66085c36239fc-greening-it-50

Chapter 8 How IT Contrib utes to the Greening of the Grid - by Dr . George W . Arnold T able 8.1: Smart Grid Stakeholder Categories Appliance and consumer electron- ics providers Power equipment manufacturers and vendors Commercial and Industrial equip- ment manufacturers and automa- tion vendors Professional societies, users gr oups, trade associations and industry consortia Consumers - Residential, Commer- cial, and Industrial R&D organisations and academia Electric transportation industry Stakeholders Relevant Federal Government Agencies Electric utility companies - In- vestor Owned Utilities and Publicly Owned Utilities Renewable Power Producers Electric utility companies - Munici- pal Retail Service Providers Electric utility companies - Rural Electric Association Standard and speci\ufb01cation devel- opment organisations Electricity and \ufb01nancial market traders (includes aggregators) State and local regulators Independent power producers T esting and Certi\ufb01cation V endors Information and communication technologies (ICT) Infrastructure and Service Providers T ransmission operators and Inde- pendent System Operators Information technology (IT) appli- cation developers and integrators V enture Capital play an important role in the NIST framework include IEEE, IETF , ISO, ITU-T , SAE and others. The process of international harmonisation is also facilitated through bilateral communication and information exchange. T o en- courage international harmonisation, participation in the NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Panel is open to or ganisations outside the U.S. 8.7 Conclusion Realisation of the smart grid repr esents one of the gr eatest engineer- ing challenges of the 21 s t century . Its development and deployment in the U.S. is being accomplished within a national policy framework en- acted in federal legislation. A r obust foundation of standards is critical to achieving an interoperable and secur e smart grid. This foundation 138 Chapter 8 How IT Contrib utes to the Greening of the Grid - by Dr . George W . Arnold is being developed through an innovative public/private partnership model, and a heavy reliance on information technology . Smart Grid is de\ufb01nitely an example of a \u201cgreening\u201d that could not be achieved with- out resorting to IT . Dr . George Arnold Gaithersburg, MD, United States of America - April 2010 Dr . Geor ge Arnold was appointed National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability at the National Institute of Standards and T echnology (NIST) in April 2009. He is r esponsible for leading the development of standards underpinning the nation\u2019 s Smart Grid. He served as Chair- man of the Board of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), a private, non-pr o\ufb01t organisation that co-ordinates the U.S. voluntary standardisation and conformity assessment system, from 2003 to 2005. He served as President of the IEEE Standards Association in 2007-2008 and V ice Pr esident-Policy for the International Organization for Stan- dardization (ISO). Dr . Arnold received a Doctor of Engineering Science degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science fr om Columbia University in 1978. 139 CHAPTER 9 The Green IT Industry Ecosystem 9.1 Action! Greening IT does not happen by itself. It needs involvement and r e- sources: people, time, money , in\ufb02uence, organisational structur es, and support by political institutions, non-governmental organisations and the general public. Indeed, support builds up, and in recent years, many formal and informal gr oups have been formed whose main fo- cus is aspects of greening IT . In my opinion, the term \u201cGreen IT\u201d should not only be applied to technical or organisational attempts to lower ener gy usage or material use of IT . Rather , I will also include efforts to impr ove the working conditions in the IT sector , especially the early steps of the production chain, such as mining and chip manufacturing, and to prevent illegal export of e-waste or recycling of those materials under unacceptable conditions that put the workers, very often kids, in danger . This chapter will concentrate on some globally active, some Eu- ropean and, as Germany is the country I come from and know best, in particular some German organisations and gr oups, initiatives and 140

66085c36239fc-greening-it-50

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