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D ir e ito s D ifu so s e C o le tiv o s �, "0� �& +4& "'� �� ��' ,0 � ,JG EG LGJ <= &MK LAY9 <G )= AG �E :A= FL= �) =KL J= = GML GJ =E AJ =ALG K A>M KGK =� GD= LAN GK H=D 9, 1� /, �, JG> =KK GJ G MLG J< 9, 1� /, =�< G�� GE HD= PG� &MJ ]<A ;G� =�" 9;M D<9 <=� 9 EU KAG �<= �&= KMK � �"+ ')� )� �� )"� '� 5% (� $ &MA R< = AJ= ALG =E /XG ,9M DG� G MLG JH =D9 1F AN= JKA< 9<= <= /XG ,9M DG� ,JG >=K KGJ <= AJ =ALG �AN AD ,JG ;=K KG �AN AD AJ =ALG <G �G FKM E� A<G J= 0Z ;FA ;9K <= !KL M<G FG �G EH D=P G& MJ] <A; G 9E UKA G< =& =KM K = <= $= JE =F\ MLA ;9 &MJ ]<A ;9 F9 "9; MD< 9<= <= AJ =ALG ,JG >=K KGJ 9 EU KAG <= &=K MK� �LM 99 AF< 9F GK ;MJ KGK <= H_K �?J 9<M 9YX Gs tr ic to se n su <9 1* %) !/ �l�/ 9FL GK� S U M ç R IO P ar te I Ð D ir ei to d o c o n su m id o r (L ei n . 8 .0 78 /9 0) 1. O S IS T E M A C O N S U M E R IS T A 2 . R E L A Ì O D E C O N S U M O ��� ��G F;= ALG ��� �"G JF= ;=< GJ ��� ��G FKM EA <GJ ��� �,J G<M LG ��� �/= JNA YG ��� �/= JNA YG� Hb: DA;G 3. P O L êT IC A N A C IO N A L D E R E L A Í E S D E C O N S U M O ( P N R C ) ��� �+: B=LA NGK ��� �,J AF; ]HA GK ��� �!P =;M YXG �<9 �,* .� 4. D IR E IT O S B ç S IC O S D O S C O N S U M ID O R E S 5 . P R E V E N Ì O 6 . R E S P O N S A B IL ID A D E C IV IL ��� �.= KHG FK9 :AD A<9 <=� H=D G�> 9LG �<G �HJ G<M LG� �9J L��� �� ��� ���. =KH GFK 9:A DA< 9<= �<G �;G E= J;A 9FL =�� 9JL ���� � ��� �.= KHG FK9 :AD A<9 <=� H=D G�> 9LG �<G �K= JNA YG� �9J L��� �� ��� ���. =KH GFK 9:A DA< 9<= �<G �HJ G>A KKA GF9 D�DA :=J 9D�� 9JL ���� �e� �h� ��� �.= KHG FK9 :AD A<9 <=� H=D G�N ];AG �<G �HJ G<M LG� =�K =JN AYG ��9 JLK� ��� �9�� �� ��� ���2 ];AG �<= �IM 9DA< 9<= �<G �HJ G<M LG ��� ���2 ];AG �<= �IM 9FL A<9 <=� <G� HJG <ML G ��� ���2 ];AG �<= �IM 9DA< 9<= �<G �K= JNA YG 7. D E C A D æ N C IA E P R E S C R I Ì O ��� � = ;9< \F; A9 ��� �,J =K; JAY XG 8. D E S C O N S ID E R A Ì O D A P E R S O N A L ID A D E J U R êD IC A 9 . P R ç T IC A S C O M E R C IA IS ��� �+> =JL 9�� 9JL K��� ��� �� ��� �,M :DA ;A< 9<= ��9 JLK� ��� ��� � ��� �,J ULA; 9K� 9:M KAN 9K� �9J L��� ��l �JG D�=P =E HDA >A; 9LAN G� ��� ��G :J9 FY9 �<= �<] NA< 9K� �9J L��� �� ��� ��9 F;G K�< =�< 9<G K�= �;9 <9K LJG K�< =�; GFK ME A<G J=K ��9 JLK� ��� �=�� �� 10 . P R O T E Ì O C O N T R A T U A L ��� ��/ AKL= E9 �<= �HJ GL= YXG �;G FLJ 9LM 9D�< G�� � ��9 JLK� ��� �9�� �� ��� ��� DUM KMD 9K� 9:M KAN 9K� �9J L��� ��l �JG D�=P =E HDA >A; 9LAN G� ��� ��+ MLJ GK� 9KH =;L GK� ;GF LJ9 LM9 AK�� 9JL K��� ��= ��� � ��� ��� GFL J9L GK� <=� 9<= KXG ��9 JL�� ��� 11 . T U T E L A P E N A L E P R O C E S S U A L P E N A L 12 . T U T E L A P R O C E S S U A L C IV IL ��� ��0 ML= D9�E =L9 AF< ANA <M9 D P ar te II Ð D ir ei to d o m ei o a m b ie n te 1. D IS P O S IT IV O S F U N D A M E N T A IS D A C O N S T IT U I Ì O F E D E R A L 2. M E IO A M B IE N T E C O M O D IR E IT O F U N D A M E N T A L E D IF U S O �� �� � � 3 . E S P C IE S 4 . P R IN C êP IO S 5 . C O M P E T æ N C IA 6 . P O L êT IC A N A C IO N A L D O M E IO A M B IE N T E ( P N M A ) ��� �+: B=LA NGK �?= J9A K�< 9�, *) � ��� �+: B=LA NGK �=K H=; ]>A; GK� <9� ,* )� ��� �,J AF; ]HA GK� <9� ,* )� ��� �%F KLJM E= FLG K�< 9�, *) � ��� �/A KL= E9 �*9 ;AG F9D �<= �) =AG ��E :A= FL= ��/ %/* �) �� 7. L IC E N C IA M E N T O A M B IE N T A L 8. A V A L IA Ì O D E I M P A C T O S A M B IE N T A IS ( A IA ) ��� �!K LM< G�H JZN AG� <=� AE H9; LG� 9E :A= FL9 D��! %� � ��� �.= D9L_ JAG �<= �AE H9; LG� 9E :A= FL9 D��. %) �� ��� �,M :DA ;A< 9<= �=�H 9JL A;AH 9YX G�H b:D A;9 ��� ��M <A\ F;A 9�H b:D A;9 ��� �+M LJ9 K�E G<9 DA< 9<= K�< =�9 N9D A9Y XG� <=� AE H9; LG� 9E :A= FL9 D��� %� � 9. Z O N E A M E N T O A M B IE N T A L 10 . T O M B A M E N T O 1 1 . IN F R A Í E S E S A N Í E S A D M IN IS T R A T IV A S 1 2 . T U T E L A C IV IL 1 3 . T U T E L A P R -P R O C E S S U A L 1 4 . T U T E L A P R O C E S S U A L ��� ��� YXG �;AN AD�H b:D A;9 �9E :A= FL9 D��� �, � ��� ��� YXG �HG HMD 9J� 9E :A= FL9 D�;G FKL ALM ;AG F9D ��� ��) 9F< 9<G �<= �K= ?MJ 9FY 9�; GD= LAN G�9 E: A=F L9D ��� ��) 9F< 9<G �<= �AF BMF YXG �9E :A= FL9 D 15 . T U T E L A P E N A L E P R O C E S S U A L P E N A L �� �� � � ��� ��* GJE 9�H =F9 D�9E :A= FL9 D ��� ��� GE H=L \F; A9 ��� ��� GF; MJK G�< =�9 ?=F L=K �=�G EA KKX G�H =F9 DE =FL =�J =D= N9F L= ��� ��. =KH GFK 9:A DA< 9<= �H= F9D �<9 �H= KKG 9�BM J]< A;9 ��� ��� HDA ;9Y XG� <9� H=F 9 ��� ��, =F9 K�J= KLJA LAN 9K� <=� <AJ =ALG K�9 HDA ;UN =AK �VK �H= KKG 9K� >]KA ;9K ��� �S u rs is 9E :A= FL9 D ��� ��) MDL 9 ��� ��, =J] ;A9 ��� ��� /=F L=F Y9� ;GF <=F 9L_ JA9 ��� ��� ,=F 9K� 9HD A;U N=A K�V K�H =KK G9K �BM J]< A;9 K ��� ��� �Y XG� H=F 9D ��� ��� %F> J9Y XG� <=� E= FGJ �HG L=F ;A9 D�G >=F KAN G�� %) ,+ � ��� �� S u rs is HJG ;=K KM9 D ��� ��� �JA E= K�= E� =KH Z;A = P ar te II I Ð E st at u to d a C ri an a ed o A d o le sc en te ( L ei n . 8 .0 69 /9 0) 1. V IS Ì O C O N S T IT U C IO N A L 2. D IR E IT O S F U N D A M E N T A IS ��� � A J=A LG� V�N A<9 �=�V �K9 b<= ��� � A J=A LG� V�DA :=J <9< = �9 G�J =KH =ALG �=�V �<A ?FA <9< = ��� � A J=A LG� V�; GFN AN\ F;A 9�> 9E ADA9 J�= �;G EM FAL UJA 9 ��� ���" 9E ]DA9 �F9 LMJ 9D ��� ���" 9E ]DA9 �KM :KL ALM L9 ��� ��D A=F 9YX G�H 9J= FL9 D ��� � A J=A LG� V�= <M; 9YX G �V �;M DLM J9 �9G �=K HGJ L=�= �9G �D9R =J ��� � A J=A LG� V�H JG> AKK AGF 9DAR 9YX G�= �V�H JGL =YX G�F G�L J9: 9D@ G �� � �� 3. N O R M A S D E P R E V E N Ì O ��� �*G JE 9K� =KH =;] >A; 9K� <=� HJG L=Y XG 4. E N T ID A D E S D E A T E N D IM E N T O 5. D A S M E D ID A S D E P R O T E Ì O 6 . P R ç T IC A D E A T O I N F R A C IO N A L ��� � A J=A LGK �AF <AN A<M 9AK �<G �9< GD= K;= FL= ��� �#9 J9F LA9K �HJ G;= KKM 9AK ��� � 9 K�E =<A <9K �KG ;AG =<M ;9L AN9 K 7. D A S M E D ID A S P E R T IN E N T E S A O S P A IS O U R E S P O N S ç V E L 8. D O C O N S E L H O T U T E L A R 9. D O A C E S S O Ë J U S T I A ��� � 9 �H= J<9 �=�K MKH =FK XG� <G� HG< =J� >9E ADA9 J ��� � 9 �;G DG; 9YX G�= E� >9E ]DA9 �KM :KL ALM L9 ��� �$A H_L =K= �<= �BM JAK< AYX G�N GDM FLU JA9 ��< =KF =;= KKA <9< =�< =�9 <NG ?9< G� ��� �.= 9DAR 9YX G�< =�= KLM <G� KG; A9D ��� � 9 �9H MJ9 YXG �<= �9LG �AF >J9 ;AG F9D �9LJ A:M ]<G �9�9 <GD =K; =FL = ��� ���" D9? J9F L=�< =�9 LG� AF> J9; AGF 9D ��� ���� <GD =K; =FL =�9 HJ= =F< A<G �HG J�G J<= E� BM< A;A9 D ��� ���% F<] ;AG K�< =�H 9JL A;AH 9YX G�< =�9 <GD =K; =FL =�F 9�H JUL A;9 �<= �9LG �AF >J9 ;AG F9D ��� ��G F<M YXG �<G �9< GD= K;= FL= 10 . P R O C E D IM E N T O 11 . D O S R E C U R S O S 1 2 . D O M IN IS T R IO P ò B L IC O 1 3 . D O A D V O G A D O 1 4 . D A P R O T E Ì O J U D IC IA L D O S I N T E R E S S E S I N D IV ID U A IS , D IF U S O S E C O L E T IV O S ��� �� 9K� G:J A?9 Ya= K�< =�> 9R= J�< G�, G<= J�, b:D A;G �� � � � ��� ��� GE H=L \F; A9 ��� ��( =?A LAE 9YX G�H 9J9 �HJ GHG J�9 YXG ��� ��� GE HJG EA KKG �<= �9BM KL9 E= FLG ��� ��� YXG �E 9F< 9E =FL 9D ��� ��0 ML= D9�= KH= ;]> A;9 ��� ��0 ML= D9�D AE AF9 J ��� ��) MDL 9�< AUJ A9 ��� ��! >=A LG� KMK H=F KAN G�9 GK� J=; MJK GK ��� ��� !P =;M YXG �<9 �9Y XG 15 . D O S C R IM E S E D A S I N F R A Í E S A D M IN IS T R A T IV A S ��� �� GK� ;JA E= K ��� �� 9K� AF> J9Y a=K �9< EA FAK LJ9 LAN 9K 16 . C O N S ID E R A Í E S F IN A IS �� �� � � P ar te I D IR E IT O D O C O N S U M ID O R ( L E I N . 8. 07 8/ 90 ) �, "0� �& +4& "'� �� ��' ,0 � 1. O S IS T E M A C O N S U M E R IS T A � �G FKL ALM AYX G" =<= J9D F Ga rt . 5h, X X X II = KL9 :=D =;= ; GE G< AJ= ALG >MF <9� E= FL9 D I M= mo E st a d o p ro m o ve r , n a fo rm a d a le i, a p ro te o d o co n su m id o rn� G ar t. 17 0, ca p u t < AKH a= KG: J= 9G J<= E =;G F`E A;9 ;GE GE =AG H9J 99 KK= ?MJ 9J =PA KL\ F� ;A9 <A? F9 VK H=K KG9 K= AE H`K G:K =JN WF; A9 <= HJA F;] HAG K =FL J= =D= K G< 9d ef es a d o co n su m id o r �in ci so V ��= Ga rt .4 8 <9K AK HGK AYa =K �G FKL ALM ;AG F9A K0 J9F KAL_ JA9 K H GJ >AE < =L= JE AFG M9 =D9 :GJ 9YX G< =M E �_ <A? G< = =>= K9 <G �G FKM EA <GJ 9< NAF <G <9] 9 L ei n .8 .0 78 /9 0 �; GF@ =;A <9� ;GE G�� _<A ?G� <=� = >=K 9�< G�� GFK ME A<G J��� � �� 2. R E L A Ì O D E C O N S U M O 2. 1 C o n ce it o .= D9Y XG BMJ ]<A ;9 <= ;GF KME GZ 9IM =D9 >GJ E9 <9 =FL J= >GJ F=; =<G J= ;GF KME A<G J L=F <G� HGJ �G: B=LG �HJ G<M LGK �= G M�K =JN AYG K� 2. 2 F o rn ec ed o r m"G JF= ;=< GJ ZL G<9 H=K KG9 >]KA ;9 GM BMJ ]<A ;9 Hb: DA;9 GM HJA N9< 9 F9; AGF 9D GM =KL J9F ?=A J9 :=E ;GE GG K= FL= K< =KH =JK GF9 DAR9 <GK I M= <=K =FN GDN =E 9LAN A<9 <=K <= HJG <MY XG EG FL9 ?=E ; JA9 YXG ; GFK LJM YXG LJ 9FK >GJ E9 YXG AE HGJ L9Y XG =PH GJL 9YX G <AK LJA: MAY XG GM ;GE =J; A9DA R9Y XG <= HJG <ML GK GM HJ= KL9 YXG <= K=J NAY GKn �9J L� �h ca p u t�� 2. 3 C o n su m id o r 9� �G FKM EA <GJ F GK L=J EG K< Ga rt .2 h Z m0 G<9 H=K KG9 >]KA ;9 GM BMJ ]<A ;9 IM= 9<� IMA J=� GM� MLA DAR9 �HJ G<M LG� GM� K=J NAY G�; GE G�< =KL AF9 LUJ AG� >AF 9Dn � :� M 9K ;GJ J=F L=K HJG ;MJ 9E =PH DA;9 J9 =PH J=K KXG m<= KLAF 9LU JAG >AF 9Dn �9 <GK >A� F9D AKL9 K�= �9�< GK� E9 PAE 9DAK L9K � ¥ H9J 9G K> AF9 DAKL 9K m<= KLAF 9LU JAG >AF 9Dn ZG d es ti n a t ri o f ti co e ec o n m ic o <G HJG <ML G�G M�K =JN AYG � ¥ H9J 9G KE 9PA E9 DAKL 9K m<= KLAF 9LU JAG >AF 9Dn K=J A9 KAE HD= KE =FL =G d es ti n a t ri o f ti co <G� :=E � ;� �LM 9DE =FL =9 BMJ AKH JM< \F; A9 :J9 KAD= AJ9 = KH= ;A9 DE =FL =G /0 & 9 <GL 9G >AF 9D� AKE GH 9J9 9< =>A FAY XG <= ;GF KME A<G J�L G<9 NA9 N=E 9:J 9F< 9F< G9 FGY XG KM: B=LA N9 => A� F9D AKL9 IM= FGJ L=A9 L9D ;GE HJ= =FK XG 9:J A?9 F<G ; GE G; GFK ME A<G J H =KK G9 >]KA ;9 GM BMJ ]<A ;9 IM= 9<I MAJ =H JG< MLG GM K=J NAY G> GJ9 <= KM9 =KH =;A 9DA< 9<= �KM 9U J=9 <= 9LM � 9YX G� = IM= J=N =D= 9HJ =;A UN= DN MDF =J9 :AD A<9 <= =E J=D 9YX G V H=K KG9 BMJ ]<A ;9 >GJ F=;=<G J9� <� /G :G 9KH =;L GB MJ] <A; G G� � 9HJ =K= FL9 �; GF; =ALG KH 9J9 ;GF KME A<G J� � >MF <9E =FL 9D�= �GM LJG K�� �HG J�= IMA H9J 9YX G�� ¥ co n su m id o r em se n ti d o es tr it o L 9E :ZE ;@9 E9 <G <= p r p ri o p a d r o GM st a n d a rd �Z G< =K; JALG H=D Gc a p u t d o ar t. 2h lm 0G <9 H=K KG9 >]KA ;9 GM BMJ ]<A ;9 IM= 9<� IMA J=� GM� MLA DAR9 �HJ G<M LG� GM� K=J NAY G�; GE G�< =KL AF9 LUJ AG� >AF 9Dn � ¥ co n su m id o r em se n ti d o co le ti vo �Z G< =K; JALG H=D Gp ar g ra fo n ic o d o ar t. 2h lm !I MAH 9J9 �K= 9; GFK ME A<G J9 ;GD =LAN A<9 <= <= H=K KG9 K 9 AF< 9I M= AF< =L= JE AFU N=A K IM= �@9 B9�A FL= JNA F<G �F9 K�J= D9Y a=K �<= �;G FKM EG n� ¥ co n su m id o r mby st a n d er Ó �Z G< =K; JALG H=D Ga rt . 17 lm ���� �= IMA H9J 9E �K= 9GK ;GF KME A<G J=K �LG <9K �9K �N] LAE 9K� <G� =N= FLG n� �� �� � � ¥ co n su m id o r em se n ti d o a m p lo o u vi rt u a l�Z G< =K; JALG H=D Ga rt . 29 lm ���� � =IM AH9 J9E �K= 9GK ;GF KME A<G J=K LG< 9K 9K H=K KG9 K< =L= JE AFU N=A KG MF XG =PH GKL 9K VK HJU LA;9 K��� ���n � 2. 4 P ro d u to ���� ��m IM9 DIM =J� :=E �E _N= D�G M�A E_ N=D �E 9L= JA9 D�G M�A E9 L=J A9Dn ��9 JL�� �h �e�� h�� 2. 5 S er vi o ���� �m IM9 DIM =J 9LAN A<9 <= >GJ F=; A<9 FG E= J;9 <G <= ;GF KME G E= <A9 FL= J=E MF= J� 9YX G AF; DMK AN= 9K <= F9L MJ= R9 :9F ;UJ A9 >AF 9F; =AJ 9 <= ;JZ <AL G= K=; MJA LUJ A9 K9D NG 9K <=; GJJ =FL =K� <9K �J= D9Y a=K �<= �;9 JUL =J� LJ9 :9D @AK L9n ��9 JL�� �h �e�� h�� 2. 6 S er vi o p b lic o 9� /=J NAY GK Hb: DA;G K; GF> A?M J9E J=D 9YX G< =; GFK ME G� 9H =KK G9 BMJ ]<A ;9 <= <AJ =ALG Hb: DA;G Z> GJF =;= <GJ 9� ar t. 3h, ca p u t� IM9 DIM =J 9LAN A<9 <= HJ= KL9 <9 FG E= J� ;9< G< =; GFK ME GZ ;GF KA< =J9 <9 K=J NAY G� ar t. 3h, ¤ 2h� =; GFK ME A<G JZ LG< 9H =KK G9 >]KA ;9 GM BMJ ]<A ;9 IM= 9<I MAJ =G MM LADA R9 HJG <ML GG MK =JN AYG ;GE G< =KL AF9 LUJ AG >AF 9D �ar t. 2h, ca p u t�� 9DZ E <AK KG ME <GK HJA F;] HAG K9 K=J =E G:K =JN 9<G KF 9, GD] LA;9 *9 � ;AG F9D <= .= D9Y a=K <= �G FKM EG Z9 mJ9 ;AG F9D AR9 YXG =E =D@ GJA 9< GK K=J NAY GK Hb: DA� ;GK n� ar t. 4h, V II � = G; GFK ME A<G JL= E ;GE G< AJ= ALG :UK A;G 9m 9<= IM9 <9 == >A; 9R HJ= KL9 YXG <GK K=J NAY GK Hb: DA;G K= E ?=J 9Dn �ar t. 7h, X ��H GJ >AE G ar t. 22 <AK Ha= IM= mGK _J? XGK Hb: DA;G K H GJ KAG MK M9K =E HJ= K9K ;G F;= KKA GFU JA9 K H =JE AKK AGF UJA 9K GM KG: IM9 DIM =J >GJ E9 <= =E HJ= =F< AE =FL G KXG G:J A?9 <GK 9> GJF =;= JK =JN AYG K9 <=I M9< GK =>A ;A= FL= K �K =?M JGK �= � IM9 FLG �9G K�= KK= F;A 9AK �;G FL] FMG Kn� �� �� � � :� +/ 0& L=E =FL =F< A<G H=D 9= PAK L\F ;A9 <= J=D 9YX G< =; GFK ME G9 H=F 9K F9I M=D =K ;9K GK� =E �IM =�9 �J= EM F=J 9YX G�K =�< U�H GJ� L9J A>9 �GM �HJ =YG �Hb :DA ;G� 3. P O L êT IC A N A C IO N A L D E R E L A Í E S D E C O N S U M O ( P N R C ) 3. 1 O b je ti vo s � ,* .� mL= E HGJ G:B =LAN GG 9L= F<A E= FLG <9K F=; =KK A<9 <=K <GK ;GF KME A<G J=K GJ =KH =ALG VK M9 <A? FA< 9<= K9 b<= =K =?M J9F Y9 9H JGL =YX G< =K =MK AFL =J= KK= K= ;GF `E A� ;GK 9 E= D@G JA9 <9 KM9 IM9 DA< 9<= <= NA< 9 :=E ;GE G9 LJ9 FKH 9J\ F;A 9= @9J EG FA9 <9K J=D 9Ya =K� <=� ;GF KME Gn� 3. 2 P ri n c p io s a) P ri n c p io d a vu ln er ab il id ad e: 9N MDF =J9 :AD A<9 <= ZJ =IM AKAL GG :JA ?9L _JA GH 9J9 9�; 9J9 ;L= JAR 9YX G�< G�; GFK ME A<G J �H G<= F<G �K= J�LZ ;FA ;9 �=; GF` EA ;9� GM� BMJ ]<A ;9� ¥ vu ln er a b il id a d e t cn ic a l< =K; GF@ =;A E= FLG LZ; FA; GK G:J =G G:B =LG <9 J=D 9YX G <=� ;GF KME G� ¥ vu ln er a b il id a d e ec o n m ic a lN A9< =J =?J 9 G >GJ F=; =<G JL= E E9 AGJ ;9H 9;A <9< = =;G F`E A;9 �=E �J= D9Y XG� 9G� ;GF KME A<G J� ¥ vu ln er a b il id a d e ju r d ic a l> 9DL9 <= ;GF @=; AE =FL GB MJ] <A; GH GJ H9J L= <G ;GF � KME A<G J�9 ;=J ;9� <=� LM< G�G �IM =�= FNG DN= �9�J =D9 YXG �<= �;G FKM EG � ¥ vu ln er a b il id a d e in fo rm a ci o n a l l9 MK\ F;A 9G MA FKM >A; A\F ;A9 <= AF> GJE 9YX G9 G ;GF KME A<G J ;GD G;9 F<G �G FME 9 KALM 9YX G <= =NA <=F L= <=K A?M 9D< 9<= >J= FL= 9G >GJ F=; =<G J� b ) P ri n c p io d a h ar m on iz a o d e in te re ss es : G:B =LAN 99 @9J EG FAR 9YX G< GK AF� L=J =KK =K� =�G �=I MAD ]:J AG� <9K �H9 JL= K�F 9K� J=D 9Ya =K� <=� ;GF KME G� �� �� � � c) P ri n c p io d a b oa -f ob je ti va : =PA ?= <9K H9J L=K IM= G:J =E ;GE HJG :A< 9<= H9M L9< 9K HGJ @GF =KL A<9 <= = D=9 D<9 <= H9J 9 IM= 9D; 9F; =E 9K KM9 K =PH =;L 9LAN 9K D=? ]LAE 9K� 3. 3 E xe cu o d a P N R C ,9J 99 =P= ;MY XG <9 ,* .� G, G<= J, b:D A;G HG< =9 <GL 9J GK AFK LJM E= FLG K= FMF � ;A9 <GK FG ar t. 5h <=F LJ= =D= K�9 mE 9FM L=F YXG <= 9KK AKL\ F;A 9BM J]< A;9 AFL =?J 9D= ?J9 LMA L9 H9J 9G ;GF KME A<G J; 9J= FL= n 9m AFK LALM AYX G< =, JGE GLG JA9 K< =& MKL AY9 <= = >=K 9< G �G FKM EA <GJ n 9; JA9 YXG <= m<= D=? 9;A 9K <= HGD ];A9 =KH =;A 9DAR 9<9 KF G9 L=F <AE =FL G< = ;GF KME A<G J=K N]L AE 9K <= AF> J9Y a=K H=F 9AK <= ;GF KME Gn 9; JA9 YXG <= m&M AR9 <GK !KH =� ;A9 AK <= ,=I M=F 9K �9 MK9 K= 29 J9K !KH =;A 9DAR 9<9 KH 9J9 9K GDM YXG <= DAL] ?AG K< =; GF� KME Gn =9 m;G F;= KKX G< == KL]E MDGKV ;JA 9YX G= <=K =FN GDN AE =FL G< 9K �K KG; A9Y a=K <= = >=K 9�< G�� GFK ME A<G Jn� 4. D IR E IT O S B ç S IC O S D O S C O N S U M ID O R E S a) D ir ei to p ro te o d a vi d a, s a d e e se gu ra n a . b ) D ir ei to e d u ca o e d iv u lg a o s ob re c on su m o ad eq u ad o. c) D ir ei to in fo rm a o . d ) D ir ei to n o a b u si vi d ad e. e) D ir ei to a o eq u il b ri o co n tr at u al . f) D ir ei to p re ve n o e re p ar a o in te gr al . g) D ir ei to a o ac es so j u st i a. h ) D ir ei to fa ci li ta o d o ac es so ao s se u s d ir ei to s: ;GE HJ= =F< =A FbE =JG K HJA F;] HAG K J =?J 9K =A FKL JME =FL GK ;GE G9 J=? J9 <9 J=K HGF K9: ADAR 9YX GG :B= LAN 9 9A E� HGK KA: ADA< 9<= <= <=F MF; A9Y XG <9 DA< = 9 HGK KA: ADA< 9<= <= G; GFK ME A<G JH JGH GJ 99 YXG FG K=M <GE A;]D AG = =KH =;A >A; 9E =FL = 9m AFN =JK XG <G `FM K< 9H JGN 9 9K =M >9N GJ FG �� �� � � HJG ;=K KG ;AN AD IM9 F<G 9 ;JA LZJ AG <G BMA R > GJ N=J GKK ]E AD9 9D= ?9Y XG GM IM9 F<G >GJ =D= @AH GKK M>A ;A= FL= �K= ?MF <G� 9K� J=? J9K �GJ <AF UJA 9K� <=� =PH =JA \F; A9n � i) D ir ei to a d eq u ad a e ef ic az p re st a o d os s er vi o s p b li co s. j) D ir ei to in cl u s o d e d ir ei to s: GK <AJ =ALG KH J=N AKLG KF G� � FXG =P; DM= E GML JGK IM= HGK K9E 9<N AJ< =L J9L 9<G K= ;GF N=F Ya= KAF L=J F9; AGF 9AK =< 9D =?A KD9 YXG AF� L=J F9� GJ< AFU JA9 � 5. P R E V E N Ì O + � � =E �< AKH GKA LAN GK �ar ts .8 h,9 he 10 � < AKH a= KG: J= 9H JGL =YX G< 9K 9b< = =�K =?M J9F Y9� <GK �;G FKM EA <GJ =K� a) p er ic u lo si d ad e le g ti m a, es p er ad a ou to le ra d a: HJG <ML GK =K =JN AYG K; MBG JAK; GV K9b <= GM K=? MJ9 FY9 <G ;GF KME A<G J= KLAN =J <=F LJG <= ME 9= PH= ;L9 LAN 9�H 9<J XG HG< =E �K= J�; GDG ;9< GK� FG� E= J;9 <G� <=� ;GF KME G� b ) p er ic u lo si d ad e p ot en ci al : HJG <ML GK =K =JN AYG KH GL= F;A 9DE =FL =F G;A NGK GM H=J A?G KGK VK 9b< =G MK =?M J9F Y9 KGE =FL =H G<= E K=J >GJ F=; A<G KK =A F>G JE 9<9 < = E9 F=A J9� GKL =FK AN9 �=�9 <=I M9< 9 �9 �FG ;AN A<9 <=� GM� H=J A;M DGK A<9 <=� c) p er ic u lo si d ad e p ro ib id a ou n o to le ra d a: HJG <ML GK =K =JN AYG K; GE 9DLG ?J9 M< =F G;A NA< 9<= GM H=J A;M DGK A<9 <= FXG HG< =E K=J ;GD G;9 <GK FG E= J;9 <G <= ;GF � KME G� = K= G> GJF =;= <GJ 9H= F9K LGE 9J ;GF @=; AE =FL G< 9H =JA ;MD GKA <9< =< GH JG< MLG GM K=J NAY GH GKL =JA GJE =FL = < =N= JU 9<G L9J 9K HJG NA< \F; A9K HJ= NAK L9K FG ar t. 10 ,¤ ¤ 1h e 2h �IM =�< AK; AHD AF9 �G�; @9E 9<G re ca ll � 6. R E S P O N S A B IL ID A D E C IV IL 6. 1 R es p o n sa b ili d ad e p el o f at o d o p ro d u to (a rt . 1 2) �� �� � � .= KHG FK9 :AD A<9 <= <= F9L MJ= R9 G:B =LAN 9= KGD A<U JA9 AE HGK L9 9G fa b ri ca n te 9 G p ro d u to r 9 Gc o n st ru to r =9 Gi m p o rt a d o r G KI M9A KK _F XG K=J XG J=K HGF K9: ADAR 9<G KK = HJG N9J =E IM= FXG ;GD G;9 J9E GH JG< MLG FG E= J;9 <G IM= G< =>= ALG AF= PAK L= GM IM= G <9F G�9 <NZ E� <=� ;MD H9� =P; DMK AN9 �<G �;G FKM EA <GJ �GM �<= �L=J ;=A JG� 6. 1. 1 R e sp o n sa b ili d a d e d o c o m e rc ia n te ( a rt . 1 3 ) + ;GE =J; A9F L= ZA ?M9 DE =FL =J =KH GFK UN= D� J=K HGF K9: ADA< 9<= KGD A<U JA9 =G :� B=LA N9� I M9F <G mG >9: JA; 9FL = G; GFK LJM LGJ G HJG <ML GJ GM GA EH GJL 9<G JF XG HM< =J= E K=J A<= FLA >A; 9<G Kn IM9 F<G mG HJG <ML G> GJ >GJ F=; A<G K=E A<= FLA >A; 9YX G; D9J 9< GK =M >9: JA; 9FL = H JG< MLG J ; GFK LJM LGJ GM AE HGJ L9< GJn =I M9F <G G; GE =J; A9F L= mFX G; GFK =J� N9J �9< =IM 9<9 E= FL= �GK �HJ G<M LGK �H= J=; ]N= AKn � 6. 2 R es p o n sa b ili d ad e p el o f at o d o s er vi o (a rt . 1 4) + fo rn ec ed o r d e se rv i o s J=K HGF <= G:B =LAN 9= KGD A<9 JA9 E= FL= H=D G> 9LG <G K=J � NAY G KGE =FL =@ 9N= F<G =P; DMK XG K= GH J=K L9< GJ <= K=J NAY GK <=E GFK LJ9 Jm IM= FXG HJ= KLG MG K=J NAY GF GE =J; 9<G nG MI M= mL= F<G HJ= KL9 <G GK =JN AYG G <=> =ALG AF= PAK L=n L9E :ZE �IM 9F< G�< =E GFK LJ9 J�m 9; MDH 9�= P;D MKA N9� <G� ;GF KME A<G J�G M�< =�L= J;= AJG n� 6. 2. 1 R e sp o n sa b ili d a d e d o p ro fis si o n a l l ib e ra l ( a rt . 1 4 , ¤ 4 ¼) m� J=K HGF K9: ADA< 9<= H=K KG9 D< GK HJG >AKK AGF 9AK DA: =J9 AKK =JU 9HM J9< 9E =<A 9FL =9 N=J A>A; 9YX G�< =�; MDH 9n �GM �K= B9 � 9�J =KH GFK 9:A DA< 9<= �Z�K M:B =LAN 9� �� � �� 6. 3 R es p o n sa b ili d ad e p el o v c io d o p ro d u to e s er vi o ( ar ts . 1 8 a 20 ) 6. 3. 1 V c io d e q u a lid a d e d o p ro d u to a) P re vi s o: Ga rt .1 8 <AK Ha= IM= GK >GJ F=; =<G J=K <= HJG <ML GK J=K HGF <=E H=D GK N]; AGK <= IM9 DA< 9<= IM= GK LGJ F=E AE HJ_ HJA GK GM AF9 <=I M9< GK 9G ;GF KME GG MD @=K <AE AFM 9E �G�N 9DG J� b ) P ra zo p ar a re gu la ri za o d o v ci o: G> GJF =;= <GJ L=E GH J9R GE UPA EG <= �� <A9 KH 9J9 K9F 9J GN ];AG �F XG K=F <G GN ];AG K9F 9<G F=K K= HJ9 RG G; GFK ME A<G JH G<= =PA ?AJ 9D L=J F9L AN9 E= FL= =V KM9 DAN J= =K; GD@ 9 m %l 9K M:K LALMAYX G< GH JG< MLG HGJ GML JG <9 E= KE 9= KHZ ;A= =E H=J >=A L9K ;GF <AY a=K <= MKG �%% l9 J=K LALM AYX GA E= <A9 L9< 9I M9F � LA9 H9? 9 E GF= L9J A9E =FL =9 LM9 DAR9 <9 K=E HJ= BM] RG <= =N= FLM 9AK H=J <9K =< 9FG K�% %%l G9 :9L AE =FL GH JGH GJ; AGF 9D <G HJ= YGn �+ ;GF KME A<G JH G<= >9R =J MKG AE =<A 9LG <=K K9K 9DL= JF9 LAN 9K mK= EH J= IM= =E J9R XG <9 =PL =FK XG <G N]; AG 9K M:K LALM AYX G< 9K H9J L=K NA� ;A9 <9K HM< =J ;GE HJG E= L=J 9I M9D A<9 <= GM ;9J 9;L =J] KLA; 9K <G HJG <ML G <AE AFM AJ�D @= G N9D GJ� GM� K=� LJ9 L9J �<= �HJ G<M LG� =KK =F; A9Dn � 6. 3. 2 V c io d e q u a n tid a d e d o p ro d u to /=? MF< GG ar t. 19 G K> GJF =;= <GJ =K J=K HGF <=E H=D GK N]; AGK <= IM9 FLA <9< =< G HJG <ML Gm K=E HJ= IM= J= KH= AL9< 9K 9K N9J A9Y a=K <=; GJJ =FL =K <= KM9 F9L MJ= R9 K=M ;GF � L=b <G D]I MA< G> GJ AF> =JA GJ VK AF< A;9 Ya= K; GFK L9F L=K <G J=; AHA =FL = < 9= E: 9D9 ?=E JG LM� D9? =E GM <= E= FK9 ?=E HM: DA;A LUJ A9�� �n� F=K K= ;9K G HG< =G ;GF KME A<G J= PA? AJ 9DL= JF� 9LAN 9E =FL == VK M9 DAN J= =K; GD@ 9� FXG @U GH J9R G< =� �< A9K � m %l G9 :9L AE =FL GH JG� HGJ ;AG F9D <G HJ= YG� %%l 9; GE HD= E= FL9 YXG <G H=K GG ME =<A <9� %%% l9 KM: KLAL MAY XG <G HJG <ML GH GJ GML JG <9 E= KE 9= KHZ ;A= E 9J; 9G ME G<= DG K=E GK 9DM <A< GK N]; AGK �%2 l 9J =KL ALM AYX GA E= <A9 L9 <9 IM9 FLA 9H 9?9 E GF= L9J A9E =FL =9 LM9 DAR9 <9 K=E HJ= BM] RG <= =N= FLM 9AK �H= J<9 K�= �<9 FGK n� 6. 3. 3 V c io d e q u a lid a d e d o s e rv i o *G KL =JE GK d o ar t. 20 m G> GJF =;= <GJ <= K=J NAY GK J=K HGF <= H=D GK N]; AGK <= IM9 DA< 9<= IM= GK LGJ F=E AE HJ_ HJA GK 9G ;GF KME GG MD @=K <AE AFM 9E GN 9DG J 9 KKA E �� � � � ;GE GH GJ 9IM =D= K< =;G JJ= FL= K< 9< AKH 9JA <9< =; GE 9K AF< A;9 Ya= K; GFK L9F L=K <9 G>= JL9 GM E= FK9 ?=E HM: DA;A LUJ A9�� �n� ;9K G= E IM= G; GFK ME A<G JH G<= =PA ?AJ 9 DL=J F9L AN9 � E= FL= =V KM9 DAN J= =K; GD@ 9� FXG @U HJ= NAK XG <G HJ9 RG <= �� <A9 K� m% l9 J== P=; MYX G <GK K=J NAY GK K=E ;MK LG 9<A ;AG F9D =I M9F <G ;9: ]N= D�% %l 9J =KL ALM AYX GA E= <A9 L9 <9 IM9 FLA 9H 9?9 E GF= L9J A9E =FL =9 LM9 DAR9 <9 K=E HJ= BM] RG <= =N= FLM 9AK H=J <9K =< 9FG K� %%%� l�G �9: 9LAE =FL G�H JGH GJ; AGF 9D�< G�H J=Y Gn� R ee xe cu o p or ou tr o p ro fi ss io n al : m9 J== P=; MYX G< GK K=J NAY GK HG< =JU K=J ;GF >A9 <9 9L =J; =AJ GK <=N A<9 E= FL= ;9H 9;A L9< GK HGJ ;GF L9 =J AK; G< G> GJF =;= <GJ n� ar t. 20 �e� �h� � 7. D E C A D æ N C IA E P R E S C R I Ì O 7. 1 D ec ad n ci a +A FKL ALM LG <9 <=; 9<\ F;A 9= KLU HJ= NAK LG FG ar t. 26 9H DA;U N=D F9K @AH _L= K=K <= N]� ;AG K< GH JG< MLG =< GK =JN AYG �= F;G FLJ 9E GK FG ca p u t IM= mG <AJ =ALG <= J=; D9E 9J H=D GK N]; AGK 9H9 J=F L=K GM <= >U; AD; GFK L9L9 YXG ;9< M;9 =E �% l� �� LJAF L9� <A9 K L J9L 9F< G�K =< = >GJ F=; AE =FL G< =K =JN AYG =< =H JG< MLG FXG <MJ UN= AK� %%l �� �FG N=F L9� <A9 K L J9L 9F< G� K= <= >GJ F=; AE =FL G< =K =JN AYG =< =H JG< MLG <MJ UN= AKn �= KK= HJ9 RG K= AFA ;A9 9H 9JL AJ< 9 =FL J=? 9= >=L AN9 <G HJG <ML GG M< GL ZJE AFG <9 =P= ;MY XG <G K=J NAY G LG< 9NA 9 LJ9 L9F <G� K= <= N]; AG G;M DLG AF A;A9 �K= FG EG E= FLG IM= GN ];AG >A; 9J =NA <=F ;A9 <G� GH J9R G HG< =JU K=J G:K L9< G E= <A9 FL= J=; D9E 9YX G; GE HJG N9< 9E =FL => GJE MD9 <9 H=D G; GFK ME � A<G JH =J9 FL= G> GJF =;= <GJ <= HJG <ML GK =K =JN AYG K9 LZ 9J =KH GKL 9F =?9 LAN 9; GJJ =KH GF< � =FL = I M= <=N =K =J LJ9 FKE ALA< 9< => GJE 9AF =IM ]NG ;9� GM E= <A9 FL= 9AF KL9 MJ9 YXG <= AF� IMZ JALG �;AN AD�� 9LZ �K= M�= F;= JJ9 E= FLG �� 7. 2 P re sc ri o �� �� � � T9 HDA ;UN =DV K@ AH_ L=K =K <= >9L G< GH JG< MLG =< GK =JN AYG �F =KK =; 9KG 9J =H9 J9Y XG <= <9F GK HJ= K;J =N= =E �9 FGK mA FA; A9F <G� K= 9; GFL 9?= E <G HJ9 RG 9H 9JL AJ< G; GF@ =� ;AE =FL G�< G�< 9FG �=�< =�K M9� 9ML GJA 9n� 8. 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AJ�D @= K=M KH JG< MLG KG M K=J NAY GK� =�� =PA ?AJ �<G �;G FKM EA <GJ �N9 FL9 ?=E �E 9FA >=K L9E =FL =�= P;= KKA N9� >� =P= ;ML 9J K=J NAY GK K=E 9H JZN A9 =D9 :GJ 9YX G< =G JY9 E= FLG =9 MLG JAR 9YX G= P� HJ= KK9 �<G �;G FKM EA <GJ � �� � � � ?� J=H 9KK 9J AF> GJE 9YX G< =HJ =;A 9LAN 9 J =>= J=F L= 99 LG HJ9 LA;9 <G H=D G; GFK ME A<G J FG� =P= J;] ;AG �<= �K= MK� <AJ =ALG K� @� ;GD G;9 J F GE =J; 9<G <= ;GF KME G IM9 DIM =J HJG <ML GG MK =JN AYG =E <=K 9;G J<G ;GE �9K �FG JE 9K� LZ; FA; 9K� A�J =;M K9J 9N =F< 9< =: =FK GM 9H J=K L9Y XG <= K=J NAY GK <AJ =L9 E= FL= 9I M=E K= <AK HGF @9 99 <IM AJA� DGK E= <A9 FL= HJG FLG H9? 9E =FL G J=K K9D N9< GK GK ;9K GK <= AFL =JE =� <A9 YXG �J= ?MD 9<G K�= E� D=AK �=K H=; A9AK � B��= D=N 9J� K=E �BM KL9 �;9 MK9 �G�H J=Y G�< =�H JG< MLG K�G M�K =JN AYG K� C� 9HD A;9 J> _JE MD9 GM ]F< A;= <= J=9 BMK L= <AN =JK G< GD =?9 DG M; GFL J9L M9D E= FL= =KL 9:= D=; A<G � D�< =AP 9J <= =KL AHM D9J HJ9 RG H9J 9G ;ME HJA E= FLG <= KM9 G:J A?9 YXG GM <=A P9J 9 >AP 9YX G�< =�K =M� L=J EG �AF A;A9 D�9� K=M �=P ;DM KAN G�; JALZ JAG � 9. 4 C o b ra n a d e d v id as ( ar t. 4 2) *9 ;G: J9F Y9 <= <Z: ALG K G ;GF KME A<G JA F9< AE HD= FL= FXG K=J U= PHG KLG 9G JA< ];M DG F=E K=J UK M:E =LA< G9 IM9 DIM =J LAH G< =; GFK LJ9 F?A E= FLG GM 9E =9Y 9� K= G ;GF KME A<G J> GJ ;G: J9< GA F<= NA< 9E =FL == H9? 9J =E =P; =KK G L=J U< AJ= ALG VJ =H= LAYX G <G AF< Z:A LG H=D GN 9DG JA? M9D 9G <G: JG <G IM= H9? GM 9;J =K; A<G <= ;GJ J=Y XG EG F=L UJA 9 =�BM JGK �D=? 9AK � 9. 5 B an co s d e d ad o s e ca d as tr o s d e co n - su m id o re s (a rt s. 4 3 e 44 ) 0G <G =I M9D IM= J: 9F; G< =< 9<G K= 9JI MAN G< =A F>G JE 9Ya =K 9J =KH =ALG <= ;GF � KME A<G J=K =KL UK M:E =LA< G9 G� � L= F<G G; GFK ME A<G J9 ;=K KG AJJ= KLJA LG VK AF> GJE � 9Ya =K =J =KH =;L AN9 K> GFL =K� <=N =E K=J G:B =LAN GK ;D9 JGK N =J< 9<= AJG K= =E DAF ?M9 ?=E <= >U; AD; GE HJ= =FK XG FXG HG< =F< G; GFL =J E= FK9 ?=F K; A>J9 <9K GM ;G< A>A; 9<9 K� /XG ;GF KA< =J9 <GK =FL A<9 <=K <= ;9J UL= JH b:D A;G = 9F =?9 LAN 9YX G< GK ;GF KME A<G J=K AF9 <AE � HD= FL= KZ 9<E ALA< 9 K _F XG HG< =F< Gc o n te r in fo rm a es re fe re n te s a p er o d o su p er io r �� �� � � a 5 a n o s� 9 F=? 9LAN 9YX G <=N = K=J HJ= ;=< A<9 <= 9NA KG HJZ NAG = HGJ =K; JALG 9G ;GF KME A<G J� 10 . P R O T E Ì O C O N T R A T U A L 10 .1 S is te m a d e p ro te o c o n tr at u al d o C D C ( ar ts . 4 6 a 50 ) a) P ri n c p io d a tr an sp ar n ci a: GK ;GF LJ9 LGK FXG G:J A?9 E GK ;GF KME A<G J=K K= =KL =K FXG LAN =J= E ;GF @=; AE =FL GH JZN AG <= K=M ;GF L=b <G� =K =G ;GF LJ9 LG FXG 9HJ =K= FL� 9J� ;D9 J=R 9�= �G: B=LA NA< 9<= � b ) P ri n c p io d a in te rp re ta o m ai s fa vo r ve l: 9A FL= JHJ =L9YXG K=J UE 9AK >9� NGJ UN= D�9G �;G FKM EA <GJ � c) P ri n c p io d a vi n cu la o: IM9 AKI M=J <=; D9J 9Ya =K <= NGF L9< =; GFK L9F L=K <= =K; JALG KH 9JL A;M D9J =K J=; A:G K= HJZ �;G FLJ 9LG KJ =D9 LAN GK VK J=D 9Ya =K <= ;GF KME GN AF; M� D9E �G�> GJF =;= <GJ �=F K=B 9F< G�A F;D MKA N=� =P= ;MY XG� =KH =;] >A; 9� d ) D ir ei to d e ar re p en d im en to ou p ra zo d e re fl ex o : G; GFK ME A<G JH G<= <=K A� KLAJ <G ;GF LJ9 LG FG HJ9 RG <= �< A9K 9; GFL 9J <= KM9 9KK AF9 LMJ 9G M< G9 LG <= J=; =:A � E= FLG <G HJG <ML GG MK =JN AYG K= EH J= IM= 9; GFL J9L 9YX G< => GJF =;A E= FLG <= HJG <ML GK =K =JN AYG KG ;GJ J=J >GJ 9< G= KL9 :=D =;A E= FLG ;GE =J; A9D =KH =;A 9DE =FL =H GJ L=D= >GF =G M =E <GE A;]D AG� +K N9D GJ= K= N=F LM9 DE =FL =H 9?G K 9 IM9 DIM =J L]LM DG <MJ 9FL =G HJ9 RG <= J=> D=P XG �K= JXG �<= NGD NA< GK �<= �AE =<A 9LG �E GF= L9J A9E =FL =�9 LM9 DAR9 <GK � e) G ar an ti a co m p le m en ta r: 9? 9J9 FLA 9; GFL J9L M9D Z; GE HD= E= FL9 JV D=? 9D = K=J U�; GF> =JA <9� E= <A9 FL= �L=J EG �=K ;JA LG� 10 .2 C l u su la s ab u si va s (a rt . 5 1 Ð r o l ex em p lif ic at iv o ) �� �� � � 9� ;DU MKM D9K IM= AE HGK KA: ADAL =E = PGF =J= E GM 9L= FM= E 9J =KH GFK 9:A DA< 9<= <G >GJ F=; =<G JH GJ N]; AGK <= IM9 DIM =J F9L MJ= R9 <GK HJG <ML GK =K =JN AYG K= L9E :ZE 9IM =D9 K IM= AE HDA IM= E J=F bF; A9G M< AKH GKA YXG <= <AJ =ALG K�9 bFA ;9 =P; =YX G9 <E ALA< 9Z F9K J=� D9Y a=K <= ;GF KME G= FLJ => GJF =;= <GJ =; GFK ME A<G JH =KK G9 BMJ ]<A ;9 ;MB 9A F<= FAR 9YX G HG< =JU �K= J�DA EA L9< 9 �= E� KALM 9Ya =K� BMK LA>A ;UN =AK � :� ;DU MKM D9K IM= KM: LJ9 A9E 9G ;GF KME A<G J9 GHY XG <= J== E: GDK G< =I M9F LA9 BU H9? 9� ; ��; DUM KMD 9K� IM= �LJ9 FK> AJ9 E� 9�J =KH GFK 9:A DA< 9<= �9�L =J; =AJ GK� <� ;DU MKM D9K IM= =KL 9:= D=Y 9E G:J A?9 Ya= K; GFK A<= J9< 9K AF] IM9 K 9:M KAN 9K IM= ;GD GIM =E G; GFK ME A<G J= E <=K N9F L9? =E =P9 ?=J 9<9 G MK =B9 E AF; GE H9L ]N= AK; GE 9 :G9 �>Z �GM �9�= IMA <9< =� =� ;DU MKM D9K IM= =KL 9:= D=Y 9E AFN =JK XG <G `FM K< 9H JGN 9= E HJ= BM] RG <G ;GF KME A<G J� >��; DUM KMD 9K� IM= �<= L=J EA F=E �9�M LADA R9Y XG� ;GE HMD K_J A9�< 9�9 J:A LJ9 ?=E � ?� ;DU MKM D9K IM= AE HGF @9E J=H J=K =FL 9FL =H 9J9 ;GF ;DM AJG MJ =9D AR9 JG MLJ GF =?_ � ;AG �BM J]< A;G �H= DG� ;GF KME A<G J� @� ;DU MKM D9K IM= <=A P=E 9G >GJ F=; =<G J9 GHY XG <= ;GF ;DM AJG MF XG G; GFL J9L G =E :GJ 9�G :JA ?9F <G� G�; GFK ME A<G J� A�; DUM KMD 9K IM= H=J EA L9E 9G >GJ F=; =<G J < AJ= L9 GM AF< AJ= L9E =FL = N9J A9Y XG <= HJ= YG� <=� E9 F=A J9� MFA D9L= J9D � B�; DUM KMD 9K IM= 9ML GJA R=E G> GJF =;= <GJ 9; 9F; =D9 JG ;GF LJ9 LG MFA D9L= J9D E= FL= K=E �IM =�A? M9D �<A J=A LG� K=B 9�; GF> =JA <G� 9G� ;GF KME A<G J� C� ;DU MKM D9K IM= G:J A?M =E G; GFK ME A<G J9 J=K K9J ;AJ GK ;MK LGK <= ;G: J9F Y9 <= KM9 �G: JA? 9YX G �K =E �IM =�A? M9D �<A J=A LG� D@= �K= B9�; GF> =JA <G� ;GF LJ9 �G�> GJF =;= <GJ � D�; DUM KMD 9K IM= 9ML GJA R=E G> GJF =;= <GJ 9E G<A >A; 9J MFA D9L= J9D E= FL= G; GFL =b< G GM� 9�I M9D A<9 <=� <G� ;GF LJ9 LG �9H _K� KM9 �;= D=: J9Y XG� E� ;DU MKM D9K �IM =�AF >JAF B9E �GM �HG KKA :AD AL=E �9�N AGD 9YX G�< =�F GJE 9K� 9E :A= FL9 AK� F� ;DU MKM D9K IM= =KL =B9 E =E <=K 9;G J<G ;GE G KAK L=E 9 <= HJG L=Y XG 9G ;GF KME A<G J� G� ;DU MKM D9K IM= HGK KA: ADAL =E 9J =Fb F;A 9< G< AJ= ALG <= AF< =FA R9Y XG HGJ :=F >=A L� GJA 9K� F=; =KK UJA 9K� 10 .3 O u tr o s as p ec to s co n tr at u ai s (a rt s. 5 2 e 53 ) �� �� � � 9� 9K EM DL9K <= EG J9 <=; GJJ =FL =K <G AF9 <AE HD= E= FLG <= G:J A?9 Ya= KF GK =M L=J EG �FX G�H G<= JXG �K= J�KM H=J AGJ =K� 9�� �� <G� N9D GJ� <9� HJ= KL9 YXG � :� Z9 KK= ?MJ 9<9 9G ;GF KME A<G J9 DAI MA< 9YX G9 FL= ;AH 9<9 <G <Z: ALG LG L9D GM H9J � ;A9 DE =FL = �E =<A 9FL =�J =<M YXG �HJ GHG J;A GF9 D�< GK� BMJ GK� =�< =E 9AK �9; JZK ;AE GK� ;� KXG FMD 9K <= HD= FG <AJ =ALG 9K ;DU MKM D9K IM= =KL 9:= D=Y 9E 9H =J< 9L GL9 D< 9K HJ= KL9 Ya= KH 9?9 K= E :=F =>] ;AG <G ;J= <GJ IM= =E J9R XG <G AF9 <AE HD= E= FLG H D=AL =9J 9 J=K GDM YXG �<G �;G FLJ 9LG � 10 .4 C o n tr at o s d e ad es o ( ar t. 5 4) �G FLJ 9LG <= 9<= KXG Z9 IM= D= ;MB 9K ;DU MKM D9K L=F @9E KA< G9 HJG N9< 9K H=D 99 MLG J� A<9 <= ;GE H=L =FL =G M= KL9 :=D =;A <9K MFA D9L= J9D E= FL= H=D G> GJF =;= <GJ <= HJG <ML GK GM K=J NAY GK K=E IM= G; GFK ME A<G JH GKK 9< AK; MLA JG ME G<A >A; 9J KM: KL9 F;A 9DE =FL =K =M ;GF L=b <G K=F <G IM= 9AF K=J YXG <= ;DU MKM D9F G> GJE MDU JAG FXG <=K >A? MJ9 9F 9LM J=R 9< = 9<= KXG <G ;GF LJ9 LG� +K ;GF LJ9 LGK <= 9<= KXG =K; JALG KK =JX GJ =<A ?A< GK =E L=J EG K; D9J GK =; GE ;9J 9;L =J= KG KL= FKA NGK =D =?] N=A K ;MB GL 9E 9F@ G< 9> GFL =F XG K=J UA F>= JAG J9 G ;GJ HG �� <= EG <G 9> 9;A DAL9 J9 ;GE HJ= =FK XG H=D G; GFK ME A<G J�- M9F LG VK ;DU MKM D9K DAE AL9L AN9 K< =< AJ= ALG K = KL9 K< =N= JXG K=J J=< A?A <9K ;GE <=K L9I M= H=J EA LAF <G KM9 AE =� <A9 L9�= �>U ;AD� ;GE HJ= =FK XG� 11 . T U T E L A P E N A L E P R O C E S S U A L P E N A L a) A rt . 63 : G< AKH GKA LAN G; JAE AF9 DAR9 9G EA KKX G< =< AR= J=K GM KAF 9AK GKL =FK ANG K KG: J= 9F G;A NA< 9<= GM H=J A;M DGK A<9 <= <= HJG <ML GK =K G:J =9 H=J A;M DGK A<9 <= <G K=J NAY G 9�K =J� HJ= KL9<G� b ) A rt . 64 : G< AKH GKA LAN GH MF= 9; GF< ML9 GE AKK AN9 <G 9?= FL= IM= <=A P9J <= ;GE MFA ;9J V9 MLG JA< 9<= ;GE H=L =FL == 9GK ;GF KME A<G J=K 9F G;A NA< 9<= GM H=J A;M DGK A<� 9<= <= HJG <ML GK ;MB G; GF@ =;A E= FLG K=B 9H GKL =JA GJ VK M9 AFL JG< MYX GF GE =J; 9<G : =E �� �� � � ;GE G< =AP 9J <= J=L AJ9 JAE =<A 9L9 E= FL= <G E= J;9 <G L9AK HJG <ML GK =K =JN AYG K IM9 F<G @GM N=J �<= L=J EA F9Y XG� <9� 9ML GJA <9< =�; GE H=L =FL =� c) A rt . 65 : ;JA EA F9D AR9 9; GF< ML9 <G 9?= FL= IM= =P= ;ML 9J K=J NAY G< =9 DLG ?J9 M <= H=J A;M DGK A<9 <= ;GF LJ9 JA9 F<G <=L =JE AF9 YXG <9 9ML GJA <9< =; GE H=L =FL =� = L=J EA F9 IM= 9K K9F Ya= K< =KL =9 JLA? GK XG 9HD A;U N=A KK =E HJ= BM] RG <9K ;GJ J=K HGF <=F L=K VD =KX G ;GJ HGJ 9D�= �V�E GJL =� d ) A rt . 66 : ;JA EA F9D AR9 m a rk et in g FXG HM: DA;A LUJ AG =F? 9FG KG =KL 9F< G9 =F� ?9F GKA <9< =; GF> A?M J9< 9L G<9 N=R IM= 9A F>G JE 9YX G; GFL AN= J9 >AJE 9YX G> 9DK 9G M= F� ?9F GK9 �GM �@G MN= J�G EA KKX G�< GK� <9< GK� 9HG FL9 <GK �F= KK= �9J LA? G� e) A rt . 67 : G< =DAL G= E =KL M<G N=J K9 Gm a rk et in g HM: DA;A LUJ AG IM9 F<G <9 ;JA � 9YX G= HJG EG YXG <= HM: DA;A <9< == F?9 FGK 9G M9 :MK AN9 �H= D9E ]<A 9�� G< AKH GKA LAN GL =E ;GE GG :B= LAN G; JAE AF9 DAR9 J; GF< ML9 KI M= G>= F<9 E G a rt . 37 , ca p u t I M= HJG ]:= LG< 9 HM: DA;A <9< =�= F?9 FGK 9�G M�9 :MK AN9 � f) A rt .6 8: ;JA EA F9D AR9 9; GF< ML9 <= >9R =J GM HJG EG N=J HM: DA;A <9< =I M= K9: =G M <=N =JA 9K 9:= JK =J ;9H 9R <= AF< MRA JG ;GF KME A<G J9 K= ;GE HGJ L9J <= >GJ E9 HJ= BM< A;A9 D GM� H=J A?G K9� V�K 9b< =� g) A rt . 69 : Z; JAE =; GFL J9 9K J=D 9Ya =K <= ;GF KME Gm <=A P9J <= GJ? 9FA R9J <9< GK >UL A;G K �L Z;F A;G K�= �;A= FL] >A; GK� IM= �<X G�: 9K= �V�H M:D A;A< 9<= n� h ) A rt . 70 : LAH A>A; 9H =F9 DE =FL =9 ;GF <ML 9< =m =E HJ= ?9J F 9J =H9 J9Y XG <= HJG <ML GK H=Y 9K GM ;GE HGF =FL =K <= J=H GKA YXG MK9 <GK K=E 9ML GJA R9Y XG <G ;GF KME A<G JÓ� i) A rt . 71 : 9IM A= F;G FLJ 9E GK LAH A>A; 9YX GH =F9 DH 9J9 9; G:J 9FY 9A JJ= ?MD 9J <= <]N A<9 K�< =�; GFK ME G� j) A rt . 72 : Z; JAE =; GFL J9 9K J=D 9Ya =K <= ;GF KME Gm AE H=< AJ GM <A> A;M DL9J G 9;= KKG <G ;GF KME A<G JV KAF >GJ E9 Ya= KI M= KG: J= =D= ;GF KL= E =E ;9< 9KL JGK : 9F; GK <= <9< GK �>A; @9K �=�J =?A KLJG Kn� k ) A rt . 73 : Z; JAE =m <=A P9J <= ;GJ JA? AJA E= <A9 L9E =FL =A F>G JE 9YX GK G:J =; GF� KME A<G J ; GFK L9F L= <= ;9< 9KL JG :9F ;G <= <9< GK >A; @9K GM J=? AKLJ GK IM= K9: = GM <=N =JA 9�K 9:= J �K =J� AF= P9L 9n� l) A rt .7 4: ;GF KA< =J9 ;JA EA FGK 99 ;GF <ML 9< =I M=E m<= AP9 J< == FLJ =?9 J9 G; GF� KME A<G JL= JE G< =? 9J9 FLA 99 <=I M9< 9E =FL =H J== F;@ A<G =; GE =KH =;A >A; 9YX G; D9J 9< = K=M �;G FL= b<G n� m ) A rt .7 5: J=A L=J 9I M= mIM =E < =I M9D IM= JE G<G ;G F;G JJ= H9J 9G ;JA E= AF; A<= F9K �H= F9K �9�= KL= �;G EA F9< 9K �F9 �E =<A <9� <=� KM9 �;M DH9 :AD A<9 <=n � n ) A rt . 80 : <= ;9J UL= JH JG; =KK M9D 9 EH DA9 GA FKL ALM LG <9 9KK AKL\ F;A 9V 9;M K9Y XG <AR =F< GK =J HGK K]N =D9 AFL =JN =FY XG 9GK D=? ALAE 9<G KAF <A; 9<G KF Ga rt .8 2, II I e IV ,d o C D C = >9; MDL 99 GK E= KE GK =FL =K 9H GKK A:A DA< 9<= <= 9BM AR9 J=E 9YX GH =F9 DH JAN 9<9 KM: KA< AUJ A9�< 9�H b:D A;9 � � �� � � 12 . T U T E L A P R O C E S S U A L C IV IL � <=> =K9 <GK AFL =J= KK= K= <AJ =ALG K< GK ;GF KME A<G J=K =< 9K N]L AE 9K HG< =JU K=J =P= J;A <9 =E BM] RG AF< ANA <M9 DE =FL =G M9 L]LM DG ;GD =LAN G� 9LM L=D9 ;GD =LAN 9K =JU =P= J;A <9 IM9 F<G K= LJ9 L9J <= AFL =J= KK= K< A>M KGK ;G D=LA NGK =A F<A NA< M9A K@ GE G?\ F=G K H J=N AKLG K FG ar t. 8 1, p ar g ra fo n ic o, I , I I e II I, d o C D C � a) In te re ss es d if u so s: mGK LJ9 FKA F<A NA< M9A K < =F 9LM J=R 9A F<A NAK ]N= D < =I M= K=� B9E �LAL MD9 J=K �H= KKG 9K� AF< =L= JE AF9 <9K �=�D A?9 <9K �HG J�; AJ; MFK LWF ;A9 K�< =�> 9LG n� b ) In te re ss es co le ti vo s: mGK LJ9 FKA F<A NA< M9A K< =F 9LM J=R 9AF <AN AK]N =D< =I M= K=B 9 LALM D9J ?JM HG ;9L =?G JA9 GM ;D9 KK= <= H=K KG9 KDA ?9< 9K =FL J= KAG M; GE 9H 9JL =; GFL JUJ A9 HGJ �ME 9�J =D9 YXG �BM J]< A;9 �:9 K=n � c) In te re ss es in d iv id u ai s h om og n eo s: mGK <=; GJJ =FL =K <= GJA ?=E ;GE ME n GM� K=B 9 �G JAM F<G K�< 9K� E= KE 9K� ;AJ ;MF KLW F;A 9K� <=� >9L G�� 9�E 9J; 9�; 9J9 ;L= J]KL A;9 �<9 �J= D9Y XG BMJ ]<A ;9� =E �IM =KL XG� Z�9 �<= L=J EA F9Y XG� <GK �LAL MD9 J=K �=�9 �<A NAK A:A DA< 9<= �<G �G: B=LG � 12 .1 T u te la m et ai n d iv id u al a) L eg it im a o at iv a: LJ9 L9� K= <= le g it im a o co n co rr en te �LG <GK GK D=? ALAE 9� <GK HG< =E 9?A J�= d is ju n ti va �G D=? ALAE 9<G FXG HJ= ;AK 9< 99 MLG JAR 9YX G< =G MLJ G� IM= K=� =KL =F< =� ¥ 9G� )A FAK LZJ AG� ,b :DA ;G� ¥ V� =>= FKG JA9 �,b :DA ;9� ¥ V�1 FAX G �! KL9 <GK �) MFA ;]H AGK �=� AKLJ ALG �"= <=J 9D� ¥ VK =FL A<9 <=K =_ J?X GK <9 �< EA FAK LJ9 YXG ,b :DA ;9 <AJ =L9 GM AF< AJ= L9 9AF <9 IM= K=E H=J KGF 9DA< 9<= BMJ ]<A ;9 =KH =;A >A; 9E =FL =< =KL AF9 <GK V< =>= K9 <GK AFL =J= KK= K= <AJ =ALG K�H JGL =?A <GK �FG �� �� ¥ VK 9KK G;A 9Ya =K D=? 9DE =FL =; GFK LALM ]<9 K@ UH =DG E= FGK �9 FG =I M= AF; DM9 E =FL J= K=M K>A FK AFK LALM ;AG F9A K 9 <=>=K9 <GK AFL =J= KK= K= <AJ =ALG K< GK ;GF KME A<G J=K < AK� H=F K9< 99 9ML GJA R9Y XG 9KK =E :D= 9J� !P A?= �K= re p re se n ta ti vi d a d e a d eq u a d a �� h� p er - ti n n ci a te m ti ca l> AF9 DA< 9<= AFK LALM ;AG F9D ;GE H9L ]N= D; GE 9< =>= K9 BM< A;A9 D< GA F� L=J =KK =� �h � p r -c o n st it u i o l; GFK LALM AYX GD =?9 D@ UH =DG E= FGK �9 FG K9D NG K= G;G J� J=J �9�< AKH =FK 9�H =DG �BM AR� b ) L eg it im a o p as si va : ZG 9ML GJ <9 G>= FK9 �; 9KG @9B 9E 9AK <= ME 9ML GJ LG� <GK �J= KHG F<= JXG �KG DA< 9JA 9E =FL =�H =D9 �J= H9J 9YX G�< GK� <9F GK� � � �� c) C u m u la o d e p ed id os : ZH GKK ]N= D9 ;ME MD9 YXG <= H=< A<G K= E 9YX G; ANA D Hb: DA;9 � d ) P lu ra li d ad e d e a e s ju d ic ia is : 9<E AL=E �K= 9Ya =K <= ;GF @=; AE =FL G� <=; D9J � 9L_ JA9 K ;GF KLAL MLA N9K = ;GF <=F 9L_ JA9 K� ;9M L=D9 J=K E 9F< 9E =FL 9AK < = =P= ;MY XG E9 F<9 <G <= K=? MJ9 FY9 =9 LZh a b ea s co rp u s L M<G 9G 9:J A?G <G ar t. 5h, X X X V ,d a C F =�< Ga rt . 8 3 d o C D C � e) A m p li a o d a at u a o ju d ic ia l: F9 9YX G IM= L=F @9 HGJ G:B =LG G ;ME HJA E= FLG <= G:J A?9 YXG <= >9R =J GM FXG >9R =J GB MAR ;GF ;=< =JU 9L ML= D9 =KH =;] >A; 9 <9 G:J A?9 YXG GM <=L =JE AF9 JU HJG NA< \F; A9K IM= 9KK =?M J=E GJ =KM DL9< GH JUL A;G <G 9<A EH D=E =FL G� ,9J 99 LML =D9 =KH =;] >A; 9G MH 9J9 9G :L= FYX G< GJ =KM DL9< GH JUL A;G =IM A� N9D =FL = G BMA R HG< =JU <=L =JE AF9 J9 K E= <A< 9K F=; =KK UJA 9K L9AK ;GE G :MK ;9 = 9HJ ==F KXG J =E GYX G< =; GAK 9K =H =KK G9K < =K> 9RA E= FLG <= G:J 9 AE H=< AE =FL G< = 9LAN A<9 <= FG; AN9 9 DZE <= J=I MAK AYX G< => GJY 9H GDA ;A9 D� ar t. 84 , ca p u t e ¤ 5h, d o C D C �� f) C on ve rs o em p er d as e d an os : 9G :JA ?9Y XG <= >9R =J GM FXG >9R =J KGE =FL = HG< =K =J ;GF N=J LA< 9= E H=J <9K =< 9FG K�� h�K =G ;GF KME A<G JG HL9 JH =D9 ;GF N=J KXG �� h� K= AE HGK K]N =D 9L ML= D9 =KH =;] >A; 9G M9 G:L =FY XG <G J=K MDL 9<G HJU LA;G ;GJ J=K HGF <=F L= �ar t. 8 4, ¤ 1 h, d o C D C �� g) T u te la li m in ar : GB MAR I M9F <G <G <=K H9; @G <9 AFA ;A9 D G M9 H_K BMK LA>A ;9Y XG HJZ NA9 ; AL9< GG JZM H G<= JU ;GF ;=< =J DAE AF9 J ; GE 9H J=K =FY 9< =� J=I MAK ALG K� �h� J=D =NW F;A 9< G> MF< 9E =FL G< 9< =E 9F< 9� fu m u s b o n i iu ri s�� �h � BMK LA>A ;9< GJ =;= AG <= AF� =>A ;U; A9�< G�H JGN AE =FL G�> AF9 D��a rt . 8 4, ¤ 3 h, d o C D C �� h ) A st re in te : ZH =JE ALA< G9 GB MAR L9 FLG F9 LML =D9 DAE AF9 J; GE GF 9K =FL =FY 9 A E� HGJ EM DL9 <AU JA9 9G JZM AF <=H =F< =FL =E =FL =< =H =<A <G <G 9ML GJ K= L9D >GJ KM> A;A= FL= GM ;GE H9L ]N= D; GE 9G :JA ?9Y XG >AP 9F< GH J9R GJ 9RG UN= DH 9J9 G; ME HJA E= FLG <G HJ= � ;=A LG� �ar t. 8 4, ¤ 4 h, d o C D C �� i) In te rv en o ob ri ga t ri a d o M in is t ri o P b li co : G) AFA KLZ JAG ,b :DA ;G K= FXG �9BM AR9 J�9 �9Y XG �9LM 9JU �K= EH J=� ;GE Gc u st o s le g is �>AK ;9D �<9 �D=A ���a rt . 9 2, d o C D C �� j) C om p et n ci a: LJ9 L9F <G� K= <= d ir ei to s d if u so s e co le ti vo s <GK ;GF KME A<G J=K 9K 9Ya =K K=J XG HJG HGK L9K FG >GJ G< GD G;9 DG F<= G;G JJ= JG <9F G ;MB GB M]R GL =JU ;GE � H=L \F; A9 >MF ;AG F9D H9J 9H JG; =KK 9J =B MD? 9J 9; 9MK 9� LJ9 L9F <G� K= <= AFL =J= KK= Ki n d i- vi d u ai s h om og n eo s 9K 9Ya =K K=J XG HJG HGK L9K FG >GJ G< GD M?9 JG F<= G;G JJ= MG M <=N 9G ;GJ J=J G< 9FG I M9F <G <= WE :AL GD G;9 D E 9K K= GK <9F GK >GJ =E J=? AGF 9AK GM F9; AGF 9AK 9 9YX G< =N= JU K=J HJG HGK L9 9DL= JF9 LAN 9E =FL = F9 �9 HAL 9D <G !KL 9<G GM FG AK LJAL G�" =<= J9D ��a rt . 2 hd a L A C P e a rt . 9 3 d o C D C �� O b s. : F9 9YX G< =J =KH GFK 9:A DA< 9<= ;AN AD= E >9; =< G> GJF =;= <GJ <= HJG <ML GK = K=J NAY GK �9�9 YXG �AF <AN A<M 9D�H G<= JU� K=J �HJ GHG KL9 �FG �<G EA ;]DA G�< G�9 MLG J�� a rt . 1 01 , I �� k ) C oi sa j u lg ad a � � � � ¥ Ga rt .1 6 d a L ei n .7 .3 47 /8 5 J=K LJAF ?AM G9 D;9 F;= <9 ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 99 GK DAE AL=K L=J JALG JA9 AK< GB MAR HJG D9LG J 9 G9 KKA F9D 9J IM= m9 K=F L=F Y9 ;AN AD> 9JU ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9e rg a o m n es , FGK �DAE AL=K �<9 �;G EH =L\ F;A 9�L= JJAL GJA 9D�< G�B MAR �HJ GD9 LGJ n� ¥ <= 9;G J<G ;GE Ga rt .1 03 ,I ,d o C D C LJ 9L9 F<G �K= <= AFL =J= KK= KG M< AJ= ALG K< A� >MK GK 9K =FL =FY 9> 9R ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9e rg a o m n es =P ;=L GK =G H=< A<G >GJ BMD ?9< GA EH JG� ;=< =FL =H GJ AFK M>A ;A\ F;A 9< =H JGN 9K @AH _L= K= =E IM= IM9 DIM =J D=? ALAE 9<G HG< =JU AF� L=F L9J GML J9 9YX G ;GE A<\ FLA ;G >MF <9E =FL G N9D =F< G�K =< =F GN9 HJG N9� GK =>= ALG K< 9 ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9K GE =FL =9 LAF ?=E ;GF KME A<G J=K AF< ANA <M9 AKK =G J=K MDL 9<G >GJ HGK ALAN G GM K=B 9 K= :=F =>A ;AU �DG K� ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9s ec u n d u m ev en tu m li ti s� L9F LG IM= @ 9N= F<G AE HJG ;=< \F; A9 FG EZ JALG L 9D KGD MYX G FXG HJ= BM< A;9 JU <AJ =ALG K= AFL =J= KK= KA F<A � NA< M9A K �H G<= F<G �GK �;G FKM EA <GJ =K �HG JL9 FLG �N9 D=J �K= �<9 �LM L=D9 �AF <AN A<M 9D� ¥ <= 9;G J<G ;GE Ga rt . 10 3, II , d o C D C LJ 9L9 F<G �K= <= AFL =J= KK= KG M< AJ= ALG K ;GD =LAN GK 9K =FL =FY9> 9R ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9u lt ra p a rt es = P;= LG K= GH =<A <G >GJ BMD ?9< G AE HJG ;=< =FL =H GJ AFK M>A ;A\ F;A 9< =H JGN 9K @AH _L= K= =E IM= IM9 DIM =J D=? ALAE 9<G HG< =JU AFL =FL 9J GML J9 9YX G ;GE A<\ FLA ;G >MF <9E =FL G N9D =F< G�K =< =F GN9 HJG N9� GK =>= ALG K< 9; GAK 9BM D?9 <9 KGE =FL =9 LAF ?=E ;GF KME A<G J=K AF< ANA <M9 AKK =G J=K MDL 9<G >GJ HGK ALAN G GM K=B 9 K= :=F =>A ;AU �DG K L 9FL GI M= @9N =F< GA EH JG; =<\ F;A 9 FG EZ JALG L9 D KGD MYX GF XG HJ= BM< A;9 JU <AJ =ALG K= AFL =J= KK= KA F<A NA< M9A K H G<= F<G GK ;GF KME A<G J=K 9AF <9 �N9 D=J �K= �<9 �LM L=D9 �AF <AN A<M 9D� ¥ <= 9;G J<G ;GE Ga rt . 10 3, II I, d o C D C LJ 9L9 F<G �K= <= AFL =J= KK= KG M< AJ= ALG K AF< ANA <M9 AK@ GE G?\ F=G K 9 K=F L=F Y9 >9R ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9e rg a o m n es �9I MA G; GJJ =LG K=J � A9 =>= ALG Ku lt ra p a rt es ��G K= >=A LGK <9 ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9K GE =FL =G ;GJ J=J XG in u ti li b u s A KLG Z K= @GM N=J HJG ;=< \F; A9 HGJ IM= @ 9N= F<G AE HJG ;=< \F; A9 GK D=K 9<G KI M= FXG AFL =J� NA= J9E FG >=A LG ;GE G9 KKA KL= FL= KDA LAK; GFK GJ; A9AK �9 D=A >9D 9= E mDAL AK; GFK GJL =Kn =IM A� NG; 9<9 E= FL= ��H G<= JXG �DA NJ= E= FL= �9B MAR 9J� <=E 9F< 9K� AF< ANA <M9 AK� ¥ Ga rt .1 04 d o C D C 9KK AF9 D9 >AF 9DE =FL = I M= m9K 9Ya =K ;GD =LAN 9K HJ= NAK L9K FGK AF; AKG K% =% %< GH 9JU ?J9 >G bFA ;G <G 9JL �� �F XG AF< MR= E DALA KH= F<\ F;A 9H 9J9 9K 9Ya =K AF< ANA <M9 AK E9 KG K= >=A LGK <9 ;GA K9 BMD ?9< 9e rg a o m n es GM u lt ra p a rt es 9I M= 9DM <=E GK AF; AKG K%% =% %%< G9 JLA? G9 FL= JAG JF XG :=F =>A ;A9 JXG GK 9ML GJ= K< 9K 9Ya =K AF< ANA <M9 AK K= FXG >GJ J=I M=J A<9 KM9 KMK H=F KXG FG HJ9 RG <= LJAF L9 <A9 K 9 ;GF L9J <9 ;A\ F;A 9F GK 9ML GK <G 9BM AR9 E= FLG <9 9YX G; GD= LAN 9n� H9J 9G K; GFK ME A<G J=K IM= <=E 9F< 9J9 E AF< A� NA< M9D E= FL= HG< =J= E N9D =J� K= <GK =>= ALG K: =FZ >A; GK <9K K=F L=F Y9K <= HJG ;=< \F; A9 F9 9YX G; GD= LAN 9 <=N =JX G FG HJ9 RG <= �� <A9 K< 9; A\F ;A9 �AF =IM ]NG ;9� <9 =PA KL\ F;A 9< 9 <=E 9F< 9; GD= LAN 9 J=I M=J =J 9K MKH =FK XG <= KM9 K< =E 9F< 9K AF< ANA <M9 AK KG: H=F 9< = FXG G> 9R= F<G F XG K=J =E :=F =>A ;A9 <GK =F XG HG< =J= E N9D =J� K= <GK =>= ALG K>9 NGJ UN= AK <9� <=; AKX G�; GD= LAN 9� l) E xe cu o: 9= P=; MYX GF 9L ML= D9 ;GD =LAN 9= PA? =9 FUD AK= <GK ar ts . 95 , 97 , 98 e 10 0� � �� � � ¥ co n d en a o g en r ic a �G KAK L=E 9H J=N \ FG ;9K G< =A FL= J=K K=K AF< ANA <M9 AK@ G� EG ?\F =GK �9� HJG D9Y XG� <=� ;GF <=F 9YX G�? =FZ JA; 9� ¥ li q u id a o e ex ec u o in d iv id u a l�9 HJA E= AJ9 >GJ E9 <= =P= ;MY XG Z9 =P= ;MY XG AF< ANA <M9 DH J=; =<A <9 <= DAI MA< 9YX G AF< ANA <M9 D GM K=B 9 GK ;GF KME A<G J=K D=K 9<G K <=N =JX G@ 9:A DAL9 J�K == HJG EG N=J 9D AIM A<9 YXG <GK <9F GK IM= KG> J=J 9E ; GE 9; GF� K=I M=F L=�= P=; MYX G� ¥ li q u id a es in d iv id u a is e ex ec u o co le ti va �9 =P= ;MY XG HG< =JU K=J ;GD =LAN 9 K=F <G HJG EG NA< 9H =DG KD =?A LAE 9<G K 9:J 9F? =F< G9 KN ]LAE 9K ;MB 9K AF< =FA R9Y a=K BU LAN =J= E KA< G> AP9 <9K =E K=F L=F Y9 <= DAI MA< 9YX G K=E HJ= BM] RG <G 9BM AR9 E= FLG <= GML � J9K �=P =;M Ya= K� ¥ li q u id a o e ex ec u o co le ti va �< =;G JJA< GG HJ9 RG <= �9 FG K=E @9: ADAL 9YX G< = AFL =J= KK9 <GK =E FbE =JG ;GE H9L ]N= D; GE 9? J9N A<9 <= <G <9F G GK D=? ALAE 9<G KH G<= J� XG HJG EG N=J 9D AIM A<9 YXG == P=; MYX G< 9A F<= FAR 9YX G< =NA <9 K=F <G IM= GH JG< MLG <9 AF< =FA R9Y XG J=N =JL =JU H9J 9G "M F<G <= %FL =J= KK= K A>M KGK (= K9< GK ;JA 9<G H=D 9( =A F� ��� �� ��� � �� � � P ar te II D IR E IT O D O M E IO A M B IE N T E �, "0� �& +4& "'� �� ��' ,0 � 1. D IS P O S IT IV O S F U N D A M E N T A IS D A C O N S T IT U I Ì O F E D E R A L a) ar t. 1h, II I: <A? FA< 9<= <9 H=K KG9 @ME 9F9 Ð KGE =FL =@ UN A<9 <A? F9 K= AFK =JA <9 FME �9E :A= FL= �=; GDG ?A; 9E =FL =�= IMA DA: J9< G� b ) ar t. 5 h,c a p u t: ?9J 9FL A9�< 9�AF NAG D9: ADA< 9<= �<G �<A J=A LG� V�N A<9 � c) ar t. 17 0, ca p u t e in ci so s II I e V I, d a C F : 9G J<= E =;G F`E A;9 <=N =J =KH =AL9 J GK� HJA F;] HAG K�< 9�> MFY XG� KG; A9D� <9� HJG HJA =<9 <=� =�< 9�< =>= K9� <G� E= AG� 9E :A= FL= � d ) ar t. 22 5, ca p u t: LG< GK L\E <AJ =ALG 9G E= AG 9E :A= FL= =;G DG? A;9 E= FL= =IM ADA: � J9< G :=E <= MKG ;GE ME <G HGN G= =KK =F; A9D VK 9<A 9I M9D A<9 <= <= NA< 9 A EH GF< G�K = 9G ,G <=J ,b :DA ;G =V ;GD =LAN A<9 <= G <=N =J <= <=> =F< \�D G =H J=K =JN U�D G H9J 99 K HJ= K=F L=K �=�> MLM J9K �?= J9Y a=K � 2. M E IO A M B IE N T E C O M O D IR E IT O F U N D A M E N T A L E D IF U S O � �" ;GF L=E HD9 9N A<9 ;GE G< AJ= ALG >MF <9E =FL 9D LG< 9NA 9G ar t. 22 5, ca p u t, KGE =FL =; GF; =:= 9N A<9 FME E= AG 9E :A= FL= =;G DG? A;9 E= FL= =IM ADA: J9< G� �G F;D MKX G� GE =AG 9E :A= FL= >A? MJ9 ;GE G< AJ= ALG >MF <9E =FL 9D <9 H=K KG9 @ME 9F9 =Z ME :=E BMJ ]<A ;G <= F9L MJ= R9 <A> MK9 BU IM= ZAF <AN AK]N =D =K =MK <=K LAF 9LU JAG KK XG H=K KG9 KAF <=� L=J EA F9< 9K� =�AF <=L =JE AFU N=A K� 3. E S P C IE S a) M ei o am b ie n te f si co ou n at u ra l: ;GE HJ= =F< =G KGD G G9 J 9
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