Prévia do material em texto

FR
EN
TE
 Ú
N
IC
A
81
Textos para as questões 3 e 4.
Censorship in modern times
By M.J. Stephey
Since 1982, the American Library Association has 
sponsored Banned Books Week to pay tribute to free 
speech and open libraries. The tradition began as a nod to 
how far society has come since 1557, when Pope Paul IV 
first established The Index of Prohibited Books to protect 
Catholics from controversial ideas. Four-hundred and 
nine years later, Pope Paul VI would abolish it, although 
attempts at censorship still remain. Here, TIME presents 
some of the most challenged books of all time. 
Nineteen eighty-four
By George Orwell
It’s both ironic and fitting that 
Nineteen eighty-four would join 
the American Library Association’s 
l ist of commonly challenged 
books given its bleak warning of 
totalitarian censorship. Written in 
1949 by the British author while 
he lay dying of tuberculosis, the 
book chronicles the grim future of a 
society robbed of free will, privacy 
or truth. Some reviewers called it a 
veiled attack against Joseph Stalin and the Soviet ruler’s 
infamous “midnight purges,” though, oddly enough, 
parents in Jackson County, Fla. would challenge the 
book in 1981 for being “pro-Communist.” The book 
spawned terms like “Big Brother” and “Orwellian” and 
continues to appear in pop culture — most recently 
as the inspiration for a political YouTube hit. The 
year 1984 may have passed, but the book’s message 
remains as relevant as ever. 
The anarchist cookbook 
By William Powell 
Powell was just 19 when he 
wrote this 1971 cult classic. The 
guerrilla how-to book managed to 
not only anger government officials, 
but anarchist groups as well. One 
such organization, CrimethInc., said 
the book misrepresents anarchist 
ideals and later released its own 
book of the same name. Other 
critics attacked the book for more practical reasons — 
some of the bomb-making recipes that Powell included 
turned out to be dangerously inaccurate. Ironically, an 
older and purportedly wiser Powell later tried to censor his 
own book. After converting to Christianity, Powell publicly 
denounced his work, writing in 2000 on Amazon.com that 
the book is “a misguided product of my adolescent anger 
at the prospect of being drafted and sent to Vietnam to 
fight in a war that I did not believe in.” But even Powell 
couldn’t successfully ban the book from print; he no longer 
owns the rights. 
Disponível em: <www.time.com/time/specials/packages/
article/0,28804,1842832_1842838,00.html>. 
Acesso em: 1 out. 2009.
3 UFRJ Grupos diferentes de leitores fizeram interpreta-
ções distintas sobre o romance 1984. Explicite-as. 
4 UFRJ O que levou o autor de The anarchist cookbook 
a escrever esse livro?
Texto para a questão 5.
Why Everyone Should Read Harry Potter 
September 9, 2014 
Harry Potter is the best selling book series of all time. 
But it’s had its reproaches. Various Christian groups claimed 
the books promoted paganism and witchcraft to children. 
Washington Post book critic Ron Charles called the fact that 
adults were also hooked on Potter a “bad case of cultural 
infantilism.” Charles and others also cited a certain artistic 
banality in massively commercial story-telling, while others 
criticized Hogwarts, the wizardry academy attended by 
Potter, for only rewarding innate talents. 
 The Anglo-American writer Christopher Hitchens, on 
the other hand, praised J. K. Rowling for freeing English 
children’s literature from dreams of riches and class and 
snobbery and giving us a world of youthful democracy and 
diversity. A growing body of evidence suggests that reading 
Rowling’s work, at least as a youth, might be a good thing. 
Adaptado de http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-everyone-
shouldread-harry-potter/. Acessado em 02/09/2016.
5 Unicamp 2014 In late 1939, after the outbreak of the Second 
World War, the British Government designed a number of 
morale boosting posters that would be displayed across the 
British Isles during the testing times that lay ahead.
With a bold coloured background, 
the posters were required to be similar in 
style and feature the symbolic crown of 
King George VI. The first two posters, ‘Your 
courage, Your cheerfulness, Your resolution 
will bring us victory’ and ‘Freedom is in 
peril’ were produced and posted on public 
transport, in shop windows and upon 
notice boards across Britain. The third and final poster of 
the set simply read ‘Keep calm and carry on’. The plan in 
place for this poster was to issue it only upon the invasion 
of Britain by Germany. As this never happened, the poster 
was never officially seen by the public.
Disponível em: <www.keepcalmandcarryon.com/history/>. 
Acesso em: 8 set. 2013. (Adapt.)
a) Com que objetivo o governo da Grã-Bretanha ela-
borou, em 1939, a série de posters descrita no texto?
b) O que sabemos do terceiro poster, além do fato de 
que foi feito nos mesmos moldes dos anteriores, e 
que continha os dizeres “Keep calm and carry on”?
6 Unicamp 2017 A leitura do excerto permite concluir 
adequadamente que:
a A série Harry Potter é aprovada por críticos lite-
rários e grupos religiosos com base nos mesmos 
argumentos. 
b As qualidades literárias de Harry Potter justificam 
seu sucesso entre os adultos. 
c A abordagem educacional de Hogwarts recom-
pensa as habilidades desenvolvidas por meio do 
esforço pessoal. 
d Para os personagens da série Harry Potter, o sonho 
de ascendência social e poder financeiro é pouco 
relevante.
PV_2021_L1_ING_FU_CAP8_LA.INDD / 21-09-2020 (18:09) / LEONEL.MANESKUL / PROVA FINAL
LÍNGUA INGLESA Capítulo 8 Personagens que fizeram história 82
Texto para a questão 7.
Adora Svitak: Tiny Literary Giant at 12
Adora started writing when she was four years old. 
She hasn’t stopped since. At six, Adora received a laptop 
computer from her mother, on which she quickly amassed 
a collection of hundreds of short stories and hundreds of 
thousands of words — typing at 70 words per minute.
At the age of seven, Adora achieved her dream of 
becoming a published author with the release of Flying 
Fingers: Master the Tools of Learning Through the Joy of 
Writing. The book featured several of Adora’s short stories, 
along with her writing tips, typing tips, and advice from 
her mother. At age 11, Adora published a second book, 
Dancing Fingers, with her older sister, Adrianna.
Today, Adora is 12 and she has transformed her writing 
success into speaking and teaching success. She has spoken 
at over 400 schools and presented at the annual TED 
(Technology, Entertainment, Design) conference. She’s also 
planning a conference of her own, for kids and by kids, called 
TEDx Redmond. She has been featured on Good Morning 
America and on CNN. Adora also maintains a blog and 
attends an online public school. She is in the eighth grade.
Disponível em: <http://juniorbiz.com/adora-svitak-interview>. 
Acesso em: 02 jun. 2011. (Texto adaptado.)
7 UFPB 2012 The title of the text “Adora Svitak: Tiny lite-
rary Giant at 12” says that Adora is
A a small girl who writes literary books about a giant 
named Tiny.
b a 12-year-old girl who has been successful in writing 
literature.
c a young kid who has written about twelve imaginary 
giants.
d a 12-year-old kid who prefers technology and de-
sign to writing.
E a great literary writer who has published 12 books 
until now.
 Direitos autorais
Powell, autor do livro The anarchist cookbook, mencionado neste módulo, afirmou em um artigo publicado em 2013:
The Cookbook has been found in the possession of alienated and disturbed young people who have launched attacks 
against classmates and teachers. I suspect that the perpetrators of these attacks did not feel much of a sense of belonging, 
and the Cookbook may have added to their sense of isolation.
[...] The continued publication of the Cookbook serves no purpose other than a commercial one for the publisher.
POWELL, William. The guardian, 19 dez. 2013. Disponível em: <www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/19/anarchist-cookbook-author-william-powell-out-of-print>. Acesso em: 2 jun. 2015.
Powell explicitamente declara seu arrependimento ao ter publicado o livro. No entanto, os direitos de publicação pertencem à editora, e a vontade 
do autor de retirar o livro de publicação não foi atendida.
O que você pensa sobre essa situação? Na sua opinião, deveria haver alguma mudança na legislação de direitos autorais que atendesse ao pedido 
do escritor em casos polêmicos como o mencionado? Que sugestões você proporia ao autor da obra?
Texto complementar
Quer saber mais?
Sites
 y Para saber um pouco mais sobre a vida de George Orwell, acesse sua biografia resumida publicada no site da BBC History: 
<http://p.p4ed.com/YBHPD>.
 y Para conhecer outro exemplo de texto figurativo associado a temas específicos, veja a página sobre leituras da obra The great Gatsby, tex-
to figurativo muitas vezes associado ao tema do American dream, de extrema importância para a construção da identidade estadunidense: 
<http://p.p4ed.com/YBHPF>.
 y A importância de se estudar textos de diferentes países e o que podemos aprender com esses conteúdos.
 y Os elementos concretos (figuras) e abstratos (temas) que compõem um texto, fazendo dele, predominantemente figurativo ou predominantemente 
temático.
 y Os tempos verbais que exercem um papel fundamental na narrativa, Past Simple e Past Progressive, além do verbo modal Would e a expressão verbal 
Used to.
 
Resumindo
PV_2021_L1_ING_FU_CAP8_LA.INDD / 18-09-2020 (13:13) / LEONEL.MANESKUL / PROVA FINAL
9
CAPÍTULO Interpretando e organizando o passado
Nas aulas de História, refletimos como todos os aspectos de nossa vida são resulta-
do de um complexo processo histórico, isto é, de um conjunto de diferentes ações no 
passado que nos levaram ao cenário cultural, social e econômico em que estamos hoje 
inseridos. 
Neste capítulo, discutiremos os aspectos do tempo passado na língua inglesa, assim 
como seu papel para a interpretação de uma variedade de eventos anteriores, dos mais 
abrangentes – como a alteração do cenário econômico de um país – aos mais pessoais, 
como a mudança de comportamento na vida de um indivíduo.
FRENTE ÚNICA
The last picture of the Portuguese Imperial family on the throne in Brazil, 1889. From left to right: 
Teresa Cristina, Antonio, Isabel, Pedro, Pedro Augusto, Luís, Gastão and Pedro de Alcântara.
O
tto
 H
ee
s/
M
us
eu
 Im
pe
ria
l, 
Pe
tró
po
lis
PV_2021_L1_ING_FU_CAP9_LA.INDD / 18-09-2020 (13:15) / LEONEL.MANESKUL / PROVA FINAL
LÍNGUA INGLESA Capítulo 9 Interpretando e organizando o passado 84
O passado como processo
Ao contarmos algo sobre nosso passado, organizamos 
nossa história em períodos que podem ser entendidos 
como partes de um processo. Quando falamos sobre 
um tempo específico, é comum explicarmos que aquele 
momento é resultado de períodos que o antecederam. 
Leia, a seguir, um fragmento de uma reportagem. Nela, a 
vida de um jovem é citada para ilustrar o Brasil como um 
país de empreendedores.
A country of entrepreneurs
At the age of 23, Nei Brasil, [...], was faced with one of 
the most important decisions of his life. The year was 2005, 
and Nei, living in São José dos Campos, in the interior of the 
state of São Paulo, had just finished a master’s degree at 
the Aeronautics Technological Institute (ITA). On one hand, 
he had a job opportunity at Embraer, one of the world’s largest 
airplane manufacturers [...]. On the other hand was an old 
desire to start his own business. As he had done at other critical 
times, Nei called his father [...]. Thirteen years before, Rodrigo 
Brasil, then director of a local meat coop, struggling with a 
terminal crisis, found himself obligated to enter the business 
world. [...] Being an entrepreneur in Brazil, as experience had 
taught him, was an exhaustive, risky process. Faced with Nei’s 
question, Rodrigo laid down his verdict; “Embraer is a great 
company, son.” […]
Nei understood his dad. He remembered that the family’s 
buying power had slumped a lot during the first years of the 
1990s, when Rodrigo was trying to get a leg up in a leather 
trading business. [...] On other occasions when he had asked 
his father for advice – on the choice of a college entrance exam 
and, later, on whether or not to get a master’s degree – Nei had 
followed paternal advice. This time, however, he decided to 
break the rule. “I was moved by the desire to do something 
completely new,” says Nei. Today, Flight Technologies, in spite 
of being a newbie, is already a reference in the country in the 
development of unmanned aerial vehicles. [...] In 2012, Nei’s 
business will make 6 million reais.
SEGALA, Mariana; FAUST, André. “A country of entrepreneurs”. Exame. 
São Paulo, Edição especial. 4, pp. 50-2, 27 dez. 2012.
O trecho indica a relação existente entre a tomada de 
uma importante decisão e as diversas situações anteriores 
a ela. O fato de Nei ter procurado o pai pedindo sua opinião 
pode ser entendido como um padrão na vida do rapaz, já 
que ele havia feito o mesmo em outras situações críticas. 
Já a atitude de Rodrigo, que incentivou Nei a aceitar a opor-
tunidade de emprego na empresa, pode ser relacionada 
com o que ele havia aprendido com a experiência exaustiva 
de ter o próprio negócio. No entanto, ciente dos cenários 
econômicos desfavoráveis anteriores, Nei optou por fazer 
algo completamente diferente, a começar por não seguir o 
conselho de seu pai. Assim, a decisão implicou uma espécie 
de ruptura com o pensamento que vinha sendo predomi-
nante até então.
Ao analisar o passado como processo, portanto, é 
possível verificar a relação entre acontecimentos, como 
de continuidade ou de ruptura com o que lhes antecede. 
Dessa forma, conseguimos explicar os papéis que determi-
nadas mudanças exerceram, assim como quais motivações 
nos levaram a elas.
Observe os fragmentos a seguir.
Texto 1
Brazil to launch labor rights booklet 
for Chinese immigrants
Amid growing numbers of Chinese immigrants working 
in near-slavery conditions in Rio de Janeiro in recent years, 
Brazil’s Ministry of Labor and Employment will release a 
Mandarin-language information booklet on workers’ rights, 
in collaboration with the Archdiocese of Rio de Janeiro. The 
existing Portuguese material is being revised for translation into 
Mandarin, and the release date is still open. [...]
In August 2014, a Chinese teenager ran away from a 
pastelaria (typical Brazilian fast-food shop, often run by Chinese 
immigrants) where he had been working 14 hours a day with 
no weekly day off and no pay, and walked 22 kilometers for 
police help. His co-workers were also found to work longer 
than the legal limit, but they earned wages. Only the Brazilian 
employees were getting full rights and pay.
NITAHARA, Akemi. “Brazil to launch labor rights booklet for Chinese 
immigrants”. BORGES, Mayra (Trad.). Agência Brasil, 4 maio 2015. Disponível 
em: <http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/direitos-humanos/noticia/2015-05/
brazil-launch-booklet-educate-chinese-immigrants-about-workers>. 
Acesso em: 20 jul. 2020.
Texto 2
Coffee industry expects to grow in 2015
Brazil is the leading coffee producing and exporting 
country as well as one of the top markets, second only to the 
United States. Industry reports show that domestic consumption 
of coffee in Brazil, which had declined 1.23% in 2013, 
recovered 1.24% between November 2013 and October 2014, 
producing 20.333 million bags (a measure generally equivalent 
to 60 kg of coffee). The industry expects a 2% growth in 2015.
NASCIMENTO, Luciano. “Coffee industry expects to grow in 2015”. BORGES, 
Mayra (Trad.). Agência Brasil, 25 maio 2015. Disponível em: <http://
agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/economia/noticia/2015-05/coffee-industry-
expects-grow-2015>. Acesso em: 20 jul. 2020.
D
en
is
 A
nd
ric
ic
/S
hu
tte
rs
to
ck
.c
om
PV_2021_L1_ING_FU_CAP9_LA.INDD / 18-09-2020 (13:15) / LEONEL.MANESKUL / PROVA FINAL PV_2021_L1_ING_FU_CAP9_LA.INDD / 18-09-2020 (13:15) / LEONEL.MANESKUL /PROVA FINAL
	9 Interpretando e organizando o passado