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309) 
Today’s pirates know that many commercial vessels are tracked, especially those would be targets sailing in what are known to be hostile waters. So disabling vessel
tracking equipment on board is a sensible action for said pirates after a hijacked ship’s crew have been subdued and because most tracking units are powered by the
vessel, finding and cutting the power supply isn’t hard. RockFLEET, however, is the only device of its kind with an internal battery backup, so it can continue to transmit
position for up to two weeks if external power is cut.
 
With facility to mount covertly, this makes it especially suitable for vessels traversing piracy hotspots.
Available at: . Retrieved on: Jan, 7th, 2015. Adapted.
 
The boldfaced verb conveys the idea of hypothesis in
a) “More so than many other fields of business, the maritime industry is focused on cost”
b) “more often than not there will be an associated cost”
c) “it must also be available in any software system the user chooses”
d) “The value of this information should a vessel be hijacked is obvious”
e) “so it can continue to transmit position for up to two weeks”
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CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Vendas a Rede Automotiva/2015
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (Grammatics)
Natural gas waits for its moment
Paul Stenquist
Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles on
the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have
substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase,
perhaps substantially.
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take
you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance
costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem parts
last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were
production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor
Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy
Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production
process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed
automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5
miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
 
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine
designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which would
cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline can be
nullified.[...]
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations
for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling
equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that
network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the
vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressed natural
gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.
[...]
Available at: . Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.
 
In the statement “As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations”, the expression as of means:
a) In 2009
b) Since 2009
c) Around 2009
d) Before 2009
e) Comparing to 2009
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601495
CESGRANRIO - Prof Jun (BR)/BR/Vendas a Rede Automotiva/2015
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https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/601495