Circuitos Segunda ley de kirchoff

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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL
ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE CÓMPUTO 
				
Practica 3
2da ley de Kirchhoff
Por
Arellano Manjarrez Cristopher
Rivera Aguilar Brandon Giovanni
Degollado flores Alejandro
GRUPO:
1CV15
ASIGNATURA:
ANALISIS FUNDAMENTAL DE CIRCUITOS
MÉXICO D.F.					 Semestre
AGOSTO-DICIEMBRE 2013
ORDER 
To apply the law of voltage Kirchhoff in the analysis and resolution of circuits with C.D and C.A
THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION:
Kirchhoff laws are a direct consequence of the basic laws of electromagnetism (Maxwell laws) for low-frequency circuits. They form the basis of the theory of circuits and much of the electronics. As mentioned in practice 2, our development in Kirchhoff laws does not include rigorous testing, only be considered the basic context for the understanding of circuit theory.
Kirchhoff voltage law postulates that:
"The algebraic sum of voltages around any closed circuit path is zero at all times".
Understand by closed trajectory travel through a series of nodes that ends up in the initial node without going through any node more than once, as shown in Figure 1. A closed trajectory is called loop, loop or mesh.
Any electric circuit that meets the second Kirchhoff law is the conservative type, since the work required to move a unit of face around any mesh is zero. When applying this law, it is important to monitor whether the energy level increases or decreases as we go through each item, so that the sum of these levels is zero. Mathematically, the Kirchhoff voltage law, can be represented you in the following way.
II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRACTICE.
II.1.- VERIFICATION OF THE KIRCHHOFF LAW OF VOLTAGE ON CD.
II.1.1 - For the circuit of Figure 2:
a) Determines, in analytic form, direction and values of current, voltage and power in each of the elements to record them in table 1. (Note: these results must have them before practice).
b) Apply Kirchhoff's voltage law analyzed circuit, with the values of calculations in the foregoing paragraph, and record your result in table 1.
c) Using any software tool for simulation of electrical circuits, get the values requested in the two preceding subparagraphs, and record their results in table 1.
II.1.2 - Unlit even voltage sources, assemble the circuit of Figure 2 on the Breadboard. Once assembled this circuit, proceed to set the indicated voltage sources. The circuit of Figure 2 energized, do the following:
a) With voltmeter on CD make measurements of the branch voltages present throughout the built screen and write them in table 1.
b) Apply law of voltage to the circuit under test, using the results of the previous section and enter your result in table 1.
c) With the ammeter on CD, make measuring the current flowing along the closed path formed and record your result in table 1.
d) Get the measures powers making the product V x I values for voltage and current experimental and record them in table 1.
II.2.- Verification of the Kirchhoff law of voltage in AC.
II.2.1-for the circuit of Figure 3:
a) In analytic form, determine the values of voltage and current as complex numbers in rectangular form, as well as the average power in each of the elements to record them in table 2. (Note: these results must have them before practice).
b) Apply voltages of Kirchhoff law to circuit analysis using the results of the calculations made in the preceding paragraph and record your result in table 2. Also make the diagram phase voltages through analyzed.
c) Using any software tool for simulation of electrical circuits, get the values requested in the two preceding subparagraphs, but RMS, and record their results in table 2.
Figure 3.Circuit of a single mesh to check the law of Kirchhoff's voltage in AC.
II.2.2 - without turning even the function generator, which will be the source of CA to use, assemble the circuit of Figure 3 on the Breadboard. Measure the inductance and resistance of the coil to use before connecting. Once armed the circuit, proceed to set the amplitude and frequency characteristics indicated for a sine function. With the circuit energized shown in Figure 3, proceed with the following:
a) With the voltmeter on AC make measurements of the effective voltages across the built mesh, as shown in table 2 and write down them.
b) Apply the law of voltage to the circuit under test with the results obtained in the preceding paragraph and record your result in table 2.
c) With the ammeter in CA, measure the value of the effective current that flows surplus mesh and record your result in table 2.
d) Get the measured average power, making the V x I product with the values of voltage and RMS current experimental, only for the elements indicated in table 2 and record their results.
e) Measure values of effective voltage, changing the frequency value in the function, both in the capacitor and inductor generator and record your measurements in table 3.
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Original
ORDER 
	
	MEDICIONES
	Valor teórico
	Valor rms Medido
	Valor rms Simulado
	Potencia promedio Teórica
	Potencia promedio Medida
	Potencia promedio Simulada
	Absorbe
O
Suministra
	Voltaje V0A
	3.5v
	3.5V
	3.5v
	45.5mW
	45.5mW
	45.5mW
	S
	Voltaje VAB
	5mv
	4mv
	5.2mv
	65uW
	NA
	NA
	NA
	Voltaje VBC
	2.60v
	2.53V
	2.56v
	33.8mw
	33.8mw
	33.8mw
	A
	Voltaje VCD
	352mv
	466mv
	348mv
	4.576mW
	NA
	NA
	NA
	Voltaje VD0
	630mv
	750mv
	656mv
	8.19mW
	8.19mW
	8.19mW
	A
	
	
	
	
	mW
	-
	
	
	IT(rms)
	13mA
	
	
	FRECUENCIA (Hz)
	VALORES MEDIDOS
	VALORES CALCULADOS
	
	VRMS EN C
	VRMS EN L
	VRMS EN C
	VRMS EN L
	60
	619mv
	66mv
	
	
	100
	600mv
	184mv
	
	
	500
	200mv
	456mv
	
	
	1K
	162mv
	904mv
	
	
BIBLIOGRAPHY
This law is also called Kirchhoff 's second law , Kirchhoff's mesh law and is common to use the acronym LVK to refer to this law.
In a closed loop , the sum of the voltage drops is equal to the total voltage supplied . Equivalently, the algebraic sum of the differences of electrical potential in a circuit is equal to zero.
Just as with the current , voltages can also be complex , thus:
This law is based on the conservation of a potential field energy. Given a potential difference , a burden that has completed a closed loop does not gain or lose energy to return to the starting potential.
This law is true even when there is resistance in the circuit. The validity of this law can be explained by considering that a load does not return to its starting point , due to dissipation of energy. A charge will simply end in the negative , rather than positive. This means that the energy given by the potential difference has been completely consumed by the resistance, which transform it into heat. Theoretically , and since tensions have a sign , this translates to a positive sign when crossing a circuit from a higher to a lower potential , and vice versa : with a negative sign to cross a circuit from a lower potential to a higher .
In summary, the Kirchhoff voltage law has nothing to do with the gain or loss of energy of the electronic components ( resistors , capacitors , etc. . ) . Is a law that is related to the potential field generated by voltage sources . Potential in this field , regardless of electronic components are present , the gain or loss of energy given by the potential field should be zero when a load completes a circuit
QUESTIONNAIRE
1.- Express in mathematical form of Kirchhoff's voltage law.
2..- What is the voltage drop?
Voltage drop call from one conductor to the potential difference between the ends thereof. This value is measured in volts and represents the expenditure of force which involves the passage of current through the driver.
3.- What is reactance and impedance?
In electronics and electrical engineering, reactor called the opposition offered to the passage of alternating current for inductors (coils) and capacitors is measured in ohms and its symbol is Ω. Adjacent to the electrical resistancedetermined by the total impedance of a component or circuit, so that the reactance (X) is the imaginary part of the impedance (Z) and resistance (R) is the real part, according to the equation:
  Z = R + jX
The impedance (Z) is the opposition to the passage of alternating current. Unlike the resistance, impedance includes the effects of charge accumulation and disposal (capacitance) and / or magnetic flux density (or inductance). This effect is appreciable when analyzing the electrical signal in time involved.
4.- according to Table 3 the voltage variation with frequency are those expected for each element?
Yes!!
Conclusion’s
actually check that this practaica met kirchoff the second law
efecttivamente found that the conditions where the sum of voltages results in zero quotient
also another thing to check with the practice was the fact as the use of different call frequencies used for calculating the total power developed by the circuit is directly proportional to the amount of current that we are using in the circuit. also .... also depends on the potential difference that we are developing for each particular case
also another thing to note is that as kirchoff second law can be taken as a representation analogous to the energy conservation theorem in which the strength of convection option off later also called the current or voltage is not taken as if the energy consumed for each item if not as passing or energy partitioned each and that takes different signs depending on the direction of the source