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What are Objects in Programming?
Last Updated : 22 Jan, 2026
In Object-Oriented Programming, an object is a real-time entity that represents a specific instance of a
class and occupies memory at runtime. A class acts as a blueprint, while memory is allocated only
when an object is created.
Objects allow access to class data members and invocation of class methods.
They are used to perform actual operations defined by the class.
Objects help represent real-world entities in a program.
Real-world Example of Object
The objects for the class Account are SBI Account, ICICI Account, etc. Each object represents a distinct
account with its own data, even though all follow the same class structure. Similar is shown with the
help of the diagram below:
Relation Between class and object
Characteristics of an object
Every object in OOP has the following three essential characteristics:
1. Identity
Each object has a unique identity, which distinguishes it from other objects, even if they belong to the
same class. This identity is usually represented by the object reference. No two objects share the
same identity in memory.
2. State
The state of an object represents the current values of its attributes (variables). These values are
typically initialized using constructors and can change during program execution.
Example:
Account acc = new Account(1000);
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Here, 1000 defines the initial state of the object.
3. Behavior
The behavior of an object is defined by the methods it can perform. These methods operate on the
object’s state and represent its functionality.
Example behaviors: deposit(), withdraw(), checkBalance().
Output
Balance: 1500
Balance: 2000
Explanation:
Identity: acc1 and acc2 are two different objects in memory.
State: balance holds the current value for each object.
Behavior: deposit() and checkBalance() define what the object can do.
6
class Account {
 
 int balance; // State (data members)
 // Constructor
 Account(int balance) {
 this.balance = balance;
 }
 // Behavior
 void deposit(int amount) {
 balance += amount;
 }
 void checkBalance() {
 System.out.println("Balance: " + balance);
 }
}
public class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 // Creating objects
 Account acc1 = new Account(1000);
 Account acc2 = new Account(2000);
 acc1.deposit(500);
 acc1.checkBalance();
 acc2.checkBalance();
 }
}
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