02JUL2024 mission sharing 2 julupdate

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<p>CPT MONICA</p><p>12th Peace Operations Course for Women</p><p>Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen! First of all, I would like to thank this school for the invitation. For me, it is an honor and a pleasure to be here with you. I am Captain Monica and I am going to talk about my experience in Lebanon.</p><p>UNIFIL</p><p>United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon</p><p>Lessons Learned</p><p>Today I will share with you my experience in UNIFIL</p><p>Convey the experiences acquired as Legal Advisor to the UNIFIL Maritime Task Force Command.</p><p>Share experiences as a peacekeeper in a UN mission.</p><p>PURPOSES</p><p>My purposes are</p><p>Convey the experiences acquired as Legal Advisor to the UNIFIL Maritime Task Force Command</p><p>and</p><p>Share experiences as a peacekeeper in a UN mission.</p><p>Introduction – Lebanon/ UNIFIL / MTF</p><p>Tasks</p><p>- LEGAD (Legal Advisor)</p><p>- NIO (National Investigation Officer)</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>AGENDA</p><p>This is our agenda / Our agenda for today based on</p><p>LEBANON</p><p>First of all, let’s start off by answering the question:</p><p>Where is Lebanon? It is a small country with approximately the same size of Rio State, situated among Syria, Israel and the Mediterranean Sea with almost 7 million inhabitants, majority Muslim</p><p>Almost 2 million Syrian and Palestinian refugees</p><p>LEBANON</p><p>Now let’s talk about some important details regarding Lebanon: … There are almost 2 million Syrian and Palestinian refugees</p><p>Spoken languages: Arabic, English and French</p><p>LEBANON</p><p>There are three official languages in Lebanon: Arabic, English and French.</p><p>The Lebanese government structure is centered on the division of power between the main religious groups.</p><p>LEBANON</p><p>The Lebanese government is divided among the main religious groups.</p><p>The president is a Maronite (Maronaite) Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim and the speaker of parliament is a Shia Muslim.</p><p>Faced 15 years of civil war and had several conflicts with Israel</p><p>LEBANON</p><p>Lebanon has faced 15 years of conflicts such as a civil war and still tackes issues with Israel</p><p>Lebanon's economy is fragile and affected by issues with refugees and the uncertain demarcation of the borders with Israel.</p><p>LEBANON</p><p>In terms of economy, Lebanon is consider to be frail and affected by issues with refugees and the uncertain demarcation of the borders with Israel</p><p>The economy is concentrated in trade and services, tourism, industry and agriculture</p><p>THE UN IN LEBANON</p><p>In March 1978, the Resolutions 425 and 426 from the UNSC created UNIFIL</p><p>It started to accompany the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the country</p><p>Purposes:</p><p>Maintain the ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon</p><p>Provide humanitarian assistance to the local population</p><p>The UN got to Lebanon in March 1978, when the Security Council created UNIFIL.</p><p>The mission aimed</p><p>to confirm the Israeli troops withdrawal from Lebanon,</p><p>restore international peace and security and</p><p>help the Lebanese government reestablish its effective authority in the area.</p><p>6</p><p>12</p><p>UNIFIL – AREA OF OPERATIONS</p><p>On the ground, this is UNIFIL's area of ​​activity, which covers the area between the Litani River (in the north) and the Blue Line (in the south).</p><p>This area is divided into two main sectors, with 5 battalions in the West Sector and 4 in the East Sector. [West: Korea, Italy, Malaysia, Ghana, Ireland; East: Indonesia, Nepal, Spain, India]</p><p>Pay attention! The Blue Line is not the border between Israel and Lebanon, it is the Line of Withdrawal of Israeli troops from Lebanon. The blue line is demarcated by blue barrels along it. To this day, there is no definition of limits.</p><p>UNIFIL</p><p>ISRAELI OFFENSIVE AGAINST HIZBOLLAH</p><p>AUGUST 2006</p><p>RESOLUTION 1701 UNSC</p><p>INCREASE IN THE STRENGHT</p><p>EXTENSION OF THE MANDATE</p><p>SEPTEMBER 2006</p><p>LETTER FROM THE PRIME MINISTER</p><p>UN RESPONSE – CREATION OF THE MTF</p><p>NAVAL BLOCKADE</p><p>TO STOP THE ENTRY OF WEAPONS</p><p>In 2006, a new conflict between two countries took place and Israel blocked the Lebanese Sea.</p><p>The Prime Minister requested help from the UN. So, in response, the UN issued Resolution 1701, which established a Maritime Task Force.</p><p>THE MTF TASKS</p><p>Train Lebanese Navy</p><p>Protect the Lebanon Sea from the illegal entry of weapons, patrolling the Lebanese territorial sea</p><p>Contribute with the gathering of information regarding the air framework in the Maritime Area of Operations and the Area of Operations</p><p>And which are the MTF tasks?</p><p>The tasks of the MTF are:</p><p>Train the Lebanese Navy</p><p>Protect the Lebanon Sea, preventing the illegal entry of weapons</p><p>Collect information regarding air movement in the Maritime Operations Area and the Operations Area</p><p>BRAZILIAN NAVY IN THE MISSION</p><p>Brazil was in the mission from 2011 up to 2020</p><p>Brazil commanded the fleet and participated with a frigate with 200 crew members and 12 staff officers</p><p>The fleet was composed by 6 countries vessels: Brazil, Germany, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Greece and Turkey</p><p>And when did Brazil participate in the mission?</p><p>Brazil was in the mission from 2011 up to 2020</p><p>Brazil commanded the fleet and participated with a frigate with 200 crew members and 12 staff officers</p><p>The fleet was composed by 6 countries vessels: Brazil, Germany, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Greece and Turkey</p><p>110 nm</p><p>43 nm</p><p>Limassol</p><p>Tripoli</p><p>Beirut</p><p>Sidon</p><p>Tyros</p><p>Zone 1 12-43 nm</p><p>Zone 2 0-12 nm</p><p>Zone 3 6-12 nm</p><p>Zone 4 0-6 nm</p><p>Golan</p><p>Hights</p><p>AO</p><p>Blue Line</p><p>Zone 4</p><p>Zone 2</p><p>12 nm</p><p>Zone 3</p><p>Mersin</p><p>Naqoura</p><p>ISRAEL</p><p>CYPRUS</p><p>TURKEY</p><p>LEBANON</p><p>SYRIA</p><p>6 nm</p><p>Zone 1 International waters</p><p>48 nm</p><p>AREA OF MARITIME OPERATIONS</p><p>MTF operates in Area of Maritime Operation (AMO).</p><p>It is divided in 4 Zones as we can see.</p><p>The zones 4, 3, 2 correspond to territorial waters and the zone 1 corresponds to international waters until the limits of 43 nm</p><p>Zone 2 is also used as safety zone for Tripartite Meeting</p><p>Inside these zones the units also provide information about air activities such as drones and aircrafts.</p><p>There are 3 ports of call for MTF units: Beirut, Limassol (Cyprus), Mersin (Turkey)</p><p>This “disputed area” is marked by a line of buoys situated on the north of Israel, South of Lebanon, not recognized by Lebanon.</p><p>ZONE 1</p><p>ZONE 3</p><p>ZONE 2</p><p>ZONE 4</p><p>Sidon</p><p>ZONE 1 NORTH</p><p>ZONE 1 CENTER</p><p>ZONE 1 SOUTH</p><p>110 nm</p><p>48 nm</p><p>43 nm</p><p>Sidon</p><p>Beirut</p><p>Tripoli</p><p>17</p><p>The Zone 1 is divided into 3 corridors of patrol, which is monitored 24/7.</p><p>This is the area where the Maritime Task Force operated. It corresponds to the International Waters.</p><p>One vessel patrolled Zone 1 North, another vessel patrolled Zone 1 Center and another vessel patrolled Zone 1 South.</p><p>MTF - BATTLE ORDER</p><p>The Battle Order defines the ships available for patrolling 24/7.</p><p>There were six vessels and only three were used each time in accordance with a planning.</p><p>This is an example of Battle Order.</p><p>19</p><p>MISSION AND ORGANIZATION</p><p>SIMPLIFIED CHAIN OF COMMAND</p><p>There was a chain of command. The Major General Stefano DEL COL had to functions. He was the Head of Mission and Force Commander was.</p><p>The Maritime Task Force reported directly to the HoM/FC.</p><p>Ashore - NAQ</p><p>On Board – flag ship</p><p>Mobile group</p><p>DMTFC-COS</p><p>GENERAL STAFF ORGANIZATION</p><p>This was the MTF general staff organization.</p><p>As you can see, I was here as a Legal Ad and reported to the MTF Commander.</p><p>Provide legal advisory to the MTF Commander and the MTF General Staff regarding:</p><p>UNSCR and UNIFIL Mandate</p><p>Law of the Sea, International Law and International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law</p><p>Relevant international agreements and legal instruments</p><p>Rules of Engagement and Use of Force</p><p>LEG AD Responsibilities</p><p>These were the tasks of the Legal Advisor.</p><p>What subjects did I advise?</p><p>Provide legal advisory to the MTF Commander and the MTF General Staff regarding:</p><p>Detention, transfer and treatment of detainees</p><p>Advisory on legal implications during the planning, execution and post-action phases of operations.</p><p>LEG AD Responsibilities</p><p>Also regarding to:</p><p>Detention, transfer</p><p>and treatment of detainees</p><p>Legal implications, during planning, execution and post-action phases of operations</p><p>For example, on my first week as a legal advisor, the MTF commander requested me an advise about an intercepted a boat of refugees, that refused to return to the harbour.</p><p>National Investigation Officer</p><p>(NIO)</p><p>Examine and investigate all alleged cases of misconduct committed by contingent members, especially SEA (Sex Exploitation and Abuse)</p><p>What NIO does?</p><p>Examine and investigate all alleged cases of misconduct committed by contingent members, especially SEA (sex exploitation and abuse)</p><p>National Investigation Officer</p><p>(NIO)</p><p>Other responsibilities of the NIO are:</p><p>Advise the Contingent Commander on matters of conduct and discipline</p><p>Prepare investigation reports to national authorities within the set deadlines, setting out the findings and conclusions</p><p>Other responsibilities of the NIO are:</p><p>Advise the Contingent Commander on matters of conduct and discipline</p><p>Prepare investigation reports to national authorities within the set deadlines, setting out the findings and conclusions</p><p>MTF ACTION PLAN</p><p>Induction training:</p><p>For all MTF Personnel in UN Peacekeeping Operations</p><p>All MTF vessels receive training as soon as they join MTF</p><p>Frequency: rotation of crew</p><p>To conduct Induction Training as part of my job when the rotation of crew took place.</p><p>ISRAEL X LEBANON</p><p>Until today the boundary between Israel and Lebanon is not solved, so the conflict persists and the area is unstable.</p><p>REFUGEES</p><p>By this last week, article as you can see, Lebanon still tackles problems with refugees.</p><p>ROUTINE AT THE BASE</p><p>There were around 12,000 people from 44 countries</p><p>The military in Naqoura are accommodated in the Base own facilities</p><p>The Base has offices, barracks, convenience areas, mess halls, restaurants, stores, gym and pool</p><p>After talking about relevant data concerning Lebanon, the mission and the MTF, I am going to present my routine at the military base.</p><p>There were around 12,000 people from 44 countries</p><p>The military in Naqoura are accommodated in the Base own facilities</p><p>The Base has offices, billeting, convenience areas, mess halls, restaurants, stores, gym and pool for the well-fare of the troops.</p><p>ROUTINE AT THE BASE</p><p>Working hours from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. with one hour for lunch but the servicemen are available 24/7</p><p>There is a duty roster</p><p>There are several ceremonies at the base and on the vessel because the military personnel was distributed on shore and on board.</p><p>Working hours from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. with one hour for lunch but the servicemen are available 24/7</p><p>There is a duty roster</p><p>There are several ceremonies at the base and on the vessel because the military personnel was distributed on shore and on board.</p><p>I am going to show some facilities of the Base.</p><p>FACILITIES</p><p>These are facilities of the Base.</p><p>This is the Brazilian House, the offices and the place where we took photos with the contingent</p><p>BRAZILIAN HOUSE</p><p>There are photographs of the inside and outside of the Brazilian House</p><p>The Brazilian House is a place where servicemen get together in order to chat, talk and relax.</p><p>ROUTINE AT THE BASE</p><p>On the left, it’s my office, you can see me with my coworkers discussing some issues.</p><p>And on the right, we have the Shelter training.</p><p>ROUTINE AT THE BASE</p><p>In the first picture, we received the MTF Commander, because he spent most of his time on the vessel</p><p>The second I brought to show the cultural difference, as you can see, the Bangladesh serviceman grows beard.</p><p>ROUTINE AT THE BASE</p><p>Added, we visited to the Indonesian Battalion.</p><p>It was usual swapping the flags between peacekeepers.</p><p>FAMILY VISIT AT THE BASE</p><p>It was allowed to take our family for a visit as long as you asked Lebanese Navy for authorization.</p><p>My family visited me on the base.</p><p>HQ GENDER CHALLENGES</p><p>Women are absolute minority</p><p>Facilities (bathrooms) are mixed (shared by men and women) and are not totally adapted yet</p><p>There is mutual respect among genders and hierarchy</p><p>Although more women are working at the Base there are still some challenges as:</p><p>We are absolute minority</p><p>Facilities (bathrooms) are mixed (shared by men and women) and are not totally adapted yet</p><p>But I need to say that there is mutual respect among genders and hierarchy</p><p>TRANSFER OF AUTHORITY - TOA</p><p>Let us watch a video about the transfer of authority from Brazil to Germany.</p><p>WHO IS SHE?</p><p>She ....</p><p>was the first Brazilian servicewoman to join a peacekeeping mission at sea and also the first to serve with the Department of Peace Operations at the UN headquarters in New York</p><p>during her mission, she deeply connected with the local population, sharing our Brazilian culture and embodying our values</p><p>is retiring with a brilliant career and a beautiful story to tell</p><p>She:</p><p>was the first Brazilian servicewoman to join a peacekeeping mission at sea and also the first to serve with the Department of Peace Operations at the UN headquarters in New York</p><p>during her mission, she deeply connected with the local population, sharing our Brazilian culture and embodying our values</p><p>is retiring with a brilliant career and a beautiful story to tell</p><p>She encouraged me to participate in the mission without even knowing me</p><p>Carla ...</p><p>is an inspiration not just for me, but for countless girls and women who aspire to make a meaningful impact.</p><p>I extend my eternal gratitude to her for supporting me in living out this experience.</p><p>Dreaming of contributing to peace I have been fortunate to become part of this journey.</p><p>Carla</p><p>is an inspiration not just for me, but for countless girls and women who aspire to make a meaningful impact.</p><p>I extend my eternal gratitude to her for supporting me in living out this experience.</p><p>Dreaming of contributing to peace I have been fortunate to become part of this journey.</p><p>“ In my small office, I diligently fulfill the tasks assigned to me, making a modest, yet significant contribution to world peace.”</p><p>I would like to finish saying that, on my last day I wrote,</p><p>in my small office, I diligently fulfill the tasks assigned to me, making a modest, yet significant contribution to world peace</p><p>QUESTIONS</p><p>PACIS NAUTAE</p><p>CAPTAIN MONICA</p><p>monicathuler2015@hotmail.com</p><p>monica.thuler@marinha.mil.br</p><p>Are there any questions? 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