1 (14)

Prévia do material em texto

Solutions for Introduction and Review
8 continued
(i)
H C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
C
H
C
H
H
H H C
H
H
H HH
C
H
C
H
H
Cl
C
HH H
9 Your Lewis structures may appear different from these. As long as the atoms are connected in the 
same order and by the same type of bond, they are equivalent structures. For now, the exact placement of 
the atoms on the page is not significant. A Lewis structure is "complete" with unshared electron pairs shown.
(a) (b)
(g) CH
H
H
C
H
H
C H
H
H
C
H
H
C
O
C C
O
C
H
C
C
C
CH(e)
(c) C C
O
C
H
C
H
N
H
H
Always be alert for the implied double or triple bond. Remember that the normal valence of C is four 
bonds, nitrogen has three bonds, oxygen has two bonds, and hydrogen has one bond. The only 
exceptions to these valence rules are structures with formal charges. (We will see other unusual 
exceptions in later chapters.)
H
H
H
C C
O
H
H
C(d)
H
H
H
H H
HHH
H
H
(f) C O
O
C
O
C H
H
H
H
H C
H
H
C
O
C
H
H
H
C
HH H
(h)
H
C
CC
C
O
H
H
H
H
H C
H
H
H
N
C
C
N
C
C
H H
C
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
H C C
H
H H
C
H
H
H
C
H
H
C
H
H
C
HHHH
H
C H
(b)(a)
10 Complete Lewis structures show all atoms, bonds, and unshared electron pairs.
(c)
C N
O
H
H
H N H
H
H C
O
(no charge separation)
major minor
(j) C C
H
N HH
H
C C
H
N HH
H
major—negative charge on the
more electronegative atom
minor
C6H13N C8H16O C4H5N
9