7058_TSCM_50-2ª_parte_(6-11)

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MÁSTER EN SOFTWARE DE GESTIÓN DE EMPRESA 
SAP R/3 
 
2003-2004 
Certificación MM (7058) 
Juan Carlos Sarrasi-Xavier Rovira
TSCM 50-2ª parte (6-11) 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-1 
 SAP AG 2001
Planning Run
z Executing the planning run
z Planning file
z Control parameters for materials planning
Contents
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-2 
 SAP AG 2001
z Distinguish between the various planning run
types and creation indicators for the MRP run
z Explain other important factors influencing the
MRP run
z Carry out MRP as single-item planning
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:
Planning Run: Unit Objectives
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-3 
 SAP AG 2002
Planning Run: Overview Diagram
Planning Run
333
Planning Prerequisites111
44
Lot-Size Calculation
Planning Result and Evaluation
222 Reorder Point Planning
555
444
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-4 
 SAP AG 2001
Executing the Planning Run
Requirements planning for a plant - background 
processing (total planning)
Planning run for one plant - online (total planning)
Planning run for one material - online 
(single-item planning)
Plant
AA
MaterialMaterial
Plant
The scope of planning enables materials requirements
planning across plants or for each MRP area
 
 
 
„ You can carry out the planning run as a total planning run for one specific plant. With this procedure, 
all the materials that are relevant for planning for a particular plant are planned. It includes BOM 
explosion for BOM materials. 
„ The total planning run can be carried out online or in the background processing mode. If you want 
to execute the total planning for several plants and/or MRP areas, use the scope of planning function. 
You define a scope of planning in Customizing, by specifying its plant and MRP area. 
„ You can carry out the requirements planning run as single-item planning for an individual material. 
In this case, the planning run is carried out for one particular material either single or multi-level. In 
single-level, single-item planning, the system only plans the BOM level of the selected material. In 
multi-level, single-item planning, the system plans the level of the selected material plus all the 
lower BOM levels. 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-5 
 SAP AG 2001
Planning File Entry
Customizing Material master record
Materials planning
Plant 1000
Active
 X
Material 1, Plant 1000
MRP type VB
Planning file entry
Low-level
code
Material Plant NETCH NETPL ...
005
...
1 1000 X X
MRP-relevant
change
MRP-relevant
change in
planning horizon
MaterialMaterial
 
 
 
„ The planning file contains entries for all the materials in a plant relevant to planning, provided that 
MRP is activated for the plant. 
„ The planning file controls the planning run and the scope of the planning. 
„ When a change relevant to planning (for example, creation of a purchase order) occurs, a change 
indicator is set in the planning file for the respective entry (file entry NETCH). When a change 
relevant to planning occurs within the planning horizon, another change indicator is set (file entry 
NETPL). 
„ In Customizing, you can define the planning horizon as a plant parameter or as a MRP group 
parameter. 
„ Changes relevant to planning can be: 
- Changes involving stocks, provided they change the stock/requirements situation of the 
material. 
- The addition of purchase requisitions, purchase orders, planned orders, sales requirements, 
forecast requirements, dependent requirements, or reservations. 
- Changes to fields relevant to planning of these goods receipts or issues, or of the material 
master record. 
- The deletion of goods receipts or goods issues. 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-6 
 SAP AG 2001
Planning Run Types
NEUPL - Regenerative planning
NETCH - Net change planning
NETPL - Net change planning in the planning horizon
Planning file entry
Low-level
code
Material Plant ...
005
...
1 1000
Planning file entry
Low-level
code
Material Plant
005
...
1 1000
Planning file entry
Low-level
code
Material Plant
005
...
1 1000
NETCH
NETCH
X
X
...
NETPL ...
X
 
 
 
„ Requirements planning can be carried out for various numbers of materials. The planning run type 
controls the scope of the materials to be planned. You can specify the planning run type in the 
Processing key field on the initial screen. 
„ The following types of MRP runs are possible: 
- Regenerative planning (processing key NEUPL): The system plans all materials that are 
included in the planning file, irrespective of all indicators. 
- Net change planning (processing key NETCH): The system only plans those materials that are 
provided with the change indicator NETCH. 
- Net change planning in the short-term planning horizon (processing key NETPL): The system 
only plans those materials provided with the change indicator NETPL. 
„ On completion of the planning run, the appropriate indicator is automatically deleted in the planning 
file: 
- The system deletes the total change indicator and the net change indicator for a regenerative 
planning run and a net change planning run. 
- The system only deletes the net change planning indicator for a net change planning run in the 
planning horizon. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-7 
 SAP AG 2001
Planning in the Planning Horizon
NETPL:
Material is planned
NETPL:
Material is plannedPlanning horizon
Time
Planning horizon
!!! Time
NETPL:
Material is 
not planned
NETPL:
Material is 
not planned
Today
Today
 
 
 
„ In order to accelerate planning, it can be limited to a certain planning horizon. Only those 
requirements that are within the planning horizon are covered by receipts. 
„ As time passes, requirements can occur in the planning horizon that have not yet been covered by 
receipts. If no other changes relevant to planning occur, these requirements will only be covered 
during the next planning run over the entire time frame. This is why this kind of planning run should 
be carried out on a regular basis. 
„ In Customizing, the planning horizon is defined as a plant or MRP group parameter. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-8 
 SAP AG 2001
Control Parameters Materials Planning
Processing key
NEUPL
NETCH
NETPL
Create purchase
requisition
1
2
3
in the opening period
Schedule lines
1
2
3
in the opening period
Create MRP list
1
2
3
only if exception message
no MRP list
Planning mode
1
2
3
New BOM and routing
Delete planning data
Adjust data
basic
 
 
 
„ When starting the planning run, specify the following control parameters for materials planning: 
 - Processing key: Determine the planning type as regenerative planning or net change planning in the 
complete horizon, or limited in the planning horizon. 
 - The Create purchase requisition and Schedule lines indicators are only relevant for externally-
procured materials. You can determine if and when purchase requisitions and schedule lines are 
required as a result of the planning run. 
 - You can also determine whether the planning run is to create MRP lists. It is therefore possible to 
create MRP lists depending on whether certain exception messages appear. (You can define the 
exception messages that mean a MRP list will be created in the Customizing step Define and Group 
Exception Messages). 
 - Finally, determine with the planning mode, whether the existing planning just needs to be adjusted, 
or whether BOMs and routings need to be exploded again, or whether the planning should be 
recreated from scratch. 
„ The creation indicators for purchase requisitions, schedulelines and MRP lists can also be set in the 
MRP group. The materials assigned to this MRP group are planned accordingly in the total planning 
run. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-9 
 SAP AG 2001
Plant Parameters / MRP Group Parameters
Plant
z Indicator for schedule lines
z Purchasing processing time
z Rescheduling horizon
z Planning horizon
z Available stock
z Number ranges and item numbers
z Opening period
z ...
MRP group
Plant
z Creation indicator
z Rescheduling horizon
z Planning horizon
z ...
 
 
 
„ Plant parameters are control parameters for material requirements planning and are defined in 
Customizing for each plant. 
„ The MRP group is an organizational object used to allocate certain control parameters for MRP to a 
group of materials. If your company requires more detailed control of the planning for each plant and 
you want to allocate control parameters to certain material groups that are different from the plant 
definition, you can maintain MRP groups and MRP group parameters in Customizing. 
„ You can allocate the MRP group in the material master record. 
„ If an MRP group was allocated to a material type, it will be the default in the material master record. 
„ In total planning, the system checks for each material whether the material was allocated a MRP 
group: 
- If no MRP group is allocated to the material, it is planned using plant parameters. 
- If a MRP group is allocated to the material, it is planned using MRP group parameters. 
„ In single-item planning, the parameters entered in the entry screen are always used for planning. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-10 
 SAP AG 2001
MRP group
AA
MaterialMaterial
Material master
BB
Material 002Material 002
AA
Material 001Material 001
...
Plant parameters
Pr
io
rit
y
Settings in Materials Planning
 
 
 
„ The Customizing settings for the requirements planning are basically controlled on three levels: 
 - Material master, 
 - MRP group (Customizing step Carry Out Overall Maintenance of MRP Groups), 
 - Plant parameters (Customizing step Carry Out Overall Maintenance of Plant Parameters), 
„ The MRP group is an organizational object that is used to allocate certain control parameters for 
MRP to a group of materials. This includes the creation indicator for purchase requisitions, schedule 
lines, the planning horizon and so on. In Customizing, define the MRP group with these specific 
control parameters and assign the material in the material master record (MRP 1 view) to the 
corresponding MRP group. 
„ If a setting is possible on several levels, the setting in the material master takes priority over the 
setting in the MRP group that the material is assigned to. The setting in the MRP group therefore 
takes priority over the setting in the plant parameters. 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-11 
 SAP AG 2001
z Two main options are available for carrying out
material requirements planning: Total planning
online or in background mode for all materials in
a plant that are relevant to planning, or single-
item planning for an individual material.
z MRP is based on entries in the planning file.
z You can limit the number of materials relevant to
planning by defining the planning run type.
z Creation indicators determine the result of the
planning run.
Planning Run: Summary
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-12 
Planning Run Exercises 
 
 
 
Unit: Planning Run 
Topic: Execute Materials Requirements Planning 
 
 
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: 
• Display the planning file table 
• Carry out requirements planning as single-item planning 
 
 
 
You need to consider how the planning run is to be executed, how 
the number of materials to be planned can be limited 
appropriately and what the result of the planning run should be. 
1-1 Display the planning file entry for your material T-RAZ## in plant 1000. 
1-1-1 Which low-level code is your material allocated to? 
____________________ 
1-1-2 Which planning indicators are set for your material? 
____________________ 
1-2 Carry out single-item planning for your material T-RAZ## in plant 1000. 
1-2-1 Choose the planning procedure Net change for total horizon. Which 
processing key do you use? ____________________ 
1-2-2 Make sure that the requirements planning run creates planned orders. Which 
creation indicator do you use for purchase requisitions? 
____________________ 
1-2-3 The result of the planning run should be displayed immediately. Set the 
Display results indicator. Start the planning run. 
1-2-4 Then check the planning result. Did the system create a planned order for 
your material? ____________ 
How do you explain the receipt quantity of the planned order? 
_______________________________________________ 
Save your planning result. 
1-3 Display the planning file entry for your material T-RAZ## in plant 1000. Which 
planning indicators are set for your material? 
_______________________________ 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-13 
1-4 Display the MRP data for your material T-RAZ## in the material master record. 
1-4-1 Which MRP group is allocated to your material? ____________________ 
1-4-2 Where does this allocation come from? 
 __________________________________________________ 
1-5 Display the control parameters for the MRP group of your material in plant 1000. In 
Customizing, choose Carry Out Overall Maintenance of MRP Groups. Which 
planning horizon is specified for the MRP group of your material in plant 1000? 
____________________ 
1-6 Display the control parameters for plant 1000. In Customizing, choose Carry Out 
Overall Maintenance of Plant Parameters. 
1-6-1 Which planning horizon is defined for plant 1000? ____________________ 
1-6-2 Which planning horizon is relevant for planning the material 
T-RAZ## and why? 
 __________________________________________________ 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-14 
Planning Run Solutions 
 
 
 
Unit: Planning Run 
Topic: Execute Materials Requirements Planning 
1-1 Menu path: Logistics → Materials Management → Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) → 
MRP → Planning → Planning File Entry → Display 
1-1-1 MRP level: Your material has MRP level 999. 
1-1-2 Planning indicator: The NETCH and NETPL indicators are set. 
1-2 Menu path: Logistics → Materials Management → Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) 
→ MRP → Planning → Single-Item, Single-Level 
1-2-1 Processing key: Use the NETCH key. 
1-2-2 Creation indicator: Enter value 3 for the Create purchase requisitions indicator. 
1-2-3 
1-2-4 Planned order created: Yes. 
Explanation of receipt quantity: In the material master, 500 pc. is entered as the fixed 
lot-size. 
1-3 Indicators for your material: No indicators are set. 
1-4 Menu path: Logistics → Materials Management → Material Master → Material → Display 
1-4-1 MRP group in the material: The material is assigned to MRP group 0000. 
1-4-2 This assignment depends if the material type of your material is raw material and can 
be set in Customizing. Menu path for this setting: 
 Customizing menu: Materials Management → Consumption-Based Planning → MRP 
Groups → Define MRP Group for Each Material Type 
1-5 Customizing menu: Materials Management → Consumption-Based Planning → MRP Groups 
→ Carry Out Overall Maintenance of MRP Groups (for plant 1000, choose Maintain and specify 
the MRP group). 
Planning horizon for MRP group 0000: No planning horizon is set for this MRP group. 
1-6 Customizing menu: Materials Management → Consumption-Based Planning → Plant 
Parameters → Maintain all plant parameters (choose Maintain and specify plant 1000) 
1-6-1 Planning horizon for plant 1000: 100 workdays is entered. 
1-6-2 Relevant planning horizon: The planning horizondetermined at plant level is valid, as 
no horizon is determined in the MRP group. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-15 
Reorder Point Planning Exercises 
 
 
Unit: Reorder Point Planning 
Topic: Evaluation of MRP 
 
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: 
• Understand the result of the planning run for the reorder point 
planning. 
 
 
Your material was planned with manual reorder point planning. 
Check the results of the planning run. 
 
1-1 In Customizing, display the plant parameters for plant 1000. Determine the 
purchasing department processing time. Purchasing department processing 
time:___________________________________ 
Is the purchasing department processing time determined on a workday basis or on 
a calendar day basis?_______________________________________________ 
1-2 Display the MRP list for your material T-RAZ## in plant 1000. 
1-2-1 Determine the values in the list header for the following material master 
fields: 
 
Reorder point: ____________________ 
 
Safety stock: ____________________ 
 
Planned delivery time: ____________________ 
 
GR processing time: ____________________ 
 
MRP type: ____________________ 
 
1-2-2 What is the availability date of your purchase requisition? 
_______________________________________ 
How is this date calculated? 
_______________________________________________ 
1-3 Double-click on the MRP type field in the list header, to display the settings of the 
MRP type in Customizing. Are external requirements considered in the net 
requirements calculation for this material? _______________ 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 6-16 
Reorder Point Planning Solutions 
 
 
 
Unit: Reorder Point Planning 
Topic: Evaluation of MRP 
1-1 Customizing menu: Materials Management → Consumption-Based Planning → Plant 
Parameters → Carry Out Overall Maintenance of Plant Parameters (choose Maintain and 
specify plant 1000; the purchasing department is under External procurement.) 
Purchasing department processing time: 1 workday. 
1-2 
1-2-1 Reorder point: 50 (pieces) 
 
Safety stock: 0 (pieces) 
 
Planned delivery time: 2 (calendar days) 
 
GR processing time: 0 (workdays) 
 
MRP type: VB (manual reorder point planning) 
 
1-2-2 Availability date of the purchase requisition: Varied. 
The availability date results from the sum of purchasing department processing time, 
planned delivery time and GR processing time. Forward scheduling is used in reorder 
point planning. 
1-3 External requirements considered: No, they are not considered. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-1 
 SAP AG 2001
z MRP list and current stock/requirements list
z Exception messages
z Converting planned orders
Contents
Planning Result and Evaluation
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-2 
 SAP AG 2001
z Distinguish between the various functions for
evaluating the planning result and use them
z Explain the meaning of exception messages
z Convert planned orders into purchase
requisitions
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:
Planning Result and Evaluation: Unit Objectives
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-3 
 SAP AG 2002
Planning Result and Evaluation: Overview Diagram
Planning Run
Planning Prerequisites
222
111
333 Lot-Size Calculation
Planning Result and Evaluation
444
Reorder Point Planning
55
555
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-4 
 SAP AG 2001
Process of Consumption-Based Planning
Requirements Requirements 
planningplanning
Net requirementsNet requirements
calculationcalculation
Lot-size calculationLot-size calculation
SchedulingScheduling
Material master
Forecast
AA
MaterialMaterial
Inventory Management
Purchasing
Define procurementDefine procurement
A
B B C
B ??
 
 
 
„ The main function of requirements planning is to determine material availability, in other words, 
what amount of which material is needed on which date. 
„ Net requirements calculation is carried out by the system at plant (or MRP) level during the planning 
run, as part of MRP. The system checks whether the requirements can be covered by the available 
warehouse stock and planned receipts. If material shortage occurs, the system calculates the shortage 
quantity and creates an order proposal. 
„ Lot-size calculation is carried out as part of requirements planning, according to the lot-size 
calculation procedure determined in the material master. 
„ When the system creates an order proposal, it checks to see whether the receipt is to be made via in-
house production or external procurement. This is defined per material by the procurement type and, 
if necessary, the special procurement type. 
„ The procurement type is preset by the material type in Customizing for the material master. 
„ You use the special procurement type to define 'in-house production' or 'external procurement' in 
more detail. 
„ In scheduling, the system calculates the start and finish dates of the procurement elements for in-
house produced or externally-procured materials. When scheduling externally-procured materials, 
the following times are taken into account: purchasing department processing time, planned delivery 
time, goods receipt processing time. 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-5 
 SAP AG 2001
Planning Result
Planning
file entry
Planning run
Procurement
proposal
MRP
lists
 
 
 
„ Requirements planning can be carried out for various numbers of materials. The planning run type 
controls the scope of the materials to be planned. You can specify the planning run type in the 
Processing key field on the initial screen. 
„ The creation indicator controls the creation of planned orders or purchase requisitions, schedule 
lines, and MRP lists. 
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-6 
 SAP AG 2001
Planned orders
Purchase requisitions
Production orders
Purchase orders
Plant stock/
Storage location stock
Sales orders
Planned ind. reqs
currentcurrent
Stock / Requirements List and MRP List
PlanningPlanning
runrun
General structure
Se
le
ct
io
n 
tr
ee
Variable
header
MRPMRP
elementselements
...
...
Current stock/
reqmnts list
MRP list
 
 
 
„ You can evaluate the planning situation or the result of a planning run, by using the current 
stock/requirements list or the MRP list. You can use either individual or collective access. 
„ The current stock/requirements list is a dynamic list: It shows the present stock, requirements and 
receipts situation. Changes become obvious as soon as you call the current stock/requirements list, or 
choose Refresh to read the elements from the database in the display of the stock/requirements list. 
„ The MRP lists shows the result of the most recent planning run and is therefore static: Changes made 
after the planning run are not shown. You can decide in the planning run, whether a MRP list is to be 
created. 
„ The basic structure of both lists is the same: 
 - Links (optional) are in the form of a tree in the MRP controller's worklist. 
 - At the top of the list is the header with the material number. The header details display more 
information. 
 - The list itself contains the individual MRP elements and the corresponding available quantities. 
„ With the user-specific settings, you can adjust both lists to your personal needs (see Customizing: 
Evaluation of Requirements Planning, Configure MRP List / Stock/Requirements List). You can use a 
customer exit to show additional data that you can then call using a function key (see Customizing, 
Customer exit: Program additional columns). 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-7 
 SAP AG 2001
Layout and Functions of the MRP Lists
Material memo
Find
Stock statistics
Display
Change
ConvertPegged reqmnt
Order report
Variable header
Planning segments
Receipts
Reqmnts
Material master data
Stocks
Consumption values
Header dataHeader data
Actions for MRP elementActions for MRP element
ProcessProcess
Period totals
Requirements
grouping
Variable date display
DisplayDisplay
.
..
.
..
user-specific
user-specificuser-specific
 
 
 
„ The individual lists (current stock/requirements lists and MRP lists) have many display options 
available: You can display various dates (availability date or the goods receipt date, with or without 
safety time), you can use filters, you can work in the period totals display and much more. You can 
define the display accordingly in your personal settings. 
„ The 'period totals' is a display variant, where the planning results are periodically summarized. The 
individual periodicities are displayed in the period totals display on various tab pages. 
„ You can process individual MRP elements from the list. As well as the standard functions, user-
specific defined functions are also available, via the 'navigation profile' and personal favorites. 
„ The header details show an overview of master and transaction data for each material. This data is 
grouped together according to topic in individual screens. The MRP type controls which screens are 
displayed in the requirements planning evaluations. For this, the screen sequences have a key that is 
then assigned to the MRP type. It is therefore possible to display master data for the evaluation of 
consumption-based materials that is different to that displayed for MRP planned materials. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-8 
 SAP AG 2001
Collective Access to Current Stock/
Requirements List
Overview of materials
Select materials
Resources:
- Traffic lights
 - Sort
 - Find
 - in the overview
 - in the individual
 lists
Overview of materials
Select materials
Resources:
- Traffic lights
 - Sort
 - Find
 - in the overview
 - in the individual
 lists
Current
stock/
requirements
lists
Current
stock/
requirements
lists
ProcessProcess
Selection by
Product group
Class
MRP controller
Supplier
 - Purchase orders/
 SA schedule lines
 - Purchase requisitions
Production line
 - Production orders
 - Planned orders
Further limitation by
 Material data
 Planning file entries
Selection by
Product group
Class
MRP controller
Supplier
 - Purchase orders/
 SA schedule lines
 - Purchase requisitions
Production line
 - Production orders
 - Planned orders
Further limitation by
 Material data
 Planning file entries Lists already
structured?
 
 
 
„ Collective access to the current stock/requirements list is possible with many selection criteria. For 
example, you can display all lists for which you are responsible (as MRP controller). 
„ Firstly, a material overview is displayed with all selected materials. If you accessed with the Set up 
lists in background indicator, this orientation help is available: Traffic lights (you can determine the 
criteria for the display), diverse search functions in the overview and in the individual lists, sort 
function (also for individual customer segments according to date or number). With the search 
function, it is possible to specifically select materials according to particular exception messages. 
„ From the overview, goto the individual lists and process the materials there. If, for example, you 
have used the search function to select several lists for processing, you can go from one list directly 
into the next selected list. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-9 
 SAP AG 2001
Collective Access to MRP Lists
Overview of materials
Select materials
Resources:
- Traffic lights
- Processing indicator
- New exceptions
 - Sort
 - Find
 - in the overview
 - in the individual
 lists
Overview of materials
Select materials
Resources:
- Traffic lights
- Processing indicator
- New exceptions
 - Sort
 - Find
 - in the overview
 - in the individual
 lists
MRP listMRP list
ProcessProcess
Selection by
MRP controller
Product group
Further limitation by
 MRP date
Processing date
Days' supplies
Exception groups
Processing indicator
Material data
Selection by
MRP controller
Product group
Further limitation by
 MRP date
Processing date
Days' supplies
Exception groups
Processing indicator
Material data
 
 
 
„ The selection criteria for collective access in the MRP lists are not the same as those in the current 
stock/requirements lists. Here, for example, the MRP or processing date and/or the processing 
indicator for the selection are available. 
„ The orientation guides in the material overview correspond with the current stock/requirements list. 
It is also possible to search for processing indicators or new exceptions. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-10 
 SAP AG 2001
Material Tree
Tr.light Mat.no.
P-100
100-100
100-200
100-300
...
...
Worklist
tree
... all materials in the
current session ...
Order tree
 ... all materials 
 of an order ...
Product group
tree
... all materials of a
product group ...
 In selection and sequence
configurable
 
 Configurable in selection 
and sequence
 
 
 
„ Displaying the material tree is optional (this can be set in the user settings). Press the Material tree 
button. 
„ You can change the layout of the tree and display the following: 
 - Worklist tree: all materials in the current session are displayed (more so when the initial access is 
via collective access). 
 - Order tree: all components and assemblies of a selected MRP element are displayed according to 
the order report. 
 - Product groups tree: all materials of a product group (only if using collective access via a product 
group) are displayed. 
„ By double-clicking on a material in the tree, the corresponding material is displayed. 
„ For the worklist tree and product group tree, you can set which fields are to be displayed in which 
order (from the menu Settings). User-defined groupings can be shown according to processing 
indicators, for example. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-11 
 SAP AG 2001
Navigation Profile
List
Details of element
Navigation profile
General transaction calls
Transaction calls per
MRP element
 Context-
sensitive
 Context-
sensitive
......
Own favorites
 
 
 
„ A navigation profile contains transaction calls for transactions that can be called directly from the 
current stock/requirements list, or the MRP list. The transactions are either general (actions on a 
material level) or they refer to a particular MRP element. 
„ A navigation profile is defined in Customizing Define navigation profiles, and the user is assigned to 
a profile in the user-specific settings (on the General Settings tab page). 
„ In a navigation profile, you can determine any number of transaction calls. The list display is limited 
to five general transaction calls and two transaction calls for each MRP element. However, the first 
five or first two transaction calls relevant for the particular context are shown. 
„ You can preassign three parameters for each transaction call for the initial screen of this transaction. 
You can also link the transaction to particular parameters from the material master: Procurement 
type, material type, MRP group, MRP type. 
„ A function similar to the navigation profiles is available with the selection of personal favorites, 
where youcan also activate up to five general transaction calls (choose Environment - Own 
favorites). 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-12 
 SAP AG 2001
Exception Messages
Exceptions may indicate the following:
New order proposals created by MRP
Dates in the past (start date, finish date or opening date)
Problems during BOM explosion
Problems during scheduling
Rescheduling
Priority: Determines which exception message is displayed in the MRP list if 
several exceptions were created during the planning run for an MRP element.
Creation of a MRP list, depending on the exception messages that appeared.
Various exception messages are grouped together for selection.
In Customizing, you can make the following settings:
 
 
 
„ Exception messages depend on the procedure and indicate exceptional situations that have to be 
considered (for example, start date in the past, stock level falling below safety stock). 
„ Exception messages occur during the planning run, in situations that need to be checked by the MRP 
controller. In most cases, you will need to manually process the planning result. 
„ Exception messages are used to control the planning results. The MRP controller is able to select 
materials from the planning result that have to be processed manually. 
„ Exception messages refer to an individual MRP element. 
„ In Customizing, you can define 
- Whether an exception message should be created 
- The priority of the exception messages, if several exception messages were created during the 
planning run for an MRP element 
- Which exception messages are to be grouped together into an exception group 
- Which exception messages lead to the creation of a MRP list if you set the creation indicator 
Create MRP list depending on exception messages. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-13 
 SAP AG 2001
Customizing of the Evaluations
Task function CustomizingCustomizing
Planning run and revision
Specific period splits
Receipt elements for calculation
Screen sequence
Create?
Priority
Allocation to
selection group
Create MRP list?
Exception
messages
Define navigation profile
MRP list / Current
stock/requirements list:
Display period totals
Display receipt days' supply
Display extended header
Display additional
transactions
 
 
 
„ During the planning run, exception messages occur in situations that need to be checked by the MRP 
controller. According to the message groups defined in Customizing, you can carry out the 
processing in the collective display of the MRP list(s). 
„ The SAP standard system displays the period totals with the period splits represented on a standard, 
daily, weekly, and monthly basis. You can define new period splits. 
„ The receipt days' supply indicates how many days the stock will last. This includes the current plant 
stock and the specified receipt elements. 
„ The extended header displays master and transaction data for the respective material. This data is 
grouped together into individual screens. You can define screen sequences and allocate them to the 
MRP types. 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-14 
 SAP AG 2001
Converting a Planned Order
Purchase
requisition
Production
order
Collective conversion
z Plant
z MRP controller
z Opening date
z Procurement type
Planned order
z Plant
z Material
z Amount/Date
z Procurement type
z Firming
X Material 1
 . . .
X
Conversion
Production
MRP
St
t
Purchasing
 
 
 
„ A planned order is an internal document used by the MRP controller, specifying how much of a 
certain material is needed when. A planned order is only used within the company and it is not 
binding. The planned order is used to identify how the required material is to be procured. 
„ Planned orders are generally created automatically during a planning run. 
„ For in-house production, the planned order can be converted into a production order. For external 
procurement, the planned order can be converted into a purchase requisition. 
„ You have two ways of converting the planned orders into purchase requisitions: 
- Individual conversion 
- Collective conversion 
„ In collective conversion, you can select specific planned orders that have a start date within the 
opening horizon. 
„ The opening horizon is the time available for the MRP controller to convert a planned order into a 
purchase requisition or a production order. The horizon key in the material master record controls the 
opening horizon. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 7-15 
 SAP AG 2001
z Using various functions, it is possible to have an
individual or collective evaluation of the planning
result.
z Exception messages indicate particularly critical
situations. Manual processing is necessary in
such cases.
z A planned order is an internal order proposal for
both in-house and external procurement. The
planned order has to be converted into a purchase
requisition or a production order at a later date.
Planning Result and Evaluation: Summary
 
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-1 
 SAP AG 2002 SAP AG 2002
Course: Purchasing Details and Optimization
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-2 
 SAP AG 1999
z Course Goals
z Course Objectives
z Course Content
z Course Overview Diagram
z Main Business Scenario
Contents:
Course Overview
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-3 
 SAP AG 2002
Course Goals
z Recognize the various options for optimizing and
simplifying processes in purchasing, and their
prerequisites.
z Outline additional special functions in purchasing.
This course will prepare you to:
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-4 
 SAP AG 2002
Course Objectives (1)
z Recognize that master records contain default
values that simplify purchasing operations.
z Create different types of info records and
contracts.
z Describe the special advantages of working with
scheduling agreements.
z Create source lists and quota arrangements and
execute the process of automatic source
determination.
At the conclusion of this course, you will be able to:
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-5 
 SAP AG 2002
z Use the optimized purchasing functions
z Demonstrate the release (approval) procedure for
requisitions and external purchasing documents
Purchasing Details and Optimization:
Course Objectives (2)
At the conclusion of this course, you will be able to:
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-6 
 SAP AG 2002
Purchasing Details and Optimization:
Course Content
Unit 1 Master Data for Purchasing
Unit 2 Sources of Supply 1: Info
Records
Unit 3 Sources of Supply 2: Outline
Purchase Agreements
Unit 4 Source Determination
Unit 5 Optimized Purchasing
Unit 6 Document Release
(Approval) Procedure
 
 
 
„ This Consultant Training contains different courses each discussing a specific topic. 
„ Each single course is divided into different units. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-7 
 SAP AG 2002
Purchasing Details and Optimization: Course
Overview Diagram
Master Data for
Purchasing
Sources of Supply 1:
Info Records
Sources of Supply 2:
Outline Purchase Agreements
12
9
6
3
11 1
7 5
8 4
210
Source Determination
Optimized Purchasing
 Document Release
 (Approval) Procedure Purchasing
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 8-8 
 SAP AG 2002
z Your organization would like to generate purchase
orders and other external purchasing documents
from requisitions with as much system support as
possible. You’d want to optimize your purchasing
processes.
z This includes starting with a requisition,
determining and assigning sources, generating
purchase orders, contracts or scheduling
agreements, approving the documents (if
necessary) and evaluating your vendors.
Main Business Scenario
 
 
 
 
©SAP AG TSCM50 8-9 
 SAP AG 2002
PReq.
Material
Quantity
Deliv. date
(Source)
Materials
 planning
User dept.
Conversion
Approval of
requisition
Pur. order
Vendor
Material
Quantity
Delivery date
Price
Source of supply
Info
record
Contract
item
Scheduling
agmt. item
Automatic
source
determin-
ation
Source list
Quota
 arrangement
Vendor
evaluation
Pur. orderTransmission
to vendor
Approval of
purchase order
 
Optimized Purchasing
 
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-1 
 SAP AG 1999
Master Data for Purchasing
z Material Master Records
z Vendor Master Records
Contents:
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-2 
 SAP AG 2002
Master Data for Purchasing: Unit Objectives
z Explain that material master records contain
default values that simplify purchasing
processes.
z Recognize that material and vendor master
records contain important control parameters
for optimized purchasing.
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-3 
 SAP AG 2002
Master Data for Purchasing: Overview Diagram
Master Data for
Purchasing
Sources of Supply 1:
Info Records
Sources of Supply 2:
Outline Purchase Agreements
12
9
6
3
11 1
7 5
8 4
210
Source Determination
Optimized Purchasing
 Document Release
 (Approval) Procedure Purchasing
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-4 
 SAP AG 2002
Master Data for Purchasing: Business Scenario
z In order to streamline your purchasing operations
and permit the use of optimization functions, you
decide to create master records for your most
frequently used vendors and materials. You also
want to do this for those materials you do not
stock, or cannot keep in stock, as well as simple
services.
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-5 
 SAP AG 2002
Optimized purchasing
MaterialMaterial
Plant
Purchasing data
Order unit
Tolerances
Reminder levels
...
Purchasing group
PO text
...
Info rec. Pur. order
Automatic PO
Source list require-
ment
Quota arrangement
usage
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Purchasing Data in the Material Master Record
 
 
 
„ Material master records contain descriptions of all the articles and parts that an enterprise procures, 
manufactures or stores. To the enterprise, the material master record represents the central source of 
information on a specific material. It is used by all components of SAP Logistics. 
„ All the information necessary for the administration of a material is stored in its master record. Since 
different user departments of an enterprise work with a material, and each one needs to store 
different information relating to it, the material master record contains separate data blocks for each 
department. Each department has its own view of a material master record and is responsible for the 
correctness of the data within its block. 
„ From the Purchasing view, a material master record has the organizational levels client and plant. At 
client level, you can specify the purchase order unit, under- and over-delivery tolerances, and 
reminder levels. 
„ The Source list requirement, Quota arrangement usage, and Automatic PO allowed indicators are set 
at plant level. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-6 
 SAP AG 2002
Material
Material
Material type: NLAG
Basic data
Purchasing
Materials planning
Sales/distribution
Material type: DIEN
Basic data
Purchasing
Materials planning
Sales/distribution
Accounting
Optimized
purchasing
Optimized
purchasing
Master Record for Consumable Material
 
 
 
„ When you create a material master record, you must assign the material to a material type. The 
material type defines certain attributes of the material and has important control functions. 
„ For example, the material type defines the procurement type for a material. The procurement type 
indicates whether the material is produced in-house, procured externally, or both. 
„ Together with the plant, the material type determines the inventory management requirement for a 
material. It determines: 
y Whether changes in quantities are updated in the material master record. 
y Whether changes in the value of the material are also updated in the stock accounts of Financial 
Accounting. 
„ Furthermore, the material type determines which accounts are to be posted when a material enters or 
leaves the warehouse or store. 
„ The standard material types NLAG and DIEN are available for materials that cannot be stored (kept 
in stock) and for simple services, as follows: 
y NLAG: Non-stock material is material that is not stored but is used or consumed immediately. 
„ DIEN: Services are procured externally. Since they obviously cannot be stored, they are also 
regarded as being consumed immediately. A material master record belonging to this material type 
can contain purchasing data. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-7 
 SAP AG 2002
Optimized purchasing
Purchasing data
PO currency
Terms of payment
Incoterms
...
Automatic PO
...
Info rec. Pur. order
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Purchasing
organization
Vendor
Purchasing Data in the Vendor Master Record
 
 
 
„ Vendor master records contain information on the vendors (external suppliers) of an enterprise. 
„ From the Purchasing view, a vendor master record has the organizational levels client and 
purchasing organization. Control parameters for purchasing operations are defined at the purchasing 
organization level. 
„ Accounting data in the vendor master record is defined at the company code level. 
„ Data that applies to a purchasing organization can be maintained differently for a specific plant. Such 
data includes the Automatic PO allowed indicator. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 9-8 
 SAP AG 2002
Master Data for Purchasing: Summary
You are now able to:
z Explain that material master records contain
default values that simplify purchasing
processes.
z Recognize that material and vendor master
records contain important control parameters for
optimized purchasing.
 
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-1 
 SAP AG 2002
Sources of Supply 1: Info Records
z Purchasing Information Records
Contents:
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-2 
 SAP AG 2002
z Create and illustrate the uses of info records
with and without material master records
z Create and illustrate the uses of cross-plant
and plant-specific info records
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:
Sources of Supply 1: Info Records: Unit Objectives
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-3 
 SAP AG 2002
Sources of Supply 1: Info Records: Overview
Diagram
Master Data for
Purchasing
Sources of Supply 1:
Info Records
Sources of Supply 2:
Outline Purchase Agreements
12
9
6
3
11 1
7 5
8 4
210
Source Determination
Optimized Purchasing
 Document Release
 (Approval) Procedure Purchasing
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-4 
 SAP AG 2002
Sources of Supply 1: Business Scenario
z You want to optimize your work processes in
purchasing and want to create the necessary
prerequisites in the system.
z You also need a place to store prices and other
purchasing information that you will use repeatedly
when buying certain items from a vendor.
 
 
 
„ Use info records or contracts to satisfy the above requirements. You create central contracts for 
agreements that are valid for more than one plant. You can create contract items for material groups 
for contracts covering all materials that belong to a particular material group. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-5 
 SAP AG 2002Vendor
Material
Purch. org.
(Plant)
Info record
Price
...
Vendor
Outline agreement item
Contract Sched. agmt.
Vendor
Purch. org.
Validity period
Vendor
Purch. org.
Validity period
Item10 :
Item20 :
Material
Quantity
Price
...
Item10 :
Item20 :
Material
Quantity
Price
...
 Source
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Sources of Supply: Overview
 
 
 
„ In MM Purchasing, the term source of supply (or source) can mean a vendor (external supplier) or 
an outline purchase agreement. 
„ An info record (short for purchasing information record) provides information for Purchasing. It 
contains data on a certain material and the vendor (supplier) of that material. For example, the 
vendor’s current price for the material is stored in an info record. 
„ An outline purchase agreement is a longer-term arrangement with a vendor regarding the supply of 
materials or performance of services according to predefined terms and conditions. The latter apply 
for a prearranged period and a predefined total purchase quantity or value. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-6 
 SAP AG 1999
Piece
 %
 Conditions
 UNI
Piece
 %
 Conditions
 UNI
General conditions
Vendor
Condition group
Material type
Incoterms
Invoicing party
Price 1 Price 2
01.01. 12.31.
PricesPrices Discounts/SurchargesDiscounts/Surcharges
Surcharge 5%
 from 100 pcs 3%
 from 500 pcs 1%
ConditionsConditions
Info record
07.01.
UNIFF
$
Conditions
Outline
agreement
 
 
 
„ Conditions are stipulations agreed with vendors concerning prices, discounts and surcharges, and so 
on. The effective net price in purchase orders is determined on the basis of these conditions. 
„ You can maintain conditions when you create quotations, info records, outline agreements, and 
purchase orders. 
„ Conditions in info records, contracts, and extended conditions, are time-dependent conditions. 
Conditions in purchase orders are time-independent conditions. 
„ Time-dependent conditions are also available for quotations and scheduling agreements if you set the 
time-dependent conditions indicator for the document type in Customizing. 
„ Extended conditions provide you with the option of specifying time-dependent conditions 
independently of outline agreements and info records. 
„ Time-dependent conditions can be restricted to a certain period of validity. 
„ If, for example, a vendor's prices vary according to quantity, you can enter the pricing data in the 
form of a price/quantity scale. 
„ You can enter conditions in the document header or in the item details. Item conditions apply to one 
item only. Header conditions apply to all the items in the document. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-7 
 SAP AG 2002
Vendor
Material
Purch. org.
Info record
10.00Price
PO text
...
A
1
1000
Vendor
Material
Purch. org.
Plant
Info record
9.00Price
PO text
...
A
1
1000
3000
Vendor
Purch. org.
Plant
Material
Pur. order
10.00Price
A
1000
1000
1
Vendor
Purch. org.
Plant
Material
Pur. order
9.00Price
A
1000
3000
1
Material
Purchasing
data
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Pc.
 %
 Conditions
 $
Pur. order
1
2
Pur. order
Purchasing Info Record
 
 
 
„ A purchasing info record serves as a source of information for Purchasing. It contains data on a 
certain material and the vendor (external supplier) of that material. For example, the vendor’s current 
price is stored in the info record. 
„ Data from the info record is used as default data in documents such as purchase orders. 
„ Purchasing info records enable the buyer to determine: 
y Which materials a certain vendor has offered or supplied to date. 
y Which vendors can offer or supply a certain material. 
„ A purchasing info record can be valid for all the plants covered by a purchasing organization or for a 
single plant within a purchasing organization. 
„ Info records can be created manually or automatically during the maintenance of a quotation, a 
purchase order or an outline purchase agreement. Ordering data is updated automatically in the info 
record. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-8 
 SAP AG 2002
Material group 
Short text 
Sort string 
Price
PO text
OFFICE
Note pad, white
Pad
2.50
Note pad, size A4,
recycling paper
white, 50-leaf
:
:
:
:
:
Vendor
Purch. org.
(Plant)
Info record
standardInfo cat.:
A
1000
Optimized
purchasing
Info Record Without Material Master Record
 
 
 
„ There are two types of info records: 
y Info record with material master record (for example, stock material): 
This represents the relationship between a material or service (with a material master record) and a 
vendor. 
y Info record without material master record (for example, material for direct consumption): 
This represents the relationship between a material or service (without a material master record) 
and a vendor. 
„ For an info record with reference to a material master record, you can specify the following for each 
purchasing organization: 
y Whether only the info record PO text is to be displayed and printed in purchasing documents (to 
do so, set the No MText indicator in the purchasing organization data of the info record). 
y Whether the info record PO text and the purchase order text from the material master record are to 
be displayed and printed in purchasing documents. If the No MText indicator is not set, both texts 
are displayed and printed out. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-9 
 SAP AG 2002
You are now able to:
z Create and illustrate the uses of info records with
and without material master records
z Create and illustrate the uses of cross-plant and
plant-specific info records
Source of Supply 1: Info Records: Unit Summary
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-10 
Exercise Data Sheet 
Key to Icons in Exercises and Solutions 
 Exercises 
 Solutions 
 Objectives 
 
Business Scenario 
 Hints and Tips 
 Warning or Caution 
 
Data Used in Exercises 
Type of Data Data in Training System 
Company Code 1000 (IDES AG 1000) 
Purchasing Organization 1000 (IDES Deutschland) 
Plants 1000 (Werk Hamburg) 
1100 (Berlin) 
1300 (Frankfurt) 
Storage location 0001 (Materiallager) 
Purchasing Group Z## (##-LO520) 
Materials T-REA## T-REB## 
T-REC## T-RED## 
T-REE## PK-080 
Create: 
T-ZN1## T-REZ## 
T-REE##-A T-REE##-B 
Material Group ZT## (Office Supp LO520) 
008 (Packaging) 
010 (Consumables) 
LO520 (Material Group 
LO520) 
007 (Services) 
001 (Metal processing) 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-11 
Vendors T-L20A## T-L20B## 
T-L20C## T-L20D## 
T-L20E## T-L20F## 
G/L account 400000 
Cost center T-L20 
Currency UNI 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-12 
Sources of Supply 1 Exercises 
 
 
Unit: Sources of Supply 1 
Topic: Info Records 
 
At the conclusion of this exercise, you will be able to: 
• Create and illustrate the use of info records with and without 
material master record 
• Create and illustrate the uses of cross-plant and plant-specific 
info records 
 
 
You wish to optimize your work processes in purchasing and 
want to create the necessary prerequisites in the system. You also 
need a place to store prices and other purchasing information that 
you will use repeatedly when buying a certain item from a 
particular vendor. 
1-1 Your company procures non-stock materials as well as raw materials used in the 
production process. 
1-1-1 Create a new material master record for a non-stock material with the 
following data: 
Material number: T-ZN1## 
Industry sector:Mechanical Engineering 
Material type: Non-stock material (NLAG) 
Views: Purchasing, Purchase order text 
Plant: 1000 
Material short text: Photocopying paper 5x500, size DIN A4 
Base unit of measure: Carton 
Purchasing group: Z## 
Material group: ZT## 
Purchase order text: Photocopying paper, 
 White, suitable for laser and inkjet printers 
1-1-2 Add the material master record task that you used in the preceding exercise 
to your Favorites. 
1-2 Now create an info record relating to your new material T-ZN1## and vendor T-
L20E## for purchasing organization 1000. 
1-2-1 Create the info record with the following information: 
• The planned delivery time is 7 days 
• Purchasing group Z## is responsible for procurement 
• 20 cartons are usually ordered each time at a price of 30/carton 
1-2-2 Add the task from the above exercise into your Favorites. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-13 
1-3 Your firm buys other office supplies that are assigned to material group ZT##. 
However, no material master records are to be created. Descriptive information on 
these office supplies is to be stored in an info record for vendor T-L20E##. 
1-3-1 Create an info record without a material master record using the following 
data: 
Vendor: T-L20E## 
Purchasing organization: 1000 
Short text: Mechan. pencils 0.5 - 1.00 mm 
Material group: ZT## 
Order unit: Carton 
Sort string: Pencil## 
Planned delivery time: 7 days 
Purchasing group: Z## 
Standard quantity: 5 cartons 
Price per 1 carton: 60 
Price from 10 cartons upwards: 55 
1-4 Vendor T-L20A## supplies you with material T-REA##, for which a material 
master record exists. Create the info record for purchasing organization 1000 with 
the following data: 
 
Planned delivery time: 10 days 
Purchasing group: Z## 
Standard quantity: 100 
Price per pc.: 20 
Freight per pc.: 1 (condition type FRC1) 
1-5 Material T-REA## is supplied freight prepaid by vendor T-L20A## when ordered 
for plant 1000. 
1-5-1 Create an info record for purchasing organization 1000, plant 1000 with the 
following data: 
 
Planned delivery time: 7 days 
Purchasing group: Z## 
Standard quantity: 100 
Price: 20 
PO text: Rocker bearing, 
 With official test certification, 
 Individually packed, 
 Freight prepaid 
 
Ensure that the PO text from the info record is used in purchase orders and 
other purchasing documents instead of the PO text from the material master 
record. 
1-5-2 How do you ensure this? 
______________________________________________________ 
1-6 Now create a purchase order with two items: 
 
Vendor: T-L20E## 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-14 
Purchasing organization: 1000 (IDES Deutschland) 
Purchasing group: Z## (##-LO520) 
 
1-6-1 First item: Order 20 cartons of your non-stock material T-ZN1## for plant 
1000, to be delivered in 4 weeks time. Using account assignment category 
K, enter G/L account 400000 and cost center T-L20. 
1-6-2 Do you have to enter an order price? 
______________________________________________________ 
1-6-3 Second item: Order 10 cartons of mechanical pencils 0.5 mm for plant 
1000, to be delivered in 4 weeks time, assigned to G/L account 400000 and 
cost center T-L20. There is no master record for this material, so assign the 
item to material group ZT##. Select your info record without a material 
master record from the Info rec. field. 
1-6-4 How do you find the info record? 
______________________________________________________ 
1-6-5 What order price does the system suggest? 
______________________________________________________ 
 Purchase order number:______________________________ 
 
1-6-6 Add the task for creating purchase orders to your Favorites. 
1-7 Create another purchase order with two items: 
Vendor: T-L20A## 
Purchasing organization: 1000 (IDES Deutschland) 
Purchasing group: Z## (##-LO520) 
 
1-7-1 First item: Order 100 pc of material T-REA## for plant 1000, to be 
delivered in 4 weeks time. 
1-7-2 What actual price is 
calculated?_____________________________________________ 
1-7-3 Check the PO text for this item. Which text was adopted? 
______________________________________________________ 
1-7-4 Second item: Order 100 pc of material T-REA## for plant 1100, to be 
delivered in 4 weeks time. 
1-7-5 Which actual price is 
suggested?_____________________________________________ 
1-7-6 Check the PO text for this item. Which text was adopted? 
 
______________________________________________________ 
 Purchase order number: __________________________________ 
1-8 Change your user master record parameter IDs to default purchasing organization 
1000 (IDES Deutschland) and purchasing group Z## (##-LO520). 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-15 
Sources of Supply 1 Solutions 
 
 
Unit: Sources of Supply 1 
Topic: Info Records 
1-1 
1-1-1 SAP menu → Logistics → Materials Management → Material Master 
→ Material → Create (General) → Immediately 
1-1-1 Favorites → Add 
1-2 
1-2-1 SAP menu → Logistics → Materials 
Management → Purchasing → Master Data → Info Record → Create 
After completing the initial screen, choose Enter. 
Choose Purch org data 1 and enter the remaining data. 
1-2-2 Favorites → Add 
1-3 Favorites → Purchasing → Master Data → Info Record → Create 
After completing the initial screen, choose Enter. 
Enter the short text, material group, order unit and sort string on the General 
datascreen. 
Choose Purch org data 1 and enter the remaining data. 
To enter the price for 10 cartons and above, first enter 60 in Net price, then choose 
Conditions. From there, select the condition type PB00 and choose Scales. 
1-4 Favorites → Purchasing → Master Data → Info Record → Create 
After completing the initial screen, choose Enter, then choose Purch org data 1. 
To enter the freight condition, first enter 20 in Net price, then choose Conditions. 
1-5 
1-5-1 Favorites → Purchasing → Master Data → Info Record → Create 
After completing the initial screen, choose Enter, then select Purch org data 
1To enter the text, choose Text and change the text that defaults. 
Since this vendor ships freight prepaid, make sure there is no freight 
condition entered. Select Conditions if you need to remove it. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 10-16 
1-5-2 Select No mat. txt on the Purch org data 1 screen. 
1-6 
1-6-1 SAP menu → Logistics → Materials Management → Purchasing → 
Purchase Order → Create → Vendor/Supplying Plant Known 
1-6-2 You do not have to enter an order price because the 30 UNI price defaults 
from the info record. 
1-6-3 Since there is no material master, leave Material blank and enter the short 
text. 
1-6-4 Choose Possible entries from the Info rec field and choose Info Records 
per Material Group. 
1-6-5 The order price of 55 is suggested from the info record for ordering 10 or 
more. 
1-6-6 Favorites → Add 
1-7 
1-7-1 Favorites → Purchasing → Purchase Order → Create → 
Vendor/Supplying Plant Known 
1-7-2 To see the actual price, select your line item, then choose the Conditions 
tab. An actual price of 20 UNI is suggested. 
1-7-3 Choose the Texts tab in the item details screen area. The text from the info 
record should appear. 
1-7-4 The actual price of 21 UNI is suggested. To see this, select the item, then 
choose the Conditions tab. 
1-7-5 Choose the Texts tab in the item details screen area. The text from the 
material master PO text view should appear. 
1-8 System → User profile → Own data 
Choose the Parameters tab 
Enter EKO (Purchasing organization) and a value of 1000 
Enter EKG (Purchasing group) and a value of Z##. Use an upper case Z. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-1 
 SAP AG 2002
z Contracts
z Scheduling Agreements
Contents:
Sources of Supply 2: Outline Purchase Agreements© SAP AG TSCM50 11-2 
 SAP AG 2002
z Recognize the different types of contracts
z Explain the use of item categories M and W in
contracts
z Create a centrally agreed contract
z Create release orders for different types of contracts
z List the advantages of using scheduling agreements
z Explain the various types of scheduling agreements
z Create scheduling agreements, standard delivery
schedules
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to:
Sources of Supply 2: Outline Purchase
Agreements: Unit Objectives
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-3 
 SAP AG 2002
Sources of Supply 2: Outline Purchase Agreements:
Overview Diagram
Master Data for
Purchasing
Sources of Supply 1:
Info Records
Sources of Supply 2:
Outline Purchase Agreements
12
9
6
3
11 1
7 5
8 4
210
Source Determination
Optimized Purchasing
 Document Release
 (Approval) Procedure Purchasing
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-4 
 SAP AG 2002
z You wish to use scheduling agreements to procure
certain materials that are to be delivered on a just-
in-time basis.
Sources of Supply 2: Outline Purchase
Agreements: Business Scenario
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-5 
 SAP AG 2002
JIT
 sched.
FRC
sched.
Contract
release
order
Quantity
Delivery date
Quantity contract
Value contract
Centr.-agr. contract
Distributed contract
Contract
Validity period
Material
Total quantity/
total value
Conditions
Scheduling agmt.
Scheduling agmt.
with release docu.
Delivery
schedule
Quantity
Deliv. date
Sch. agmt.
Validity period
Material
Total quantity
Conditions
Outline Purchase Agreements: Overview
 
 
 
„ In the SAP R/3 System, an outline agreement is a longer-term purchase arrangement made with a 
vendor concerning the supply of materials or the performance of services according to predetermined 
conditions. These are valid for a certain period of time and cover a predefined total purchase quantity 
or value. 
„ Specific dates or quantities for individual deliveries are not set out in the outline agreement. This 
information is provided separately in release orders or rolling delivery schedules (comprising a 
number of individual schedule lines), depending on the type of agreement. 
„ An outline agreement can be a contract or a scheduling agreement. 
„ There are two types of contracts: 
y Quantity contract: This type of contract is regarded as fulfilled when the agreed total quantity has 
been supplied on the basis of individual release orders issued against the contract. 
y Value contract: This type of contract is regarded as fulfilled when the agreed total value has been 
supplied on the basis of individual release orders issued against the contract. 
„ The items of a contract can relate to a single plant or all the plants covered by a purchasing 
organization (centrally agreed contract). 
„ Distributed contracts are centrally agreed contracts that are made available to other SAP R/3 systems 
for the purpose of issuing release orders against them. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-6 
 SAP AG 2002
Standard item
Consignment item
Material unknown
Material group
External service item
Item/item category
Statistics
zCost center
zProject
zOrder
zAsset
zUnknown
Single/multiple 
account assgt.
W/o material
With material opt.
mand.
Vendor
One-time
vendor
Contract
requisition
Reference
contract
 RFQ
Purchase
requisition
Contract
release orderContract
Contracts: General
 
 
 
„ Contracts can be created with or without reference to an outline agreement requisition, an RFQ or 
another contract. 
„ Contract release orders can be created with or without reference to a purchase requisition. 
„ The release order documentation comprises details of ordering activities relating to a contract. The 
system supplies the following data on each release order: 
y Number of the contract release order 
y Order date 
y Order quantity 
y Order value 
y Quantity released to date 
y Target quantity 
y Open target quantity 
„ Note that in addition to describing a method of ordering against a longer-term purchase agreement 
(as above), the term release is also used in MM within the context of document approval. 
„ You can list all contracts that are due to expire in the immediate future. The analysis is carried out 
using the Target value and Total value released fields in the contract header, based on a suitable 
selection parameter. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-7 
 SAP AG 2002
Item category M =
material unknown
Item category W =
material group
Contract
ICat Mat. Short text
Mat. group Qty. Price
M Notepads
Office 1000 pcs. 2.50
Contract
ICat Mat. Short text
Mat. group Qty. Price
W Office materials
Office
Contract release order
AACat Mat. Short text Price
K
B100
Notepad ruled
Notepad unruled
2.50
2.50
Contract release order
AACat Mat. Short text Price
K
B900
Calendar
Ball-point pens
9.80
0.50
Mai
Item Categories M and W
 
 
 
„ In contracts, you can use the special item categories M (material unknown) and W (material group). 
„ Item category M is recommended for similar materials with the same price but different material 
numbers. When you create the contract item, you enter the short text, material group, quantity, and 
unit of measure, but no material number. This is not specified until a release order for such a material 
is created against the contract. 
„ Item category W is recommended for materials belonging to the same material group but with 
different prices. When you create the contract item, you enter the short text and the material group, 
but no price. This and the material number are not entered until a release order is created against the 
contract. 
„ Item category W can be used only in value contracts. 
„ You can enter a material number in the contract release order. The corresponding material master 
record must be assigned to the same material group as the contract item that is referenced. If the 
contract release order does not contain a material number, it must have a valid account assignment 
(such as a cost center). 
„ The item categories M and W are not allowed in contract release orders and must be cancelled if a 
release order referencing such a contract item is created. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-8 
 SAP AG 1999
Plant 1000
Plant 2000
Plant 3000
Contract 2
Item Mat. Plant
10 2 3000
Contract 1
Item Mat. Plant
10 1
Plant Contract/Centrally Agreed Contract
 
 
 
„ Contract items can relate to a single plant or to all plants covered by a purchasing organization 
(centrally agreed contract). 
„ All the plants of a purchasing organization can order against a centrally agreed contract. 
„ An enterprise working with a central purchasing organization covering several plants can negotiate 
better conditions at a high level. 
„ Centrally agreed contracts can be entered into with a vendor’s entire corporate group. The individual 
contract release orders can be issued to different individual companies belonging to the vendor 
corporate group. This is made possible by the partner functionality. 
„ You can stipulate that certain plants are to be supplied by certain companies belonging to the vendor 
corporate group. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-9 
 SAP AG 1999
Plant conditionsPlant conditions
Plant 1000: surcharge 5%Plant 1000: surcharge 5%
Plant 2000: surcharge 3%Plant 2000: surcharge 3%
Plant 5000: surcharge 3%Plant 5000: surcharge 3%
Release
order
Vendor
Material
Plant
Qty.
Price
: A
: 1
: 1000
: 100 pcs.
: 105.00
Contract
Vendor
Period
Material
Total qty.
Price
: A
: 01.01.-
 12.31.
: 1
: 10,000 pcs.
: 100.00
Plant Conditions in CentrallyAgreed Contracts
 
 
 
„ Items of a centrally agreed contract do not relate to just one specific receiving plant. 
„ All the plants covered by a purchasing organization can order against a centrally agreed contract. 
„ An enterprise that works with a central purchasing organization covering several plants can negotiate 
better conditions at a high level. 
„ Using the Plant conditions function, the centrally agreed contract allows you to stipulate separate 
prices and conditions for each receiving plant. Among other things, you can take account of differing 
transport costs for different supply routes. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-10 
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Working with Scheduling Agreements
Cost center
Project
Order
Asset
Single/multiple
account assgt.
Delivery
schedule
Vendor
One-time
vendor
RFQ
Purchase
requisition
Sch. agmt.
requisition
Central
contract
(4.0)
Reference
sch. agmt.
Standard item
Consignment item
Subcontracting item
Third-party item
Text item
Stock transfer item
Item/item category
W/o material
With material Opt.
Mand.
Statistics
Sched. agmt.
 
 
 
„ A scheduling agreement is a longer-term purchase arrangement with a vendor covering the supply of 
materials according to predetermined conditions. These apply for a predefined period and a 
predefined total purchase quantity. 
„ Scheduling agreements can be created with or without reference to an outline agreement requisition, 
an RFQ or another scheduling agreement. 
„ You can create scheduling agreements with reference to a centrally agreed contract, thus taking 
advantage of prices negotiated centrally. 
„ Neither the item categories M and W nor the account assignment category U (account assignment 
unknown) are allowed in scheduling agreements. 
„ Details of delivery dates and quantities are communicated to the vendor in the form of delivery 
schedules. 
„ Delivery schedule lines can be created with or without reference to a purchase requisition. Schedule 
lines can also be generated automatically using the MRP system. 
„ Such delivery schedules or schedule lines do not constitute separate documents, but form part of the 
scheduling agreement. Procurement using scheduling agreements helps to reduce the volume of 
documents in use. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-11 
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MRP
Control data for planning run:
Delivery schedule lines = three
Purchasing
 
Source list
Material 1
Plant 1000
Vendor A
Sched. agmt.
no. 36
MRP ind. 2
Delivery
schedule
Prerequisites Requirements planning
Material
requirements planning
Planning file entry
Automatic Generation of Schedule Lines
 
 
 
„ A particular advantage of working with scheduling agreements is that delivery schedule lines can be 
generated by the MRP system automatically, provided that certain prerequisites are fulfilled: 
y The scheduling agreement must be uniquely defined as the source of supply. 
y Automatically generated schedule lines must be allowed by the source list (MRP indicator two). 
y Automatically generated schedule lines must be allowed in the MRP system. 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-12 
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Firm zone (zone 1): 7 days
Trade-off zone (zone 2): 14 days
Today +7 days +14 days
Sched. line 1 (1)
Sched. line 2 (1)
Sched. line 3 (2)
Sched. line 4 ( )
Firm zone
Trade-off zone
Firm and Trade-Off Zones
 
 
 
„ Firm and trade-off zones define the degree to which schedule lines are to be regarded as binding. 
„ Scheduled delivery dates that lie in the near future can represent a firmer commitment than those that 
are further away in time. 
„ You can define a firm zone and a trade-off zone for an item of a scheduling agreement: 
y The firm zone defines the point in time (calculated from the current date) at which the period when 
the vendor has the go-ahead for production ends. The firm zone begins on the current (today’s) 
date. Delivery schedule lines falling within this zone count as firm and fully binding. 
y The trade-off zone defines the point in time (calculated from the current date) at which the period 
when the vendor has the go-ahead for the purchase of input materials ends. The trade-off zone 
begins at the end of the firm zone. Delivery schedule lines falling within this zone count as semi-
firm. 
„ Delivery schedule lines lying beyond the firm and trade-off zones fall within the planning zone. 
„ The firm and trade-off zones are printed out in the delivery schedule for information purposes. It is 
assumed that procurement with respect to each delivery schedule line is carried out on the terms 
applicable to the zone in which the line in question falls. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-13 
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11
22
33
Sched.
agmt.
JIT delivery schedule
Delivery schedule
Scheduling agreement
Agreement type LP
Scheduling agreement with release documentation 
Agreement type LPA
Sched.
agmt.
Sched.
agmt.
Scheduling agreement with release documentation
Agreement type LPA
Delivery schedule
Forecast del. schedule
Delivery schedule
Forecast del. schedule
Release documentation
Release documentation
Release documentation
( Rel. 3.0D )
( Rel. 4.0A )
Types of Scheduling Agreement
 
 
 
„ When using scheduling agreements for procurement purposes, you can work with or without release 
documentation. Working with release documentation has the advantage in that at any time you can 
see when you sent specific scheduling information to your vendor. 
„ If you work with scheduling agreements without release documentation, the current schedule lines 
are transmitted to the vendor automatically after creation using the message output control program. 
„ If you use scheduling agreements with release documentation, the delivery schedule lines are not 
transmitted to the vendor automatically as soon as they are created. Instead, you initially record 
schedule lines that are final in character in a scheduling agreement release. Transmission of 
scheduling data can take place only after you have created such a release. 
„ There are two kinds of scheduling agreement release: 
y Forecast (FRC) delivery schedules are used to give the vendor a medium-term overview of your 
requirements. 
y Just-in-time (JIT) delivery schedules are used to inform your vendor of your requirements in the 
near future. Such schedules may comprise a daily or even hourly breakdown of your requirements 
over the next few days or weeks. 
„ Whether you create a scheduling agreement with or without release documentation is determined 
using the release documentation indicator for the document type. 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-14 
 SAP AG 2002
You are now able to:
Sources of Supply 2: Outline Purchase
Agreements: Unit Summary
z List the advantages of using scheduling
agreements
z Explain the various types of scheduling
agreements
z Create scheduling agreements, standard delivery
schedules
 
 
 
 
© SAP AG TSCM50 11-15 
Sources of Supply 2 Exercises 
 
 
Unit: Sources of Supply 2 
Topic: Contracts 
 
At the conclusion of this exercise, you will be able to: 
• Recognize the different types of contracts 
• Explain the uses of item categories M and W in contracts 
• Create a centrally agreed contract 
• Create release orders for different types of contracts 
 
You wish to optimize your work processes in purchasing and 
want to create the necessary prerequisites in the system. You also 
need a place to store prices and other purchasing information that 
you will use repeatedly when buying a certain item from a 
particular vendor. 
1-1 You have entered into a contractual agreement with vendor T-L20B## regarding 
the purchase of material T-REB##. 
As purchasing group Z##, you have agreed to purchase