallization. In the present contribution, first, a general thermodynamic definition of fictive pressure 
and fictive temperature is presented. Second, an explanation of relaxation behavior proportional to the 
square root of time and the origin of the Kohlrausch relaxation law is developed. Finally, it is discussed how 
differences in the structure of the glass-forming melt – described by a set of structural order parameters – 
- 14 - Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010
Invited and oral Presentations
may affect crystallization processes via their effect on the thermodynamic (bulk and surface) properties (both 
of the ambient and newly evolving crystal phases) and the kinetic parameters (like relaxation times, diffusion 
coefficients or viscosity) of the glass-forming melt.
Keywords: relaxation, structural order parameters, fictive pressure, fictive temperature, crystallization.
Sept. 22 – 10:00-12:00 h – Room A
Structure & Properties TC 22 (Chairman: G. Callas)
0311 | The environment of transition elements in oxide glasses
Laurence Galoisy*, Georges Calas, Laurent Cormier
Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés (IMPMC), 
Université Paris VI and Paris VII, IPGP and IRD, 140 rue de lourmel 75015 Paris, FRANCE
The compositional dependence of the glass coloration and the local environment of transition elements is 
followed using various spectroscopic techniques. Ni, Zn, Zr and Mo, present a good illustration of the diversity 
of local structures in oxide glasses. The coordination numbers of transition elements in glasses are often lower 
than those in crystalline compounds. 4-fold sites correspond to a network-forming position in Ni and Zn, but 
also indicate the presence of polyanions, structurally independent of the network. The charge compensation 
of the tetrahedral cation by alkalis and/or alkaline-earths is important for rationalizing glass stability. Original 
5-fold site for Ni, may explain the origin of the peculiar coloration of most Ni-bearing glasses. 6-fold site 
may be encountered in some compositions, in relation with the presence of B. Ni-bearing, low-alkali borate 
and borosilicate glasses exhibit colors ranging from green to yellow, related to the presence distorted [6]Ni, 
indicating the presence of defective NiO clusters. Zr, is generally encountered in regular octahedra, an unusual 
coordination seldom encountered in anhydrous minerals. A molecular scale approach helps understand the 
origin of the peculiar physicochemical properties provided by the presence of Zr in glasses, e.g. the resistance 
to alteration or the formation of glass ceramics. All these examples will show how transition elements illustrate 
the structure-property relationships in oxide glasses.
Keywords: UV-visible, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, transition elements, local structure, oxide glasses.
0218 | Prediction of structure-property 
relationship in glasses based on numerical simulation
Akira Takada
Research Center, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd, 1150Hazawa-cho, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8755 Japan, 
University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, UK, Institute of Industrial Science, 
University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, e-mail: akira-takada@agc.co.jp
Numerical simulation is more and more growing as a very powerful tool to explain the structure-property 
relationship in glasses. The key factor lies in constructing a bridge between microscopically estimated atomic 
configurations and macroscopically observed properties. Each property of interest has to be analyzed with its 
own proper recipe for simulation techniques. In this paper a variety of properties such as thermal, transport, 
spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and optical properties are estimated based on simulated structure in silica 
glass, silicate glass or B2O3 glass employing various simulation techniques. Finally, the future prospect of 
structure-property relationship by numerical simulation is discussed.
Keywords: glass structure, glass property, computer simulation, silica glass, B2O3 glass, silicate glass.
INVITeD
SPeAKeR
Salvador, BA, Brazil – September 20-25, 2010 - 15 -
Invited and oral Presentations
0415 | Structural role of Zr as a nucleating agent in silicate glasses
Olivier Dargaud1,2*, Laurent Cormier1, Laurence Galoisy1, Nicolas Menguy1, 
Georges Calas1, Cécile Jousseaume2, Gilles Querel3
1Insitut de Minéralogie et de physisque de la Matière Condensée, 
140 Rue De Lourmel, Paris 75015, France, e-mail: olivier.dargaud@impmc.upmc.fr 
2Saint-Gobain Recherche, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, Aubervillier 93303, France 
3Saint-Gobain Northboro Research and Development Centre, Goddard Road, Northborough 01532-512 MA, USA
The nucleation control of a glass matrix is mainly achieved using nucleating agents such as ZrO2 or 
TiO2, that precipitates promptly upon heating. From a fundamental point of view nucleation is still poorly 
described by theory [1] and little is known about the evolution of the structural environment of the nucleating 
elements in the parent glass and its modification during nucleation. A major property of Zr is that it adoptsa 
peculiar coordination of 7-fold in MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses [2] by contrast to alkali glasses in which it occurs 
in a regular 6-fold coordination [3]. The peculiar organization around Zr relative to Zr and Si next nearest 
neighbors explains the role of this element as a precursor of further structural transformations leading to 
crystal nucleation [4].
The local structure of Zr will be analysed in various glasses of general composition XnO-Al2O3-SiO2 and 
YnO-Al2O3-SiO2, where X is Li or Na and Y, Mg, Zn or Ca. Structural properties are obtained using X-ray 
absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at both Zr-K and -L edges. They will be compared to the nucleating ability of 
Zr in each system and more generally to the thermal evolution of the glass followed by high performance 
DSC. Establishing structure-property relationships will help in the prediction of the nucleating role of Zr in new 
matrices.
1. Fokin, et al. JNCS, 352, p. 2686, 2006
2. Dargaud, et al. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93, 2, p. 342, 2010
3. Ferlat, et al., Physical review B, vol. 73, no. 214207, p. 1, 2006
4. Dargaud, et al. Submitted, 2010
Keywords: nucleation, structure-property relationships, XAS, HRTEM.
0191 | Network topology and diffusion in soda lime borate glass systems
Morten M. Smedskjaer1*, John C. Mauro2, Sabyasachi Sen3, Yuanzheng Yue1
1*Section of Chemistry, Aalborg University, Denmark, e-mail: morten04@bio.aau.dk 
2Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA 
3Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, USA
In this paper, we have investigated the structure, transport properties, and network topology of the borate 
glass series (in mol%): (89-x)B2O3	−	 xNa2O	−	10CaO	−	1Fe2O3 with x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 
35. By using a temperature-dependent topological constraint model, we have predicted the scaling of the 
glass transition temperature, fragility, and boron speciation with composition (x). Experimental results are in 
good agreement with the predicted ones, and this provides insights into the correlation between the glassy 
dynamics and the structure of soda lime borate glasses. Through this correlation, we attempt to clarify the 
origin of the correlation between the inward cationic diffusion and the glass composition. The inward cationic 
diffusion is induced by reducing ferric ions to ferrous ions in the glasses near the glass transition temperature. 
The extent of inward diffusion varies with composition and this variation depends on the boron speciation 
and the electrostatic environments of the involved modifying ions. This work also provides information on the 
microstructural origin of fragility of oxide liquids.
Keywords: borate glasses, diffusion, network topology, topological constraint model, boron speciation, 
fragility, glass transition.
0287 | New raman scattering investigations in silica: 
relaxation monitoring at high temperatures
Maggy Dutreilh-Colas1,2,3 Miriam Chligui,1,2 A. Canizarès,1,2 N. Raimboux,1,2 Y. Vaills,1,2 P. Simon1,2*
1C.N.R.S UPR 3079 C.E.M.H.T.I, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2-F 
2*Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2- F, e-mail: simon@cnrs-orleans.fr 
3now at SPCTS, CNRS UMR 6638, Université de Limoges, 123 rue A. Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex-F
The topology of the silica network is rather simple, allowing to probe small structural effects, as those 
due to relaxation under annealing in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature, i.e. change of fictive 
temperature. Direct investigations are difficult due to the considered temperature range (1000-1400 °C). For 
Raman scattering the main problem is thermal emission, which masks the vibrational information. A time-
resolved Raman device was used to reject this black body-like contribution. The time dependence at constant 
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Invited and oral Presentations
temperature was then obtained, for temperatures from 1400 °C down to 1100 °C, during relatively long 
times (some days for the lowest temperatures). A continuous monitoring of the Raman spectrum was done 
(1spectrum/minute). The great number of collected spectra gives a very good statistics, allowing to display the 
smooth structural changes due to relaxation and change of fictive temperature, and to measure the relaxation 
times. These relaxation times are somewhat longer than expected through existing models or estimations.
Besides this, new detailed room-temperature Raman measurements on silica will be reported, which could 
help to a better understanding of the low-frequency dynamics.
Keywords: raman, silica, relaxation, high temperature.
0289 | Brillouin and raman investigations in binary heavy 
alkali silcate glasses (Rb2O-SiO2 and Cs2O-SiO2)
M. Chligui*, A. Canizarès, N.Raimboux, Y. Vaills, P. Simon
C.N.R.S UPR 3079 C.EM.H.T.I, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2-F, 
Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2-F, e-mail: miriam.chligui@cnrs-orleans.fr
In this study, we are interested in heavy binary alkali glasses, Rb2O-SiO2 and Cs2O-SiO2, for a better 
understanding of the specificities of the heavy cations on the silicate network.
Twenty compositions R2O-SiO2 (R = Cs, Rb) between 5 and 36 % have been elaborated and analyzed by 
Raman and Brillouin spectroscopies. The hygroscopic character of the high alkali compositions needs some 
precautions but does not preclude vibrational studies.
The Raman spectra deconvolutions show some specific features for these glasses. At low wavenumbers, 
a Voigt function must be added in the spectral range of the boson peak region in cesium glasses, and two 
such Voigt functions for rubidium glasses, denoting some localized vibrations of heavy ions in their oxygen 
surrounding. This has still not been observed in other binary alkali glasses of silicates. In the immediately 
subsequent spectral range (50-650 cm-1) dominated by SiO4 bending modes, the ratio of Cs over Rb Raman 
spectra is practically wavenumber-independent for x compositions lower than 10% : this shows that then 
the silicate networks and the connections between tetrahedral are practically identical in Cs and Rb glasses.
Besides this, more macroscopic investigations have been undertaken by Brillouin scattering, to probe the 
elastic properties of these glasses from room temperature up to the Tg range. We have observed relaxation 
phenomena in the glasses blow the glass transition.
Keywords: raman, billouin, relaxation.
0329 | Infrared emission spectroscopy of silicate and borate glasses up to 1500 °C
Cristiane N. Santos1*, Domingos de S. Meneses1,2, Patrick Echegut1
1CNRS, UPR3079 CEMHTI, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071, 
Orléans cedex 2, France, e-mail: cristiane.n.santos@cnrs-orleans.fr 
2Université d’Orléans, Polytech-Orléans, Avenue du Parc Floral, BP 6749, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France
Silicate and borate glass compositions are among the most studied systems due to their optical and 
physicochemical properties, with applications varying from industrial use to scientific development. The optical 
properties at ambient conditions have been largely investigated when compared to their features at elevated 
temperatures. In emissivity measurements, high-precision spectrometers and the accurate knowledge of the 
surface temperature are some of the key aspects to be taken into account when developing such challenging 
experiments. We have performed reliable in-situ emissivity measurements using a home-made apparatus 
composed of two spectrometers, a black-body reference and a CO2 laser as the heat source. The laser ensures 
a homogeneous heating and melt stability up to 1500 °C during the data acquisition while maintaining a 
relatively cold environment. The optical complex functions of the studied compositions were obtained from 25 
to 20000 cm–1 by applying a dielectric function model [1]. All emissivity spectra were compared to the ones 
at ambient temperature obtained by the indirect method using the reflectivity