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Aula 01 Direito Civil p/ TRF 2ª Região (Analista Judiciário - Área Judiciária e Oficial) - Com videoaulas Professor: Aline Santiago Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 1 de 89 AULA 01: Das pessoas: Pessoas Naturais. Domicílio. 2Oi�DPLJRV�FRQFXUVHLURV� 6H� QyV� HVWDPRV� WHQGR� HVWH� VHJXQGR� FRQWDWR� p� VLQDO� TXH� D� VXD� FRQILDQoD�HP�QRVVR�WUDEDOKR�IRL�GHSRVLWDGD�H��SRUWDQWR��HVSHUDPRV�SRGHU� FRUUHVSRQGHU�GD�PHOKRU�IRUPD�SRVVtYHO� 3ULPHLUDPHQWH�JRVWDUtDPRV�GH�SHGLU�TXH�YRFr�QmR�VH�DVVXVWH�FRP� R�Q~PHUR�GH�SiJLQDV�GHVWD�DXOD�-��QmR�VH�WUDWD�GH�XPD�DXOD�WHyULFD� PXLWR� ORQJD�� PDV� LQFOXtPRV� PXLWDV� TXHVW}HV� H� GHWDOKDPRV� DV� H[SOLFDo}HV��WUDQVFUHYHQGR�RV�DUWLJRV�SDUD�IDFLOLWDU�D�VXD�YLGD�� 1HVWD� DXOD� ��� YDPRV� DSUHQGHU� D� UHVSHLWR� GDV� SHVVRDV� QDWXUDLV�� SRQWR� PXLWR� LPSRUWDQWH� GH� QRVVR� HVWXGR�� WHQGR� HP� YLVWD� TXH� R� RUGHQDPHQWR�MXUtGLFR��DV�UHODo}HV�SULYDGDV�H��SRU�FRQVHTXrQFLD��WDPEpP�R� &yGLJR�&LYLO��³JLUDP´�HP�WRUQR�GDV�SHVVRDV� &RPR�HVWDV�SHVVRDV�SRVVXHP�GLUHLWRV�H�REULJDo}HV��R�RUGHQDPHQWR� MXUtGLFR� SURFXUD� QRUPDWL]DU�� UHJXODPHQWDU�� GDU� RUGHP�� HQILP�� EXVFD� RUJDQL]DU�D�VRFLHGDGH��2UJDQL]DU��SDUWLFXODUPHQWH��D�YLGD�GH�FDGD�LQGLYtGXR� H�FRQVHTXHQWHPHQWH�D�SUySULD�VRFLHGDGH� 2%6(59$d2� ,03257$17(�� HVWH� FXUVR� p� SURWHJLGR� SRU� GLUHLWRV� DXWRUDLV��FRS\ULJKW���QRV�WHUPRV�GD�/HL�����������TXH�DOWHUD��DWXDOL]D�H� FRQVROLGD�D�OHJLVODomR�VREUH�GLUHLWRV�DXWRUDLV�H�Gi�RXWUDV�SURYLGrQFLDV� *UXSRV�GH�UDWHLR�H�SLUDWDULD�VmR�FODQGHVWLQRV��YLRODP�D�OHL�H�SUHMXGLFDP�RV� SURIHVVRUHV� TXH� HODERUDP� RV� FXUVRV�� 9DORUL]H� R� WUDEDOKR� GH� QRVVD� HTXLSH� DGTXLULQGR� RV� FXUVRV� KRQHVWDPHQWH� DWUDYpV� GR� VLWH� (VWUDWpJLD�&RQFXUVRV���� Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 2 de 89 680È5,2 Sumário Sumário ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Pessoas Naturais ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Pessoas Naturais: Início de sua existência e personalidade. .................................................................. 3 Capacidade .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Incapacidade ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Cessação da incapacidade..................................................................................................................... 12 Extinção da personalidade natural. ...................................................................................................... 16 Individualização da pessoa natural: ...................................................................................................... 18 Nome, Estado e domicílio. .................................................................................................................... 18 Direitos da Personalidade ..................................................................................................................... 25 Da ameaça ou lesão a direito da personalidade. .............................................................................. 27 Da disposição do Corpo em vida e para depois da morte. ............................................................... 28 Do constrangimento a tratamento médico ou intervenção cirúrgica. ............................................. 30 Proteção ao nome ............................................................................................................................. 32 Da produção intelectual e da imagem das pessoas. ......................................................................... 32 Da intimidade. ................................................................................................................................... 33 QUESTÕES E SEUS RESPECTIVOS COMENTÁRIOS. ................................................................................ 35 LISTA DAS QUESTÕES E GABARITO. ...................................................................................................... 73 Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 3 de 89 Pessoas Naturais e� PXLWR� LPSRUWDQWH� TXH� H[LVWDP� PDQHLUDV� GH� VH� DJLU� H� GH� IRUPDU� UHODo}HV�� LVWR� SDUD� TXH� WXGR� VLJD� XPD� RUGHP�� SRLV�� D� YLGD� VHULD� XP� YHUGDGHLUR�FDRV�VHP�HVWHV�SDUkPHWURV�GH�FRQGXWD� (QWmR��SRGHPRV�SHUFHEHU�TXH�DV�SHVVRDV�VmR�R�FRPHoR�GH�WXGR��(� SDUD� TXH� FRQVLJDP� H[HUFHU� VHXV� GLUHLWRV� H� FXPSULU� FRP� VXDV� REULJDo}HV��H[LVWHP�³UHJUDV´�TXH�YDPRV�HVWXGDU�D�SDUWLU�GH�DJRUD� ³3URIHVVRUHV��PDV�SDUD�R�GLUHLWR�R�TXH�VmR�DV�SHVVRDV"�2�TXH�HX� SUHFLVR�VDEHU"´ 9RFr� SUHFLVD� HQWHQGHU� TXH� HP� QRVVR� HVWXGR� LUHPRV� XWLOL]DU� D� FRQFHLWXDomR� MXUtGLFD�� RQGH� D� SHVVRD� p� R� HQWH� ItVLFR� RX� PRUDO�� VXVFHSWtYHO�GH�GLUHLWRV�H�REULJDo}HV��p�R�VXMHLWR�GD�UHODomR�MXUtGLFD��R� VXMHLWR�GH�GLUHLWR� 4XDQWR�jV�SHVVRDV��GXDV�VmR�VXDV�DV�HVSpFLHV��TXDLV�VHMDP��D� ïSHVVRD� QDWXUDO� �R� VHU� KXPDQR�� H� D� ðSHVVRD� MXUtGLFD� �DJUXSDPHQWR� GH� VHUHV�KXPDQRV�FRP�ILQV�H�LQWHUHVVHV�FRPXQV���1HVWD�DXOD�WUDWDUHPRV�GD� SHVVRD�QDWXUDO��GHL[DQGR�R�DVVXQWR�SHVVRD�MXUtGLFD�SDUD�D�QRVVD�SUy[LPD� DXOD� Pessoas Naturais: Início de sua existência e personalidade. 2�SULPHLUR�FRQFHLWR� IXQGDPHQWDO�GR�GLUHLWR�SULYDGR�p�R�GH�SHVVRD�� &RPR�YLPRV�DFLPD��SHVVRD�QDWXUDO1�p�R�VHU�KXPDQR��R�~QLFR�VHU�YLYR� TXH� SRGH� VHU� WLWXODU� GH� UHODo}HV� MXUtGLFDV�� VXMHLWR� GH� GLUHLWRV� H� REULJDo}HV��(QWUHWDQWR��DSOLFD�VH�WDPEpP�jV�FKDPDGDV�SHVVRDV�MXUtGLFDV� �DVVXQWR�GD�QRVVD�SUy[LPD�DXOD���QR�TXH�FRXEHU��D�SURWHomR�GRV�GLUHLWRV�GD� SHUVRQDOLGDGH��&&�DUW������ $VVLP��ORJR�QR�DUWLJR���GR�&yGLJR�&LYLO�WHPRV�R�VHJXLQWH�� $UW����7RGD�SHVVRD�p�FDSD]�GH�GLUHLWRV�H�GHYHUHV�QD�RUGHP�FLYLO� 4XDQGR� XWLOL]DPRV� D� H[SUHVVmR� ³WRGD� SHVVRD´� TXHUHPRV� GL]HU� KRPHP��PXOKHU��LGRVR��FULDQoD�H�LQGHSHQGHQWH�GH�VXD�FRU��GH�VHX�FUHGR���� 1 Também pode ser encontrada a denominação, para a pessoa natural, de pessoa física. Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 4 de 89 e�R�VXMHLWR�GH�GLUHLWR�H��SRUWDQWR��R�HQWH�GRWDGR�GH�SHUVRQDOLGDGH��FRPR� H[SUHVVR�ORJR�HP�VHJXLGD��QR�DUWLJR���GR�FyGLJR�FLYLO�TXH�GL]� $UW�����$�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�FLYLO�GD�SHVVRD�FRPHoD�GR�QDVFLPHQWR�FRP�YLGD�� PDV�D�OHL�S}H�D�VDOYR��GHVGH�D�FRQFHSomR�RV�GLUHLWRV�GR�QDVFLWXUR� e� LPSRUWDQWH� YRFr� REVHUYDU� TXH� D� SHUVRQDOLGDGH�� TXDOLGDGH� GH� TXHP� p� VXMHLWR� GH� GLUHLWRV�� p� DGTXLULGD� QR� H[DWR� PRPHQWR� GR� QDVFLPHQWR�FRP�YLGD2�H� VH� HQFHUUD� FRP�D�PRUWH� GD�SHVVRD��4XHP�p� SHVVRD�WHP�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�MXUtGLFD� ³2N��PDV�R�TXH�TXHU�GL]HU�H[DWDPHQWH�D�VHJXQGD�SDUWH�GR�DUWLJR"� 4XHP�p�R�QDVFLWXUR"´ 1DVFLWXUR�p�R�IHWR��TXH�HVWi�GHQWUR�GR�YHQWUH�GD�PmH�H�TXH�DLQGD�YDL� QDVFHU�� (OH� QmR� SRVVXL� SHUVRQDOLGDGH� MXUtGLFD� PDWHULDO�� PDV� D� OHL� DVVHJXUD�VHXV�GLUHLWRV�GHVGH�D�FRQFHSomR��2�QDVFLWXUR�SRVVXL�R�TXH� VH�FKDPD�GH�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�MXUtGLFD�IRUPDO� e� XPD� H[SHFWDWLYD� GH� GLUHLWR�� VH� QDVFHU� FRP� YLGD� RV� GLUHLWRV� UHWURDJHP�D�VXD�FRQFHSomR��(PERUD�QmR�WHQKD�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�p�GRWDGR�GD� FKDPDGD�KXPDQLGDGH��WHP�QDWXUH]D�KXPDQD�� $VVLP��D�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�GH�XPD�SHVVRD�H�VXD�FRQVHTXHQWH�FDSDFLGDGH� GH�GLUHLWRV�H�GHYHUHV�FRPHoD�QR�QDVFLPHQWR�FRP�YLGD�H��QHVWH�VHQWLGR�� WHPRV� D� 5HVROXomR� Q�� �� GH� ����� GR� &RQVHOKR� 1DFLRQDO� GH� VD~GH� VREUH� QDVFLPHQWR� FRP� YLGD�� ³H[SXOVmR� RX� H[WUDomR� FRPSOHWD� GR� SURGXWR� GD� FRQFHSomR� TXDQGR�� DSyV� D� VHSDUDomR�� UHVSLUH� H� WHQKD� EDWLPHQWRV� FDUGtDFRV��WHQGR�VLGR�RX�QmR�FRUWDGR�R�FRUGmR��HVWHMD�RX�QmR�GHVSUHQGLGD� D�SODFHQWD �´ 3DUD�R�GLUHLWR�FLYLO�QDVFHU�FRP�YLGD�p�UHVSLUDU�� &RPSURYDGR�TXH�D�FULDQoD�UHVSLURX��QHP�TXH�VHMD� SRU�XP�EUHYH�PRPHQWR��KRXYH�SHUVRQDOLGDGH� (�� LQGHSHQGHQWH� GH� GLVFXVV}HV� GRXWULQiULDV� DFHUFD� GH� TXDQGR� UHDOPHQWH�VH�LQLFLD�D�SHUVRQDOLGDGH��SDUD�ILQV�GH�SURYD�VHJXH�VH�R�TXH�HVWi� GLVSRVWR�QR�DUWLJR� ���D�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�FRPHoD�GR�QDVFLPHQWR�FRP� YLGD�� 2 Quando acontece de a criança nascer morta (natimorto), não adquirindo assim a personalidade civil (qualidade de quem é sujeito de direito), ela não terá uma certidão de nascimento, será registrada em um livro auxiliar; se a criança nascer viva e depois vier a falecer, mesmo que seja por segundos, esta criança terá uma certidão de nascimento, pois adquiriu a personalidade civil (nasceu com vida) e posteriormente uma certidão de óbito. Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 5 de 89 7HQKD�� HQWUHWDQWR�� R� FXLGDGR� GH� HQWHQGHU� TXH� D� SURWHomR� D� HVVHV� GLUHLWRV� H[LVWH� GHVGH� D� FRQFHSomR� Capacidade 9ROWDQGR�DR�DUWLJR����TXDQGR�HOH�GL]��³7RGD�SHVVRD�p�FDSD]����´���Mi� SRGHPRV�SHUFHEHU�D�SULPHLUD�QRomR�GH�FDSDFLGDGH��TXH�YHP�D�VHU�D�PDLRU� RX�PHQRU�H[WHQVmR�GRV�GLUHLWRV�H�REULJDo}HV���p�FRPR�VH�HVWLYpVVHPRV� PHGLQGR�HVWHV�GLUHLWRV�H�REULJDo}HV�� (QWmR�YDPRV�SRU�SDUWHV� ³&DSDFLGDGH� H[SULPH� SRGHUHV� RX� IDFXOGDGHV�� SHUVRQDOLGDGH� p� D� UHVXOWDQWH� GHVVHV� SRGHUHV�� SHVVRD� p� R� HQWH� D� TXHP� D� RUGHP� MXUtGLFD� RXWRUJD�HVVHV�SRGHUHV´�3 $�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�WHP�VXD�PHGLGD�QD�FDSDFLGDGH�H�SDUD�WHUPRV�HVWD� PHGLGD�VHUi�QHFHVViULR�GLIHUHQFLDUPRV�D�FDSDFLGDGH�GH�GLUHLWR��GH�JR]R�� GD�FDSDFLGDGH�GH�IDWR��GH�H[HUFtFLR�� ¾ À capacidade de adquirir direitos e contrair obrigações na vida civil se dá o nome de capacidade de gozo ou de direito. Ela é inerente à pessoa humana (sem isto se perde a qualidade de pessoa), neste sentido capacidade tem a mesma significação de personalidade. Porém, esta capacidade de direito pode vir a sofrer algumas restrições legais (limitações), por causas diversas, no seu exercício. ¾ À capacidade de exercer por si mesmo os atos da vida civil se dá o nome de capacidade de fato ou de exercício. ³6mR�PXLWDV�LQIRUPDo}HV��YRFrV�SRGHP�H[SOLFDU�PDLV�GHYDJDU"´ &ODUR��9DPRV�FRP�FDOPD�HQWmR��$Wp�R�PRPHQWR��R�VHX�HQWHQGLPHQWR� D�UHVSHLWR�GR�DVVXQWR�GHYH�WHU�VLGR�R�VHJXLQWH� $�SHVVRD�QDWXUDO�p�R�VHU�KXPDQR��TXH�DR�QDVFHU�FRP�YLGD��DGTXLUH� SHUVRQDOLGDGH� FLYLO�� FRQVLGHUDGR�� HQWmR�� FRPR� VXMHLWR� GH� GLUHLWRV� H� REULJDo}HV� 3 Washington de Barros Monteiro, Ana Cristina de Barros Monteiro França Pinto, Curso de direito Civil 1, 43 ed. Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 6 de 89 &RPR� D� FDSDFLGDGH� p� OLPLWDGD�� SDUD� WHUPRV� D� PHGLGD� GD� SHUVRQDOLGDGH�VH�ID]�QHFHVViULR�GLVWLQJXLU�HVVD�FDSDFLGDGH��(OD�SRGH�VHU� GH�GXDV�HVSpFLHV��D�SULPHLUD��GHQRPLQDGD�ïGH�JR]R�RX�GH�GLUHLWR��TXH� p� DTXHOD� RULXQGD� GD� SHUVRQDOLGDGH�� H� TXH� p� LQHUHQWH� j� SHVVRD�� H� D� VHJXQGD��GHQRPLQDGD�ðGH�IDWR�RX�GH�H[HUFtFLR��TXH�p�D�FDSDFLGDGH�GH� H[HUFHU�HVWHV�GLUHLWRV�SRU�VL�Vy�QD�YLGD�FLYLO� (QWmR��XPD�SHVVRD�TXDQGR�QDVFH��DGTXLUH�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�H�WDPEpP�� SRU�FRQVHTXrQFLD��D�FDSDFLGDGH�GH�JR]R�RX�GH�GLUHLWR��QR�HQWDQWR��DLQGD� QmR�DGTXLUH�D�FDSDFLGDGH�GH�IDWR�RX�GH�H[HUFtFLR��WHQGR�HP�YLVWD�TXH� XP� UHFpP�QDVFLGR� QmR� FRQVHJXH� H[HUFHU� HVWHV� GLUHLWRV� SRU� FRQWD� SUySULD� 4XDQGR�HVWD�SHVVRD�FUHVFHU��VDXGiYHO�H�VHP�LPSHGLPHQWRV��HOD� YDL�SRVVXLU��HQWmR��DV�GXDV�FDSDFLGDGHV��ïD�LQHUHQWH�D�VXD�FRQGLomR�GH�VHU� KXPDQR��RULXQGD�GD�SHUVRQDOLGDGH��H�ðD�SOHQD�FDSDFLGDGH�GH�H[HUFHU�SRU� HOD� PHVPD� HVWHV� GLUHLWRV�� ,VWR�� HP� UHJUD�� RFRUUH� TXDQGR� D� SHVVRD� FRPSOHWD����DQRV� Tendo em vista o que acabamos de ver, podemos concluir que a capacidade jurídica de uma pessoa natural é limitada, pois a pessoa pode gozar de um direito, sem, no entanto, ter seu exercício. Capacidade de direito (ou de gozo) É inerente ao ser humano Já: A capacidade de direito precede a capacidade de fato e esta última não pode subsistir sem aquela. Se a capacidade é plena a pessoa estará conjugando tanto a capacidade de direito (gozo) como a de fato (exercício). A Capacidade de fato (ou de exercício) leva em conta critérios como: Idade Estado de saúde 1º - Capacidade de gozo ou de direito 2º - Capacidade de fato ou de exercício Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 7 de 89 Vamos agora, então, estudar os casos onde a pessoa natural possui o gozo de um direito, porém não possui a capacidade de exercê-lo por si mesma. Incapacidade ,QFDSDFLGDGH�p�D�UHVWULomR�OHJDO�SDUD�GHWHUPLQDGRV�DWRV�GD�YLGD� FLYLO�� 7RGDV� DV� LQFDSDFLGDGHV� HVWmR� SUHYLVWDV� HP� OHL�� QHVWH� VHQWLGR� WHPRV�TXH�IDODU�TXH�D�FDSDFLGDGH�GD�SHVVRD�QDWXUDO�p�D�UHJUD��VHQGR� D�LQFDSDFLGDGH�D�H[FHomR� 9RFr�SUHFLVD�HVWDU�DWHQGR�D�XP�GHWDOKH��QmR�VH�GHYH�FRQIXQGLU�R� LQVWLWXWR�GD�LQFDSDFLGDGH�FRP�D�SURLELomR�OHJDO�GH�HIHWXDU�FHUWRV�QHJyFLRV� MXUtGLFRV4�FRP�FHUWDV�SHVVRDV�RX�FRP�UHODomR�DRV�EHQV�D�HODV�SHUWHQFHQWHV�� (VWD�SURLELomR�DWULEXL�IDOWD�GH�OHJLWLPLGDGH�D�SHVVRD�H�QmR�LQFDSDFLGDGH� 3UHVWH� DWHQomR� QD� GLVWLQomR� GRV� FRQFHLWRV� GH� FDSDFLGDGH� H� GH� OHJLWLPDomR��8PD�SHVVRD�TXH�SRVVXL�FDSDFLGDGH�GH�IDWR�SRGH�SRU�YH]HV� QmR�WHU�OHJLWLPLGDGH�SDUD�SUDWLFDU�XP�QHJyFLR�MXUtGLFR��S�H[���D�SURLELomR� GH�XP�SDL�YHQGHU�XP�EHP�SDUD�XP�ILOKR�VHP�D�DXWRUL]DomR�GRV�GHPDLV� ILOKRV��VH�RV�WLYHU��H�GD�VXD�HVSRVD��3HUFHED�TXH��QR�H[HPSOR�GDGR��R�SDL�p� XPD�SHVVRD�QDWXUDO��FRP�SOHQD�FDSDFLGDGH��FRPR�YHUHPRV�PHOKRU�PDLV� DGLDQWH��HQWUHWDQWR��R�DWR�GH�YHQGD�p�LOHJtWLPR��IDOWD�OHJLWLPLGDGH� 9HMD� DOJXQV� H[HPSORV�GH� IDOWD�GH� OHJLWLPLGDGH� HQFRQWUDGRV� QR� FyGLJR�FLYLO� $UW�� ����� 2V� WXWRUHV�� FXUDGRUHV� H� HP� JHUDO� WRGRV� RV� DGPLQLVWUDGRUHV� GH� EHQV� DOKHLRV� QmR� SRGHUmR� GDU� HP� FRPRGDWR�� VHP� DXWRUL]DomR� HVSHFLDO�� RV� EHQV� FRQILDGRV�j�VXD�JXDUGD� $UW���������5HVVDOYDGR�R�GLVSRVWR�QR�DUW���������QHQKXP�GRV�F{QMXJHV�SRGH��VHP� DXWRUL]DomR�GR�RXWUR��H[FHWR�QR�UHJLPH�GD�VHSDUDomR�DEVROXWD� ,���DOLHQDU�RX�JUDYDU�GH�{QXV�UHDO�RV�EHQV�LPyYHLV� 4 Este assunto será abordado em nossas próximas aulas. Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: AlineSantiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. 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Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 14 de 89 FRPSOHWDGR����DQRV��2EVHUYH�TXH�R�DUW����LQFLVR�,�IDOD�HP�³FRQFHVVmR �´� TXH�WUD]�HP�VL�D�LGHLD�GH�XP�EHQHItFLR��RX�VHMD��D�HPDQFLSDomR�QmR�p�XP� GLUHLWR�GR�PHQRU� 6HUi�MXGLFLDO�D�HPDQFLSDomR�TXH�RFRUUHU�SRU�XPD�VHQWHQoD�GR�MXL]� FDVR�R�PHQRU�VHMD�WXWHODGR7 7DQWR�D�HPDQFLSDomR�SRU�RXWRUJD�GRV�SDLV�TXDQWR�D� HPDQFLSDomR� SRU� VHQWHQoD� GR� MXL]� VHUmR� UHJLVWUDGDV�HP�UHJLVWUR�S~EOLFR� Esquematizando Emancipação ¹Voluntária e ²Judicial: ¹Se pelos pais instrumento público desnecessária a homologação judicial. ²Por sentença do juiz ouvido o tutor. 2V�FDVRV�DUURODGRV�QRV�LQFLVRV�,,��,,,��,9�H�9�VmR�RV�GH�HPDQFLSDomR� OHJDO��DTXHOHV�GHWHUPLQDGRV�SRU�OHL��9DPRV�D�HOHV� &DVDPHQWR���1mR�p�FDEtYHO��TXH�XPD�SHVVRD��TXH�GH�DFRUGR�FRP�D� OHL��Mi�HVWHMD�DSWD�D�IRUPDU�XPD�IDPtOLD��DLQGD�ILTXH�VRE�D�WXWHOD�GH�RXWUHP�� 3HOD� OHL�� PHGLDQWH� DXWRUL]DomR� GRV� SDLV� SRGHP� RV� PDLRUHV� GH� ��� DQRV� FDVDUHP� &&�$UW���������2�KRPHP�H�D�PXOKHU�FRP�GH]HVVHLV�DQRV�SRGHP�FDVDU��H[LJLQGR� VH�DXWRUL]DomR�GH�DPERV�RV�SDLV��RX�GH�VHXV�UHSUHVHQWDQWHV�OHJDLV��HQTXDQWR�QmR� DWLQJLGD�D�PDLRULGDGH�FLYLO� ,PSRUWDQWH�GHVWDFDUPRV�TXH��PHVPR�TXH�KDMD�YLXYH]��VHSDUDomR�RX� GLYyUFLR��DR�HPDQFLSDGR�QmR�UHWRUQD�D�LQFDSDFLGDGH8 (QWmR� DWHQomR�� 'HSRLV� TXH� XPD� SHVVRD� p� HPDQFLSDGD� HOD� QmR� SRGHUi�YROWDU�DR�VHX�HVWDGR�DQWHULRU�GH�LQFDSDFLGDGH��$�HPDQFLSDomR�XPD� YH]�FRQFHGLGD�p� LUUHYRJiYHO��QmR�YROWD�DWUiV��e��WDPEpP��GHILQLWLYD��D� 7 Isto é assunto de Direito da Família. Neste caso o menor tutelado é aquele que possui um tutor, por terem os seus pais falecido, ou sido declarados ausentes, ou então, terem perdido o poder familiar. 8�&DVR�R�FDVDPHQWR�VHMD�QXOR��QmR�Ki�GH�VH� IDODU�HP�UHWRUQR�GD� LQFDSDFLGDGH��SRLV� QHVVH�FDVR�QmR�KRXYH�HPDQFLSDomR��2�DWR�QmR�IRL�YiOLGR�H�R� UHODWLYDPHQWH� LQFDSD]� DVVLP�SHUPDQHFHX� Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 15 de 89 SHVVRD�QmR�SRGH�GHVLVWLU�GHOD��p�FRPR�ID]HU�XPD�WDWXDJHP��XPD�YH]�IHLWD� QmR�VH�SRGH�YROWDU�DWUiV�H��WDPEpP��QmR�VH�SRGH�GHVLVWLU�GHSRLV�GH�SURQWD�� (QWUHWDQWR��VH�KRXYHU�DOJXPD�IDOKD�QD�FRQGLomR�H[LJLGD�SRU�OHL� QRV�FDVRV�GH�HPDQFLSDomR�OHJDO��HVWDUHPRV�GLDQWH�GH�XPD�QXOLGDGH�RX�GH� XPD� DQXODELOLGDGH� �GHSHQGHQGR� GR� FDVR��� 3RU� H[HPSOR�� VH� QR� FDVR� GH� HPDQFLSDomR�SHOR�FDVDPHQWR��HPDQFLSDomR�OHJDO��YHULILFDU�VH��GHSRLV�GD� FHULP{QLD�� TXH� D� DXWRUL]DomR� TXH� D� OHL� H[LJH� GRV� SDLV� HUD� IDOVD�� KDYHUi� QXOLGDGH� GR� DWR�� 2� FDVDPHQWR� QmR� DFRQWHFHX� SDUD� R� GLUHLWR�� HQWmR�� SRU� FRQVHTXrQFLD��D�HPDQFLSDomR�WDPEpP�QmR� (PDQFLSDomR� SRU� HPSUHJR� S~EOLFR� �� 6y� VH� EHQHILFLDP� RV� QRPHDGRV� HP� FDUiWHU� HIHWLYR�� &XULRVDPHQWH� YHMDPRV� R� TXH� GL]� D� /HL� ���������TXH�GLVS}H�VREUH�R�UHJLPH�MXUtGLFR�GRV�VHUYLGRUHV�S~EOLFRV�FLYLV� GD�8QLmR��GDV�DXWDUTXLDV�H�GDV�IXQGDo}HV�S~EOLFDV�IHGHUDLV� ³$UW����6mR�UHTXLVLWRV�EiVLFRV�SDUD�LQYHVWLGXUD�HP�FDUJR�S~EOLFR� 9���D�LGDGH�PtQLPD�GH�GH]RLWR�DQRV�´ &RPR�(VWDGRV�H�0XQLFtSLRV��HP�UHJUD��WDPEpP��VHJXHP�R�UHTXLVLWR� LGDGH��DFDED�VH�SRU�LQYLDELOL]DU��QD�PDLRULD�GRV�FDVRV��TXH�R�PHQRU�GH���� DQRV�SRVVD�DGTXLULU�D�PDLRULGDGH�SHOR�H[HUFtFLR�GH�HPSUHJR�S~EOLFR�HIHWLYR� (PDQFLSDomR� DGTXLULGD� SRU� PHLR� GH� FRODomR� GH� JUDX� HP� FXUVR� VXSHULRU�� 'LILFLOPHQWH� VHUi� FRQVHJXLGD�� WHQGR� HP� YLVWD� D� H[WHQVmR� GR� HQVLQR�IXQGDPHQWDO�H�PpGLR��PDV��FDVR�RFRUUD��LQGHSHQGH�GD�LGDGH� 3RU� ~OWLPR�� KDYHUi� HPDQFLSDomR� VH� R� PHQRU� FRP� ��� DQRV� FRPSOHWRV� WHQKD�HFRQRPLD�SUySULD��ïSHOR�HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR�FLYLO�RX� FRPHUFLDO��RX�ðSHOD�H[LVWrQFLD�GH�UHODomR�GH�HPSUHJR� 4XDQWR�j�HPDQFLSDomR�WHPRV�GXDV�REVHUYDo}HV�LPSRUWDQWHV� x Em regra, a emancipação é irrevogável e definitiva. x Em qualquer dos casos a emancipação vale apenas na esfera civil. É irrelevante, por exemplo, na órbita penal. Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 16 de 89 Extinção da personalidade natural. 7RGD�H[LVWrQFLD��HP�SULQFtSLR��WHUi�XP�FRPHoR�H�XP�ILP��&RP�D� SHUVRQDOLGDGH�QmR�p�GLIHUHQWH��-i�YLPRV�TXH�D�SHUVRQDOLGDGH�VH�LQLFLD�GR� QDVFLPHQWR�FRP�YLGD��0DV�TXDQGR�HOD�WHUPLQD" $�UHVSRVWD�SDUD�HVWD�TXHVWmR�HVWi�QR�DUWLJR���GR�&&� $UW�����$�H[LVWrQFLD�GD�SHVVRD�QDWXUDO�WHUPLQD�FRP�D�PRUWH��SUHVXPH�VH�HVWD�� TXDQWR�DRV�DXVHQWHV��QRV� FDVRV�HP�TXH�D� OHL�DXWRUL]D�D�DEHUWXUD�GH� VXFHVVmR� GHILQLWLYD� $�SHVVRD�QDWXUDO��DVVLP�FRPR�D�VXD�SHUVRQDOLGDGH��WHP�VHX�ILP�FRP� D� PRUWH�� WHQGR� HP� YLVWD� TXH� HVWD� QDVFH� FRP� DTXHOD�� RX� VHMD�� D� SHUVRQDOLGDGH�QDVFH�FRP�D�SHVVRD�QDWXUDO�H�WHP�R�VHX�ILP�MXQWDPHQWH�FRP� D�PRUWH� $�PRUWH�WHP�FRPR�FRQVHTXrQFLD� LPHGLDWD�D�FHVVDomR�GH�GLUHLWRV�H� REULJDo}HV�GH�TXH�R�GH�FXMXV��R�PRUWR��HUD�WLWXODU��7RGDYLD��VXD�YRQWDGH� VREUHYLYH�SRU�PHLR�GH�VHX�WHVWDPHQWR��7DPEpP��QD�~OWLPD�SDUWH�GR�DUWLJR� ���WHPRV�D�PRUWH�SUHVXPLGD�UHODWLYD�DRV�DXVHQWHV9� 2�DUWLJR���DVVLP�GLVS}H�VREUH�D�PRUWH�SUHVXPLGD�VHP�D�GHFUHWDomR� GD�DXVrQFLD� $UW���R 3RGH�VHU�GHFODUDGD�D�PRUWH�SUHVXPLGD��VHP�GHFUHWDomR�GH�DXVrQFLD� ,���VH�IRU�H[WUHPDPHQWH�SURYiYHO�D�PRUWH�GH�TXHP�HVWDYD�HP�SHULJR�GH�YLGD� ,,� �� VH� DOJXpP�� GHVDSDUHFLGR� HP� FDPSDQKD� RX� IHLWR� SULVLRQHLUR�� QmR� IRU� HQFRQWUDGR�DWp�GRLV�DQRV�DSyV�R�WpUPLQR�GD�JXHUUD� 3DUiJUDIR�~QLFR��$�GHFODUDomR�GD�PRUWH�SUHVXPLGD��QHVVHV�FDVRV��VRPHQWH�SRGHUi� VHU� UHTXHULGD� GHSRLV� GH� HVJRWDGDV� DV� EXVFDV� H� DYHULJXDo}HV�� GHYHQGR� D� VHQWHQoD�IL[DU�D�GDWD�SURYiYHO�GR�IDOHFLPHQWR FIM DA PESSOA NATURAL A morte pode ser: 1.Real - quando há um corpo. 2.Presumida ± não há um corpo. 9 Ausentes são as pessoas que se ausentaram ou se afastaram de seu domicílio regular sem deixar procurador ou representante legal, e das quais não se tenha notícias. Porém não basta a simples não presença para configurar a ausência, é necessária a falta de notícia do ausente, de modo que haja dúvidas quanto a sua existência, bem como a declaração judicial desse estado. O instituto da ausência é um instrumento jurídico que tem por escopo proteger os interesses daquele que se ausentou, por meio da curadoria do ausente. Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. 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Ambos são nomes do mesmo autor e estão protegidos por lei. Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. 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Como é chamado o poder dos pais em relação a seus filhos Direito civil para TRF 2ª Região ʹ AJAJ. Professores: Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi. Aula - 01 Profs. Aline Santiago e Jacson Panichi www.estrategiaconcursos.com.br Página 21 de 89 0LQLVWpULR� 3~EOLFR� �FHVVDGD� D� FRDomR� RX� DPHDoD� D� SHVVRD� SRGH� SHGLU� R� UHWRUQR�DR�VHX�QRPH�RULJLQiULR�� ��4XDQGR� KRXYHU� SDUHQWHVFR� GH� DILQLGDGH� HP� OLQKD� UHWD�� TXDQGR� XP� HQWHDGR� RX� HQWHDGD� TXLVHU� DGRWDU� R� VREUHQRPH� GR� SDGUDVWR� RX� GD� PDGUDVWD��,VVR�p�SRVVtYHO��GHVGH�TXH�KDMD�D�FRQFRUGkQFLD�GR�SDGUDVWR�RX� GD� PDGUDVWD� H� VHP� R� SUHMXt]R� GH� VREUHQRPHV� GH� IDPtOLD� �QmR� Ki� QHFHVVLGDGH�GH�R�PHQRU�HVSHUDU�DWp�FRPSOHWDU�D�PDLRULGDGH�SDUD�SHGLU�D� DOWHUDomR�GH�VHX�QRPH��EDVWD�TXH�VHMD�UHSUHVHQWDGR�RX�DVVLVWLGR�� ¾ Estado (status) da pessoa natural. 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