Sistema Endocrino

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ANATOMIA DO SISTEMA ENDÓCRINO
1. Princípios da 
Comunicação Química
Classes of Chemical Messengers
Chemical Messenger Description Example
Autocrine
Paracrine
Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine, epinephrine
Endocrine
Chemical messenger
Chemical messenger
Neurotransmitter
Paracrine
Autocrine
Neuron
TABLE 17.1
Secreted by cells in a local area;
influences the activity of the
same cell from which it was
secreted
Eicosanoids (prostaglandins,
thromboxanes, prostacyclins,
leukotrienes)
Produced by a wide variety of
tissues and secreted into
extracellular fluid; has a
localized effect on other tissues
Somatostatin, histamine,
eicosanoids
Thyroid hormones, growth
hormone, insulin,
epinephrine, estrogen,
progesterone, testosterone,
prostaglandins
Produced by neurons; secreted
into a synaptic cleft by
presynaptic nerve terminals;
travels short distances;
influences postsynaptic cells
Secreted into the blood by
specialized cells; travels 
some distance to target 
tissues; results in coordinated 
regulation of cell function
Endocrine
Hormone
• Glândulas que secretam mensageiros químicos (hormônios) na corrente
sanguínea
• Características dos hormônios:
Produzidos em pequenas quantidades
Secretados no espaço intracellular
Transportados à distância pelo Sistema circulatório
Agem em tecidos alvo em lugares distantes do corpo
• Regulam atividades do corpo
2. Características do Sistema endócrino
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Hipotálamo
Timo
Tireóide
Pituitaria
Glândula pineal 
Paratireoide
Pâncreas
(ilhotas)
Testículos
(masculino)
Ovários
(feminino) 
Adrenais
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Anatomia Humana – Martini, Timmons & Tallitsch
Anatomia Humana – Martini, Timmons & Tallitsch
Hipófise
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Tálamo
Hipotálamo
Glândula Pineal (Epitálamo)
Osso Frontal
Olho Osso 
Occipital 
Glândula Pineal 
• No epitálamo, a glândula pineal produz principalmente, a melatonina
1
2
3
4
5
2
4
1
3
5
Hypothalamus
Eye
Melatonin
• Inhibits GnRH secretion from hypothalamus
• May help regulate sleep cycles by enhancing
the tendency to sleep
Light
rays
Light entering the eye
stimulates neurons
in the retina to
fire action
potentials.
Action potentials are
transmitted to the
hypothalamus.
Action potentials from
the hypothalamus are
transmitted through the
sympathetic division to
the pineal gland.
A decrease in light (darkness)
results in increased
sympathetic stimulation of
the pineal gland and
increased melatonin
secretion. An increase in
light results in decreased
sympathetic stimulation of
the pineal gland and
decreased melatonin
secretion.
Melatonin inhibits
GnRH secretion from
the hypothalamus and
may help regulate sleep
cycles.
Preganglionic
sympathetic
neuron
Sympathetic
ganglion
Postganglionic
sympathetic
neuron
Pineal
gland
Neural pathways
Comissura anterior
Lâmina terminal
Anatomia Humana – Martini, Timmons & Tallitsch
Lobo piramidal
Tireóide
Anatomia Humana – Martini, Timmons & Tallitsch
Paratireóides
Anatomia Humana – Martini, Timmons & Tallitsch
Pâncreas
GLÂNDULAS ADRENAIS OU SUPRARRENAIS
Connective
tissue capsule
Zona glomerulosa
(secretes
mineralocorticoids)
Zona fasciculata
(secretes
glucocorticoids)
Zona reticularis
(secretes
androgens)
Secretes
epinephrine and
norepinephrine
Superior suprarenal artery
Adrenal gland
Abdominal aorta
Middle suprarenal artery
Inferior suprarenal artery
Renal artery
Renal vein
Adipose tissue
Kidney
Ureter
LM 100´
Adrenal
glands
Anterior view(a)
(b)
Cortex
Medulla
Adrenal
gland
Anatomia Humana – Martini, Timmons & Tallitsch
Timo 
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Tireóide
Anatomia Humana – Martini, Timmons & Tallitsch
Bolsa Testicular
Gônadas – testículos
BIBLIOGRAFIA INDICADA PARA CONSULTA AOS 
CONCEITOS E FIGURAS RELACIONADAS A ESTA AULA
1. Princípios de Anatomia e Fisiologia – Gerard J. Torotra and Bryan Derrickson.
Ed. GEN/Guanabara Koogan. 14ª ed, 2016.
2. PROMETHEUS. Atlas de Anatomia, por Michael Schünke, Erik Schulte & Udo
Schumacher, Ed. GEN/Guanabara Koogan, ed. 2019.
3. Anatomia Humana. Martini, Timmons and Tallitsch. Ed. ARTMED.
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