material de estudo CXXXVIII

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Explanation: Coal is a non-renewable resource that, when extracted and burned for 
energy, raises environmental concerns due to its polluting effects and finite availability. 
 
68) The phenomenon of "climate refugees" refers to individuals or communities forced to 
leave their homes due to environmental changes such as rising sea levels, extreme 
weather events, and resource scarcity. Which of the following regions is most likely to 
experience significant displacement of climate refugees in the coming years? 
A) Arctic regions 
B) Coastal areas vulnerable to flooding 
C) Mountainous regions with stable climates 
D) Desert regions with consistent temperatures 
E) Urban areas with high infrastructure 
Correct option: B 
Explanation: Coastal areas vulnerable to flooding due to climate change are expected to 
experience significant displacement of climate refugees as sea levels rise and extreme 
weather events increase. 
 
69) The term "cultural landscape" refers to the visible imprint of human activity on the 
natural environment. Which of the following is an example of a cultural landscape that 
reflects the interaction between human culture and the environment? 
A) National parks 
B) Urban centers 
C) Agricultural fields 
D) Desert ecosystems 
E) Mountain ranges 
Correct option: C 
Explanation: Agricultural fields are a prime example of cultural landscapes, demonstrating 
how humans modify the environment for food production and other uses. 
 
70) In the context of global trade, which term describes the practice of countries imposing 
tariffs or quotas on imported goods to protect domestic industries, often leading to trade 
disputes and economic tension? 
A) Free trade 
B) Protectionism 
C) Comparative advantage 
D) Globalization 
E) Trade liberalization 
Correct option: B 
Explanation: Protectionism involves implementing tariffs and quotas to shield domestic 
industries from foreign competition, which can lead to trade disputes and economic 
conflicts. 
 
71) Which of the following terms describes a geographical area where two different 
ecosystems meet and interact, often resulting in a unique blend of species and 
environmental conditions, making it a focus for ecological studies? 
A) Biome 
B) Ecoregion 
C) Ecotone 
D) Habitat 
E) Niche 
Correct option: C 
Explanation: An ecotone is a transition area between two ecosystems, characterized by 
unique biodiversity and species interactions, making it important for ecological research. 
 
72) The term "sustainable agriculture" refers to farming practices that prioritize 
environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity. Which of the following 
practices is commonly associated with sustainable agriculture? 
A) Monoculture farming 
B) Pesticide application 
C) Crop rotation and organic farming 
D) Intensive livestock production 
E) Deforestation for farmland 
Correct option: C 
Explanation: Sustainable agriculture often involves practices like crop rotation and organic 
farming, which enhance soil health and reduce environmental impact. 
 
73) Which of the following regions is characterized by a Mediterranean climate, known for 
its hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters, and is home to unique ecosystems and 
agricultural practices? 
A) The Amazon Basin 
B) The Sahel region 
C) The Mediterranean Basin 
D) The Arctic tundra 
E) The Himalayan foothills 
Correct option: C 
Explanation: The Mediterranean Basin features a distinct Mediterranean climate, 
supporting diverse ecosystems and agricultural practices suited to its seasonal weather 
patterns. 
 
74) The phenomenon of "urbanization" involves the migration of populations from rural to 
urban areas. Which of the following factors is a significant driver of urbanization in 
developing countries? 
A) Decreased rural job opportunities 
B) Increased birth rates in rural areas 
C) Enhanced agricultural productivity 
D) Cultural preservation 
E) Improved rural infrastructure 
Correct option: A 
Explanation: Urbanization is often driven by declining job opportunities in rural areas, 
prompting individuals to migrate to cities in search of better economic prospects. 
 
75) Which of the following geographical concepts refers to the spatial arrangement of 
economic activities across a region, influencing local development and resource 
allocation? 
A) Economic geography 
B) Cultural geography 
C) Political geography 
D) Physical geography 
E) Social geography 
Correct option: A 
Explanation: Economic geography examines how economic activities are distributed 
across space and their implications for local development and resource management.