AVALIAÇÃO SYNTAX OF MODERN ENGLISH

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AVALIAÇÃO – SYNTAX OF MODERN ENGLISH
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In an article entitled “A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts” (1979), Searle uses the three factors – illocutionary
force, direction of fit, and expressed psychological state – as the basis for classifying all speech acts. He
identifies six classes. Mark the correct alternative:
Resposta Marcada :
Directives; Commissives; Representatives; Expressives; Verdictives; Declaratives.
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When performing a speech act indirectly, we are actually performing two speech acts at the same time:
Resposta Marcada :
The literal, or explicit speech act, which is secondary, and the nonliteral, or implicit speech act, which is primary.
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Complete the sentence correctly. An important means of accounting for the function of language in context,
developed within the philosophy of language, is _____________. The first writer on this topic was the
British philosopher J.L. Austin, whose Harvard lectures were published in a book entitled How to Do Things
with Words (1962).
Resposta Marcada :
Speech act theory.
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Consider the following short conversation:
Speaker A: Do you have any money?
Speaker B: I have a ten-dollar bill.
Resposta Marcada :
Speaker A would make the implicature that Speaker B has only ten dollars. However, if B has more than ten dollars,
he or she is not uttering a false statement, but one that flouts the maxim of quantity.
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Requests and orders tend to be especially threatening, since the speaker expects the hearer to comply with
his/her wishes. To “soften” these speech acts, and simultaneously to enhance the chance of the hearer’s
compliance, speakers often employ politeness strategies. These may be of two types:
Resposta Marcada :
Positive politeness strategies and Negative politeness strategies.
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The cooperative principle and conversational implicature. Most importantly, there is an appropriateness
condition on language use in general which is in force. This condition was identified by the philosopher
Paul Grice (1989a, 1989b) and termed the:
Resposta Marcada :
Cooperative principle.
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It’s a Positive Politeness phrase:
Resposta Marcada :
Well, first of all, this is so gracious of you to do.
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Components of speech acts. Austin argues that every utterance can be understood as consisting of three
parts:
Resposta Marcada :
1. a locutionary act.; 2. an illocutionary act; 3. a perlocutionary act.
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Information is specific if it denotes a particular entity in the real world, while it is nonspecific if it
denotes no particular entity in the real world. Identify the underlined phrase as
specific:
Resposta Marcada :
Tomorrow I’m going to polish the car.
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These syntactic structures provide means to structure information in different ways; we will find that
discourse functions are to some extent matched with syntactic form. Fronting consists of:
Resposta Marcada :
The movement of a word, phrase, or clause to the beginning of the sentence, as in the underlined NPs.
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