Tabela para Identicação de Aços

Prévia do material em texto

Prezados estudantes, 
Estou enviando TODAS as tabelas para identificação de aços retiradas do ASM Metals Handbook. 
Para aqueles que gostam de decorar, boa sorte......
Para aqueles que apenas tem curiosidades, dêem uma olhada e mantenham as tabelas com vocês para consultas caso necessário. 
Abraços
Designations for Steels
A designation is the specific identification of each grade, type, or class of steel by a number, letter, symbol, name, or suitable
combination thereof unique to a particular steel. Grade, type, and class are terms used to classify steel products. Within the steel
industry, they have very specific uses: grade is used to denote chemical composition; type is used to indicate deoxidation
practice; and class is used to describe some other attribute, such as strength level or surface smoothness.
In ASTM specifications, however, these terms are used somewhat interchangeably. In ASTM A 533, for example, type denotes
chemical composition, while class indicates strength level. In ASTM A 515, grade identifies strength level; the maximum carbon
content permitted by this specification depends on both plate thickness and strength level. In ASTM A 302, grade denotes
requirements for both chemical composition and mechanical properties. ASTM A 514 and A 517 are specifications for
high-strength quenched and tempered plate for structural and pressure vessel applications, respectively; each contains several
compositions that can provide the required mechanical properties. However, A 514 type A has the identical composition limits as
A 517 grade. Additional information can be found in the section "ASTM (ASME) Specifications" in this article.
Chemical composition is by far the most widely used basis for classification and/or designation of steels. The most commonly
used system of designation in the United States is that of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the American Iron and
Steel Institute (AISI). The Unified Numbering System (UNS) is also being used with increasing frequency. Each of these
designation systems is described below.
SAE-AISI Designations
As stated above, the most widely used system for designating carbon and alloy steels is the SAE-AISI system. As a point of
technicality, there are two separate systems, but they are nearly identical and have been carefully coordinated by the two groups.
It should be noted, however, that AISI has discontinued the practice of designating steels. Therefore, the reader should consult
Volume 1, Materials, of the SAE Handbook for the most up-to-date information.
The SAE-AISI system is applied to semi-finished forgings, hot-rolled and cold-finished bars, wire road and seamless tubular
goods, structural shapes, plates, sheet, strip, and welded tubing. Table 11 summarizes the numerical designations used in both
SAE and AISI.
Carbon steels contain less than 1.65% Mn, 0.60% Si, and 0.60% Cu; they comprise the 1xxx groups in the SAE-AISI
system and are subdivided into four distinct series as a result of the difference in certain fundamental properties among them.
Plain carbon steels in the 10xx group are listed in Tables 12 and 13 ; note that ranges and limits of chemical composition depend
on the product form. Designations for merchant quality steels, given in Table 14 , include the prefix M. A carbon steel
designation with the letter B inserted between the second and third digits indicates the steel contains 0.0005 to 0.003% B.
Likewise, the letter L inserted between the second and third digits indicates that the steel contains 0.15 to 0.35% Pb for enhanced
machinability. Resulfurized carbon steels in the 11xx group are listed in Table 15 , and resulfurized and rephosphorized carbon
steels in the 12xx group are listed in Table 16 . Both of these groups of steels are produced for applications requiring good
machinability. Tables 17 and 18 list steels having nominal manganese contents of between 0.9 and 1.5% but no other alloying
additions; these steels now have 15xx designations in place of the 10xx designations formerly used.
Certain steels have hardenability requirements in addition to the limits and ranges of chemical composition. They are
distinguished from similar grades that have no hardenability requirement by the use of the suffix H. Limits and ranges of
chemical composition for all carbon steel products reflect the restrictions on heat and product analyses given in Tables 1 , 2 , and
5 . Hardenability characteristics of carbon steels and the carbon and carbon-boron H steels are discussed in the article
"Hardenable Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels" in this Volume. Corresponding hardenability bands for these steels are given in the
article "Hardenability Curves" . Except where indicated, all of these designations for carbon steels are both AISI and SAE
designations.
Alloy steels contain manganese, silicon, or copper in quantities greater than those listed for the carbon steels, or they have
specified ranges or minimums for one or more of the other alloying elements. In the AISI-SAE system of designations, the major
alloying elements in a steel are indicated by the first two digits of the designation (Table 11 ). The amount of carbon, in
hundredths of a percent, is indicated by the last two (or three) digits. The chemical compositions of AISI-SAE standard grades of
alloy steels are given in Table 19 . For alloy steels that have specific hardenability requirements, the suffix H is used to
distinguish these steels from corresponding grades that have no hardenability requirement (see the article "Hardenable Carbon
and Low-Alloy Steels" in this Volume for chemical compositions of alloy H steels). As with carbon steels, the letter B inserted
between the second and third digits indicates that the steel contains boron. The prefix E signifies that the steel was produced by
the electric furnace process. Limits and ranges of chemical composition for all alloy steel products reflect the restrictions on heat
and product analyses given in Tables 1 through 7. The designations in Table 19 are both AISI and SAE designations unless
otherwise indicated.
Potential standard steels are listed in SAE J1081 and Table 20 . These are experimental grades to which no regular
AISI-SAE designations have been assigned. Some were developed to minimize the nickel content; others were devised to
improve a particular attribute of a standard grade of alloy steel.
HSLA Steels. Several grades of HSLA steel are described in SAE Recommended Practice J410; their chemical compositions
and minimum mechanical properties are listed in Table 21 . These steels have been developed as a compromise between the
convenient fabrication characteristics and low cost of plain carbon steels and the high strength of heat-treated alloy steels. These
steels have excellent strength and ductility as-rolled.
Formerly Listed SAE Steels. A number of grades of carbon and alloy steels have been deleted from the list of SAE
standard steels due to lack of use. For the convenience of those who might encounter an application for one of these grades, they
are listed in Table 22 .
UNS Designations
The Unified Numbering System (UNS) has been developed by ASTM and SAE and several other technical societies, trade
associations, and United States government agencies. A UNS number, which is a designation of chemical composition and not a
specification, is assigned to each chemical composition of a metallic alloy. Available UNS designation are included in the tables
in this article.
The UNS designation of an alloy consists of a letter and five numerals. The letters indicate the broad class of alloys; the
numerals define specific alloys within that class. Existing designation systems, such as the AISI-SAE system for steels, have been
incorporated into UNS designations. UNS is described in greater detail in SAE J1086 and ASTM E 527.
Table 19 Low-alloy steel compositions applicable to billets, blooms, slabs, and hot-rolledand cold-finished bars
Slightly wider ranges of compositions apply to plates. The article "Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Plate" in this volume lists SAE-AISI plate
Compositions
AMS Designations
Aerospace Materials Specifications (AMS), published by SAE, are complete specifications that are generally adequate for
procurement purposes. Most of the AMS designations pertain to materials intended for aerospace applications; the specifications
may include mechanical property requirements significantly more severe than those for grades of steel having similar
compositions but intended for other applications. Processing requirements, such as for consumable electrode remelting, are
common in AMS steels. Chemical compositions for AMS grades of carbon and alloy steels are given in Tables 26 and 27 ,
respectively.