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Asignatura: Inglés Nivel III (virtual) 
UNIDAD 6: REVISIÓN DE TIEMPOS VERBALES (PRESENTE, PASADO Y FUTURO) – REVIEW 
OF TENSES (PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE) 
 
 Desarrollo de contenidos 
CLASE 1 
6.1. Presente (Present) 
6.1.1. Presente Simple (Present Simple) 
The Present Simple is one of the most common tenses in English. 
It can refer to the present (now), but it can also refer to all time and regular time (permanent 
situations and habits). 
I want a cup of tea = now 
The sun rises in the east = all time 
I play tennis on Sunday mornings = regular time 
• Form 
 
Affirmative and negative 
I 
We 
You 
They 
 
work 
don’t work 
 
 
 
 
hard. 
 
 
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He 
She 
It 
works 
doesn’t work 
 
 
 
Question 
 
 
 
Where 
 
 
do 
I 
we 
you 
they 
 
 
 
live? 
 
does 
he 
she 
it 
 
• Use 
The Present Simple is used: 
1. to express an action that happens again and again, that is, a habit. 
I go to work by car. 
She smokes ten cigarettes a day. 
2. to express a fact which is always true. 
Rolf comes from Germany. 
Some birds fly south in winter. 
3. to express a fact which stays the same for a long time (a state). 
 
 
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He works in a bank. 
I live in a flat near the centre of town. 
 
• Adverbs of frequency 
1. We often use adverbs of frequency with the Present Simple 
 
 
 
 
2. They go before the main verb. But after the verb to be. 
 
I usually go to bed at 11.00. 
(Adverb of frequency + main verb) 
 
He is never late for school. 
(Main verb: to be + adverb of frequency) 
 
6.1.2. Presente Continuo (Present Continuous) 
 
• Form 
 
Affirmative and negative 
I am (‘m) 
am not (‘m not) 
 
 
 
Eating 
He 
She 
It 
is (‘s) 
is not (isn’t) 
0% --------------------------------------------- 50% --------------------------------------------- 100% 
never rarely not often sometimes often usually always 
 
 
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We 
You 
They 
are (‘re) 
are not (aren’t) 
 
 
Now, it’s time to focus on the interrogative structure: 
 
Question 
 
 
 
 
What 
am I 
 
 
doing? 
is he 
she 
it 
are we 
you 
they 
 
• Use 
The Present Continuous is used: 
1. to express an activity that is happening now. 
Don’t turn the TV off. I’m watching it. 
You can’t speak to Jane. She’s having a bath. 
 
2. to express an activity or situation that is true now, but is not necessarily happening at the moment 
of speaking. 
Don’t take that book. Jane’s reading it. 
I’m doing a French evening course this year. 
 
3. to express temporary activity. 
Peter is a student, but he’s working as a barman during the holidays. 
 
 
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I’m living with friends until I find a place of my own. 
 
4. to express a planned future arrangement 
(See 6.3. Future: Present Continuous). 
I’m having lunch with Glenna tomorrow. 
We’re meeting at 1.00 outside the restaurant. 
6.1.3. Presente Perfecto (Present Perfect) 
In English, the Present Perfect is essentially a present tense but is also expresses the effect of past 
actions and activities on the present. 
Present Perfect means “before now”. 
 
 
The Present Perfect does not express when an action happened. If we say the exact time, we have 
to use the Past Simple. 
In my life I have travelled to all five continents. 
I travelled round Africa in 1988. 
• Form 
Affirmative and negative 
I 
We 
You 
They 
have - ‘ve 
haven’t 
 
 
 
lived in Rome. 
He 
She 
has – ‘s 
hasn’t 
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENTPAST
 
 
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It 
 
Question 
How long have I 
we 
you 
 
 
 
known Peter? How long has he 
she 
it 
 
• Use 
The Present Perfect has three main uses. 
 
1. it expresses an action which began in the past and still continues. 
We’ve lived in the same house for twenty-five years. 
They’ve been married for twenty years. 
Peter’s worked as a teacher since 1991. 
Many languages express this idea with a present tense: “Peter is a teacher; Peter is a teacher for ten 
years”. But in English the second sentence is wrong. 
Peter is a teacher for ten years. 
Peter has been a teacher for ten years. 
Note the time expressions that are common with this use. We use for with a period of time, and 
since with a point in time. 
 
 
for 
two years 
 
since 
1970 
a month the end of the lesson 
a few minutes August 
half a hour 8.00 
ages Christmas 
 
2. it expresses an experience that happened at some time in one’s life. The action is in the past and 
finished, but the effects of the action are still felt. When the action happened is not important. 
I’ve been to the States. (I still remember.) 
 
 
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She’s written poetry, children’s stories, and biographies. (In her writing career.) 
Have you ever had an operation? (At any time in your life up to now.) 
Note the adverbs that are common with this use. 
Have you ever been to Australia? 
I’ve never tried bunjee jumping. 
I haven’t tried sake before. It’s very nice. 
 
3. it expresses a past action that has a present result. The action is usually in the recent past. 
I’ve lost my wallet. (I haven’t got it now.) 
The taxi hasn’t arrived. (We’re still waiting for it.) 
What have you done to your lip? (It’s bleeding.) 
We often announce news in the Present Perfect, because the speaker is emphasizing the event as a 
present fact. 
Have you heard? The Prime Minister has resigned! 
Susan’s had her baby! 
Note the adverbs that are common with this use. 
I haven’t done my homework yet. (Negative) 
Has the postman been yet? (Question) 
I’ve already done my homework. 
 
Final notes 
1. Been and gone 
He’s been to China. (= experience. He isn’t there now.) 
She’s gone to China. (= present result. She’s there now.) 
 
2. Compare the following sentences 
 
 
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a. I’ve lived in Madrid for six years. (I still live there.) 
 I lived in Madrid for six years. (Now I live in somewhere else.) 
b. Shakespeare wrote thirty plays. (He can’t write any more.) 
 I’ve written several books. (I can still write some more.) 
c. Have you seen Billy this morning? (It’s still morning.) 
 Did you see Billy this morning? (It’s the afternoon or evening.) 
 
3. Compare the following right and wrong sentences. 
RIGHT WRONG 
a. When did you go to Greece? * When have you been to Greece? 
b. I saw him yesterday. * I have seen him yesterday. 
c. I’ve studied English for three years. * I study English for three years. 
d. Where did you buy your jumper? * Where have you bought your jumper? 
e. I haven’t brought my dictionary to class. * I didn’t bring my dictionary to class. 
 
4. We can see how the Present Perfect refers to indefinite time and the Past Simple refers to definite 
time by looking at the time expressions used with the different tenses. 
Present Perfect – indefinite Past Simple - definite 
 
I’ve done it 
for a long time. 
 
 
 
I did it 
yesterday. 
since July. last week. 
before. two days ago. 
recently. at eight o’clock. 
I’ve already done it. in 1987. 
I haven’t done it yet. when I was young 
for a long time. 
 
6.2 Pasado (Past) 
6.2.1. Pasado Simple (Past Simple) 
 
 
 
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• Form 
Affirmative 
I 
finished 
arrived 
 
yesterday 
You 
He/She/It 
We left three weeks ago 
They 
 
Negative 
I 
 
did not 
didn’t 
 
finish 
arrive yesterday 
leave 
You 
He/She/It 
We 
They 
 
Question 
 
 
 
What 
 
 
did 
 
I 
 
do yesterday? 
you 
he/she/it 
we 
they 
 
• Use 
The Past Simple is used: 
1. to express a finished action in the past. 
We met in 1987. 
I went to Manchester last week. 
 
2. to express actions which follow each other in a story. 
 
 
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Mary walked into the room and stopped. She listened carefully. She heard a noise coming from 
behind the curtains. She threw the curtain open, and then she saw … 
 
3. to express a past situation or habit. 
When I was a child, we lived in a smallhouse by the sea. Every day, I walked for miles on the beach 
with my dog. 
This use is also expressed with used to. 
When I was a child, we used to live in a small house by the sea. Every day, I used to walk miles on 
the beach with my dog. 
• Past simple and time expressions 
Look at the time expressions that are common with the Past Simple 
 
 last night 
 two days ago 
I did it yesterday morning 
 in 1990 
 in summer 
 when I was young 
 
 
6.2.2. Pasado Continuo (Past Continuous) 
 
• Form 
Affirmative and negative 
I 
was 
was not (wasn’t) 
 
 
 
working 
He 
She 
It 
We were 
were not (weren’t) You 
They 
 
 
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Question 
 
 
 
 
What 
 
was 
 
I 
 
 
doing? 
he 
she 
it 
were 
 
we 
you 
they 
 
• Use 
We often use the Past Continuous in sentences together with the Past Simple. 
When this happens, the Past Continuous refers to longer, “background” activities, whilst the Past 
Simple refers to shorter actions, that happened in the middle of the longer ones. 
When I woke up this morning, the birds were singing and the sun was shining. 
 
The Past Continuous is used: 
1. to express an activity in progress before, and probably after, a particular time in the past. 
I walked past your house last night. There was an awful lot of noise. What were you doing? 
At 7.00 this morning, I was having breakfast. 
 
2. to describe a situation or activity during a period in the past. 
Jan looked lovely. She was wearing a green cotton dress. Her eyes were shining in the light of the 
candles that were burning nearby. 
 
3. to express an interrupted past activity. 
When the phone rang, I was having a bath. 
We were playing tennis when it started to rain. 
 
 
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4. to express an incomplete activity in the past in order to contrast with the Past Simple which 
expresses a completed action. 
I was reading a book during the flight. 
(= I didn’t finish it.) 
I watched a film during the flight. 
(= The whole film.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Past Simple versus Past Continuous 
1. The Past Simple expresses past actions as simple facts. The Past Continuous gives past activities time and 
duration. 
A: I didn’t see you in the pub last night. 
B: No. I stayed at home and watched the football. 
 
A: I rang you last night, but there was no reply. 
B: Sorry. I was watching the football. I didn’t hear the phone. 
 
2. The questions refer to different time periods: The Past Continuous asks about activities before; the Past Simple 
asks about what happened after. 
When the war broke out, Peter was studying medicine at university. He decided that it was safer to go home to his 
parents and postpone his studies. 
What was Peter doing when the war broke out? He was studying medicine. 
What did Peter do when the war broke out? He went home to his parents.