EXP_0015

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In Purchasing, you enter a variety of documents. The R/3 System updates these documents and stores them in database tables. In the R/3 System, you can use Standard Analysis to analyze the information contained in the documents.
As the employee responsible in Purchasing, you want to obtain an overview of your vendors and purchasing organizations. For example, you want know:
Which purchase orders were effected at a particular vendor for a particular period.
The number of purchase orders for which you have already received goods.
Whether a vendor complies with his or her delivery dates.
Whether a goods receipt and invoice receipt are correct.
The average value of each purchase order for a purchasing group.
You can also carry out analyses for master data, as well as for documents. For example, you can output a list of all purchasing info records for a material or vendor, or you can obtain an overview of the material master records in your enterprise, based on particular criteria.
The analyses in the R/3 System provide you with a quick and convenient overview, enabling you to act accordingly.
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Scope of list parameters determine which data is displayed for a document. You can decide whether you want a list in short form or whether it should contain more information (for example, lines for open purchase order quantity and value or the validity period of outline agreements). You can configure scope-of-list parameters in Customizing for Purchasing.
The selection parameter determines which purchasing documents the report evaluates. In this example, the system will only evaluate purchasing documents for which you have still to receive an invoice. In Customizing, you can define your own selection parameters.
If, at regular intervals, you carry out a particular list display using the same selections, it is worthwhile creating a variant. This reduces data entry time and prevents errors during entry.
You can store your own variants or use existing ones. 
You can define any number of variants for a report.
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Scope of the list parameters determine which data is displayed for a document. You can decide whether you want a list in short form or whether it should contain more information, for example, lines for open purchase order quantity and value or the validity period of outline agreements.
You can also configure scope-of-list parameters yourself in Customizing for Purchasing.
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When you execute a report, the system displays input fields on the selection screen so that you can restrict the output data.
If, at regular intervals, you carry out a particular list display using the same selections, it is worthwhile creating a variant. This reduces data entry time and prevents errors during entry.
You can define the number of variants of your choice for a report.
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SAP Logistics offers a range of application-related information systems. All have a standard interface and similar basic functionality.
All Logistics information systems have the same type of data retention. A range of special tools and ways of working emphasize the typical character of a data warehouse in the LIS.
In Logistics, you can distinguish between the following information systems:
SIS Sales Information System
PURCHIS Purchasing Information System
INVCO Inventory Controlling
WMIS Warehouse Management Information System
PPIS Shop Floor Information System
QMIS Quality Management Information System
PMIS Plant Maintenance Information System
RIS Retail Information System
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The Logistics Information System is a component of the SAP Open Information Warehouse and provides information from the areas of Sales and Distribution, Purchasing, Production, Warehouse Management, Plant Maintenance, and Quality Management.
In LIS, important information is stored in individual databases, which are maintained in parallel to the operational systems. The primary objective here is to transform the detailed data in the operational systems into key figures with a high predictive value.
Further information systems are available for the Financial Accounting, Controlling, and Human Resources modules.
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The individual physical tables in the SAP Information Warehouse are called information structures. All information structures, or info structures for short, have the same structure.
The objects to analyze from the real business world are represented by characteristics in info structures, which are used as a basis for categorizing data. Statistical information is updated and aggregated around characteristics such as vendor, customer, or material. Organizational elements such as purchasing group, material group, valuation area, plant, or storage area can also function as characteristics in information structures.
The time base is another aggregation option. The data is not only accumulated for each characteristic but also per period. For each information structure, you can choose a daily, weekly, or monthly data aggregation.
Logistics key figures are updated for each combination of characteristics in accordance with the predefined period unit. Key figures are quantitative figures, which convey a concise but meaningful amount of information. Key figures can be obtained for each characteristic through the cumulation of data, such as purchase order quantity or production order quantity; however, they can also take the form of simple counters, such as 'number of deliveries'.
The SAP R/3 System contains a wide range of standard information structures for different application areas. Easy-to-use tools also allow you to group characteristics and key figures together to suit your needs, resulting in self-defined info structures, which can then be supplied with data via separate update programs.
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When you post a document, as is shown here using a purchase order, the system updates the key figures of the info structures for the relevant characteristic combinations.
If there is no data record for the characteristic combination in the document, the system creates a new data record and enters the characteristics and key figures (example: vendor 1000, material M-01, month 05.98, purchase order value 11 000).
If the characteristic combination already exists in the info structure, the system increases or decreases the key figures in the data line by the relevant values (example: vendor 1000, material M-02, month 05.98, purchase order value (old) 20 000 + purchase order value (document) 10 000 = purchase order value (new) 30 000).
In the various analyses, lists can be created for all possible characteristic combinations on the basis of data in the info structures.
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The standard analyses in LIS offer numerous ways of analyzing data. Standard analyses offer a multitude of functions that enable a detailed and specific analysis of data.
In each standard analysis, you can use various selection options to determine the scope of data to be analyzed. You can preset the selection of key figures you want to analyze or it can be carried out interactively during the analysis.
You can use the Early Warning System (EWS) to look for any unusual situations and react to and correct these in good time.
Using flexible analyses, you can individually compile and compress key figures. You can also structure the layout of your report to meet your requirements. For reports, you can also define key figures composed of computing formulas from existing key figures. This means that you can multiply key figures or calculate the quotient of two key figures, for example. The data contained in the list can be converted into graphic format.
The Logistics Data Warehouse is open and therefore allows you to carry out analyses using external programs, such as MS-EXCEL or native SQL.
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Standard analyses offer a wide range of functions for high quality presentationsand analyses of the data basis in LIS.
The data basis for a standard analysis is established when you determine an object to analyze
(e.g. purchasing group, vendor, material group, etc.) and make selections.
This data is then organized and can be displayed in an initial list and a variety of drilldown lists. Each analysis can be archived.
You can use the standard transactions in the application to display the complete master record or document information from the various drilldown levels of the list.
A wide range of functions can be used to individually examine the key figures and characteristic values on which the analysis is based from a business perspective. All the functions for statistical analyses are graphically supported.
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