9780023606922, Chapter 1 4, Problem 1E

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Chapter 1.4, Problem 1E Step-by-step solution Step 1 of 5 Current Status of quantum computing A classical digital computer works by manipulating binary digits, bits, which can either take values zero or one. Everything is represented by a collection of bits in combinations of ones and zeros. However, quantum computers harness the power of atoms and molecules to perform memory and processing tasks. It employs probabilistic approach and has the potential to perform certain calculations much faster than the silicon-based computer. Step 2 of 5 Instead of bits, quantum bits (qubits) are used; it can take values, 0 and 1, simultaneously with a probability for each state given by a numerical Due to this, a quantum computer could naturally perform myriad (a countless or extremely great number) operations in parallel, using a single processing unit. Step 3 of 5 However, we are only at the infant stage of the quantum computing. But extensive experimental and theoretical research is of keen interest to researchers. There have been developed a number of quantum computing models. Step 4 of 5 The prominent ones are: quantum-gate array, one-way quantum computer, adiabatic quantum computer, and topological quantum computers. Several physical implementation of small quantum computers have been taken, which are very promising and unthinkable flexibility. Step 5 of 5 Recent studies have made breakthroughs which have been instrumental in further development. In fact, in 2011 D-Wave Systems announced the first commercial quantum annealed on the market, which is claimed to be using a 128 quantum bit (qubit) processor chipset.