Floating Production System Deepwater Development Options - Pieter Wybro - 2004

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MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Floating Production System Deepwater 
Development Options
by
Pieter Wybro
Sea Engineering, Inc.
Owner
Text Box
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MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
1. Deepwater Platform Options
2. Market Trends
3. Primary Drivers
4. Technology Issues
5. Future Trends
Presentation Topics
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Local Host Development Option 
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Satellite Wellhead Platforms to Central Hub
Hub Facility
WHP 
WI 
Wells
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Production Floater Hull Types
Monohull
FPSO - Production, Storage, and Shuttle Offtake
FSO - Storage and Shuttle Offtake
FPU - Production and Pipeline Offtake
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Production Floater Hull Types
MonohullMonohullMonohull
Semi-Submersibles
----------------------------------------------
Conversions
New Generation New Build
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Deepwater Floater Hull Types
MonohullMonohullMonohull
SemiSemiSemi---SubmersiblesSubmersiblesSubmersibles
----------------------------------------------
Spars
Classic Spar Truss Spar
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Deepwater Floater Hull Types
MonohullMonohullMonohull
SemiSemiSemi---SubmersiblesSubmersiblesSubmersibles
----------------------------------------------
SparsSparsSpars
Tension Leg 
Platforms (TLP)
Classic TLP Monocolumn TLP
Moses TLP
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Floating Production Systems Growth
Mature Technology.
Historically has been primarily conversions.
Historically, FPS were used in medium water depth, 
early production, short field life, flexible risers.
Floating 
Reference: International Maritime Consultants 2004Reference: International Maritime Consultants 2004
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
GOM Floating Systems 
(Source: MMS Deepwater GOM Report 2004)
19881989199019911992199319941995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
TLP
SPAR
Semi
0
1
2
3
Number
Year
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Recent Exploration Trends
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
nu
m
be
r 
of
 e
xp
lo
ra
tio
n 
w
el
ls
 
co
m
pl
et
ed
>7500
5000-7499
1500-4999
1000-1499
Ultra-deep water Trend
(Source: MMS Deepwater GOM Report 2004)
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
GOM Discoveries > 7000’ WD
Pro je c t Name Block WD, ft Year
Aconcagua MC 305 7,379 1999
Camden Hills MC 348 7,530 1999
Blind Faith MC 696 7,116 2001
Merganser AT 37 8,064 2001
St. Malo WR 678 7,326 2001
Trident AC 903 9,816 2001
Cascade WR 206 8,143 2002
Great White AC 857 7,425 2002
Vortex AT 261 8,422 2002
Atlas LL 50 9,180 2003
Chinook WR 469 9,104 2003
Jubilee AT 349 8,891 2003
Spiderman/Amazon DC 621 8,100 2003
(Source: MMS Deepwater GOM Report 2004)
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Waterdepth Records for FPU Types
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
Year
W
at
er
de
pt
h,
 ft
TLP SPAR Semi
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Primary Drivers for Deepwater FPUs
Waterdepth.
Payload
Production Characteristics – Well Access 
Requirements. 
Availability of Infrastructure & Market location. 
Platform drilling, predrilling vs postdrilling
Gas Disposal Requirements.
Local Content Requirements.
Field Life.
Metocean Conditions.
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Wellbore Access: Direct vs Subsea?
Direct (Dry Tree)
Single Drill Center
Lower OPEX and Life 
Cycle Costs 
Simpler well Hardware
Minimize well intervention 
Cost and downtime
Less Flow Assurance Risk
Higher recovery 
Strict motion requirements
Indirect (Wet Tree)
Multi Drill Centers
Higher OPEX
Minimize Drilling Costs and Risks 
for Large Areal Extent Reservoirs
Maximize Development Plan 
Flexibility
Capability for wide range of hull 
types 
More complex flow assurance 
issues
Seafloor intervention, vessel 
availability
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Proven Deepwater Technology
Semi FPS
Compliant 
Tower
Conventional 
TLP
New Generation
TLPs
Truss 
Spar
Classic Spar
Dry Tree Solutions
Wet Tree Solutions
Shipshape FPSO
Source: Offshore Magazine
Deepwater Production Solutions poster; Sept.,2000
2A-4
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Riser Options
Steel Catenary Risers (SCR)
Hybrid Risers
Flexible Catenary Risers
Stricter
Hull Motion
Requirements
Stricter
Hull Motion
Requirements
Direct Tensioned Riser 
Air Can Tensioned Riser 
Tubing Tie-back Riser
Compliant Vertical Access Riser 
(CVAR)*
Near or At-Surface Completion*
Drilling/Completion/WO riser
Direct Vertical Access Options:
TTR
Wet Tree Options:
Note: * Option is unproven
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Se
a 
En
er
gy
 /
 H
ea
ve
 R
es
po
ns
e
TLP
Ship (Beam)
Semi Spar
5 Seconds 20 Seconds
Wave Period (Seconds)
Sea Energy
Ship (Bow)Se
a 
En
er
gy
 /
 H
ea
ve
 R
es
po
ns
e
TLP
Ship (Beam)
Semi Spar
5 Seconds 20 Seconds
Wave Period (Seconds)
Sea Energy
Ship (Bow)
Motion Response Characteristics
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
GOM FPU Motion Comparison
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Heave D.A. 
(ft)
TLP SPAR CP Semi Semi Monohull
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Mooring Options
Catenary leg moorings
Semi-taut leg moorings
Taut leg polyester mooring
Mooring Leg Options: Offsets Vert. Load
Foundation Options:
Uplift
Steel Driven Piles
Suction Piles
SEPLA
VLA
Drag Embedment 
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Installed & Sanctioned FPSOs
Water Depths > 300 m
Brazil (8)Brazil (8)
Angola (2)Angola (2)
Italy (1)Italy (1)
Norway (2)Norway (2)
UK (2)UK (2)
China (2)China (2)
Source: Aker Maritime’s & Mustang Engineering 2001 Worldwide Survey of FPSOs; Aug, 2001 Issue of Offshore Magazine
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Monohull Mooring Types
• Internal Turret
••• External TurretExternal TurretExternal Turret
••• Yoke SystemYoke SystemYoke System
••• Spread mooredSpread mooredSpread moored
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Monohull Mooring Types
••• Internal TurretInternal TurretInternal Turret
• External Turret
••• Yoke SystemYoke SystemYoke System
••• Spread mooredSpread mooredSpread moored
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Monohull Mooring Types
••• Internal TurretInternal TurretInternal Turret
••• External TurretExternal TurretExternal Turret
• Yoke System
••• Spread mooredSpread mooredSpread moored • Old style
• Not Applicable to deep water
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Monohull Mooring Types
••• Internal TurretInternal TurretInternal Turret
••• External TurretExternal TurretExternal Turret
••• Yoke SystemYoke SystemYoke System
• Spread moored
• Directional environment
• Offtake issues
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Offtake
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
FPSO
no oil export pipeline required
Converted tankers, if used, can lower initial cost 
& schedule
Available payload & deck area
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oil field use only (no advantage for gas field)
Wet Tree – no direct well access
Potentially high cost for well workover
High turret/fluidswivel cost potential
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Worldwide Installed & Sanctioned Semi - FPSs
Water Depths > 300 m
Brazil (13)Brazil (13)
Norway (7)Norway (7)
China (1)China (1)
US GoM (5)US GoM (5)
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Semisubmersible FPU
Hull steel weight equivalent to 
a TLP
Deck can be pre-integrated 
inshore
Installed with anchor handling 
vessels
Hull motions generally 
acceptable for SCR risers.
CP Semi – New Generation Semi
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Semisubmersibles
Low structure weight
Catenary or Taut-Leg Spread moored 
Good motions, SCRs are possible
Platform drilling or workover rig is possible
Subsea trees with vertical access
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DVA risers w/dry trees unproven
Large mooring footprint
Pipeline offtake
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Installed & Sanctioned SPARs
Water Depths > 300 m
GoM (14)GoM (14)
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
SPARS International Technip
Spar Installations
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Spar Installations
Medusa
2002
Devils Tower 
2004
Front Runner
2004
2,322’
GOM
5,610’ 
GOM
3,500’
GOM
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Spar Installation
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Air Can Risers
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Spars
Dry tree capable
Low heave motions
Catenary or taut leg moorings
Low sensitivity to topsides weight
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Large structure weight
Large seabed footprint
Large lateral motions at deck and keel
Hull VIM may cause fatigue of components 
(aircan, riser, mooring etc.)
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Installed & Sanctioned TLPs
Water Depths > 300 m
Conv. TLP (1)Conv. TLP (1)
Conv. TLPs (2)Conv. TLPs (2)
TLWP (2)TLWP (2)
US GOM - TLP (9)US GOM - TLP (9)
US GOM - Mini TLP (4)US GOM - Mini TLP (4)
US GOM - TLWP (1)US GOM - TLWP (1)
TLWP (2)TLWP (2)
TLWP (2)
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Classic TLPs
TLWP 
Concrete
PDQ
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Seno Development
FPUFPU
Seno Field (1000m WD)
TLWP
Drilling Tender
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
MOSES New Generation TLP
Marco Polo TLP in 4300 ft Waterdepth
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
GoM
W AfricaW Africa
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
W
at
er
 D
ep
th
 (f
t)
Steel Tendon Practical Depth Limits
Classic TLP 
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
SE AsiaSE Asia
2,000 6,000 10,000 14,000 18,000 22,000 26,000
Payload (st), excludes deck steel, includes risers
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
GoM
W AfricaW Africa
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
W
at
er
 D
ep
th
 (f
t) SE AsiaSE Asia
Steel Tendon Practical Depth Limits
New Generation TLP 
0.4
1.5
0.8
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 2000 4000 6000
W a te rd e p th (ft)
R
A
TI
O
: 
Te
nd
on
 W
t /
 P
ay
lo
ad
0 .4
1 .5
0.8
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
0 2000 4000 6000
W a te rd e p th (ft)
R
A
TI
O
: 
Te
nd
on
 W
t /
 P
ay
lo
ad
Classic
Moses
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
2,000 6,000 10,000 14,000 18,000 22,000 26,000
Payload (st), excludes deck steel, includes risers
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Integrated TLP Tow out
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Direct Tensioned Risers
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Tension Leg Platform
Stable with minimal heave, roll and pitch motions
Dry Tree capable 
Small seabed footprint 
Scalable to small fields
Low structure weight
Inshore integration
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No oil storage 
Sensitive to topsides weight
Has water depth limit with steel tendons 
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Global Design Efficiency
Payload Excludes Deck steel and product storage
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000
Displacement, st
D
is
pl
ac
em
en
t/P
ay
lo
ad
Conventional TLP
Seastar TLP
Moses TLP
Conventional Semi
Spar
Unocal TLP
C P Semi
Magnolia 
Marco Polo
Auger
Brutus
Mars
Ram-Pow ell
Ursa
Jolliet
MarlinPrince
Morpeth
Typhoon
Matterhorn NaKika
Neptune
Boomvang/Nansen
Horn Mountain
Genesis
Seno A
Seno B
Allegheny
Kizomba A
Atlantis
Thunder Horse
CP Semi 28000
CP Semi 12000
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
SPAR
Hull design less depth 
sensitive
Riser aircans are weight 
sensitive
Lower Payload 
Sensitivity of hull
Simpler mooring system
Simpler hull construction
TLP
Simpler risers
Less motions
Lower Hull Weight
Small seabed footprint
Topsides can be 
integrated inshore
Deepwater System Comparisons
2A-19
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Deepwater System Comparisons
Semi
Used in areas with 
accessible infrastructure
SCR Risers feasible
Efficient hull weight
Simpler Mooring system
FPSO
Used in area lacking 
pipeline infrastructure
Oil storage and offtake
capability
Gas handling and offtake
is an issue.
SCR Risers are generally 
not feasible
2A-20
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Technical and Commercial Maturity
TECHNICALLY COMMERCIALLY
MATURE MATURE
FPSO Yes Yes
Spar - Classic Yes No
Spar - Truss Yes No
Semi FPS Yes Yes 
DD Semi No No
TLP Yes Yes
SYSTEM TECHNICALLY COMMERCIALLY
MATURE MATURE
FPSO Yes Yes
Spar - Classic Yes No
Spar - Truss Yes No
Semi FPS Yes Yes 
DD Semi No No
TLP Yes Yes
SYSTEM
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Deepwater FPU Design Challenges
Efficient Hulls with good performanceEfficient Hulls with good performance
Reducing Installation costs & risksReducing Installation costs & risks
Deepwater mooring designsDeepwater mooring designs
DVA riser designs DVA riser designs 
Deep currents & VIV of risers and tendonsDeep currents & VIV of risers and tendons
Reduce drilling costsReduce drilling costs
NonNon--linear hydrodynamics linear hydrodynamics –– VIM, run up, free VIM, run up, free 
surface effects, higher order loadssurface effects, higher order loads
Model Testing scale effects and mooring truncation Model Testing scale effects and mooring truncation 
effectseffects
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Emerging Deepwater Production Solutions 
Deep Draft SemisubmersiblesFDPSOs Floating LNG
2A-19
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
FPU Technology Direction
UltraUltra--deep waterdeep water
New Generation efficient hullsNew Generation efficient hulls
Improved lightweight topsidesImproved lightweight topsides
Tender Assisted Drilling (TAD)Tender Assisted Drilling (TAD)
Improved moorings and foundationsImproved moorings and foundations
Improved risersImproved risers
More efficient platform installation methodsMore efficient platform installation methods
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
New Generation Hulls + Lightweight Topsides
US GOM Production TLPs and Semisubs
0 50 100 150 200 250
Design Throughput, KBOEPD
Hu
ll 
+ 
De
ck
 S
te
el
, t
on
s
Magnolia
Marco Polo
Auger
Brutus
MarsRam-Powell
Ursa
Jolliet
Marlin
Prince
Matterhorn
Typhoon
NaKika
Prince
Marco Polo
Dry Tree TLPs in GoM
MTS Field Development Workshop Houston September 28-30, 2004
Summary
SPARS, proven to 6000’ and TLPs, proven to 5000’ dominate 
deepwater inGOM. 
SPAR w/dry trees can be extended to 10,000 ft water depth; riser
and mooring systems are a challenge.
Semis and FPSO w/wet trees can be extended to 10,000 ft 
waterdepth; mooring system is a challenge.
Development of emerging tendon technology is required to 
extend TLP beyond 7500 ft water depth.
Costs and schedule for deepwater floating systems are market 
driven.
“Best System” dependent on water depth, field size, existing 
infrastructure, market conditions, and reservoir characteristics
2A-20
	Floating Production System Deepwater Development Optionsby Pieter WybroSea Engineering, Inc.
	Production Floater Hull Types
	Production Floater Hull Types
	Deepwater Floater Hull Types
	Deepwater Floater Hull Types
	Floating Production Systems Growth
	GOM Floating Systems
	Recent Exploration Trends
	GOM Discoveries > 7000’ WD
	Waterdepth Records for FPU Types
	Proven Deepwater Technology
	Riser Options
	GOM FPU Motion Comparison
	Mooring Options
	FPSO
	Worldwide Installed & Sanctioned Semi - FPSs Water Depths > 300 m
	Semisubmersibles
	Air Can Risers
	Spars
	Direct Tensioned Risers
	Tension Leg Platform
	Global Design Efficiency
	Deepwater System Comparisons
	Deepwater System Comparisons
	Technical and Commercial Maturity
	Deepwater FPU Design Challenges
	New Generation Hulls + Lightweight Topsides
	Summary